The document discusses different types of software used in the compilation and execution process of a computer program. It describes compilers, interpreters, linkers, and loaders.
Compilers translate source code into executable machine code, while interpreters convert and execute source code line-by-line. Linkers combine object files into a single executable file, resolving references between modules. Loaders load the executable into memory and start execution by setting the starting address. The document also discusses different types of system software, application software, and utility software.
Topics Covered:
Linker: Types of Linker:
Loaders : Types of loader
Example of Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Object Module
Difference between Static and Dynamic Binding
Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Program Relocatability
Description of all types of Loaders from System programming subjects.
eg. Compile-Go Loader
General Loader
Absolute Loader
Relocating Loader
Practical Relocating Loader
Linking Loader
Linker Vs. Loader
general relocatable loader
Language processing involves analyzing a source program and synthesizing an equivalent target program. The analysis phase involves lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis of source code based on language rules. The synthesis phase constructs target program structures and generates target code to have the same meaning as the source code. Language processors perform analysis and synthesis in separate passes due to issues like forward references and memory management, using an intermediate representation between passes.
The document discusses compiler design options and the differences between compilers and interpreters. It states that a compiler converts a high-level language program into machine code all at once, while an interpreter converts the program line-by-line at runtime. Compilers generally execute programs faster but take longer to compile, while interpreters execute more slowly but can compile incrementally and debug line-by-line. The document also covers pure and impure interpreters, p-code compilers, and the roles of compilers and interpreters.
An assembler is a program that converts assembly language code into machine language code. It has two passes: in the first pass, it scans the program and builds a symbol table with label addresses; in the second pass, it converts instructions to machine language using the symbol table and builds the executable image. The assembler converts mnemonics to operation codes, symbolic operands to addresses, builds instructions, converts data, and writes the object program and listing. The linker then resolves symbols between object files before the loader copies the executable into memory and relocates it as needed. The assembler uses symbol tables from both passes and databases to perform its functions of translating and building the executable.
This document provides an overview of different types of compilers. It discusses incremental compilers, cross compilers, load & go compilers, threaded code compilers, stage compilers, just-in-time (JIT) compilers, parallelizing compilers, one pass compilers, and multi pass compilers. For each type of compiler, it briefly describes what it is and how it works. The key information covered includes that incremental compilers only recompile modified source code, cross compilers produce target code for a different machine, JIT compilers compile bytecode to native machine code just before execution, and multi pass compilers perform multiple scans of the source code to complete compilation tasks.
The document discusses machine structure and system programming. It begins with an overview of system software components like assemblers, loaders, macros, compilers and formal systems. It then describes the general machine structure including CPU, memory and I/O channels. Specific details are provided about the IBM 360 machine structure including its memory, registers, data, instructions and special features. Machine language and different approaches to writing machine language programs are also summarized.
This document discusses macros and macro processing. It defines macros as units of code abbreviation that are expanded during compilation. The macro processor performs two passes: pass 1 reads macros and stores them in a table, pass 2 expands macros by substituting actual parameters. Advanced features like conditional expansion and looping are enabled using statements like AIF, AGO, and ANOP. Nested macro calls follow a LIFO expansion order.
Topics Covered:
Linker: Types of Linker:
Loaders : Types of loader
Example of Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Object Module
Difference between Static and Dynamic Binding
Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Program Relocatability
Description of all types of Loaders from System programming subjects.
eg. Compile-Go Loader
General Loader
Absolute Loader
Relocating Loader
Practical Relocating Loader
Linking Loader
Linker Vs. Loader
general relocatable loader
Language processing involves analyzing a source program and synthesizing an equivalent target program. The analysis phase involves lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis of source code based on language rules. The synthesis phase constructs target program structures and generates target code to have the same meaning as the source code. Language processors perform analysis and synthesis in separate passes due to issues like forward references and memory management, using an intermediate representation between passes.
The document discusses compiler design options and the differences between compilers and interpreters. It states that a compiler converts a high-level language program into machine code all at once, while an interpreter converts the program line-by-line at runtime. Compilers generally execute programs faster but take longer to compile, while interpreters execute more slowly but can compile incrementally and debug line-by-line. The document also covers pure and impure interpreters, p-code compilers, and the roles of compilers and interpreters.
