Wi-Fi, also known as wireless fidelity, allows devices to connect to the internet without cables. It uses radio waves to transmit and receive data between devices within range of a wireless access point. Common Wi-Fi standards include 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. A Wi-Fi network requires an access point connected to a wired network, wireless network cards or adapters in devices, and may include additional components like antennas, bridges, and firewalls for security. Wi-Fi provides mobility and flexibility but can experience interference issues and has a limited range compared to wired connections.
This document discusses Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity technology. It describes the key elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It outlines different Wi-Fi network topologies like peer-to-peer and infrastructure modes. It also covers advantages like mobility and flexibility as well as limitations such as interference and limited range. The document provides an overview of how Wi-Fi networks function and their growing popularity.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi networks. It defines Wi-Fi as a wireless technology standard that allows devices to connect to the internet and each other without cables. It describes the key elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also outlines how Wi-Fi networks work, common network configurations, advantages like mobility and ease of use, and limitations such as limited range and potential security risks.
Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the Internet without wires using radio signals transmitted through antennas. A Wi-Fi enabled device can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet via an access point. While early city-wide Wi-Fi networks proved difficult to implement, Wi-Fi is now widely used with over 220,000 public hotspots and tens of millions of homes using the technology. The current WPA2 encryption is considered secure when strong passphrases are used. A wireless router receives radio signals from devices, decodes them, and sends information to the Internet via wired Ethernet connection.
This document discusses setting up a Wi-Fi network or "hotspot" on a college campus. It begins by explaining the importance of Wi-Fi technology and freedom from wires. It then discusses the purpose of providing Wi-Fi access for students, faculty, and staff across locations like classrooms, offices, and cafeterias. The document outlines the typical topologies and configurations for a Wi-Fi network using access points. It also discusses selecting the right IEEE 802.11 wireless standards and provides a requirements list for equipment needed to set up the hotspot across the college's engineering, education, business, cafeteria and library buildings.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data through the air as an alternative to wired networks. It works by translating digital data into radio signals using a wireless adapter, which are then transmitted to and decoded by a router. The key advantages of Wi-Fi are that it provides wireless networking without wires, allows for fast and easy deployment, and is secure and easy to manage. However, it also has limitations such as shorter range than wired connections, slower speeds, security risks from greater exposure, interference from other devices, and higher power consumption.
Wi-Fi, also known as wireless fidelity, is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to the internet or communicate with each other wirelessly within a particular area. It uses radio waves to transmit and receive data over short distances. The technology was invented in 1991 and has since evolved through several generations with improved speeds and capabilities. Wi-Fi networks provide connectivity in homes, businesses, and public places through wireless routers and hotspots. While convenient, Wi-Fi also presents some security and interference concerns to consider.
Wi-Fi was invented in 1997 with the creation of the IEEE 802.11 committee to develop standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). Victor Hayes is considered the "Father of Wi-Fi" for his role in establishing the IEEE 802.11 standards working group. Common Wi-Fi standards include 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. A Wi-Fi network uses access points to create hotspots that can connect wireless devices within a range of around 100 to 300 feet. Wi-Fi provides mobility by allowing devices to connect to the internet or local network without being physically wired.
The document presents on Wi-Fi technology. It discusses that Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the internet wirelessly using radio signals following IEEE 802.11 standards. It was developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in 1999 to promote interoperability. Some key benefits of Wi-Fi include flexible working, reduced cables, and lower setup costs compared to wired networks. The presentation provides tips for securing Wi-Fi networks such as using a passphrase and separating guest networks. It also compares Wi-Fi to other wireless technologies like Li-Fi and Wi-Fi Direct.
This document discusses Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity technology. It describes the key elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It outlines different Wi-Fi network topologies like peer-to-peer and infrastructure modes. It also covers advantages like mobility and flexibility as well as limitations such as interference and limited range. The document provides an overview of how Wi-Fi networks function and their growing popularity.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi networks. It defines Wi-Fi as a wireless technology standard that allows devices to connect to the internet and each other without cables. It describes the key elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also outlines how Wi-Fi networks work, common network configurations, advantages like mobility and ease of use, and limitations such as limited range and potential security risks.
Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the Internet without wires using radio signals transmitted through antennas. A Wi-Fi enabled device can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet via an access point. While early city-wide Wi-Fi networks proved difficult to implement, Wi-Fi is now widely used with over 220,000 public hotspots and tens of millions of homes using the technology. The current WPA2 encryption is considered secure when strong passphrases are used. A wireless router receives radio signals from devices, decodes them, and sends information to the Internet via wired Ethernet connection.
