The document provides an introduction to management information systems. It explains that information systems are essential for businesses today to achieve operational excellence, develop new products and business models, gain customer intimacy, improve decision making, gain competitive advantages, and ensure survival. It defines an information system from both a technical and business perspective, and identifies the three key dimensions of information systems as the management, organizational, and technological dimensions.
The document discusses the important role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in organizations. It states that MIS plays a vital role similar to the heart in the human body by collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to all parts of the organization. It helps satisfy diverse information needs at all levels of management through systems like query systems, analysis systems, and decision support systems. A well-designed MIS that provides timely, reliable information helps managers make efficient, strategic decisions and improves organizational performance, productivity, and competitiveness.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
This document discusses various types of information systems. It begins by defining data and information, with data being raw facts and information being organized data that provides additional value. It then covers transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, and the differences between TPS and MIS. The document also discusses information system infrastructure and architecture, including client/server, enterprise-wide, and internet-based architectures. It provides characteristics and examples of different information systems.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It explains that an MIS is a system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data to managers within an organization. The main outputs of an MIS are scheduled reports, key indicator reports, demand reports, and exception reports. These help managers monitor performance and make decisions. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to MIS, covering essential elements like the relationship between data, information, and systems.
Business process reengineering (BPR) was introduced in the 1990s to fundamentally rethink and redesign business processes. It aims to make radical improvements by eliminating non-value adding activities, integrating information systems, and optimizing end-to-end processes. BPR focuses on outcomes rather than tasks and seeks to dramatically reduce costs and improve customer service. A typical BPR process involves preparing for change, analyzing the existing process, designing an improved process, implementing changes, and continuously monitoring results. When successfully implemented, BPR can lead to significant reductions in time, costs and improvements in quality.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
An information system is any organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and policies that collects, manages and disseminates information to support business processes and decision making. There are different types of information systems that support various levels and functions within an organization, including transaction processing systems, knowledge work systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Businesses invest in information systems to achieve objectives like operational excellence, new products and services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and organizational survival.
This document discusses management information systems (MIS) and their role in organizations. It begins by defining MIS as a system that provides managers with information to help with decision making, planning, and control. It then discusses different types of information systems at various levels, including operational, knowledge, management, and strategic levels. Transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems are described. The document also discusses digital firms and how they leverage various applications and technologies to digitally enable core business functions.
The document discusses the important role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in organizations. It states that MIS plays a vital role similar to the heart in the human body by collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to all parts of the organization. It helps satisfy diverse information needs at all levels of management through systems like query systems, analysis systems, and decision support systems. A well-designed MIS that provides timely, reliable information helps managers make efficient, strategic decisions and improves organizational performance, productivity, and competitiveness.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
This document discusses various types of information systems. It begins by defining data and information, with data being raw facts and information being organized data that provides additional value. It then covers transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, and the differences between TPS and MIS. The document also discusses information system infrastructure and architecture, including client/server, enterprise-wide, and internet-based architectures. It provides characteristics and examples of different information systems.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts such as data, information, and systems. It explains that an MIS is a system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data to managers within an organization. The main outputs of an MIS are scheduled reports, key indicator reports, demand reports, and exception reports. These help managers monitor performance and make decisions. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to MIS, covering essential elements like the relationship between data, information, and systems.
Business process reengineering (BPR) was introduced in the 1990s to fundamentally rethink and redesign business processes. It aims to make radical improvements by eliminating non-value adding activities, integrating information systems, and optimizing end-to-end processes. BPR focuses on outcomes rather than tasks and seeks to dramatically reduce costs and improve customer service. A typical BPR process involves preparing for change, analyzing the existing process, designing an improved process, implementing changes, and continuously monitoring results. When successfully implemented, BPR can lead to significant reductions in time, costs and improvements in quality.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
An information system is any organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks, and policies that collects, manages and disseminates information to support business processes and decision making. There are different types of information systems that support various levels and functions within an organization, including transaction processing systems, knowledge work systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Businesses invest in information systems to achieve objectives like operational excellence, new products and services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and organizational survival.
This document discusses management information systems (MIS) and their role in organizations. It begins by defining MIS as a system that provides managers with information to help with decision making, planning, and control. It then discusses different types of information systems at various levels, including operational, knowledge, management, and strategic levels. Transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems are described. The document also discusses digital firms and how they leverage various applications and technologies to digitally enable core business functions.
Decision Making and Information SystemsAriful Saimon
Premier University
[B.B.A]
Submitted To : Lecturer MS. Samima Parvez
Subject : Decision Making and Information
Semester: 5th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Group Name: D’5
E-mail : Saimonchy20@gmail.com
This document presents a manufacturing information system report for SIWA Industries PVT Ltd. It includes an introduction to manufacturing information systems and definitions. It then provides an overview of SIWA's current partially computerized and manual systems for material procurement, production, quality, and storage. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in smooth information flow and record keeping but weaknesses in employee interest and workload. The report concludes SIWA's system is effective but employees resist computerization. It recommends fully implementing computerized systems and motivating employees.
Management Information System James O Brien Study Notessau275
1) Information systems are vital components of successful businesses that help improve efficiency, facilitate decision making, and allow businesses to expand and compete.
2) An information system is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, data, communication networks, and procedures that stores, retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization.
3) There are two main types of information systems - operations support systems, which efficiently process transactions and support business functions, and management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
The role of information technologies & information system in businessKevin Philip Joseph
The document discusses the role of information technology and information systems in business. It defines information technology as technologies used to collect, process, store, and communicate data, giving examples like ATMs and fingerprint scanners. It defines an information system as the combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel used to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. The document states that information systems are now the backbone of business and are used for organizational communications, data management, accounts, logistics, marketing, sales, research and development, customer interaction, and forecasting.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
This document defines and describes decision support systems (DSS). It begins by defining DSS as computer-based systems that help decision makers use data and models to solve semi-structured or unstructured problems. It then discusses decision making processes, how DSS incorporate different information systems, basic themes and a taxonomy of DSS types. The document also outlines the benefits of DSS, their components, applications, characteristics and capabilities.