An assembler is a program that converts assembly language code into machine language code. It has two passes: in the first pass, it scans the program and builds a symbol table with label addresses; in the second pass, it converts instructions to machine language using the symbol table and builds the executable image. The assembler converts mnemonics to operation codes, symbolic operands to addresses, builds instructions, converts data, and writes the object program and listing. The linker then resolves symbols between object files before the loader copies the executable into memory and relocates it as needed. The assembler uses symbol tables from both passes and databases to perform its functions of translating and building the executable.
This document provides an overview of different types of compilers. It discusses incremental compilers, cross compilers, load & go compilers, threaded code compilers, stage compilers, just-in-time (JIT) compilers, parallelizing compilers, one pass compilers, and multi pass compilers. For each type of compiler, it briefly describes what it is and how it works. The key information covered includes that incremental compilers only recompile modified source code, cross compilers produce target code for a different machine, JIT compilers compile bytecode to native machine code just before execution, and multi pass compilers perform multiple scans of the source code to complete compilation tasks.
The document discusses machine structure and system programming. It begins with an overview of system software components like assemblers, loaders, macros, compilers and formal systems. It then describes the general machine structure including CPU, memory and I/O channels. Specific details are provided about the IBM 360 machine structure including its memory, registers, data, instructions and special features. Machine language and different approaches to writing machine language programs are also summarized.
This document discusses macros and macro processing. It defines macros as units of code abbreviation that are expanded during compilation. The macro processor performs two passes: pass 1 reads macros and stores them in a table, pass 2 expands macros by substituting actual parameters. Advanced features like conditional expansion and looping are enabled using statements like AIF, AGO, and ANOP. Nested macro calls follow a LIFO expansion order.
The document discusses various components of system software including compilers, assemblers, linkers, and loaders. It describes the functions of loaders in detail. Loaders bring executable files into memory and start program execution. There are different types of loaders such as absolute loaders, bootstrap loaders, relocating loaders, linking loaders, and dynamic linkers. Relocating loaders allow programs to be loaded into any available memory location.
This document discusses system software and its evolution. It defines system software as programs designed to operate and control computer hardware, with examples being operating systems and assemblers. Application software enables users to complete tasks. There are two main types of system software components: macros, which expand instructions to perform tasks, and assemblers, which translate programs into machine code. The document then outlines the evolution of system software from early machine code programming to modern operating systems with features like paging, virtual memory, and time sharing to better manage resources and improve efficiency.
There are two main types of language processing activities: program generation and program execution. Program generation aims to automatically generate a program in a target language from a source program through a program generator. Program execution can occur through either translation, which translates a source program into an equivalent target program, or interpretation, where an interpreter reads and executes the source program statement-by-statement.
The document discusses compilers and their role in translating high-level programming languages into machine-readable code. It notes that compilers perform several key functions: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, generation of an intermediate representation, optimization of the intermediate code, and finally generation of assembly or machine code. The compiler allows programmers to write code in a high-level language that is easier for humans while still producing efficient low-level code that computers can execute.
A compiler translates high-level code into machine-readable code, while an interpreter converts each line of high-level code into machine code as the program runs. The document provides examples of compiler and interpreter code and compares key differences between compilers and interpreters, such as compilers generating standalone executable files while interpreters execute code on a line-by-line basis without generating separate files. It also gives examples of languages typically using each approach, such as C/C++ commonly being compiled and Visual Basic/LISP commonly being interpreted.
This document discusses assembly language and assemblers. It begins by explaining that assembly language provides a more readable and convenient way to program compared to machine language. It then describes how an assembler works, translating assembly language programs into machine code. The elements of assembly language are defined, including mnemonic operation codes, symbolic operands, and data declarations. The document also covers instruction formats, sample assembly language programs, and the processing an assembler performs to generate machine code from assembly code.
The document provides an overview of compilers by discussing:
1. Compilers translate source code into executable target code by going through several phases including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation.
2. An interpreter directly executes source code statement by statement while a compiler produces target code as translation. Compiled code generally runs faster than interpreted code.
3. The phases of a compiler include a front end that analyzes the source code and produces intermediate code, and a back end that optimizes and generates the target code.
This document discusses single pass assemblers. It notes that single pass assemblers scan a program once to create the equivalent binary, substituting symbolic instructions with machine code. However, this can cause forward reference problems when symbols are used before being defined. The document describes two solutions for single pass assemblers: 1) eliminating forward references by defining all labels before use or prohibiting forward data references, and 2) generating object code directly in memory without writing to disk, requiring reassembly each time.