This document discusses setting up a Wi-Fi network or "hotspot" on a college campus. It begins by explaining the importance of Wi-Fi technology and freedom from wires. It then discusses the purpose of providing Wi-Fi access for students, faculty, and staff across locations like classrooms, offices, and cafeterias. The document outlines the typical topologies and configurations for a Wi-Fi network using access points. It also discusses selecting the right IEEE 802.11 wireless standards and provides a requirements list for equipment needed to set up the hotspot across the college's engineering, education, business, cafeteria and library buildings.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data through the air as an alternative to wired networks. It works by translating digital data into radio signals using a wireless adapter, which are then transmitted to and decoded by a router. The key advantages of Wi-Fi are that it provides wireless networking without wires, allows for fast and easy deployment, and is secure and easy to manage. However, it also has limitations such as shorter range than wired connections, slower speeds, security risks from greater exposure, interference from other devices, and higher power consumption.
Wi-Fi, also known as wireless fidelity, is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to the internet or communicate with each other wirelessly within a particular area. It uses radio waves to transmit and receive data over short distances. The technology was invented in 1991 and has since evolved through several generations with improved speeds and capabilities. Wi-Fi networks provide connectivity in homes, businesses, and public places through wireless routers and hotspots. While convenient, Wi-Fi also presents some security and interference concerns to consider.
Wi-Fi was invented in 1997 with the creation of the IEEE 802.11 committee to develop standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). Victor Hayes is considered the "Father of Wi-Fi" for his role in establishing the IEEE 802.11 standards working group. Common Wi-Fi standards include 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac. A Wi-Fi network uses access points to create hotspots that can connect wireless devices within a range of around 100 to 300 feet. Wi-Fi provides mobility by allowing devices to connect to the internet or local network without being physically wired.
The document presents on Wi-Fi technology. It discusses that Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the internet wirelessly using radio signals following IEEE 802.11 standards. It was developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in 1999 to promote interoperability. Some key benefits of Wi-Fi include flexible working, reduced cables, and lower setup costs compared to wired networks. The presentation provides tips for securing Wi-Fi networks such as using a passphrase and separating guest networks. It also compares Wi-Fi to other wireless technologies like Li-Fi and Wi-Fi Direct.
This document discusses Wi-Fi, including its standards, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It notes that Wi-Fi allows computers and devices to connect to each other and the internet wirelessly as an alternative to wired connections. The document outlines the 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g Wi-Fi standards, their speeds and ranges. It also lists common applications of Wi-Fi in homes, businesses, corporations, healthcare, and for travellers. Advantages include freedom of mobility, no cabling setup costs, and scalability, while disadvantages are slower speeds, reduced range due to obstacles, and security risks of unauthorized access.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technologies. It describes the 802.11 family of specifications including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. It explains that 802.11 established the original wireless LAN standard, while 802.11a supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 5GHz band. 802.11b, also known as Wi-Fi, supports speeds up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4GHz band. Finally, 802.11g operates in the same frequency band as 802.11b but supports speeds over 20 Mbps.
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless internet access. It allows devices to connect to a network wirelessly without needing cables. A Wi-Fi network uses wireless access points or routers to connect wireless devices to a wired network. Access points can provide internet access within their range to connected devices. While convenient, Wi-Fi networks have limitations such as a limited range, potential security issues, and signal interference between devices.
The document discusses Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) technologies. It describes Wi-Fi as a standard for wireless local area networks that connects devices wirelessly. It outlines the purpose of Wi-Fi to enable wireless access and compatibility. It also discusses the Wi-Fi Alliance standards body and the key IEEE 802.11 wireless technologies including their speeds and frequencies.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its standards, architecture, security techniques, and applications. It describes the IEEE 802.11 standards for Wi-Fi networks, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It outlines the basic components of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also summarizes common Wi-Fi network configurations, topologies, and applications as well as security techniques such as SSID, WEP, WPA, and 802.1x access control.
WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. WiFiIt is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking (LAN) technology designed to provide in-building broadband coverage.
Current WiFi systems support a peak physical-layer data rate of 54 Mbps and typically provide indoor coverage over a distance of 100 feet.
WiFi has become the de facto standard for last mile broadband connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspot locations. Systems can typically provide a coverage range of only about 1,000 feet from the access point.
This document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its history, standards, and applications. It describes how Wi-Fi networks work and their basic components. The Wi-Fi Alliance was founded to promote compatibility between Wi-Fi devices and certify products. There are various Wi-Fi standards including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g that operate at different speeds and frequencies. Wi-Fi is commonly used for both home and enterprise wireless networks and provides wireless access to devices and the internet.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) allows devices to connect to the internet and networks without physical connections using radio technology defined by the IEEE 802.11 standards. It provides wireless broadband access within a specific range, with many access points able to connect multiple users across a large area. While convenient, Wi-Fi networks face security challenges that techniques like WEP, WPA, and dedicated security software aim to address. Their capabilities are also limited by factors such as interference, but new standards seek to improve speed, range and other advantages over wired networks.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology. It describes Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It explains the elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points and Wi-Fi cards. It discusses Wi-Fi network topologies such as peer-to-peer, infrastructure, and point-to-multipoint. It also covers hotspots, how Wi-Fi networks work, advantages like mobility and flexibility, and limitations such as interference and limited range.