Information system in business functions unit ivlaiprabhakar
This document discusses different types of management information systems (MIS) used in business functions like accounting, finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources. It provides details on the purpose and components of accounting information systems, financial MIS, manufacturing MIS, marketing MIS, and human resource MIS. These systems collect internal transaction data and external data to generate reports that support decision making, routine activities, planning, and control within each business function.
MIS-CH01: Information Systems, Organization, and StrategySukanya Ben
1) The chapter discusses how information systems impact organizations and can be used to develop competitive strategies. It covers topics like how organizational features influence IS, the economic and behavioral impacts of IS on organizations, and models for competitive strategy like Porter's.
2) Key frameworks discussed include Porter's competitive forces model and how IS can support different generic strategies to deal with competition. The value chain model is also introduced.
3) The relationship between organizations and IS is complex and two-way, with many factors like management decisions, culture, and politics mediating their influence on one another.
This document provides information on management information systems used in the manufacturing sector. It discusses how MIS is used to provide information support for decision making at middle and top management levels. Specific MIS functions for manufacturing include production management, personnel management, financial management, material management, and marketing management. It also discusses other information systems used in manufacturing like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, and strategic information systems. Examples of Toyota and Dell's use of various information systems are provided.
Chapter 1-information systems in global business todayNazmul Alam
This lecture provides an overview of the role of information systems in business today. It discusses how information systems are transforming business through increased wireless technology use, shifts in media/advertising, and new security/accounting laws. The lecture also explores opportunities through globalization and the internet, as well as perspectives on information systems, contemporary approaches to information systems, and management information systems.
This document discusses strategic information systems and guidelines for strategic control. It defines strategic information systems as computer systems that help organizations examine market and competitor information to plan business strategies. It also describes guidelines for effective strategic control, including minimizing information monitored, timely controls, focusing on meaningful activities, and using both long and short term controls.
The systems approach is a problem solving technique that uses systems thinking to define problems, opportunities, and develop solutions by considering interrelationships and processes of change. The systems development lifecycle includes stages like systems investigation, feasibility study, systems analysis, systems design, implementation, and maintenance. A feasibility study determines if a proposed system is organizationally, economically, technically, and operationally feasible by considering costs, benefits, and resource requirements. Systems analysis studies user information needs and current systems. Systems design develops specifications to meet requirements from the analysis. Implementation activities include acquiring hardware/software, testing, converting data, training, and documentation.
Management Information Systems focuses on how information systems are transforming business today. Businesses invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic objectives: operational excellence, new products/services, customer/supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Achieving these objectives requires complementary investments in organizational and managerial assets alongside technology. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making across organizational levels and business functions.
This document discusses functional information systems and provides examples. A functional information system provides detailed information for specific activities and summarized information for management. It is characterized by many small database changes, systematic records, routine actions, and important data preparation efforts. Examples discussed include marketing, human resources, accounting, production, manufacturing, and finance information systems. They each provide specialized information and processing for their respective functions.
An executive information system (EIS) provides senior executives with easy access to internal and external information relevant to organizational goals through graphical displays and reporting capabilities. EIS emerged in the 1970s as mainframe-based programs and were early adopted by large firms seeking competitive advantage. EIS applications include monitoring company performance, identifying opportunities, analyzing competitors, and supporting executive planning, decision-making, and control responsibilities.
Types, Importance, impact of Information systems
Data
Data vs Information
MIS
Importance of MIS
Impact of MIS
Need of MIS
Outputs of MIS
Business objectives of Information systems
Decision Support System - Management Information SystemNijaz N
Refers to class of system which supports in the process of decision making and does not always give a decision itself.
Decision Support Systems supply computerized support for the decision making process.
An information system is a set of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. There are three dimensions of an information system: the organizational dimension which involves an organization's hierarchy, processes, culture and groups; the management dimension involving leadership, strategy and behavior; and the technology dimension comprising hardware, software, data management and networking technologies.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy - Management Information SystemFaHaD .H. NooR
How information systems impact organizations and business firms:
Economic Impacts
Organizational and Behavioural Impacts
The Internet and Organizations
Implications for the Design and Understanding of IS’s
This document discusses telecommunications and networks. It covers trends in the telecommunications industry and technology, including increased connectivity and open systems. It describes the business value of the internet, intranets, and extranets. It also outlines different types of telecommunications networks, media, processors, software, topologies, architectures, and protocols. Bandwidth and switching alternatives are also discussed.
Decision Making and Information SystemsAriful Saimon
Premier University
[B.B.A]
Submitted To : Lecturer MS. Samima Parvez
Subject : Decision Making and Information
Semester: 5th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Group Name: D’5
E-mail : Saimonchy20@gmail.com
This document presents a manufacturing information system report for SIWA Industries PVT Ltd. It includes an introduction to manufacturing information systems and definitions. It then provides an overview of SIWA's current partially computerized and manual systems for material procurement, production, quality, and storage. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in smooth information flow and record keeping but weaknesses in employee interest and workload. The report concludes SIWA's system is effective but employees resist computerization. It recommends fully implementing computerized systems and motivating employees.
Management Information System James O Brien Study Notessau275
1) Information systems are vital components of successful businesses that help improve efficiency, facilitate decision making, and allow businesses to expand and compete.
2) An information system is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, data, communication networks, and procedures that stores, retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization.
3) There are two main types of information systems - operations support systems, which efficiently process transactions and support business functions, and management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
The role of information technologies & information system in businessKevin Philip Joseph
The document discusses the role of information technology and information systems in business. It defines information technology as technologies used to collect, process, store, and communicate data, giving examples like ATMs and fingerprint scanners. It defines an information system as the combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel used to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. The document states that information systems are now the backbone of business and are used for organizational communications, data management, accounts, logistics, marketing, sales, research and development, customer interaction, and forecasting.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
This document defines and describes decision support systems (DSS). It begins by defining DSS as computer-based systems that help decision makers use data and models to solve semi-structured or unstructured problems. It then discusses decision making processes, how DSS incorporate different information systems, basic themes and a taxonomy of DSS types. The document also outlines the benefits of DSS, their components, applications, characteristics and capabilities.
Information system in business functions unit ivlaiprabhakar
This document discusses different types of management information systems (MIS) used in business functions like accounting, finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources. It provides details on the purpose and components of accounting information systems, financial MIS, manufacturing MIS, marketing MIS, and human resource MIS. These systems collect internal transaction data and external data to generate reports that support decision making, routine activities, planning, and control within each business function.
