The document outlines the work plan for forest crop assessment of the Tara Coal Block in Madhya Pradesh, India. It details the methodology, including constituting two teams to take measurements in 73 sample plots over two days using equipment such as a wedge prism and Haga altimeter to determine basal area, height of dominant trees, and site quality. The teams will leave early morning on the 21st of May and require vehicles, motorbikes, and supplies to complete the long-day field work before the onset of monsoon season.
This document provides an overview of different classification systems for crops. It begins by explaining the importance of botanical classification, which is based on structural characteristics and divides plants into kingdoms, divisions, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. It then discusses classification by agronomic use, life cycle, season, climate, photoperiod, growth habit, and pollination type. The key systems covered include classification by food vs. fiber crops, annual vs. perennial crops, temperature zone, photoperiod requirements, determinate vs. indeterminate growth, and self- vs. cross-pollination. Examples are provided for different categories within each system to illustrate how crops can be classified.
Presentation on Mag Green Structured Water Technology in Agricultural Develop...Hooria Shamail Rashid
Applications of Mag Green Structured Water Technology
in Agricultural Development at lowest possible cost.
A Solution to Profitable Agriculture Practices & Reclamation of Saline Land For Food Security
The document outlines different types of agriculture practiced in Tennessee, USA, Bhutan, and other locations. It describes subsistence agriculture, slash and burn agriculture, extensive dry-land agriculture, wet rice agriculture, commercial agriculture including specialized, Mediterranean, and plantation agriculture like cocoa, rubber, banana, and sugarcane plantations.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless connections. The Internet is a global network made up of many smaller interconnected networks owned by various organizations. It uses protocols like TCP/IP to break messages into packets that are routed between networks to their destination, where they are reassembled. Domain Name System (DNS) servers translate between hostnames and numeric IP addresses to route traffic on the Internet.
This document summarizes different types of computer networks including local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). It also describes client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures, as well as common network topologies like bus, ring, and star. Additionally, it outlines different network communication technologies such as intranet, extranet, and internet. The document was created by Sehajbir Singh of Class VIII-E to provide an overview of computer network types, architectures, topologies, and communication technologies.
Health of soil is very important when it comes to gardening or farming. Soil supplies many necessary nutrients required for healthy growth of any crop. The yield is largely dependent on the soil in which the crop grows. So, before cultivation, it is very important to check the soil for its nutrients.
This document summarizes four main irrigation methods: surface irrigation (flooding), sprinkler irrigation (applying water under pressure), drip or trickle irrigation (applying water slowly to the soil), and sub-surface irrigation (flooding water underground). Surface irrigation is the most widely used method, covering 90% of irrigated land. Sprinkler irrigation is ideal for scarce water areas. Drip irrigation conserves water, controls weeds, and applies water at a slow rate matching crop needs. Sub-surface irrigation is used where soil and topography allow watering underground.
This document provides an overview of different classification systems for crops. It begins by explaining the importance of botanical classification, which is based on structural characteristics and divides plants into kingdoms, divisions, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. It then discusses classification by agronomic use, life cycle, season, climate, photoperiod, growth habit, and pollination type. The key systems covered include classification by food vs. fiber crops, annual vs. perennial crops, temperature zone, photoperiod requirements, determinate vs. indeterminate growth, and self- vs. cross-pollination. Examples are provided for different categories within each system to illustrate how crops can be classified.
Presentation on Mag Green Structured Water Technology in Agricultural Develop...Hooria Shamail Rashid
Applications of Mag Green Structured Water Technology
in Agricultural Development at lowest possible cost.
A Solution to Profitable Agriculture Practices & Reclamation of Saline Land For Food Security
The document outlines different types of agriculture practiced in Tennessee, USA, Bhutan, and other locations. It describes subsistence agriculture, slash and burn agriculture, extensive dry-land agriculture, wet rice agriculture, commercial agriculture including specialized, Mediterranean, and plantation agriculture like cocoa, rubber, banana, and sugarcane plantations.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless connections. The Internet is a global network made up of many smaller interconnected networks owned by various organizations. It uses protocols like TCP/IP to break messages into packets that are routed between networks to their destination, where they are reassembled. Domain Name System (DNS) servers translate between hostnames and numeric IP addresses to route traffic on the Internet.
This document summarizes different types of computer networks including local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). It also describes client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures, as well as common network topologies like bus, ring, and star. Additionally, it outlines different network communication technologies such as intranet, extranet, and internet. The document was created by Sehajbir Singh of Class VIII-E to provide an overview of computer network types, architectures, topologies, and communication technologies.
Health of soil is very important when it comes to gardening or farming. Soil supplies many necessary nutrients required for healthy growth of any crop. The yield is largely dependent on the soil in which the crop grows. So, before cultivation, it is very important to check the soil for its nutrients.
This document summarizes four main irrigation methods: surface irrigation (flooding), sprinkler irrigation (applying water under pressure), drip or trickle irrigation (applying water slowly to the soil), and sub-surface irrigation (flooding water underground). Surface irrigation is the most widely used method, covering 90% of irrigated land. Sprinkler irrigation is ideal for scarce water areas. Drip irrigation conserves water, controls weeds, and applies water at a slow rate matching crop needs. Sub-surface irrigation is used where soil and topography allow watering underground.
This document discusses land preparation and tillage practices. It covers the aims of land preparation such as loosening soil, improving aeration and water infiltration. It describes different tillage operations including primary tillage using implements like moldboard plows and disc plows, and secondary tillage using cultivators and harrows. Conservation tillage systems are introduced, including no-tillage, mulch tillage, and ridge tillage. The advantages and disadvantages of animal, human, and machine power for tillage are presented. The document stresses that tillage can impact soil fertility positively or negatively, and should aim for minimum soil disturbance.
A network interface card (NIC) allows computers to connect to a local area network (LAN). The NIC acts as the interface between the computer and the network, handling data transmission and reception. NICs are available for both wired and wireless network connections, with Ethernet and WiFi being common interface standards. The NIC contains a unique MAC address that identifies it on the network and helps direct traffic between connected devices.