Introduction
Difference between System software and Application software
Difference between System and Application programming
Elements of programming environment
Assembler
Loader and Linker
Macro preprocessor
Compiler
Editor
Debugger
Device Drivers
Operating System
The document summarizes the key aspects of direct linking loaders. A direct linking loader allows for multiple procedure and data segments and flexible intersegment referencing. It provides assembler output with the length and symbol tables (USE and DEFINITION) to the loader. The loader performs two passes, building a Global External Symbol Table in Pass 1 and performing relocation and linking in Pass 2 using the object decks with External Symbol Dictionary, instructions/data, and relocation/linkage sections. This allows combining and executing object code from separate object programs.
The preprocessor directives in C allow code to be modified before compilation. Key directives include #define for macros, #include for file inclusion, #ifdef/#endif for conditional compilation, and #pragma for additional compiler instructions. Preprocessor directives begin with # and are executed before the code is compiled, allowing code to be customized based on preprocessor variables and macros.
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that corresponds directly to a processor's machine language instructions. It uses symbolic codes that are assembled into machine-readable object code. Assembly languages are commonly used when speed, compact code size, or direct hardware interaction is important. Assemblers translate assembly language into binary machine code that can be directly executed by processors.
System software - macro expansion,nested macro callsSARASWATHI S
This document discusses macro expansion and nested macro calls in system software. It covers:
1. Macro expansion involves replacing a macro call with code from its body by substituting actual parameters for formal parameters.
2. Macro expansion can be performed by a macro assembler or preprocessor. A macro assembler performs full assembly while a preprocessor only processes macro calls.
3. Key aspects of macro expansion include the order of model statement expansion and lexical substitution of formal parameters with actual values. Nested macro calls follow a last-in, first-out expansion order.
The document discusses symbol tables, which are data structures used by compilers to track semantic information about identifiers, variables, functions, classes, etc. It provides details on:
- How various compiler phases like lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation utilize and update the symbol table.
- Common data structures used to implement symbol tables like linear lists, hash tables and how they work.
- The information typically stored for different symbols like name, type, scope, memory location etc.
- Organization of symbol tables for block-structured vs non-block structured languages, including using multiple nested tables vs a single global table.
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of memory. It then explains various memory management algorithms like overlays, swapping, paging and segmentation. Overlays divide a program into instruction sets that are loaded and unloaded as needed. Swapping loads entire processes into memory for execution then writes them back to disk. Paging and segmentation are used to map logical addresses to physical addresses through page tables and segment tables respectively. The document compares advantages and limitations of these approaches.
This document provides an introduction to compilers, including:
- What compilers are and their role in translating programs to machine code
- The main phases of compilation: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation, and optimization
- Key concepts like tokens, parsing, symbol tables, and intermediate representations
- Related software tools like preprocessors, assemblers, loaders, and linkers
The document discusses the different phases of a compiler: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It explains that a compiler takes source code as input and translates it into an equivalent language. The compiler performs analysis and synthesis in multiple phases, with each phase transforming the representation of the source code. Key activities include generating tokens, building a syntax tree, type checking, generating optimized intermediate code, and finally producing target machine code. Symbol tables are also used to store identifier information as the compiler runs.
A loader performs key functions like allocating memory, relocating addresses, linking between object files, and loading programs into memory for execution. Different loading schemes are used depending on the needs of the system and programming language. Direct linking loaders allow for relocatable code and external references between program segments through the use of object file records and tables for symbols, relocation, and code loading.
The document discusses different types of software used in computers. It describes system software as software that manages computer hardware and allows application software to function. Specifically, it defines compilers and interpreters as two types of system software that translate human-written code into machine-readable code. It also provides examples of application software like word processors and spreadsheets that perform tasks for users.
Compilers and interpreters help convert high-level source code into machine code that computers can understand. A compiler scans an entire program and translates it into machine code in one pass, while an interpreter translates statements one at a time. The translation process involves multiple steps - compilers translate to assembly code, then assemblers translate to machine code, and linkers combine object files into executable programs that loaders load into memory for execution. This language processing system converts high-level code into binary code computers can execute.
The document discusses various components of system software including compilers, assemblers, linkers, and loaders. It describes the functions of loaders in detail. Loaders bring executable files into memory and start program execution. There are different types of loaders such as absolute loaders, bootstrap loaders, relocating loaders, linking loaders, and dynamic linkers. Relocating loaders allow programs to be loaded into any available memory location.