Wi-Fi technology allows electronic devices to connect to the internet and exchange data wirelessly. It uses radio frequencies to transmit and receive data between devices like computers, smartphones, and access points connected to routers and the internet. Wi-Fi networks are created by installing an access point that acts as a base station, allowing Wi-Fi enabled devices within range to connect to the internet through the access point without wires. Standards like 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n set protocols for how Wi-Fi networks operate and transmit data wirelessly.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect to the internet and each other without wires. It uses radio waves to transmit and receive data over short distances. The main components of a Wi-Fi network are access points, Wi-Fi cards in devices, and security measures. Wi-Fi provides mobility, ease of installation, and flexibility but has limitations like interference, performance degradation, high power usage, and limited range. It has many applications beyond basic internet access like streaming, file sharing, and smart home device synchronization.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its purpose of eliminating cabling and making access to information easier. It describes the basic elements of a Wi-Fi network, such as access points and Wi-Fi cards, and how a Wi-Fi network works by creating a hotspot connected to the internet. Finally, it covers some applications of Wi-Fi like in homes, businesses, and for travelers, along with advantages such as mobility and ease of installation, and disadvantages such as low speeds and limited range.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi uses radio technologies like IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n to transmit and receive data at high speeds wirelessly. A Wi-Fi network works by creating a hotspot using an access point connected to the internet, which wireless enabled devices can then connect to within a range of 100 to 300 feet. Wi-Fi networks can be implemented in either an ad-hoc or infrastructure mode and have advantages like mobility, ease of installation, flexibility and cost savings over
This document discusses Wi-Fi and wireless networking security. It defines Wi-Fi as a wireless technology that uses radio frequencies to transmit data through the air based on the 802.11 standards. It describes the roles of the Wi-Fi Alliance and certification process. It provides an overview of the 802.11 standards including 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11a. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Wi-Fi and outlines some basic security strategies and techniques used to secure wireless networks like blocking the SSID, changing default passwords, and using firewalls.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It uses radio technologies like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g to transmit and receive data wirelessly. The basic components of a Wi-Fi network are access points that connect wireless devices to the internet, Wi-Fi cards in devices, and security measures like firewalls. Wi-Fi networks can operate in different topologies like the infrastructure mode with an access point or in ad-hoc peer-to-peer mode between devices. Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity for various applications in homes, businesses, corporations, and more.
Wi-Fi, or wireless fidelity, is a wireless local area network technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless network connectivity between devices like computers, phones, and other electronics. It connects devices to each other and to the internet. There are different Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g that operate at different speeds and frequencies. A basic Wi-Fi network uses an access point to create a wireless hotspot that devices can connect to wirelessly to access the internet or network. Wi-Fi security aims to protect the integrity, encryption, and authentication of data transmitted over the network.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi, including its history, standards, topologies, security, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and future. It discusses how Wi-Fi works using radio frequencies to connect devices wirelessly. Key standards include 802.11a, b, g, and n, with newer versions providing higher speeds and improved security. Wi-Fi is commonly used both privately and publicly to access the internet via routers and hotspots.
This document discusses geolocation technologies and location-based apps. It begins by explaining how computers and mobile devices determine location through methods like IP address, GPS, and multilateration. It then lists and briefly describes several popular augmented reality, social check-in, and other location-based apps like Foursquare, Gowalla, and Yelp. The document concludes by asking the audience what geolocation apps they use or have heard about.
This document discusses Wi-Fi, including its standards, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It notes that Wi-Fi allows computers and devices to connect to each other and the internet wirelessly as an alternative to wired connections. The document outlines the 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g Wi-Fi standards, their speeds and ranges. It also lists common applications of Wi-Fi in homes, businesses, corporations, healthcare, and for travellers. Advantages include freedom of mobility, no cabling setup costs, and scalability, while disadvantages are slower speeds, reduced range due to obstacles, and security risks of unauthorized access.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technologies. It describes the 802.11 family of specifications including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. It explains that 802.11 established the original wireless LAN standard, while 802.11a supports speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 5GHz band. 802.11b, also known as Wi-Fi, supports speeds up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4GHz band. Finally, 802.11g operates in the same frequency band as 802.11b but supports speeds over 20 Mbps.