MIS-CH01: Information Systems, Organization, and StrategySukanya Ben
1) The chapter discusses how information systems impact organizations and can be used to develop competitive strategies. It covers topics like how organizational features influence IS, the economic and behavioral impacts of IS on organizations, and models for competitive strategy like Porter's.
2) Key frameworks discussed include Porter's competitive forces model and how IS can support different generic strategies to deal with competition. The value chain model is also introduced.
3) The relationship between organizations and IS is complex and two-way, with many factors like management decisions, culture, and politics mediating their influence on one another.
This document provides information on management information systems used in the manufacturing sector. It discusses how MIS is used to provide information support for decision making at middle and top management levels. Specific MIS functions for manufacturing include production management, personnel management, financial management, material management, and marketing management. It also discusses other information systems used in manufacturing like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, and strategic information systems. Examples of Toyota and Dell's use of various information systems are provided.
Chapter 1-information systems in global business todayNazmul Alam
This lecture provides an overview of the role of information systems in business today. It discusses how information systems are transforming business through increased wireless technology use, shifts in media/advertising, and new security/accounting laws. The lecture also explores opportunities through globalization and the internet, as well as perspectives on information systems, contemporary approaches to information systems, and management information systems.
This document discusses strategic information systems and guidelines for strategic control. It defines strategic information systems as computer systems that help organizations examine market and competitor information to plan business strategies. It also describes guidelines for effective strategic control, including minimizing information monitored, timely controls, focusing on meaningful activities, and using both long and short term controls.
The systems approach is a problem solving technique that uses systems thinking to define problems, opportunities, and develop solutions by considering interrelationships and processes of change. The systems development lifecycle includes stages like systems investigation, feasibility study, systems analysis, systems design, implementation, and maintenance. A feasibility study determines if a proposed system is organizationally, economically, technically, and operationally feasible by considering costs, benefits, and resource requirements. Systems analysis studies user information needs and current systems. Systems design develops specifications to meet requirements from the analysis. Implementation activities include acquiring hardware/software, testing, converting data, training, and documentation.
Management Information Systems focuses on how information systems are transforming business today. Businesses invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic objectives: operational excellence, new products/services, customer/supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Achieving these objectives requires complementary investments in organizational and managerial assets alongside technology. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making across organizational levels and business functions.
This document discusses functional information systems and provides examples. A functional information system provides detailed information for specific activities and summarized information for management. It is characterized by many small database changes, systematic records, routine actions, and important data preparation efforts. Examples discussed include marketing, human resources, accounting, production, manufacturing, and finance information systems. They each provide specialized information and processing for their respective functions.
An executive information system (EIS) provides senior executives with easy access to internal and external information relevant to organizational goals through graphical displays and reporting capabilities. EIS emerged in the 1970s as mainframe-based programs and were early adopted by large firms seeking competitive advantage. EIS applications include monitoring company performance, identifying opportunities, analyzing competitors, and supporting executive planning, decision-making, and control responsibilities.
Types, Importance, impact of Information systems
Data
Data vs Information
MIS
Importance of MIS
Impact of MIS
Need of MIS
Outputs of MIS
Business objectives of Information systems
Decision Support System - Management Information SystemNijaz N
Refers to class of system which supports in the process of decision making and does not always give a decision itself.
Decision Support Systems supply computerized support for the decision making process.
An information system is a set of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. There are three dimensions of an information system: the organizational dimension which involves an organization's hierarchy, processes, culture and groups; the management dimension involving leadership, strategy and behavior; and the technology dimension comprising hardware, software, data management and networking technologies.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
Information Systems, Organizations and Strategy - Management Information SystemFaHaD .H. NooR
How information systems impact organizations and business firms:
Economic Impacts
Organizational and Behavioural Impacts
The Internet and Organizations
Implications for the Design and Understanding of IS’s
This document discusses telecommunications and networks. It covers trends in the telecommunications industry and technology, including increased connectivity and open systems. It describes the business value of the internet, intranets, and extranets. It also outlines different types of telecommunications networks, media, processors, software, topologies, architectures, and protocols. Bandwidth and switching alternatives are also discussed.
Information systems involve organizational, management, and technology dimensions. Computer specialists understand technology but may lack business knowledge, so they should work as part of an interdisciplinary team. Information systems are essential in business today due to trends like globalization, the rise of knowledge economies, the transformation of business models, and the emergence of digital firms. An information system includes interrelated components for collecting, processing, storing, and sharing information to support decision making. It differs from a computer or program, which are technological components of an information system. Data becomes useful information after being processed into meaningful form.
Zara is a Spanish clothing retailer known for its rapid production of new designs to match emerging fashion trends. It operates over 1,700 stores worldwide and launches around 10,000 new designs each year, getting products to stores in just two weeks compared to the industry average of six months. Zara's supply chain and production model allows it to be more responsive to trends and offer a wider variety of fashionable products at affordable prices. It has experienced rapid international expansion and growth over the past few decades to become one of the largest and most profitable clothing retailers globally.
This document discusses ethics in an information society and covers basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability. It analyzes ethical issues and proposes candidate ethical principles and professional codes of conduct. It also examines some real-world ethical dilemmas that can arise.
The document discusses a seminar on management information systems. It defines an information system and its components, including resources of people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It then discusses the functions of management information systems and different types of systems, including decision support systems, group decision support systems, executive information systems, management information systems, transaction processing systems, and office systems. The document emphasizes the growing role of information systems in integrating and coordinating business processes across organizations.
This document discusses the key types of information systems used in businesses and how they support different organizational levels and functions. It describes transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems, which operate at the operational, management, and strategic levels. These systems can also be categorized by the business functions they support, like finance or production. The document emphasizes that many important systems integrate across organizational levels and business functions through business processes like order fulfillment.
The document summarizes key concepts from a textbook chapter on information systems in enterprises. It describes six main types of information systems and how they serve different organizational levels and functions. It also discusses how information systems enable business processes, customer relationship management, supply chain management and enterprise systems. Current trends include extended enterprises and industrial networks.