CBSE Class-5 lesson 1 Introduction to Early Computersswathivinod
The document summarizes the history of important early calculating and computing devices, including the abacus which was invented over 5,000 years ago, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine from 1822 which had similarities to modern computers, MARK-1 which was the first automatic digital computer created in 1944, and ENIAC which was unveiled in 1946 as the first general-purpose electronic digital computer and was large in size using vacuum tubes.
The document discusses the 12 soil orders in the USDA soil taxonomy system. It provides details on the defining properties and global distribution of each order. Entisols are soils of recent origin with little development, while Inceptisols and Alfisols exhibit more development but lack features of other orders. Mollisols are characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon from long-term plant additions. The document provides an overview of each soil order.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to the five generations of modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculating machines invented in the 17th-18th centuries and how they evolved to use punch cards and electricity. The first general purpose electronic computer, ENIAC, was completed in 1946. The development of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors defined the five generations of computers and led to smaller, faster, and more accessible devices. The fifth generation continues development of artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
This lecture discusses legumes, including their importance as a source of protein and nitrogen fixation. Key points covered include:
- Legumes are an important family of plants that includes beans, peas, lentils and soybeans. They are significant as they fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules containing bacteria.
- Legumes enrich soil fertility as they do not require nitrogen fertilizer. They are rotated with other crops or used as green manure.
- Specific legumes discussed that are important in Egypt include broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, and lupines. Several varieties for each crop developed by the Agricultural Research Center in Egypt are also outlined.
- Cultural practices for growing legumes
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Hemantha Wijewardena, Sri Lankaapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Hemantha Wijewardena, Sri Lanka - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between computers over a medium like telephone lines. Telecommunication includes both digital and analog transmission of data and voice. Data communication is a subset of telecommunication.
A communication network consists of a source that sends messages, a medium like phone lines or fiber optic cables that transmits the data, and a receiver that accepts the messages. Data can be transmitted serially, one bit at a time over a single line, or in parallel, with all bits sent simultaneously over multiple lines.
This presentation clearly explains how the network evolved till now.
this will be helpful to explore the internet world. How do we connect over the internet?
what's the beginning of the network.
More about OSI Models, TCP models protocols, and frame relay concepts.
if you have any queries/suggestions please visit: https://sabarish.techcodes.in/
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
This document provides information on soil classification and taxonomy. It describes the major soil orders including Alfisols, Andisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Gelisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Spodosols, Ultisols, and Vertisols. It also outlines the USDA soil taxonomy hierarchy from order down to soil series and explains the distinguishing characteristics used at each level such as diagnostic horizons, physical and chemical properties, texture, and consistence.
Bees Play an important part in oor lives. This presentation will help understand the history of beekeeping, the products we get from bees and the issues in beekeeping
Soil health deterioration: cause and remediesSharad Sharma
This document discusses deteriorating soil health and potential remedies. It outlines several causes of deteriorating soil health, including intensive farming practices that deplete nutrients, imbalanced fertilizer use, pesticide and herbicide use, deforestation, and acid rain. Potential remedies discussed include integrated nutrient management combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, conservation agriculture practices like mulching and reduced tillage, and site-specific nutrient management. Examples are given showing how these remedies can improve soil properties like organic carbon and water retention capacity, as well as increase crop yields.
This document discusses different types of fertilizer application methods. It describes various nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers and their nutrient contents. It then summarizes different fertilizer application techniques including broadcasting, which applies fertilizers uniformly over the entire field; placement methods like drilling and side dressing, which apply fertilizers in bands close to seeds or plants; and foliar and fertigation application methods, which supply nutrients through leaves or irrigation water. The key methods support efficient nutrient utilization and minimize losses from leaching or fixation in soil.
This document provides guidelines for operating an avocado farm using agroforestry and organic practices. It details various agricultural activities involved in establishing and maintaining an avocado plantation including land preparation, irrigation installation, planting, pruning, pest and disease prevention, pollination through beekeeping, and harvest and post-harvest procedures. Maintaining plant and soil health is emphasized through practices like mulching, cover cropping, and avoiding chemical inputs.
- The document is a temperature conversion table that lists Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures from -40°C to +165°C.
- It also includes information on non-freezing cold injury (NFCI), noting that it has an insidious onset, can be difficult to recognize and treat, and causes significant health issues for both military personnel and civilians working in cold conditions.
- To help reduce cases of NFCI, the document emphasizes the importance of recognizing those at risk, limiting their cold exposure, and using appropriate protective equipment in cold environments.
This document contains tables of critical values for various statistical tests including the z-distribution, t-distribution, chi-square distribution, and F-distribution. The z-distribution table lists critical values for the z-test across different levels of significance. Similarly, the other tables provide critical values for t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and other statistical analyses across different degrees of freedom and significance levels.
This document is a table providing temperature and pressure values for anhydrous ammonia (NH3) over a range of temperatures from -60°F to 120°F. The table lists the temperature in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, along with the corresponding pressure measured in pounds per square inch absolute (PSIA) and gauge (PSIG) and kilograms per square centimeter. Additional information at the bottom provides contact information for SERVICIOS INDUSTRIALES EN REFRIGERACION, S.A. DE C.V., the apparent creator of the table.
This document discusses land preparation and tillage practices. It covers the aims of land preparation such as loosening soil, improving aeration and water infiltration. It describes different tillage operations including primary tillage using implements like moldboard plows and disc plows, and secondary tillage using cultivators and harrows. Conservation tillage systems are introduced, including no-tillage, mulch tillage, and ridge tillage. The advantages and disadvantages of animal, human, and machine power for tillage are presented. The document stresses that tillage can impact soil fertility positively or negatively, and should aim for minimum soil disturbance.
A network interface card (NIC) allows computers to connect to a local area network (LAN). The NIC acts as the interface between the computer and the network, handling data transmission and reception. NICs are available for both wired and wireless network connections, with Ethernet and WiFi being common interface standards. The NIC contains a unique MAC address that identifies it on the network and helps direct traffic between connected devices.