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless internet access. It allows devices to connect to a network wirelessly without needing cables. A Wi-Fi network uses wireless access points or routers to connect wireless devices to a wired network. Access points can provide internet access within their range to connected devices. While convenient, Wi-Fi networks have limitations such as a limited range, potential security issues, and signal interference between devices.
The document discusses Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) technologies. It describes Wi-Fi as a standard for wireless local area networks that connects devices wirelessly. It outlines the purpose of Wi-Fi to enable wireless access and compatibility. It also discusses the Wi-Fi Alliance standards body and the key IEEE 802.11 wireless technologies including their speeds and frequencies.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its standards, architecture, security techniques, and applications. It describes the IEEE 802.11 standards for Wi-Fi networks, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It outlines the basic components of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also summarizes common Wi-Fi network configurations, topologies, and applications as well as security techniques such as SSID, WEP, WPA, and 802.1x access control.
WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. WiFiIt is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking (LAN) technology designed to provide in-building broadband coverage.
Current WiFi systems support a peak physical-layer data rate of 54 Mbps and typically provide indoor coverage over a distance of 100 feet.
WiFi has become the de facto standard for last mile broadband connectivity in homes, offices, and public hotspot locations. Systems can typically provide a coverage range of only about 1,000 feet from the access point.
This document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its history, standards, and applications. It describes how Wi-Fi networks work and their basic components. The Wi-Fi Alliance was founded to promote compatibility between Wi-Fi devices and certify products. There are various Wi-Fi standards including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g that operate at different speeds and frequencies. Wi-Fi is commonly used for both home and enterprise wireless networks and provides wireless access to devices and the internet.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) allows devices to connect to the internet and networks without physical connections using radio technology defined by the IEEE 802.11 standards. It provides wireless broadband access within a specific range, with many access points able to connect multiple users across a large area. While convenient, Wi-Fi networks face security challenges that techniques like WEP, WPA, and dedicated security software aim to address. Their capabilities are also limited by factors such as interference, but new standards seek to improve speed, range and other advantages over wired networks.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology. It describes Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It explains the elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points and Wi-Fi cards. It discusses Wi-Fi network topologies such as peer-to-peer, infrastructure, and point-to-multipoint. It also covers hotspots, how Wi-Fi networks work, advantages like mobility and flexibility, and limitations such as interference and limited range.
Wi-Fi technology allows electronic devices to connect to the internet and exchange data wirelessly. It uses radio frequencies to transmit and receive data between devices like computers, smartphones, and access points connected to routers and the internet. Wi-Fi networks are created by installing an access point that acts as a base station, allowing Wi-Fi enabled devices within range to connect to the internet through the access point without wires. Standards like 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n set protocols for how Wi-Fi networks operate and transmit data wirelessly.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect to the internet and each other without wires. It uses radio waves to transmit and receive data over short distances. The main components of a Wi-Fi network are access points, Wi-Fi cards in devices, and security measures. Wi-Fi provides mobility, ease of installation, and flexibility but has limitations like interference, performance degradation, high power usage, and limited range. It has many applications beyond basic internet access like streaming, file sharing, and smart home device synchronization.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its purpose of eliminating cabling and making access to information easier. It describes the basic elements of a Wi-Fi network, such as access points and Wi-Fi cards, and how a Wi-Fi network works by creating a hotspot connected to the internet. Finally, it covers some applications of Wi-Fi like in homes, businesses, and for travelers, along with advantages such as mobility and ease of installation, and disadvantages such as low speeds and limited range.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi uses radio technologies like IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n to transmit and receive data at high speeds wirelessly. A Wi-Fi network works by creating a hotspot using an access point connected to the internet, which wireless enabled devices can then connect to within a range of 100 to 300 feet. Wi-Fi networks can be implemented in either an ad-hoc or infrastructure mode and have advantages like mobility, ease of installation, flexibility and cost savings over
This document discusses Wi-Fi and wireless networking security. It defines Wi-Fi as a wireless technology that uses radio frequencies to transmit data through the air based on the 802.11 standards. It describes the roles of the Wi-Fi Alliance and certification process. It provides an overview of the 802.11 standards including 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11a. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Wi-Fi and outlines some basic security strategies and techniques used to secure wireless networks like blocking the SSID, changing default passwords, and using firewalls.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It uses radio technologies like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g to transmit and receive data wirelessly. The basic components of a Wi-Fi network are access points that connect wireless devices to the internet, Wi-Fi cards in devices, and security measures like firewalls. Wi-Fi networks can operate in different topologies like the infrastructure mode with an access point or in ad-hoc peer-to-peer mode between devices. Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity for various applications in homes, businesses, corporations, and more.