A case simulates a real-world situation and provides context for analysis and discussion. It presents significant issues without conclusions and requires students to think critically to develop inferences and determine the best conclusions or decisions based on the evidence provided. Analyzing a case involves breaking it down into its constituent parts to understand relationships and develop hypotheses to explain problems or guide decisions. The process is iterative and involves defining the situation, asking questions, developing hypotheses, assessing evidence to prove hypotheses, and considering alternatives. Case discussions are collaborative learning opportunities to develop arguments and learn from others' perspectives.
This document discusses different types of information systems used for decision making. It describes Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) which handle basic operational tasks, Management Information Systems (MIS) which provide summary reports for middle managers, and Decision Support Systems (DSS) which use interactive models and analysis for professionals and managers. Executive Support Systems (ESS) are specialized DSS designed for senior managers, providing projections and responses to strategic queries. The document provides examples and compares key characteristics of MIS and DSS.
Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information and support for effective decision making. An MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems organized along functional lines within an organization. The report discusses the role of MIS in key functional areas like financial, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources. It provides examples of inputs, subsystems, and outputs for each functional MIS.
Managing International Information Systems Mostafa Ewees
This document discusses managing international information systems. It identifies key opportunities and challenges, such as lowering costs through global scale economies or difficulties managing change across cultures. It recommends solutions like agreeing on common requirements, coordinating applications development, and encouraging local support for global systems. The growth of international business drivers and how information systems can support different global strategies are also examined.
The world is adopting the new technology the need of ethics arises to sustain the proper growth and to minimize the risk of wrong uses. As technology is growing good if it is in proper hands but goes totally wrong in wrong hands.
This document discusses strategic issues for information systems planning (SISP) in the 1990s. It notes key business forces of globalization, competition, and productivity requirements. Strategic issues include increased connectivity within and between organizations, as well as new information technology opportunities from advances in networks, databases, and interfaces. SISP aims to align information systems with organizational objectives and strategies in a cost-effective way that provides competitive advantage. It helps prioritize investments, integrate systems, and manage information and relationships between users and IT specialists.
Business plan - Entrepreneurship Project - Shivam JaiswalShivam Jaiswal
Entrepreneurship Project - Business Plan Sample - Beverage Shop (Name - Day's Beverages)
Include:
Executive Summary
Competitors
Our Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
Functional Structure
Our Physical Resources
Our Production Process
Our Human Resource
Marketing Strategies
Packaging
Distribution Process
Our Financial Projections and Budget
Start-up Cost
Selling Price of Products
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Three dimensions of information systemsSuleyman Ally
An information system is a set of interconnected components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. Information systems are critical to business operations and success, ensuring improved decision making, operational excellence, competitive advantage, and organizational survival. An information system incorporates three dimensions: organizational, management, and technology. The organizational dimension involves business processes and culture. The management dimension supplies tools and information for managers. The technology dimension consists of hardware, software, storage, and networking that underpin information systems.
Management Information System (Full Notes)Harish Chand
This document provides a summary of key topics related to Management Information Systems (MIS). It discusses the importance of information systems for businesses and defines different types of systems, including Transaction Processing Systems, Knowledge Work Systems, Management Information Systems, and Decision Support Systems. It also outlines some of the challenges of implementing effective information systems, such as realizing digital transformation and addressing globalization.
The document discusses the major types of information systems used in organizations and their relationships. It describes transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems. It also evaluates how information systems support key business functions like sales, manufacturing, finance, and human resources. Finally, it examines how information systems enable business processes and integration across the enterprise.
The document discusses information system planning and management. It covers the following key points:
1) The overall responsibility of information system planning lies with the Chief Information Officer. The plan should be based on the organization's strategic plan.
2) The master plan consists of both long-range and short-range components. It includes an inventory of current capabilities, forecast of developments, and specific plans.
3) The master plan is reviewed by executives and integrated into the organizational plan after approval. It establishes information system policies and procedures.
This document provides an overview of business processes and information systems. It discusses how information systems can improve business processes and competitive advantage. It also summarizes the main types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, enterprise systems, supply chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, knowledge management systems, and systems that support collaboration and teamwork. The document emphasizes how information technology and information systems can help coordinate work and information flow within and across organizations.
Digital firms place an emphasis on digitizing business processes and services through sophisticated technology and information systems. These systems allow digital firms to decentralize operations, accelerate responsiveness to customers, and increase efficiencies across business functions. A key advantage is that digital firms can operate core business services and functions continuously and more efficiently through digital networks and information systems.
Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with tools to efficiently organize and evaluate departments within an organization. An MIS includes software, databases, hardware, decision support systems, and computerized processes that help managers make decisions and run departments effectively. The main goals of an MIS are to provide accurate and timely information to support decision-making, planning, control, and overall operations. Digital firms have enabled core business relationships through digital networks and technology platforms, allowing them to operate more efficiently on a global scale and adapt quickly to market changes.
Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with tools to efficiently organize and evaluate departments within an organization. An MIS includes software, databases, hardware, decision support systems, and computerized processes that help managers make decisions and run departments effectively. The main goals of an MIS are to provide accurate and timely information to support decision-making, planning, control, and overall operations. Digital firms have enabled core business relationships through digital networks and technology platforms, allowing them to operate more efficiently on a global scale and adapt quickly to market changes.
1st solve assignment Management information systemDanish Saqi
Information systems are essential for running and managing modern businesses. They help reduce costs, improve efficiency and productivity, minimize litigation risks, safeguard vital information, support better decision making, and preserve corporate memory. Porter's competitive forces model examines how five competitive forces - traditional competitors, new market entrants, substitute products/services, suppliers, and customers - shape a firm's competitive strategies. Firms can use information systems to develop strategies to deal with these competitive forces, such as by creating new products/services, improving customer intimacy and gaining competitive advantages.
This document discusses the evolution of information systems from electronic data processing (EDP) systems in the 1960s to today's enterprise systems and e-commerce applications. It outlines the development of different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, expert systems, knowledge management systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. It also describes how information systems now support strategic, tactical, and operational management decision-making and enhance the value of information through data warehousing and data mining.