CBSE Class-5 lesson 1 Introduction to Early Computersswathivinod
The document summarizes the history of important early calculating and computing devices, including the abacus which was invented over 5,000 years ago, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine from 1822 which had similarities to modern computers, MARK-1 which was the first automatic digital computer created in 1944, and ENIAC which was unveiled in 1946 as the first general-purpose electronic digital computer and was large in size using vacuum tubes.
The document discusses the 12 soil orders in the USDA soil taxonomy system. It provides details on the defining properties and global distribution of each order. Entisols are soils of recent origin with little development, while Inceptisols and Alfisols exhibit more development but lack features of other orders. Mollisols are characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon from long-term plant additions. The document provides an overview of each soil order.
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to the five generations of modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculating machines invented in the 17th-18th centuries and how they evolved to use punch cards and electricity. The first general purpose electronic computer, ENIAC, was completed in 1946. The development of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors defined the five generations of computers and led to smaller, faster, and more accessible devices. The fifth generation continues development of artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
This lecture discusses legumes, including their importance as a source of protein and nitrogen fixation. Key points covered include:
- Legumes are an important family of plants that includes beans, peas, lentils and soybeans. They are significant as they fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules containing bacteria.
- Legumes enrich soil fertility as they do not require nitrogen fertilizer. They are rotated with other crops or used as green manure.
- Specific legumes discussed that are important in Egypt include broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, and lupines. Several varieties for each crop developed by the Agricultural Research Center in Egypt are also outlined.
- Cultural practices for growing legumes
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Hemantha Wijewardena, Sri Lankaapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Hemantha Wijewardena, Sri Lanka - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between computers over a medium like telephone lines. Telecommunication includes both digital and analog transmission of data and voice. Data communication is a subset of telecommunication.
A communication network consists of a source that sends messages, a medium like phone lines or fiber optic cables that transmits the data, and a receiver that accepts the messages. Data can be transmitted serially, one bit at a time over a single line, or in parallel, with all bits sent simultaneously over multiple lines.
This presentation clearly explains how the network evolved till now.
this will be helpful to explore the internet world. How do we connect over the internet?
what's the beginning of the network.
More about OSI Models, TCP models protocols, and frame relay concepts.
if you have any queries/suggestions please visit: https://sabarish.techcodes.in/
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
This document provides information on soil classification and taxonomy. It describes the major soil orders including Alfisols, Andisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Gelisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Spodosols, Ultisols, and Vertisols. It also outlines the USDA soil taxonomy hierarchy from order down to soil series and explains the distinguishing characteristics used at each level such as diagnostic horizons, physical and chemical properties, texture, and consistence.
Bees Play an important part in oor lives. This presentation will help understand the history of beekeeping, the products we get from bees and the issues in beekeeping
Soil health deterioration: cause and remediesSharad Sharma
This document discusses deteriorating soil health and potential remedies. It outlines several causes of deteriorating soil health, including intensive farming practices that deplete nutrients, imbalanced fertilizer use, pesticide and herbicide use, deforestation, and acid rain. Potential remedies discussed include integrated nutrient management combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, conservation agriculture practices like mulching and reduced tillage, and site-specific nutrient management. Examples are given showing how these remedies can improve soil properties like organic carbon and water retention capacity, as well as increase crop yields.
This document discusses different types of fertilizer application methods. It describes various nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers and their nutrient contents. It then summarizes different fertilizer application techniques including broadcasting, which applies fertilizers uniformly over the entire field; placement methods like drilling and side dressing, which apply fertilizers in bands close to seeds or plants; and foliar and fertigation application methods, which supply nutrients through leaves or irrigation water. The key methods support efficient nutrient utilization and minimize losses from leaching or fixation in soil.
This document provides guidelines for operating an avocado farm using agroforestry and organic practices. It details various agricultural activities involved in establishing and maintaining an avocado plantation including land preparation, irrigation installation, planting, pruning, pest and disease prevention, pollination through beekeeping, and harvest and post-harvest procedures. Maintaining plant and soil health is emphasized through practices like mulching, cover cropping, and avoiding chemical inputs.
- The document is a temperature conversion table that lists Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures from -40°C to +165°C.
- It also includes information on non-freezing cold injury (NFCI), noting that it has an insidious onset, can be difficult to recognize and treat, and causes significant health issues for both military personnel and civilians working in cold conditions.
- To help reduce cases of NFCI, the document emphasizes the importance of recognizing those at risk, limiting their cold exposure, and using appropriate protective equipment in cold environments.
This document contains tables of critical values for various statistical tests including the z-distribution, t-distribution, chi-square distribution, and F-distribution. The z-distribution table lists critical values for the z-test across different levels of significance. Similarly, the other tables provide critical values for t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and other statistical analyses across different degrees of freedom and significance levels.
This document is a table providing temperature and pressure values for anhydrous ammonia (NH3) over a range of temperatures from -60°F to 120°F. The table lists the temperature in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, along with the corresponding pressure measured in pounds per square inch absolute (PSIA) and gauge (PSIG) and kilograms per square centimeter. Additional information at the bottom provides contact information for SERVICIOS INDUSTRIALES EN REFRIGERACION, S.A. DE C.V., the apparent creator of the table.
This document provides specifications for different types of steel sheets, including their common qualities, chemical compositions, mechanical properties, most frequent applications, and technical dimensions and weights. It includes data on cold rolled, hot rolled, galvanized, and non-slip steel sheets. Dimension tables are provided for various thicknesses and sizes.
optimizing the building facade according to the humid climate of the city of Alexandria /Egypt , using multiple wall types along with the tight air infiltration to minimize the need to mechanical HVAC system , hope you like it
This document contains standard pump dimension specifications for various ACCA pump models. It includes the model number, dimensions for each part of the pump including suction, discharge, and overall size, as well as the weight in pounds for each model. The dimensions are presented in a table with the model number, size specs, and weight to concisely provide the key technical specifications for ACCA pumps in one document.