Wi-Fi, or wireless fidelity, is a wireless local area network technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless network connectivity between devices like computers, phones, and other electronics. It connects devices to each other and to the internet. There are different Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g that operate at different speeds and frequencies. A basic Wi-Fi network uses an access point to create a wireless hotspot that devices can connect to wirelessly to access the internet or network. Wi-Fi security aims to protect the integrity, encryption, and authentication of data transmitted over the network.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi, including its history, standards, topologies, security, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and future. It discusses how Wi-Fi works using radio frequencies to connect devices wirelessly. Key standards include 802.11a, b, g, and n, with newer versions providing higher speeds and improved security. Wi-Fi is commonly used both privately and publicly to access the internet via routers and hotspots.
This document discusses geolocation technologies and location-based apps. It begins by explaining how computers and mobile devices determine location through methods like IP address, GPS, and multilateration. It then lists and briefly describes several popular augmented reality, social check-in, and other location-based apps like Foursquare, Gowalla, and Yelp. The document concludes by asking the audience what geolocation apps they use or have heard about.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jongwook Woo at California State University Los Angeles on December 1st, 2016. The presentation introduced big data concepts and how the team implemented a geolocation analysis of crime data from Chicago using Hadoop Hive on the Microsoft Azure cloud. Visualizations of the results showed crime types by occurrence, tables of crime data, and a map highlighting safer and less safe areas of Chicago based on the analysis. The team concluded the analysis could help people search for safer places to live and potentially integrate with rental companies.
This document summarizes a presentation on geolocation. It defines geolocation as using location technologies to determine the real-world geographic location of a device. It discusses the history and rise of geolocation on the web from 2009 onward. It then covers various location technologies like IP geolocation, triangulation, GPS, Wi-Fi and cell towers. It provides code examples and applications of using geolocation such as finding nearby points of interest, turn-by-turn navigation, and geotagging photos taken on mobile devices.
Hi guys,
This vehicular sensor networks is based on AD-hoc networks it is a real time project mmm..all most completed in US & UK...in india 50% of the project is completed.
ii had sent this ppt to NIT wgl out of 256 ppts only they were selected 12 ppts..in that my ppt is 3rd one...mmm..i felt soo gud at the moment..
if ur interested u can download and add ur thoughts...in the gud manner...
W3C Geolocation API - Making Websites Location-awareRyan Sarver
The document discusses the W3C Geolocation API, which allows websites to detect the user's location. It provides an overview of the API and location technologies, examples of how to use the API, and upcoming geo events. The API allows websites to get the user's location either once or periodically with callbacks that return position and error objects. Common location technologies discussed are IP geolocation, GPS, Wi-Fi, and cell tower triangulation.
This document discusses using vehicular networks to disseminate information for applications like traffic and parking management. It proposes that vehicles equipped with sensors and wireless connectivity could form ad hoc networks to share real-time data. This would allow more efficient routing, reduced wait times, and savings on fuel. Several data dissemination approaches are described, including vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-vehicle, and an epidemic dissemination method. Challenges with scalability, mobility, and reliability are also discussed. The goal is to explore how vehicular networks can efficiently distribute large amounts of sensing data in dynamic mobile environments.
The document discusses the MAC sublayer in the 802.11n wireless LAN standard. It describes how the 802.11n MAC sublayer aims to improve protocol efficiency, support quality of service standards, and minimize contention overhead through techniques like selective retransmission. It also examines how the 802.11n MAC protocol operates in different modes and addresses problems like hidden and exposed nodes through physical and virtual sensing methods.
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation used in communications and cooking. Microwave ovens work by using a magnetron to generate microwaves around 2.45 GHz, which are transmitted into the oven cavity and absorbed by water molecules in food, causing them to heat up rapidly. The first microwave oven was invented accidentally in 1947 when a researcher discovered that microwaves could cook food quickly. Modern microwave ovens have safety mechanisms to prevent exposure to high levels of microwaves.
This document discusses vehicular networks. It defines vehicular networks as mobile ad hoc networks that allow vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. The key components are the vehicles themselves that form the mobile nodes, and roadside infrastructure that helps enable intelligent broadcasting. Example applications include electronic brake lights, traffic information systems, and traffic safety/management services.
Wifi has significantly changed modern life by enabling convenient internet access from anywhere. It has made communication easier and more efficient through tools like email, social media, and video chat. People can now stay constantly connected to information and each other through their smartphones and laptops. However, overreliance on digital connectivity has also negatively impacted social interaction and physical activity as people spend more time online isolated from friends and family or playing games indoors.