This document discusses system software and its evolution. It defines system software as programs designed to operate and control computer hardware, with examples being operating systems and assemblers. Application software enables users to complete tasks. There are two main types of system software components: macros, which expand instructions to perform tasks, and assemblers, which translate programs into machine code. The document then outlines the evolution of system software from early machine code programming to modern operating systems with features like paging, virtual memory, and time sharing to better manage resources and improve efficiency.
There are two main types of language processing activities: program generation and program execution. Program generation aims to automatically generate a program in a target language from a source program through a program generator. Program execution can occur through either translation, which translates a source program into an equivalent target program, or interpretation, where an interpreter reads and executes the source program statement-by-statement.
The document discusses compilers and their role in translating high-level programming languages into machine-readable code. It notes that compilers perform several key functions: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, generation of an intermediate representation, optimization of the intermediate code, and finally generation of assembly or machine code. The compiler allows programmers to write code in a high-level language that is easier for humans while still producing efficient low-level code that computers can execute.
A compiler translates high-level code into machine-readable code, while an interpreter converts each line of high-level code into machine code as the program runs. The document provides examples of compiler and interpreter code and compares key differences between compilers and interpreters, such as compilers generating standalone executable files while interpreters execute code on a line-by-line basis without generating separate files. It also gives examples of languages typically using each approach, such as C/C++ commonly being compiled and Visual Basic/LISP commonly being interpreted.
This document discusses assembly language and assemblers. It begins by explaining that assembly language provides a more readable and convenient way to program compared to machine language. It then describes how an assembler works, translating assembly language programs into machine code. The elements of assembly language are defined, including mnemonic operation codes, symbolic operands, and data declarations. The document also covers instruction formats, sample assembly language programs, and the processing an assembler performs to generate machine code from assembly code.
The document provides an overview of compilers by discussing:
1. Compilers translate source code into executable target code by going through several phases including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation.
2. An interpreter directly executes source code statement by statement while a compiler produces target code as translation. Compiled code generally runs faster than interpreted code.
3. The phases of a compiler include a front end that analyzes the source code and produces intermediate code, and a back end that optimizes and generates the target code.
This document discusses single pass assemblers. It notes that single pass assemblers scan a program once to create the equivalent binary, substituting symbolic instructions with machine code. However, this can cause forward reference problems when symbols are used before being defined. The document describes two solutions for single pass assemblers: 1) eliminating forward references by defining all labels before use or prohibiting forward data references, and 2) generating object code directly in memory without writing to disk, requiring reassembly each time.
Introduction
Difference between System software and Application software
Difference between System and Application programming
Elements of programming environment
Assembler
Loader and Linker
Macro preprocessor
Compiler
Editor
Debugger
Device Drivers
Operating System
The document summarizes the key aspects of direct linking loaders. A direct linking loader allows for multiple procedure and data segments and flexible intersegment referencing. It provides assembler output with the length and symbol tables (USE and DEFINITION) to the loader. The loader performs two passes, building a Global External Symbol Table in Pass 1 and performing relocation and linking in Pass 2 using the object decks with External Symbol Dictionary, instructions/data, and relocation/linkage sections. This allows combining and executing object code from separate object programs.
The preprocessor directives in C allow code to be modified before compilation. Key directives include #define for macros, #include for file inclusion, #ifdef/#endif for conditional compilation, and #pragma for additional compiler instructions. Preprocessor directives begin with # and are executed before the code is compiled, allowing code to be customized based on preprocessor variables and macros.
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that corresponds directly to a processor's machine language instructions. It uses symbolic codes that are assembled into machine-readable object code. Assembly languages are commonly used when speed, compact code size, or direct hardware interaction is important. Assemblers translate assembly language into binary machine code that can be directly executed by processors.
System software - macro expansion,nested macro callsSARASWATHI S
This document discusses macro expansion and nested macro calls in system software. It covers:
1. Macro expansion involves replacing a macro call with code from its body by substituting actual parameters for formal parameters.
2. Macro expansion can be performed by a macro assembler or preprocessor. A macro assembler performs full assembly while a preprocessor only processes macro calls.
3. Key aspects of macro expansion include the order of model statement expansion and lexical substitution of formal parameters with actual values. Nested macro calls follow a last-in, first-out expansion order.