This document contains tables with information about steel beams and columns including:
- Dimensions and cross-sectional areas of different steel beam and column sizes
- Weights in kg/m of steel beams and columns
- Cross-sectional areas in cm^2 of steel plates
- Dimensions are given in mm and information is provided for a range of standard sizes.
The document analyzes the statistical processing of maximum daily rainfall data from the Huancabamba weather station from 1971-2009. It includes the monthly rainfall values in millimeters for each year. The purpose is to obtain rainfall values for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 years by statistically processing the data on maximum 24-hour rainfall.
This document discusses rainfall (presipitasi) in Indonesia. It defines presipitasi as water falling from the atmosphere to Earth's surface, including rain, snow, fog, dew and hail. In tropical areas like Indonesia, the main contributor is rain. Rain occurs when moist air rising in the atmosphere cools and condenses. Factors like wind, temperature, atmospheric and local pressures influence rainfall amounts. The types of rain discussed are convective (from air masses lifted by heating), cyclonic (from uneven solar heating creating pressure systems), and orographic (from moist air lifted over mountains). Methods for measuring and analyzing rainfall data using rainfall stations are also outlined.
Study on baltim field,b.sc graduation project 2015, by atam teamPE Mahmoud Jad
This document discusses petroleum engineering as a career. It covers the following key points:
- Petroleum engineering involves the production of hydrocarbons like oil and gas. It covers activities from exploration and production to refining.
- The field requires knowledge of disciplines like geology, geophysics, drilling, reservoir simulation, and economics. Engineers also need skills in using computer systems and automation.
- Duties of petroleum engineers include locating drill sites, setting up extraction machinery, and overseeing safe and efficient extraction and processing of petroleum products.
R4 Sant Vicenç de Calders - Manresa, per Barcelona i SabadellPsc Polinyà
This document contains a schedule for the R4 train line between Sant Vicenç de Calders and Manresa, stopping in Vilafranca del Penedès. The schedule lists departure times from both locations between 4:56 AM and 1:10 PM on weekdays, with trains leaving each station approximately every 30 minutes. The last three sentences provide contact information for Rodalies de Catalunya, including their website, Twitter account, phone number, and address.
The document provides steps for cleaning a refrigeration system after a compressor burnout. It discusses recovering the refrigerant from the system, testing it for contaminants using a blend fractionation test, and determining if non-condensable gases are present. If the refrigerant passes the tests, it can be reused in the cleaned system. Otherwise, the refrigerant must be properly disposed of and new refrigerant added to the cleaned system.
This document summarizes the hydrological modeling and analysis of the Coata River basin located in Puno, Peru. Key points:
- The GR2M hydrological model was calibrated on the Coata River basin from 1971-1994, achieving Nash coefficients of 84.99% for streamflow.
- The model was validated on data from 1995-2006, with Nash coefficients of 89.55% for streamflow, indicating good model performance.
- Precipitation in the sub-basins was estimated using Kriging interpolation. Mean monthly streamflows were then generated for a designated intake point in the basin.
This document provides details about a thesis seminar on studying stability and genetic diversity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under terminal heat stress. The student and advisory committee are listed. Two objectives are stated: 1) To estimate stability among faba bean genotypes under terminal heat, and 2) To estimate genetic diversity among genotypes under terminal heat. Materials, including 35 genotypes, and 3 test environments are described. Meteorological data for the crop period is provided in a table. Traits that will be measured are listed. The document presents an analysis of variance table for the traits across environments and genotypes. Tables of stability analysis for days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering across environments for each genotype are also shown.
This document provides information about the SACHETANA natural resource management project in Mundargi Taluk, Karnataka. The project aims to improve livelihoods for 1200 families in 9 villages through watershed development and management activities over 4675 hectares. Activities include land development, water harvesting structures, tree planting, livelihood support, training, and self-help group formation. Data on rainfall, drainage, soil type and water quality in the area is presented. Achievements to date include constructing 1184 farm ponds, treating 2610 hectares of land, and increasing water availability in wells and streams.
This document is a lunar calendar for Ecuador in 2017. It shows the lunar phase percentages for each day of the month from January to December. The percentages range from 0% to 100% to indicate the illumination of the moon each night from new moon to full moon and back to new moon over the course of each month.
This document is a product catalog from Texas Flange & Fitting Supply that provides information on various types of flanges. It lists contact information for their Illinois and Houston offices. The bulk of the document consists of specifications and dimensional drawings for ANSI flanges in various classes and materials as well as other flange types like boiler code, AWWA, and long weld necks. It aims to provide engineers and buyers with technical details to facilitate product selection and purchase.
This document provides a table listing the weights in kilograms per meter of seamless steel tubes of varying diameters and wall thicknesses according to DIN 2448. The table includes the outer diameter, standard wall thickness, weight in kg/m, and other dimensional specifications for over 50 tube sizes ranging from 10.2 mm outer diameter up to 558.8 mm outer diameter.
Similar to 8. TREE ENUMERATION, CROP ASSESSMENT, BASAL AREA DETERMINATION, PHOTOGRAPHY & VIDEOGRAPHY (20)
10 . "Forest Clearance" under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980 and linkage with...RavindraSaksena
The document outlines the procedure for seeking approval to divert forest land for non-forest purposes under Section 3(2) of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. Key steps in the process include a user agency submitting a proposal to the gram sabha for a resolution, submitting to the Range Forest Officer for inspection and approval, sending to the Divisional Forest Officer for a decision within 4 weeks, and potential escalation to the District Level Committee for a final decision. Quarterly reporting up to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is also required.
7. MINING LEASE, RECLAMATION PLANNING AND SAFETY ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN.RavindraSaksena
The "forest application" under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 also require clarity on "mining leases", acquire under the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957; Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition & Development) Act, 1957 or Coal Areas Special Provisions Act, 2015.
The applicant is required to submit "lease covenant" of explain the absence of the document. Details of reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence, geological reports, geological or extractable reserves, opencast versus underground mining, phase-wise mining possible or not, land subsidence report in case of underground mines, mining plan - duly sanctioned by the Ministry of Coal of Indian Bureau of Mines or the State Government.