Vehicular networks allow vehicles to communicate with each other (vehicle-to-vehicle) and with roadside infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure). Vehicles act as moving nodes that form a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Key aspects include dynamic topology, location-based routing protocols, and applications related to safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Communications can be unicast, multicast, or broadcast between vehicles and infrastructure to support functions like electronic brake lights, platooning, and traffic information systems.
A microwave oven works by using a magnetron to generate microwave radiation that vibrates the water molecules in food, causing them to heat up and cook the food. Specifically, (1) a magnetron generates microwaves around 2.45 GHz, (2) these microwaves cause polar molecules like water to rotate and produce heat through dielectric heating, and (3) a waveguide and stirrer distribute the microwaves evenly inside the oven cavity to cook the food quickly and efficiently. Microwave ovens offer advantages like saving time and energy compared to conventional cooking methods.
1. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) use vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication to share safety information, improving road safety.
2. VANETs allow vehicles to form a temporary network without any preexisting infrastructure, distributing real-time information to avoid accidents.
3. Current research focuses on applications for traffic scenarios, as well as addressing challenges relating to network topology, routing mechanisms, security, and minimizing power consumption.
This document provides an overview of geolocation technologies in LTE networks. It discusses the LTE network architecture including the E-UTRAN and EPC components. It describes the LTE radio protocol architecture including the user plane and control plane stacks. The document then focuses on geolocation aspects in LTE, outlining the control plane and user plane positioning approaches. It discusses the LPP and SUPL positioning protocols and technologies like E-CID, TDOA and A-GNSS. Indoor geolocation techniques including triangulation methods and wireless technologies are also covered. Finally, geolocation on iOS and Android platforms and other systems like GLONASS are summarized.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. UWB uses short radio pulses rather than modulated carrier waves for communication. It has advantages like high data transfer rates, low power usage, immunity to interference, and ability to pass through obstacles. UWB can be used for applications such as wireless local area networks, sensor networks, tracking/positioning, and communications. The document discusses UWB principles, technologies like impulse radio, challenges including standardization, and potential applications and advantages of UWB technology.
Optical Wireless Communications - from the space to the chip.Joaquin Perez
A short introduction to the applications of the OWC in to the short-range to the deep-space applications. Form visible light communications to wearables, OWC is a way to reuse our natural space of communications the free space and the light.
Seminar presented at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain during the OQCG regular seminars' series, March 2014. by Dr Joaquin Perez
Indoor geolocation is an emerging technology that has applications in commercial, public safety, and military domains. It uses various techniques like RSS, AOA, TOA, and TDOA to locate tags or mobile devices within buildings. Key challenges include multipath effects from the indoor environment and lack of line of sight between devices, which reduce location accuracy. Existing short-range technologies like RFID have limited range, while mid-range options have reliability issues. The 3D-iD system presented a potential solution using an indoor antenna infrastructure and cell controllers to determine tag locations through triangulation of signal distances to multiple antennas.
This document discusses Wi-Fi networks and their components. It covers Wi-Fi technologies such as 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g and 802.11ac. The key elements of a Wi-Fi network are access points and Wi-Fi cards. Access points connect wireless devices to the internet and each other. The document also describes how Wi-Fi networks work, common network topologies, applications of Wi-Fi and advantages like mobility and disadvantages like potential interference issues.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi, including its standards, hotspots, network elements, how it works, advantages, limitations, and security techniques. It discusses the evolution of Wi-Fi standards such as 802.11, super Wi-Fi, and defines hotspots as locations that provide public wireless network access. The key components of a Wi-Fi network are described as access points, Wi-Fi cards/adapters, and security is covered including WEP, WPA, and WPA2 encryption protocols.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including its standards, network elements, configurations, applications, security threats and advantages/disadvantages. It discusses the IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g wireless standards and how they operate at different speeds and frequencies. It describes the basic components of a Wi-Fi network including access points and Wi-Fi cards. It also summarizes different Wi-Fi network topologies and security threats like eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks and denial-of-service.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the internet and communicate with one another without being physically connected with wires. It utilizes radio waves to enable wireless internet access within a particular area. The document discusses key aspects of Wi-Fi including its components like access points and Wi-Fi cards, how a Wi-Fi network works by creating hotspots, different network topologies, configurations, security measures, advantages like mobility and convenience, disadvantages such as limited range and security issues, and the future of Wi-Fi with technologies like the Internet of Things and increasing speeds.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including its standards, components, configurations, security features, and applications. Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to a wireless local area network and the Internet using radio waves. Common Wi-Fi standards are 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. A Wi-Fi network uses access points that act as base stations for connecting wireless devices within a range of about 100 feet indoors. Wi-Fi provides mobility and flexibility but can be slower than wired connections and more vulnerable to security issues.