The document discusses symbol tables, which are data structures used by compilers to track semantic information about identifiers, variables, functions, classes, etc. It provides details on:
- How various compiler phases like lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation utilize and update the symbol table.
- Common data structures used to implement symbol tables like linear lists, hash tables and how they work.
- The information typically stored for different symbols like name, type, scope, memory location etc.
- Organization of symbol tables for block-structured vs non-block structured languages, including using multiple nested tables vs a single global table.
This document discusses different memory management techniques used in operating systems. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of memory. It then explains various memory management algorithms like overlays, swapping, paging and segmentation. Overlays divide a program into instruction sets that are loaded and unloaded as needed. Swapping loads entire processes into memory for execution then writes them back to disk. Paging and segmentation are used to map logical addresses to physical addresses through page tables and segment tables respectively. The document compares advantages and limitations of these approaches.
This document provides an introduction to compilers, including:
- What compilers are and their role in translating programs to machine code
- The main phases of compilation: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation, and optimization
- Key concepts like tokens, parsing, symbol tables, and intermediate representations
- Related software tools like preprocessors, assemblers, loaders, and linkers
The document discusses the different phases of a compiler: lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It explains that a compiler takes source code as input and translates it into an equivalent language. The compiler performs analysis and synthesis in multiple phases, with each phase transforming the representation of the source code. Key activities include generating tokens, building a syntax tree, type checking, generating optimized intermediate code, and finally producing target machine code. Symbol tables are also used to store identifier information as the compiler runs.
A loader performs key functions like allocating memory, relocating addresses, linking between object files, and loading programs into memory for execution. Different loading schemes are used depending on the needs of the system and programming language. Direct linking loaders allow for relocatable code and external references between program segments through the use of object file records and tables for symbols, relocation, and code loading.
The document discusses different types of software used in computers. It describes system software as software that manages computer hardware and allows application software to function. Specifically, it defines compilers and interpreters as two types of system software that translate human-written code into machine-readable code. It also provides examples of application software like word processors and spreadsheets that perform tasks for users.
Compilers and interpreters help convert high-level source code into machine code that computers can understand. A compiler scans an entire program and translates it into machine code in one pass, while an interpreter translates statements one at a time. The translation process involves multiple steps - compilers translate to assembly code, then assemblers translate to machine code, and linkers combine object files into executable programs that loaders load into memory for execution. This language processing system converts high-level code into binary code computers can execute.
The document outlines the basic steps for C program execution:
1. Creating the program using an IDE or text editor, compiling the program using a compiler, and linking it with necessary library functions.
2. The preprocessor performs text substitution before compilation. The compiler translates source code to machine code. The linker combines object files and libraries.
3. The loader loads the machine code into memory for execution by the CPU, which performs arithmetic and logical operations to run the program.
The document discusses different components involved in translating a high-level programming language code into an executable program. It describes the functions of compilers, assemblers, linkers, and loaders. Specifically, it explains that a linker merges object files and library routines to create an executable file by performing relocation and resolving references between modules. A loader then allocates memory, performs relocation, and loads the executable code into memory to start program execution. The document also compares static and dynamic linking and different types of loaders.
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS(UNIT 2)SURBHI SAROHA
This document provides an overview of the essential components of computers, including hardware, software, and the relationship between the two. It discusses how hardware represents the physical parts of a computer, while software is programs that perform functions. There are two main types of software: system software, which operates and controls the computer, and application software, which satisfies specific needs. Translators such as compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are used to convert programs between high-level languages and machine code. Operating systems act as an interface between users and hardware, managing resources and processes.
The document provides an overview of compilers and interpreters. It discusses how compilers translate source code into target code like machine language while interpreters directly execute source code. It also describes the different stages of compilation from preprocessing to assembly and linking. Key points made include:
- Compilers translate entire programs at once while interpreters translate and execute one line at a time.
- Compilers generate error reports after full translation while interpreters stop at the first error.
- Compilation takes more time than interpretation but executed code runs faster.
- Some languages use hybrid approaches that interpret translated bytecode for faster execution.
- Larger programs are compiled in pieces and linked together with libraries before execution.