Reclamation Plan along with maps, phase-wise technical and biological reclamation of mined-out areas, ultimate mine pit, if any.
Safety Zone Management plan, Landscape Management Plan, etc. for consideration by the "Forest Appraisal Committee" (FAC) under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
6. THE FOREST (CONSERVATION) MAPS, BIODIVERSITY INDEXING, WILDLIFE IMPACT ASS...RavindraSaksena
This document provides an overview of the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 and its implementation and relationship to mining leases. It discusses that most coal blocks in India are located in forest areas, and the Act provides a framework for assessing cases for forest diversion for mining projects. However, parameters for assessment have been artificial and complicated. Over 500 coal blocks are located in forests but diversion of around 0.04% of forest land could meet energy targets without major ecological impacts if effective mitigation planning is implemented. The document examines issues around wildlife corridors and presents maps and analysis of forest and coal block locations.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 in India. It discusses key aspects of the act such as its objectives to conserve wildlife habitat and protected species. It outlines national and state-level protected areas and species. It also summarizes provisions regarding offenses against wildlife, penalties, and rules framed under the act regarding licensing and management of protected areas and species. The presentation discusses the constitutional context and amendments of the act over time to strengthen wildlife conservation in India.
All "deforestations or diversion" of forest areas including reserve forests, protected forests, unclassed forests, revenue forests, dictionary meaning of forests and DLC lands require "prior approval" under Section-2(ii) of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 from the Government of India. The State Governments are not having any power for this purpose.
The "mining leases" cannot be operate unless the "diversion order" has been obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change. The mining leases can be executed under the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957; Coal Bearing (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 or transfer of old leases etc. all require prior sanction of the Government of India.
For submitting the technical and legal proposal, guidance has been provide to the greenfield project investors. The presentation shall shall be useful for the understanding of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
3 THE INDIAN FOREST ACT, 1927 LAND MATTERS AND BLANKET NOTIFICATIONSRavindraSaksena
The reserve forest and protected forest and unclassed forests areas are defined under Indian Forest Act, 1927. The order dated 12th December, 1996 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court defines "forests of dictionary meaning". The various States are having different "definition" of "dictionary meaning of forests". During 19th Centuary different Provincial Governments and Princely State notified "forests under blanket notification" (without formal area specific notifications) - Thus understanding is must for smooth operation and legal compliance.
All proposals under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 require details of "forest crop", crown density, forest crop assessment Biodiversity Indexing, limitations of the satellite imageries for assessment
The subject of "forests and wildlife" are placed in the List-III, Concurrent List, Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. The Article-351 and 354 provides that the State Governments and State Assemblies cannot take any decision repugnant to the Central Acts.
All mining activities require "forest clearance" under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; "environment clearance" under teh Environment Impact assessment Notification, 2006 (under revision) and "wildlife clearance" under Section-38O9g) of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
The forest areas are also impacted by Forest Rights Act, 2006 and Panchayati Raj Extension to Scheduled Areas Act, 1996.
Thus it is necessary to under the holistic "legal framework" to carry-out mining in forest areas.
3 Pure & Applied Aspect of Forest Conservation ActRavindraSaksena
This document provides an overview of the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 and its ramifications for mining leases in India. Some key points:
- The Act aims to conserve forests and requires central government approval for diversion of forest land for non-forest uses like mining.
- Mining leases granted before 1980 don't require approval to mine already broken land, but new breaking of forest land does. Renewed leases also require approval.
- The Act applies to all recorded forest areas, not just those notified as such. It restricts de-notification and assignment of forest land.
- Case law has established the Act seeks to prevent deforestation and that its provisions must be compl
2 Forest Types working plans_limitation of satellite imageriesRavindraSaksena
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Presentation on "Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 –
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8. Work Plan for the Basal Area Calculation, Height
Determination of Stands and Video-graphy of
Tara Coal Block
1. As decided in the inspection by “Forest Appraisal Committee” on 15th May, 2011;
the following forest crop assessment exercise shall be undertaken on 21 and 22
May, 2011. These dates have been selected to finish the job before onset of
monsoon.
2. The crop assessment shall be carried out on the basis of following parameters:
• Basal Area Calculation by use of Wedge Prism and analysis of crop in the context
of “Sal Yield Table”.
• Height Determination of Stands by Haga Altimeter to determine Site Quality and
ultimate calculation of “Growing Stock”.
• Video-graphy and still photography of 73 sample plots.
9. 3. Methodology:
To expedite the crop assessment operations, 2 teams shall be constituted.
Carrying all equipments for crop assessment purposes.
• Team Leaders shall determine the intersection of 73 sample plots (Sh. Patra to carry Garmin
GPS with him). At the intersection 2 teams shall take readings of Wedge Prism and Haga
Altimeter. Each team would require 2 persons for recording readings of Wedge Prism and
Haga Altimeter; 1 person for showing placard of sample plot / compartment number. The
working hours are likely to be long, thus it is proposed to keep some persons in reserve
also. Both the teams require at least 3 persons through the day in fighting fit physical
conditions.
• The teams would cover at least some sample plots of all the compartments. Don’t want to
provide a chance to “Forest Appraisal Committee” (FAC) to doubt our credentials.
• The teams shall leave Ambikapur by 7.00hrs on 21st May, 2011.For travelling the teams shall
require 2 vehicles (one may be Mahindra diesel jeep for faster travel inside forests). The
teams shall require 2 motorbikes to travel inside forest fast.
• Each team shall require 1 attendant to carry bags, records and other things.
• Requested to arrange water (including water bottles), cold drinks and some snacks at the
site; because this is summer and long working hours may require fresh doze of energy
frequently.
• Would do video-graphy myself and still photography shall be carried out by my team mate.
11. Tree Enumeration and computation of Growing Stock
and Basal Area
1 2 3 4 5 6
Name of
village
Sample Plot
No.