The document discusses wireless fidelity (WiFi) and IEEE 802.11 standards. It describes the setup required for WiFi including access points and wireless cards. It then covers how WiFi works using radio waves, the network topologies of AP-based and peer-to-peer, and common WiFi security threats like eavesdropping and denial of service attacks. It also lists advantages, disadvantages, and applications of WiFi networks.
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet without being physically connected with wires. It uses radio waves to transmit data between devices like computers, smartphones and access points. Common standards include 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n. Wi-Fi networks have advantages like mobility and easy installation but also limitations such as limited range, security risks from interference and potential hacks. Basic security techniques are used to encrypt Wi-Fi connections and protect data transmission.
This document discusses wireless networks and Wi-Fi technology. It provides details on Bluetooth, how Wi-Fi networks work, and the different IEEE 802.11 standards (b, a, g, ac). It describes elements of a Wi-Fi network like access points and roaming between access points. Advantages are mobility and convenience while limitations include interference and power consumption. The document concludes that Wi-Fi allows high-speed internet without cables and is nearly universal with modern laptops having internal wireless cards.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including its standards, architecture, security features, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It describes the IEEE 802.11 standards for Wi-Fi networks, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It also outlines the basic components of a Wi-Fi network including access points and wireless cards. Additionally, it discusses how Wi-Fi networks function, different topology types, configurations, applications, and compares Wi-Fi to other wireless technologies like WiMAX.
The document discusses Wi-Fi technology and wireless networking. It describes Wi-Fi standards such as 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n and the emerging 802.11ac standard. It explains the basic elements of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also outlines how Wi-Fi networks function and different topology types including AP-based and peer-to-peer. Finally, it lists applications of Wi-Fi and advantages and disadvantages of the technology.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term owned by "WiFi Alliance" which refers to any Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 standard.
This presentation is prepared as reference of "E-Commerce Infrastructure" for BBA 6th Semester Students of Prime College. Document includes general introduction of WiFi Technology, WiFi Specification, advantages of WiFi and so on. Resources from various portals and slides from other authors has been used as reference.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including its definition, standards, network elements, how it works, advantages, limitations, security techniques, and future outlook. Wi-Fi allows wireless internet access through radio signals transmitted from an access point to devices with Wi-Fi capability. Common standards include 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, with newer versions providing higher speeds and better range. Security is important for Wi-Fi and techniques like WEP, WPA, and WPA2 provide encryption. The future of Wi-Fi looks promising as costs decrease and popularity increases.
This document discusses Wi-Fi technology and how Wi-Fi networks work. It begins with an introduction to wireless technology and defines Wi-Fi. It then explains the purpose of Wi-Fi is to enable wireless access and compatibility. The core components of a Wi-Fi network are access points and security measures. It also outlines the different Wi-Fi standards, applications, security features, and advantages/disadvantages of Wi-Fi technology.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology. It defines Wi-Fi as a wireless networking standard that allows devices to connect to the internet and each other without cables. The document outlines the various IEEE 802.11 wireless standards, how Wi-Fi networks are established through wireless access points and wireless cards, and common locations for Wi-Fi hotspots like airports, hotels, and coffee shops. It also discusses Wi-Fi security techniques, advantages and limitations of Wi-Fi networks, and predicts continued growth and popularity of Wi-Fi connectivity in the future.
WiFi or wireless fidelity allows devices to connect to the Internet without wires. It uses wireless technology to send and receive data within the range of a wireless access point. Typical users of WiFi include travelers, businesspeople, students and anyone with a laptop. Common places to install WiFi access points include airports, hotels, coffee shops and malls to provide Internet access to mobile users. Key components of a WiFi network include wireless cards or adapters, access points, routers, and an Internet connection. WiFi standards like 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11a define specifications for wireless networking.
This document discusses wireless networking technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. It describes how Wi-Fi networks work using access points to connect devices within a local area. The document outlines different Wi-Fi standards over time (802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11ac) that have increased speeds. It also discusses elements of a Wi-Fi network like access points, cards, and roaming between access points. Advantages include mobility and convenience while limitations include range and interference.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology, including its key components, how a Wi-Fi network works, different network topologies and configurations, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It describes that Wi-Fi uses access points and wireless cards to connect devices to each other and the internet wirelessly. It also explains that a Wi-Fi network broadcasts from an access point to enable devices within range to connect to the hotspot and network.