Introduction To C++ programming and its basic conceptsssuserf86fba
The document discusses the process of creating and executing C++ programs. It describes the main steps as writing code in a text editor, preprocessing and compiling the code to generate machine-readable instructions, linking object files, loading the executable, and executing the program. Key parts of the process include preprocessing with header files and macros, compiling to machine code, linking code from multiple files, and loading/running the executable. The main goal is to explain how human-readable C++ code is converted into a binary executable that can run on computers.
This document provides an overview of compiler design and the different phases involved in compilation. It discusses the following:
1. The main types of language translators - assemblers, interpreters, and compilers - and the differences between compilation and interpretation.
2. The typical phases of a compiler - lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It provides examples to illustrate each phase.
3. Other components involved in compilation like preprocessors, linkers, loaders, symbol tables, and error handling.
4. The types of errors that can occur during different compiler phases like lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis.
So in summary
1. A language processing system includes a preprocessor, compiler, assembler, interpreter, and linker.
2. A preprocessor performs tasks like macro processing, file inclusion, and language extensions to augment source code.
3. A compiler translates source code written in a high-level language into an equivalent low-level machine language so it can be executed.
This document discusses different types of software and system software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that enhance hardware capabilities. There are three main types of software: application software designed for specific tasks, utility software for system maintenance, and system software that controls computer operations but does not solve specific problems. System software includes language translators like assemblers, compilers, and interpreters; macro processors; linkers; loaders; text editors; debuggers; and the operating system.
The document provides information on computer software, types of software including system software and application software, programming languages including object-oriented, structured, and procedural languages, and assemblers, compilers, and interpreters. It also discusses operating systems, types of operating systems including batch processing, multi-tasking, real-time, single user, multi-user, and distributed operating systems. Finally, it covers database management systems including components, data definition language, data manipulation language, and data control language.
This document provides an overview of different types of software, including system software and application software. It discusses operating systems, loaders, linkers, compilers, and interpreters as examples of system software. It also discusses application software and gives examples like word processors and spreadsheets. The document covers open source software and proprietary software. It provides details on operating systems, loaders, linkers, compilers and interpreters.
THIS PPT CONTAINS THE DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS LANGUAGE PROCESSORS/LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS- THE COMPILER & THE INTERPRETER, OPERATING SYSTEMS & ITS FUNCTION, PARALLEL & CLOUD COMPUTING
A compiler translates high-level code into machine-readable code, while an interpreter converts each line of high-level code into machine code as the program runs. The document provides examples of compiler and interpreter code and compares key differences between compilers and interpreters, such as compilers generating independent target programs while interpreters evaluate source programs on a statement-by-statement basis without generating output. Compilers are suitable for production while interpreters are suitable for development due to not needing recompilation after each source code change.
The document provides an introduction to compilers and language processors. It discusses:
- A compiler translates a program written in one language (the source language) into an equivalent program in another language (the target language). Compilers detect and report errors during translation.
- An interpreter appears to directly execute the operations in a source program on supplied inputs, rather than producing a translated target program.
- Compilers are usually faster than interpreters at running programs, while interpreters can provide better error diagnostics by executing statements sequentially. Java combines compilation and interpretation through bytecode.
- The key differences between compilers and interpreters are how they translate programs, whether they generate intermediate code, translation and execution speed, memory usage
system software and application software, compiler, interpreter & assemblerchetan birla
The document discusses system software and application software. It defines system software as programs that directly interact with computer hardware to control and manage system resources, including operating systems, drivers, and development programs. Application software are programs designed for specific tasks like word processing, games, and business software. Common examples of both system and application software are provided. Compiler, interpreter, and assembler are also discussed as different types of language translators that convert source code into executable programs.
This document provides an overview of computer programming including:
- The process of writing source code, testing, and refining programs with other programmers.
- Common programming paradigms like imperative and declarative programming.
- The history of early programmable machines and the development of computer programming.
- Key aspects of the programming process like defining problems, planning solutions, coding, testing, and documenting programs.
- Different types of programming languages and the considerations in choosing a language.
- Modern requirements for efficient, reliable, robust, usable, and portable programs.
The document discusses linkers, loaders, and software tools. It defines loaders as programs that accept object codes and prepare them for execution by performing tasks like allocation, linking, relocation, and loading. There are different types of loaders discussed, including absolute loaders, relocating loaders, and direct linking loaders. The direct linking loader uses a two-pass process and object modules divided into external symbol directory, assembled program, relocation directory, and end sections. The document also describes the object record formats used by the MS-DOS linker.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide will represent how to create user notification in Odoo 17. Odoo allows us to create and send custom notifications on some events or actions. We have different types of notification such as sticky notification, rainbow man effect, alert and raise exception warning or validation.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
Keep in mind:
- The 8+8+8 rule offers a general guideline. You may need to adjust the schedule depending on your individual needs and commitments.