Number of
trees found
in 21-30
cms girth
class in
treatment
type
Number of
trees found
in 31-40
cms girth
class in
treatment
type
Number of
trees found
in 41-60
cms girth
class in
treatment
type
Number of
trees found
in 61-80
cms girth
class in
treatment
type
Compartment
12. 7 8 9 10 11
Number of
trees found in
81-100 cms
girth class in
treatment type
Number of
trees found in
101-120 cms
girth class in
treatment type
Number of
trees found in
121-150 cms
girth class in
treatment type
Number of
trees found in
151-180 cms
girth class in
treatment type
Number of
trees found in
above 180 cms
girth class in
treatment type
13. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Name of village Sample Plot No. Number of trees found in
21-30 cms girth class in
treatment type
Number of trees found in
31-40 cms girth class in
treatment type
Number of trees found in
41-60 cms girth class in
treatment type
Number of trees found in
61-80 cms girth class in
treatment type
Villages
7 8 9 10 11
Number of trees found in 81-100 cms
girth class in treatment type
Number of trees found in 101-120
cms girth class in treatment type
Number of trees found in 121-150
cms girth class in treatment type
Number of trees found in 151-180
cms girth class in treatment type
Number of trees found in above 180
cms girth class in treatment type
14. Sample
Points
(Old)
New Points Compartm
ent No.
Degree lat. & long UTM Co-ordinates
(44N)
Latitude Longitude Easting Northing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Date of
Exercise
Wedge Prism Counting Wedge
Prism
Factor
Basal area
sq meter
per ha.
Fully Tally Half Tally Zero Tally Total
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Average
height of
dominant
trees
(determined
by
Hagaaltimet
er)
Mean Site
Quality
correspondi
ng to CG site
quality
Height of
forest stand
at average
age of 100
ears (in
meters)*
Basal area
(sq. Meter
per ha.)
correspondi
ng to crop
age 100-
140 years
Crop age Ruling
crown
density
Comments
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
15.
16.
17. * N.B. Kind attention invited to blanks, under stocked and encroachments
Alternate Mining Area in Revised Proposal
19. Non- statutory Amendments / Reforms
Project Impact Assessment with reference to “porosity”
and ‘fragmentation” of forest crop.
Specify limited role of “EAC (Mining & Coal)” in forest and
wildlife matters – causing duplication of
work without any utility / justification.
“Expert appraisal Committee” (EAC) not having any role in
Landscape Management Plan, Reclamation Plan,
“Wildlife Habitat Conservation Plan”, biodiversity
indexing etc.
Get prepared State / District / Regional Mining Strategies
for clarity of vision or deciding priority areas – cover
about 60 mineral rich districts.
Thorough crop assessment before deciding NO-GO
areas. Parameter of satellite imagery cannot be acceptable.
Geo-coordinates in all maps for meticulous assessment.
20. Non- statutory Amendments Reforms
Adequate still photography of forest crop – crown,
stem and ground to make status clear.
Adequate video-graphy to demonstrate crop
conditions, site quality, crown density, stem conditions,
status of regeneration, status of biodiversity, use of
habitat by wildlife, basal area calculation, as evidence
to substantiate yield table projections etc.
Mandatory screening of video-film of diversion area
before FAC and SAG.
State Advisory Group (SAG) should be a permanent
body like FAC. Frequent change of members is
detrimental to the cause of site assessment.
Drastically reduce processing levels – ministerial staff
and Secretariat staff cannot contribute to processing
except delay & confusion.
21. Non- statutory Amendments / Reforms
No site inspection during monsoon period i.e. Jul to
October. Monsoon provides wrong parameters for
assessment.
Impose area-wise “processing fee”, use this fund for
data generation. Sell data to project proponent for
saving time.
Annual monitoring of mining sites by satellite
imageries – monitoring of demarcation violation and
progress of reclamation operations are possible.
Punish violation of “forest demarcation” under Indian
Forest Act, 1927. Cognizable offence, stringent law.
Assess “Nistar & livelihood issues of local
communities”. Compensate loss of livelihood.
RET species – No vague comments, use and quantify
RET species under IUCN criteria.
22. Non- statutory Amendments / Reforms for Monitoring
Annual monitoring of mining sites by remote
sensing / satellite imageries – monitoring of
demarcation violation and progress of
reclamation operations are possible.
Constitute Monitoring Committee under Principal
Chief Conservator of Forest, Nodal Officer FCA as
Member Secretary.
Collect seeds from “plus trees” of felling area for
plantation to maintain “genetic pool” of the area.
Compulsory submission of annual “Monitoring
Report” to MOEF.
Capacity Building of assessing officers and
machinery – administrative and technical angles.
27. Forest Types of the Diversion Area
Conform to “Champion and Seth’s classification” (1967), to
following forest types:
1. 3C/C-2-E :Moist Peninsular High Level Sal Forests.
2. 5A/C-3 : Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests.
29. Non- statutory Amendments Reforms
Prepare cause list of cases to be listed before State Advisory
Group and Forest Appraisal Committee.
Make presentation compulsory before State Advisory Group,
Forest Appraisal Committee and Environment Assessment
Committee. The discussion should be compulsorily video-
graphed for transparency.
Several members of these assessment committees are not
having technical qualification, don’t possess any specialization,
often don’t have right type of mind-set for rational development
of the country. Appoint members with utmost care and after
thorough verification of their antecedents.
Assess quality of timber in the adjoining felling coupes /
relevant timber depot to decide future of crop.
Examine “water quality” for toxins & silt load particularly down
stream of metallic mines, tailing ponds, ash-dykes and
beneficiation plants – large scale mortality of trees taking place.
32. Kanchan Chopra in the Institute of Economic Growth in compliance of
the order dated 26.09.2005 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in
IA No. 566 in WP(c) No. 202 of 1995: charging of Net Present Value
(NPV) of forest land; conduct of regional hearing by the Committee-
regarding. 167
With reference to the subject mentioned above, I am directed to say that the
Hon'ble supreme Court of India, vide its order dated 26.09.2005 in I.A. No.