This document provides an overview of Wi-Fi technology. It discusses Wi-Fi standards such as 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It describes Wi-Fi network elements including access points and Wi-Fi cards. It explains how Wi-Fi networks work and common topologies. It also covers Wi-Fi configurations, applications, security aspects, and advantages/disadvantages. The document presents Wi-Fi as a wireless alternative to wired networks that allows devices to connect without cables using radio technologies.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within the range of a wireless access point. It provides freedom of movement and allows users to access the Internet from various locations without wires. There are different Wi-Fi standards that operate at different speeds using different frequency bandwidths. Popular locations to install Wi-Fi include airports, hotels, restaurants, coffee shops, bookstores and shopping malls to provide Internet access to customers and business users with laptops. Setting up Wi-Fi requires a wireless-enabled device, a wireless adapter or card, an access point connected to a broadband Internet connection, and optionally a network interface card for a wired network connection.
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2. Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, is freedom: it
allows a person to connect to the Internet
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology. Wi-Fi
enabled computers send and receive data
indoors and out; anywhere within the range of
a base station.
Its just as fast as a cable modem
connection.
Allows you to access the Internet while on
the move ; you can remain online while
moving from one area to another, without a
disconnection or loss in coverage.
3. Wireless Technology is commonly
used for connecting devices in wireless
mode.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic
term that refers to the IEEE 802.11
communications standard for Wireless
Local Area Networks (WLANs).
Wi-Fi Network connect computers to
each other, to the internet and to the
wired network.
it is possible to create high-speed
wireless local area networks
4. Why Wi-Fi?
Setup Cost – Reduced cabling required
Flexibility – Quick and easy to setup in
temp or permanent space
Scaleable – Can be expanded with
growth
Freedom – You can work from any
location that you can get a signal
Lower total cost of ownership – Because
s of affordability and low install cost
Additionally
5. THE WI-FI TECHNOLOGY
Wi-Fi Networks use Radio Technologies to transmit
& receive data at high speed:
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11g
6. IEEE 802.11B
Appear in late 1999
Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum
11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m Range
4-6 Mbps (actual speed)
100 -150 feet range
Most popular, Least Expensive
Interference from mobile phones and Bluetooth devices
which can reduce the transmission speed.
7. IEEE 802.11A
Introduced in 2001
Operates at 5 GHz (less popular)
54 Mbps (theoretical speed)
15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)
50-75 feet range
More expensive
Not compatible with 802.11b
8. IEEE 802.11G
Introduced in 2003
Combine the feature of both standards (a,b)
100-150 feet range
54 Mbps Speed
2.4 GHz radio frequencies
Compatible with ‘b’
9. What do you need to
do Wi -fi?
Existing wired network/services
(Infrastructure Mode)
DHCP/DNS
Access point
Antennas and bridges
Wireless adapter
10. How Wi-Fi works
If you've been in an airport, coffee
shop, library or hotel recently chances are you've
been right in the middle of a wireless network.
Many people also use wireless networking, also
called Wi-Fi to connect their computers at home , and
some cities are trying to use the technology to provide
free or low-cost internet access to residents.
11. ELEMENTS OF A WI-FI NETWORK
Access Point (AP) - The AP is a
wireless LAN transceiver or “base
station” that can connect one or many
wireless devices simultaneously to the
Internet.
Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless
signal and relay information. They can be
internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA Card
for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)
Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus
software protect networks from uninvited
users and keep information secure.
13. Point-to-point TOPOLOGY
Usually very high speed and
high capacity
Requires a clear line of sight
to tower
Backbone, or backhaul
connectivity
Corporate/Business Class
service
• .
14. Point-to-multipoint
Similar technology to point-
to-point network
This is used to connect a LAN
in one building to a LANs in
other buildings even if the
buildings are miles apart
21. EAVESDROPPING
• Easy to perform, almost impossible to detect
• By default, everything is transmitted in clear text
• Usernames, passwords, content ...
• No security offered by the transmission medium
• Different tools available on the internet
• Network sniffers, protocol analysers . . .
• Password collectors
• With the right equipment, it’s possible to
eavesdrop traffic from few kilometers away
22. MITM ATTACK
Attacker spoofes a
disassociate message from the
victim
The victim starts to look for a
new access point, and the
attacker advertises his own AP
on a different channel, using
the real AP’s MAC address
The attacker connects to the
real AP using victim’s MAC
address
23. DENIAL OF SERVICE
Attack on transmission frequecy used
Frequency jamming
Not very technical, but works
Attack on MAC layer
Spoofed deauthentication / disassociation messages
can target one specific user
Attacks on higher layer protocol (TCP/IP protocol)
SYN Flooding
24. ADVANTAGES
Mobility
Ease of Installation
Flexibility
Cost
Reliability
Security
Use unlicensed part of the radio spectrum
Roaming
Speed
25. DISADVANTAGE
To no longer The use of
WiFi band that is 2.4 GHz
does not require a license in
most countries provided that
is stays below limit of
100mW.
And one accepts
interference from other
sources; including
interference which causes
the users devices function.
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