This document provides an introduction to information systems from a lecture at Africa Nazarene University. It defines MIS as the study of information systems in business and management. It also discusses why firms invest in information systems, giving examples like improving efficiency and developing new business models. Finally, it outlines the key components of information systems, including hardware, software, data, processes for input, processing, output and feedback of information.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook:
1. It defines an information system as any organized combination of people, hardware, software, and policies that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
2. Information systems support business operations, decision making, and competitive strategies. Types of systems include transaction processing, process control, collaboration, management, decision support, and expert systems.
3. e-Business involves using internet technologies to empower business processes, e-commerce, and collaboration within and outside an organization. Success requires supporting business strategies and processes effectively.
This document provides an overview of a Management Information Systems syllabus. It outlines 5 units that will be covered: Foundation of Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Concepts of Planning & Control, Business Applications of Information Technology, and Managing Information Technology. Each unit describes its goals and objectives. The goals aim to provide students with a broad introductory understanding of information systems within organizational contexts. The objectives focus on topics like the role of IS in business, IS architecture, emerging technologies, security/ethics of IS, and using IS for competitive advantage and strategic planning.
This document provides an overview of information systems and management information systems. It defines key terms like data, information, and the components and functions of information systems. It explains that information systems collect, process, store, and disseminate data to support decision making while management information systems help businesses achieve their goals. The document also distinguishes between information systems and information technology and discusses how globalization and new technologies are changing businesses and enabling the digital firm.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as computer systems used to manage hardware, software, data, procedures, and people to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities. The history of MIS is discussed from mainframe computers in the first era to today's enterprise systems. Different types of MIS are described like decision support systems, executive information systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. Advantages of MIS include improved decision making, competitive advantages, and enhanced customer management. The document concludes with how workforce management systems and analytics can be used to enhance productivity.
This presentation is about managment and how it is affect the whole organization in a good way or bad way. I've made a small research about Toyota company and how they've applied the six business objectives.
This presentation was one of the requirements of MIS203 course in Yanbu University College.
Introduction to Management Information Systemhuma sh
This document provides an introduction to management information systems. It defines MIS as a system that processes data to provide information to management for decision-making. It discusses the three components of MIS: management, information, and system. Management uses the information, information is processed data, and a system is used to process the data into usable information. The document also provides definitions of management, information, and system.
Adding Strategic value: Strengthening Internal and External Coordination S M Qamar Abbas
Adding Strategic value: -
Strengthening Internal: Primary IT applications for internal coordination are intranets, Web 2.0 tools, knowledge-management systems, and enterprise resource planning (ERP).
External Coordination: The Integrated Enterprise and Customer Relationships discuss in detail.
decision support system in management informationmilkesa13
This document discusses perspectives on information systems from both technical and business perspectives. It defines an information system as a set of components that collect, process, store, retrieve, and distribute information to support decision making. It describes the basic activities of input, processing, and output that produce organizational information, as well as feedback. Environmental factors like customers and competitors interact with organizational information systems. Both computer-based and manual systems are discussed. The document then covers the business information value chain and multiple technical and behavioral perspectives on information systems.
The document discusses various topics related to information systems and management including:
1. It outlines different types of information systems such as transaction processing systems, management information systems, and enterprise systems.
2. It describes how information systems support business functions like operations, management, and competitive advantage.
3. It discusses challenges of managing information technology and developing information system solutions.
An information system is defined as a set of interconnected components that collect, manipulate, store data to support decision making and provide feedback. [1] Information systems were first introduced in the 1960s to help with accounting but have evolved significantly. [2] They can be classified based on their usage as either operations support systems, which generate reports for internal/external users from input data, or management support systems, which provide customized information to managers to facilitate decision making. [3] Common types of information systems include transaction processing systems, process control systems, and enterprise collaboration systems.
Management: The organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives.
Information: It is that which informs, i.e. an answer to a question, as well as that from which knowledge and data can be derived.
System: A set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
Management Information System: It broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
The document discusses how the changing business environment is driving organizational changes and the role of information systems. Key business drivers include globalization, competition, time-based competition, and technological innovation. Organizations are responding through business process reengineering, continuous improvement efforts, empowering employees, and becoming more customer-focused. The role of information systems is widening from basic data processing to management control, decision support, and treating information as a strategic resource. Contemporary approaches to information systems consider both technical and behavioral elements.
MIS lecture notes by Yihune Ephrem Kassahun.pdfYihune Ephrem
The lecture notes on Management Information Systems (MIS) provide an in-depth understanding of the role of information systems in modern organizations. The notes cover a range of topics, including the basics of information systems, the types of information systems, the role of information systems in decision-making, and the impact of information systems on organizational performance.
The notes begin by introducing the concept of information systems and their importance in modern organizations. They then cover the different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The notes also discuss the role of information systems in decision-making, including the use of data analytics and business intelligence tools.
The lecture notes also cover the impact of information systems on organizational performance. This includes the benefits of information systems, such as increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and enhanced communication. The notes also discuss the challenges of implementing information systems, such as the need for training and support, and the potential for security breaches.
Throughout the lecture notes, real-world examples and case studies are used to illustrate the concepts and theories discussed. This helps students to understand how information systems are used in practice and how they can be applied in different organizational contexts.
Overall, the lecture notes on Management Information Systems provide a comprehensive overview of the role of information systems in modern organizations. They are an essential resource for students studying business, management, and information technology, as well as for professionals looking to enhance their knowledge and skills in this area.
1. Introduction to Management Information Systems
Summary
1. Explain why information systems are so essential in business today.
Information systems are a foundation for conducting business today. In many
industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive use of
information technology. Information systems have become essential for helping
organizations operate in a global economy. Organizations are trying to become more
competitive and efficient by transforming themselves into digital firms where nearly
all core business processes and relationships with customers, suppliers, and
employees are digitally enabled. Businesses today use information systems to achieve
six major objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business
models; customer/supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive
advantage; and day-to-day survival.
2. Define an information systems from both a technical and a business perspective.
From a technical perspective, an information system collects, stores, and disseminates
information from an organization’s environment and internal operations to support
organizational functions and decision making, communication, coordination, control,
analysis, and visualization. Information systems transform raw data into useful
information through three basic activities: input, processing, and output. From a
business perspective, an information system provides a solution to a problem or
challenge facing a firm and provides real economic value to the business.