566 in WP (c No. 202 of 1995, has constituted an Expert Committee, as
mentioned above, to go inter-alia, into the issue of exemption of projects
from payment of NPV, methodology for determination of NPV of different
categories of forest land and to suggest definite criteria for its calculation in
monetary terms. The committee has decided to conduct public hearings in
new Delhi, as well as in Bangalore (16th January 2006), Guwahati (28th
January 2006), Ahmadabad (11th February 2006) and Bhubaneswar (26th
February 2006) to elicit views of various stakeholders to help formulate a
balanced and comprehensive report on the issue. The Committee shall be
visiting Bangalore, Guwahati, Ahmadabad and Bhubaneswar to conduct the
meetings on the dates mentioned above.
33. • 2. In this connection, the CCFs (Central) in the concerned Regional
Officers of this Ministry are requested to co-ordinate with the
concerned State Forest Department to decide the venue of the
hearing to be conducted by the Expert Committee and make other
related arrangements. Arrangements for boarding and lodging of the
Committee Members and other official accompanying the Committee
may be made, if so requested by the Committee, at the cost of the
Committee.
•
• 3. The concerned Principal Chief conservator of Forests are also
requested to extend full support to the CCFs Central in the respective
Regional office of this Ministry, in making necessary arrangements for
conduct of the meeting. Needless to mention that the Members of
the Expert Committee constituted by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of
India deserve appropriate support and assistance).
34. Sub.: Realization of NPV for the forest land diverted under the
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 where stage-I approval was
accorded before 30th October 2012 and stage-II approval was
accorded later. 116
• I am directed to say that the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in their order dated
15.09.2006 inter-alia directed that N.P.V. is required to be recovered in all cases
approved by the Ministry for change of user under the Forest (Conservation) Act
after 29th / 30th October, 2002, irrespective of the date on which in-principle
(stage one) clearance may have been granted. In principle (stage one) approval
cannot amount to grant of permission under the Forest (Conservation) Act.
• Accordingly, it is requested that the State / UT Government may kindly realize the
NPV of the forest land in all such cases and transfer the same to the ad-hoc
CAMPA within a period of sixty days from the date of issue of this letter, and
submit a statement containing details of realization and transfer in ad-hoc CAMPA
of the NPV of such forest land to this Ministry. In case of non-receipt in ad-hoc
CAMPA of NPV of the any such forest land, this Ministry inter-alia will initiate
process to withdraw approval accorded under the Forest (Conservation) Act,
1980 for diversion of such forest land.
35. non-forestry purposes under Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980-Guidelines for collection
of Net Present Value (NPV). 147 HSC order March 28,
2008.
• The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has been
receiving representations from different States seeking detailed
clarification and guidelines on the above mentioned subject in the light of
the Supreme Court Judgment dated 28.03.2008 revising he general rates of
NPV and various other order defining differential rates for various
categories of projects.
•
• After careful examination of the issue, i am directed to inform that the
Hon’ble Supreme Court of India vide its judgment dated 28.03.2008, has
re-fixed the rates of Net Present Value (NPV) on the basis of scientific data
taking in view the ecological role and value of the forests. The 16 major
forest types have been re-grouped into 6 ecological classes depending
upon their ecological functions.
36. • Eco-Class I Consisting of Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests, Tropical Semi
Evergreen Forests and Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
• Eco-Class IIConsisting of Littoral and Swamp Forests.
• Eco-Class III Consisting of Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
• Eco-Class IV Consisting of Tropical thorn Forests and Tropical Dry
Evergreen Forests.
• Eco-Class V Consisting of Sub-Tropical Broad Leaved Hill Forests,
Sub-Tropical Pine Forests and Sub-Tropical Dry Evergreen
Forests.
• Eco-Class VI Consisting of Montance Wet Temperate Forests.
Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests, Himalayan Dry
Temperate Forests, Sub Alpine Forest. Moist Alpine Scrub
and Dry Alpine Scrub.
37. • Based on the ecological importance of forest falling in different eco-value and canopy density classes, relative weightage factors
have also been taken into consideration. By using these relative weightage factors, the
equalized forest area in eco-value Class-I and very dense forest corresponding to forest falling in different
eco-value and density classes have been compiled. The net present value per hectare of forest has been
fixed based on this data. For calculating the average net percent value per hectare of forest in India, the following
monetary value of goods and services provided by the forest have been considered:
•
•
• i) Value of timer and fuel wood.
• ii) Value of Non Timber Forest Products (NTEP)
• iii) Value of fodder.
• iv) Value of Eco-tourism.
• v) Value of bio-prospecting.
• vi) Value of Ecological services of forest
• vii) Value of Flagship Species.
• viii) Carbon Sequestration Value.
•
38. S. No. Eco-Value Class and NPV rates in Rs.
Class I Class II Class III Class
IV
Class V Class
VI
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. Very Dense
Forest
10,43,00
0
10,43,00
0
8,87,000 6,26,00
0
9,39,00
0
9,91,00
0
2. Dense
Forest
9,39,000 9,39,000 8,03,000 5,63,00
0
8,45,00
0
8,97,00
0
3. Open Forest 7,30,000 7,30,000 6,26,000 4,38,00
0
6,57,00
0
6,00,00
0
(i) For non-forestry use/diversion of forest land, the NPV may be directed to be deposited in the Compensatory Afforestation Fund as per the rates given below:
N.B. The NPV rate fixed would hold good for a period of three years and is subject to variation after three years as per the Supreme Court’s judgment dated 28.0
39. (ii) The use of forest land falling in National parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries
will be permissible only in totally unavoidable circumstances for public
interest projects and after obtaining permission from the Hon’ble Court.