- Some days may require more work or less sleep, demanding flexibility in your approach.
- The key is to be mindful of your time allocation and strive for a healthy balance across the three categories.
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationMattVassar1
Business is done in many different ways across the world. How you connect with colleagues and communicate feedback constructively differs tremendously depending on where a person comes from. Drawing on the culture map from the cultural anthropologist, Erin Meyer, this class discusses how best to manage effectively across the invisible lines of culture.
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024yarusun
Are you worried about your preparation for the UiPath Power Platform Functional Consultant Certification Exam? You can come to DumpsBase to download the latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam dumps (V11.02) to evaluate your preparation for the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam with the PDF format and testing engine software. The latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam questions and answers go over every subject on the exam so you can easily understand them. You won't need to worry about passing the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam if you master all of these UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 dumps (V11.02) of DumpsBase. #UIPATH-ADPV1 Dumps #UIPATH-ADPV1 #UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingDerek Wenmoth
Keynote presentation to the Educational Leaders hui Kōkiritia Marautanga held in Auckland on 26 June 2024. Provides a high level overview of the history and development of the science of learning, and implications for the design of learning in our modern schools and classrooms.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
2. Regardless of what language you use, you
eventually need to convert your program
into a language that the computer can
understand
Two ways for doing that:
compile the program or
interpret the program
3. A compiler is a computer program that translates a
program in a source language into an equivalent program
in a target language.
or
Compilers: Translate a source (human-writable) program
to an executable (machine-readable) program
Source code Compiler Executable
Input data Executable Output data
4. Translate the entire program.
Convert the entire program to machine code, when
the syntax errors are removed then converted into the
object code
Requires more main memory
Neither source nor the compiler are required for
execution.
Slow for debugging and testing.
Execution time is less.
Security of source code .
5. Interpreter is a program that executes instructions written
in a high-level language
or
Interpreters: Convert a source program and execute it at
the same time.
Source code
Input data
Output dataInterpreter
6. Translate the program line by line.
each time the program is executed ,every line is
checked for syntax error & then converted to
equivalent machine code directly.
Requires less main memory
Source program and the interpreter are required for
execution.
Good for fast debugging and testing.
Execution time is more.
No Security of source code .
8. A program that takes as input the object
files of one or more separately compiled
program modules, and links them together
into a complete executable program,
resolving reference from one module to
another.
9. A program that takes an input an executable
program, loads it into main memory, and causes
execution to being by loading the correct starting
address into the computer register.
When the program finished, control must
somehow be returned to the operating system.
10. A single object file might contain machine code
for only one procedure or a set of procedures.
An executable file must contain all the machine
code needed for a particular program; it must
contain the address of the first instruction to be
executed.
11. I. Absolute loader: absolute loader is a primitive type
of loader which does only the loading function. It
does not perform linking and program relocation.
II. Bootstrap loader: when the computer is turned on
absolute loader is executed. this loader is responsible
for loading the operating system and transferring
control to it. This loader is present in the ROM area
of main memory.
III. Relocateabel loader: this loader is responsible for
relocation and loading.
12. I. Linking loader: this linker performs all the linking and
relocation operations and load the linked program
directly into the main memory.
II. Linkage editor: this linker produces a linked version of
the program called as a load module or an executable
image.
III. Dynamic linker: this. Scheme postpone the linking
function until execution time. Any subroutine is loaded
and linked to the rest of program when it is first called.
13. What is software?
Computer Instructions or data, anything that can
be stored electronically is Software.
Types of Software
System Software
Application Software
Utility Software
15. System Software includes the Operating System and all the
utilities that enable the computer to function.
System software is a term referring to any computer software
which manages and controls the hardware so that application
software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.
16. This is a general purpose program or acollection of
program written by the user to solve a particular
problem.
Application Software includes programs that do real work
for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student
database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database
Management System etc.,
17. these are readymade routines that are incorporated
into the computer utility software are generally
called as application oriented readymade system
programs
Example:
Soundblaster , sidekick etc.
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