3. Identify and describe the three dimensions of information systems.
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and
technology elements. The management dimension of information systems involves
leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimensions consist of
computer hardware, software, data management technology, and
networking/telecommunications technology (including the Internet). The organization
dimension of information systems involves the organization’s hierarchy, functional
specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.
Review Questions
1. List and describe six reasons why information systems are so important
for business today.
Six reasons why information systems are so important for business today include:
2. • Operational excellence
• New products, services, and business models
• Customer and supplier intimacy
• Improved decision making
• Competitive advantage
• Survival
Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many
industries, survival and even existence without extensive use of IT is inconceivable,
and IT plays a critical role in increasing productivity. Although information
technology has become more of a commodity, when coupled with complementary
changes in organization and management, it can provide the foundation for new
products, services, and ways of conducting business that provide firms with a
strategic advantage.
2. What is an information system? What activities does it perform?
The textbook defines an information system as a set of interrelated components that
work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support
decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.
In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information
systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex
subjects, and create new products.
3. What is the difference between data and information?
Data are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the
physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that
people can understand and use.
Information is data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to
human beings.
4. What is information systems literacy? How does it differ from computer
literacy?
Information literacy is more concerned with creating information useful to an
organization and its employees, whereas computer literacy addresses the simple use
of computers. As technology uses spread beyond traditional computers, information
literacy enables employees and organizations to gain an edge over their competition
5. List and describe the organizational, management, and technology
dimensions of information systems.
3. Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues
such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes,
culture, and political interest groups.
Management: The management dimension of information systems involves issues
such as training, job attitudes, and management behavior.
Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software,
data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.
Chapter 2
Key Terms
The following alphabetical list identifies the key terms discussed in this chapter.
Chief information officer (CIO) — senior manager in charge of the information systems
function in the firm.
Customer relationship management (CRM) systems — business and technology
discipline that uses information systems to coordinate all of the business processes
surrounding the firm’s interactions with its customers in sales, marketing, and service.
Decision-support systems (DSS) — information systems at the organization’s
management level that combine data and sophisticated analytical models or data analysis
tools to support semistructured and unstructured decision making.
Electronic business (e-business) — the use of the Internet and digital technology to
execute all the business processes in the enterprise. Includes e-commerce as well as
processes for the internal management of the firm and for coordination with suppliers and
other business partners.
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) — the process of buying and selling goods and
services electronically, involving transactions using the Internet, networks, and other
digital technologies.
End users — representative of departments outside the information systems group for
whom applications are developed.
Enterprise applications — a system that can coordinate activities, decisions, and
knowledge across many different functions, levels, and business management systems,
and knowledge management systems.
Enterprise systems — integrated enterprise-wide information systems that coordinate key
internal processes of the firm.
4. Executive support systems (ESS) — information systems at the organization’s strategic
level designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and
communications.
Finance and accounting information systems — systems used to keep track of the
firm’s financial assets and fund flows.
Human resources information systems — systems that maintain employee records, track
employee skills, job performance, and training; and support planning for employee
compensation and career development.
Information systems department — the formal organizational unit that is responsible for
the information systems function in the organization.
Information systems managers — leaders of the various specialists in the information
systems department.
Interorganizational system — information systems that automate the flow of information
across organizational boundaries and link a company to its customers, distributors, or
suppliers.
Knowledge management systems (KMS) — systems that support the creation, capture,
storage, and dissemination of firm expertise and knowledge.
Management information systems (MIS) — the study of information systems focusing
on their use in business and management.
Manufacturing and production information systems — systems that deal with the
planning, development, and production of products and services and with controlling the
flow of production.
Portal — Web interface for presenting integrated personalized content from a variety of
sources. Also refers to a Web site service that provides an initial point of entry to the
Web.
Programmers — highly trained technical specialists who write computer software
instructions.
Sales and marketing information systems — systems that help the firm identify
customers for the firm’s products or services, develop products and services to meet their
needs, promote these products and services, sell the products and services, and provide
ongoing customer support.
Supply chain management (SCM) systems — information systems that automate the
flow of information between a firm and its suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing,
manufacturing, and delivery of products and services.
5. Systems analysts — the analysis of a problem that the organization will try to solve with
an information system.
Transaction processing systems (TPS) — computerized systems that perform and record
the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; they serve the
organization’s operational level.
Summary
1. Define and describe business processes and their relationship to information
systems.
A business process is a logically related set of activities that define how specific
business tasks are performed, and a business can be viewed as a collection of business
processes. Business processes are concrete workflows of material, information, and
knowledge. They also represent unique ways in which organizations coordinate work,
information, and knowledge, and the ways in which management chooses to
coordinate work. Managers need to pay attention to business processes because they
determine how well the organization can execute its business, and thus be a potential
source of strategic success or failure. Although each of the major business functions
has its own set of business processes, many other business processes are cross-functional,
such as order fulfillment. Information systems can help organizations
achieve greater efficiencies by automating parts of these processes or by helping
organizations redesign and streamline them. Firms can become more flexible and
efficient by coordinating their business processes closely, and, in some cases,
integrating these processes so they are focused on efficient management of resources
and customer service.
2. Describe the information systems supporting the major business functions: sales
and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and
human resources.
At each level of the organization, information systems support the major functional
areas of the business. Sales and marketing systems help the firm identify customers
for the firm’s products or services, develop products and services to meet customers’
needs, promote the products and services, sell the products and services, and provide
ongoing customer support. Manufacturing and production systems deal with the
planning, development, and production of products or services, and control the flow
of production. Finance and accounting systems keep track of the firm’s financial
assets and fund flows. Human resources systems maintain employee records; track
employee skills, job performance, and training; and support planning for employee
compensation and career development.
3. Evaluate the role played by systems serving the various levels of management in a
business and their relationship to each other.
6. There are four major types of information systems in contemporary organizations
serving operational, middle, and senior management. Systems serving operational
management are transaction processing systems (TPS), such as payroll or order
processing, that track the flow of the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct
business. MIS and DSS provide middle management with reports and access to the
organization’s current performance and historical records. Most MIS reports
condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical. DSS support
management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not
specified easily in advance. They have more advanced analytical models and data
analysis capabilities than MIS and often draw on information from external as well as
internal sources. ESS support senior management by providing data of greatest
importance to senior management decision makers, often in the form of graphs and
charts delivered via portals. They have limited analytical capabilities but can draw on
sophisticated graphics software and many sources of internal and external
information.