Such permissions may be considered on payment of an amount equal to
en times in the case of National Parks and five times in the case of
Sanctuaries respectively of the NPV payable for such areas. The use
of non-forest land falling within the National Parks and Wildlife
Sanctuaries may be permitted on payment of an amount equal to the
NPV payable for the adjoining forest area. In respect In respect of non-
forest land falling within marine National parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries,
the amount may be fixed at five times the NPV payable for the
adjoining forest area:
40. • d) Different criteria for underground mining and over ground
mining
• The Court ordered that for underground mining fifty percent of
the NPV amount is to be paid with an undertaking to pay the balance
amount later. As regards over ground mining one hundred
percent amount of the NPV is to be paid108. After the payment
by the mining activities in the various coal fields. This has been
further clarified later where now only fifty percent of the NPV is
required to be paid for underground mining109.
41. Net Present Value
• g) New guidelines for payment of Net Present Value115
• The NPV rate presently approved by SC would be applicable for a period of
three years and after that revision is permissible. The new NPV rates are
applicable to future projects. One of the significant development is that
use oof forest land falling in National Parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries has become
more prohibitive by imposition of a condition that prior permission of the Court is
required and use would only be permitted in public interest and after payment
of NPV of an amount equal to ten times in the case of National Parks and
five times in the case of Sanctuaries. The use of non forest land falling within
the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries would be permitted on payment
of an amount equal to the NPV payable for the adjoining forest area. In respect
of non forest land falling "within marine National Parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries,
the amount payable is fixed at five times the NPV payable for the adjoining
forest area."
42. • Sub. : Clearance under forest (Conservation) Act, 1980:
• Deposition of funds with Ad-hoc-CMPA:
• Remittances to precede 2nd stage clearance.
43. Sub.: Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forestry purposes
under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; Net Present Value of
the diverted forest land for underground – clarification, regarding. 182
• The Ministry of Environment and Forests has received various representations seeking
clarification regarding payment of the Net present Value (NPV) of the diverted forest land
under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 for the purpose of underground mining.
•
• In this connection, I am directed to say that NPV is chargeable in all cases of
diversion of forest land under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 in compliance of the
orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India dated 3010.2002 and 01.08.2003 in IA No.
566 in WP (C) No. 202/1995 and as per the guidelines issued by this Ministry vide letter
No. 5-1/98-FC (Pt. II) dated 18.09.2003 and 22.09.2003 in this regard. Kindly refer to this
Ministry's letter No. 2-1/2003-FC (Part-IV) dated 07.12.2004 wherein it has already been
clarified that extraction of minerals, etc, from an underground mine amounts to breaking
up of fresh forest land, and hence, it requires diversion under the Forest (Conservation)
Act, 1980. This being so, NPV becomes chargeable in all cases of underground mining
as well as other underground works for which forest land is diverted under the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
44. This issues in suppression of Ministry's letter No. 11-13/2004-FC dated
23rd June 2004 regarding charging of NPV for underground works
including underground mining.
45. Sub.: Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forest
purposes under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 –
Clarification of Net Present Value in compliance with the
orders of the Supreme Court dated: 30.102002 in IA No.
566 in Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995-Clarification thereof. 203
Sub.: Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes
under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 – Clarification of Net
Present Value in compliance with the orders of the Supreme Court
dated: 30.102002 in IA No. 566 in Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995-
Clarification thereof. 203
46. • (xiii) In-principle approval granted after 30.10.2002 but final approval
is yet to be granted;
• (xiv) In-principle approval granted after 30.10.2002 and final approval
has also been granted subsequently;
• (xv) In those cases where in-principle approval was not required,
single final approval has been granted after 30.10.2002.
• Further, Net Present Value of diverted forest land shall not be
charged in those cases where in-principle or final approval has been
granted prior to 30.10.2002.
• The State Government is requested to ensure the circulation of
the clarification to avoid any confusion at the field level. If any action
incoherent with the guidelines has already been taken at the field
level, the State Government may resort to necessary rectification
measures to avoid harassment of the user agencies.
• These issues with the approval of the competent authority.
47. Sub.: Supreme Court order dated 16.09.2005 in IA No. 1000 in
Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995 – Jamwa Ramgarh
Sanctuary matter. 176
• Please find enclosed herewith a copy of the above-mentioned order
of the supreme Court, which reads as follows:
• "........ we again reiterate that without compliance of the
environmental laws, in particular the permission under Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980, no Temporary Working Permission or
Temporary Permit or any other permission by whatever name called
shall be granted for mining activities in the aforesaid areas (National
Parks, Sanctuaries and Forest area.) We further direct that no mining
activity would continue under any Temporary Working Permit or
Permission which may have been granted........".
48. In compliance with the aforesaid order, the Central Government
hereby, directs you to stop all mining operations in forests area which
are running on the strength of Temporary Working Permission (TWP)
granted by the Ministry, with immediate effect till further orders. Only
those mines shall be allowed to operate who have got clearances under
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, and the environment (Protection) Act,
1986 and have complied with the conditions stipulated by the Central
Government. Further, in continuation of this Ministry's letters No. 11-
9/98-FC dated 04.05.2001 and 24.11.2003 and aforesaid order of the
Apex Court, it is reiterated that all mining operations in National Parks
and Sanctuaries shall continue to remain suspended.
49. Sub.: Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forestry
purposes under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980-
Clarification regarding realization of NPV for proposals
involving underground works. 196
Kindly refer to this office Lr. No. 5-1/98-FC (part.II) dated: 18.09.2003
vide which the guidelines for collection of Net Present Value was
issued. In this regard it is clarified that this condition shall not be
applicable in those project areas where underground works are to be
undertaken and no surface right have been given and no deforestation
is involved. However, if the forest area is broken up for making any
opening for underground works the NPV shall be payable for such
breaking up of forest land.
50. Sub.: Guidelines for diversion of forest land for non-forestry purposes
under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980-Clarification regarding
realization of NPV for proposals involving underground works. 196
Kindly refer to this office Lr. No. 5-1/98-FC (part.II) dated: 18.09.2003
vide which the guidelines for collection of Net Present Value was
issued. In this regard it is clarified that this condition shall not be
applicable in those project areas where underground works are to be
undertaken and no surface right have been given and no deforestation
is involved. However, if the forest area is broken up for making any
opening for underground works the NPV shall be payable for such
breaking up of forest land.