4. Explain how enterprise applications and intranets promote business process
integration and improve organizational performance.
Enterprise applications, such as enterprise systems, supply chain management
systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge management
systems are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and
integration so that the organization can operate efficiently. They span multiple
functions and business processes and may be tied to the business processes of other
organizations. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of a
firm into a single software system so that information can flow throughout the
organization, improve coordination, efficiency, and decision making. Supply chain
management systems help the firm manage its relationship with suppliers to optimize
the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of products and services.
Customer relationship management uses information systems to coordinate all of the
business processes surrounding the firm’s interactions with its customers to optimize
firm revenue and customer satisfaction. Knowledge management systems enable
firms to optimize the creation, sharing, and distribution of knowledge to improve
business processes and management decisions.
Intranets and extranets use Internet technology and standards to assemble information
from various systems and present it to the user in a Web page format. Extranets make
portions of private corporate intranets available to outsiders.
Review Questions
1. What are business processes? What role do they play in organizations? How are
they enhanced by information systems?
A business process is a logically related set of activities that define how specific
business tasks are performed. Business processes are the ways in which organizations
7. coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce their
valuable products or services.
Business processes for the manufacturing and production area include product
assembling, quality checking, and producing bills of materials. For the sales and
marketing area, business processes include identifying customers, making customers
aware of the product, and selling the product. For finance and accounting, business
processes includes paying creditors, creating financial statements, and managing cash
accounts. For human resources, business processes include hiring employees,
evaluating job performance of employees, and enrolling employees in benefits plans.
2. List and describe the information systems serving each of the major functional
areas of a business.
Sales and marketing information systems help the firm identify customers for the
organizations products and services, develop products and services to meet
customers’ needs, promote the products and services, sell the products and services,
and provide ongoing customer support. Specific sales and marketing information
systems include order processing, pricing analysis, and sales trend forecasting.
Manufacturing and production information systems provide information for planning,
product development, production or service scheduling, and controlling the flow of
products and services. Specific manufacturing and production information systems
include machine control, production planning, and facilities location.
Finance and accounting information systems track the organizations financial assets
and fund flows. Financial and accounting systems include accounts receivable,
budgeting, and profit planning.
Human resources information systems maintain employee records; track employee
skills, job performance, and training; and support planning for employee
compensation, including pensions and benefits, legal and regulatory requirements,
and career development. Systems include training and development, compensation
analysis, and human resources planning.
3. What are the characteristics of transaction processing systems? What role do
they play in a business?
Transaction processing systems (TPS) are computerized systems that perform and
record the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; they serve the
organization’s operational level. The principal purpose of systems at this level is to
answer routine questions and to track the flow of transactions through the
organization.
8. • At the operational level, tasks, resources, and goals are predefined and highly
structured.
• Managers need TPS to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm’s
relations with the external environment.
• TPS are also major producers of information for the other types of systems.
• Transaction processing systems are often so central to a business that TPS failure
for a few hours can lead to a firm’s demise and perhaps that of other firms linked
to it.
Examples of transaction processing systems for a university include a registration
system, student transcript system, curriculum class control systems, and an alumni
benefactor system.
4. What are the characteristics of MIS? How do MIS differ from TPS? From DSS?
Middle management needs systems to help with monitoring, controlling, decision-making,
and administrative activities.
• MIS provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current
performance. This information is used to monitor and control the business and
predict future performance.
• MIS summarize and report the company’s basic operations using data supplied by
TPSs. The basic transaction data from TPS are compressed and usually presented
in reports that are produced on a regular schedule.
• MIS serve managers primarily interested in weekly, monthly, and yearly results,
although some MIS enable managers to drill down to see daily or hourly data if
required.
• MIS generally provide answers to routine questions that have been specified in
advance and have a predefined procedure for answering them.
• MIS systems generally are not flexible and have little analytical capability.
• Most MIS use simple routines, such as summaries and comparisons, as opposed to
sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques.
Examples include sales and profit per customer and per region, relocation summary
and analysis, inventory control, capital investment analysis, and even a report on
students who were here in the autumn but did not to return in the spring.
MIS differs from TPS in that MIS deals with summarized and compressed data from
the TPS and sometimes analysis of that summarized data.
While MIS have an internal orientation, DSS will often use data from external
sources, as well as data from TPS and MIS. DSS supports “right now” analysis rather
than the long-term structured analysis of MIS. MIS are generally not flexible and
provide little analytical capabilities. In contrast, DSS are designed for analytical
purposes and are flexible.
9. 5. What are the characteristics of DSS? How do they differ from those of ESS?
Decision-support systems (DSS) support nonroutine decision making for middle
managers.
• DSS provide sophisticated analytical models and data analysis tools to support
semistructured and unstructured decision-making activities.
• DSS use data from TPS, MIS, and external sources, provide more analytical
power than other systems, combine data, and are interactive.
• DSS focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the
procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.
• DSS use a variety of models to analyze data, or they condense large amounts of
data in a form in which decision makers can analyze them. Typically, they
provide the ability to do “what if” analysis.
• DSS use data from TPS, MIS, and external sources, provide more analytical
power than other systems, combine data, and are interactive.
• DSS are designed so that users can work with them directly; these systems
explicitly include user-friendly software.
Executive support systems help senior managers address strategic issues and long-term
trends, both in the firm and in the external environment.
• ESS address nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight
because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution.
• ESS provide a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be
applied to a changing array of problems.
• ESS are designed to incorporate data about external events, such as new tax laws
or competitors, but they also draw summarized information from information
from internal MIS and DSS.
• DSS filter, compress, and track critical data, displaying the data of greatest
importance to senior managers.
• ESS may be less analytical than DSS with less use of models such as linear
programming or forecasting. However, they often rely on external data and rely
heavily on graphics.
6. Describe the relationship between TPS, MIS, DSS, and ESS.
The various types of systems in the organization exchange data with one another. TPS
are typically a major source of data for other systems, especially MIS and DSS. TPS
are operational-level systems that collect transaction data. Examples of these are
payroll or order processing that track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are
necessary to conduct business. TPS provide data that are required by MIS and DSS,
although these systems may also use other data. DSS not only use data from TPS but
also from MIS. MIS rely heavily on data from TPS. ESS are primarily a recipient of
data from lower- level systems. They obtain most of their internal data from MIS and
DSS.
10. 7. Why are organizations trying to integrate their business processes? What are the
four key enterprise applications?
An organization operates in an ever-increasing competitive and global environment.
Operating in a global environment requires an organization to focus on the efficient
execution of its processes, customer service, and speed to market. To accomplish
these goals, the organization must exchange valuable information across different
functions, levels, and business units. By integrating its processes, the organization can
more efficiently exchange information among its functional areas, business units,
suppliers, and customers.
The four key enterprise applications are:
• enterprise systems
• supply chain management systems
• customer relationship management systems
• knowledge management systems
8. What are enterprise systems? How do they benefit businesses?
Enterprise systems integrate the key business processes of an organization into a
single central data repository. Data from various functional areas are maintained
centrally where they can be accessed and used by other functions and cross-functional
processes. This makes it possible for information that was previously fragmented in
different systems to be shared across the firm and for different parts of the business to
work more closely together.
This changes the work flow of an organization.
• Allows information to seamlessly flow throughout the organization, improving
coordination, efficiency, and decision making.
• Speeds the communication of information throughout the company, making it
easier for businesses to coordinate their daily operations.
• Gives companies the flexibility to respond rapidly to customer requests while
producing and stocking inventory only with what is needed to fulfill existing
orders.
• Enables increased accuracy and on-time shipments, minimizes costs, and
increases customer satisfaction that adds to the firm’s profitability.
• Provides much valuable information for improving management decision making.
Corporate headquarters has access to up-to-the-minute data on sales, inventory,
and production and uses this information to create more accurate sales and
production forecasts.
• Provides company-wide information to help managers analyze overall product
profitability or cost structures.
9. What is supply chain management? How do they benefit businesses?
11. Supply chain management systems help businesses manage relationships with their
suppliers. Objective of SCM: get the right amount of products from the companies’
source to their point of consumption with the least amount of time and with the
lowest cost. SCM provide information to help suppliers, purchasing firms,
distributors, and logistics companies share information about orders, production,
inventory levels, and delivery of products and services so that they can source,
produce, and deliver goods and services efficiently. SCM helps organizations achieve
great efficiencies by automating parts of these processes or by helping organizations
rethink and streamline these processes. SCM is important to a business because
through its efficiency it can coordinate, schedule, and control the delivery of products
and services to customers.
Business benefits include: (Table 2–6)
• Decide when and what to produce, store, and move
• Rapidly communicate orders
• Track the status of orders
• Check inventory availability and monitor inventory levels
• Reduce inventory, transportation, and warehousing costs
• Track shipments
• Plan production based on actual customer demand
• Rapidly communicate changes in product design
10. What are customer relationship management systems? How do they benefit
businesses?
Customer relationship management is a business and technology discipline to
coordinate all of the business processes for helping firms manage their relationships
with existing and potential customers. With the growth of the Web, potential
customers can easily comparison shop for retail and wholesale goods and even raw
materials, so better treatment of customers has become very important.
Business benefits include:
• CRM systems provide information to coordinate all the business processes
that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize
revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. This information
helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most profitable customers;
provide better service to existing customers; and increase sales.
• Good CRM systems consolidate customer data from multiple sources and
provide analytical tools for answering questions such as: What is the value of
a particular customer to the firm over his/her lifetime?
• CRM tools integrate the firm’s customer‐related processes and consolidate
customer information from multiple communication channels, so that the
firm can put one coherent face to the customer.
12. • Detailed and accurate knowledge of customers and their preferences helps
firms increase the effectiveness of their marketing campaigns and provide
higher‐quality customer service and support.
11. What is the role of knowledge management systems in the enterprise?
Knowledge management systems enable organizations to better manage processes for
capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. These systems collect all relevant
knowledge and experience in the firm, and make it available wherever and whenever
it is needed to improve business processes and management decisions. They also link
the firm to external sources of knowledge.
• KMS support processes for acquiring, storing, distributing, and applying
knowledge, as well as processes for creating new knowledge and integrating it
into the organization.
• KMS include enterprise-wide systems for managing and distributing documents,
graphics, and other digital knowledge objects; systems for creating corporate
knowledge directories of employees with special areas of expertise; office
systems for distributing knowledge and information; and knowledge work
systems to facilitate knowledge creation.
• KMS use intelligent techniques that codify knowledge and experience for use by
other members of the organization and tools for knowledge discovery that
recognize patterns and important relationships in large pools of data.
• KMS make collected knowledge and experience available when and where it is
needed, and provide links to external sources of knowledge. Organizational
processes include creating knowledge, discovering and codifying knowledge,
sharing knowledge, and distributing knowledge.
12. Describe how the information systems function supports a business. What roles
are played by programmers, systems analysts, information systems managers,
and the chief information officer (CIO)?
The information systems departments is the formal organizational unit responsible for
information technology services. The information systems department is responsible
for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage, and networks that comprise the
firm’s IT infrastructure.
The information systems department consists of specialists, such as programmers,
systems analysts, project leaders, and information systems managers.
Programmers are highly trained technical specialists who write the software
instructions for computers.
Systems analysts constitute the principal liaisons between the information systems
groups and the rest of the organization. The systems analyst’s job is to translate
business problems and requirements into information requirements and systems.
13. Information systems managers are leaders of teams of programmers and analysts,
project managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications mangers, or
database specialists.
Chief information officer (CIO) is a senior manager who oversees the use of
information technology in the firm.
13. Describe alternative ways of organizing the information systems function in a
business.
There are alternative ways of organizing the IT function within a firm.
• A very small company will not have a formal information systems group.
• Large companies will have a separate information systems department, which
may be organized along several different lines, depending on the nature and
interests of the firm.
• Decentralized arrangement where each functional area of the business has its own
information systems department, overseen by a corporate CIO.
• The information systems function may be run as a separate department similar to
the other functional departments.
• Very large firms with multiple divisions and product lines may choose to have an
information systems department for each division reporting to a high-level central
information systems group and CIO.