Here is the some basic information regarding Tunneling & Rock Drilling Equipments which I have collected from different resources (Internet,Professors,Experts,Engineers,Companies etc). It would be very helpful for M.Tech students of Construction Engineering & Management.
-RAJARSHI
INTRODUCTION TO DRAG LINE AND THEIR WORKING PROCESS PLUS THEIR TYPE AND USES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE
THIS PRESENTATION IS OVER THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED IN DAILY BASIS
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in large construction projects. It discusses earthmoving equipment like power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clamshells and scrapers that are used for excavation and hauling. It also describes hauling equipment like dump trucks and dumpers. Further, it covers hoisting equipment such as cranes and conveying equipment used to transport materials. The document provides details on the working, applications and comparisons of different equipment types used widely in construction activities.
1. The document discusses various types of excavating equipment used in construction projects, including their applications and basic parts.
2. Equipment described include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, and trenching machines.
3. The efficient use of appropriate excavating equipment can contribute to cost savings, quality, safety, and timely completion of construction projects.
This document provides information about bulldozers, including their purpose, classification, and key components. It discusses the two main types of bulldozers - crawler dozers and wheel tractor mounted dozers. It also describes the different types of blades used - front casting and angle blades - and how they move earth. Finally, it compares the advantages of crawler and wheel mounted bulldozers and discusses factors that affect bulldozer output.
Power shovel is a bucket equipped constuction equipment used for excavating and transporting all classes of earth (except solicd rocks without prior loosening) to nearby trucks or other hauling equipments.
Its about drag line introduction , types ,methods and its working with some images and its very helpful in education and engineering students who have projected on construction equipment base topics.
The document discusses various aspects of tunnel engineering. It begins by introducing tunnels and their uses for transportation. It then discusses the Thames Tunnel in London as an example. The document outlines several advantages of tunneling over other methods. It also discusses considerations for selecting tunnel routes and economies of tunneling. The remainder of the document describes various tunneling methods through both rock and soft ground, as well as tunnel drainage, lighting, ventilation, lining, and maintenance.
This document discusses various aspects of tunnel construction including definitions, purposes, factors affecting construction, major tunnels in India, shapes of tunnels, geological surveys, design considerations, construction methods, and conclusions. It defines a tunnel as an underground passageway dug through surrounding soil or rock and enclosed except at entrances and exits. Common construction methods described are cut-and-cover, tunnel boring machine (TBM), shield technique, pipe jacking, and sprayed concrete. Design considerations include alignment, tunnel lining, groundwater control, ventilation, and investigation.
INTRODUCTION TO DRAG LINE AND THEIR WORKING PROCESS PLUS THEIR TYPE AND USES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE
THIS PRESENTATION IS OVER THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED IN DAILY BASIS
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in large construction projects. It discusses earthmoving equipment like power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clamshells and scrapers that are used for excavation and hauling. It also describes hauling equipment like dump trucks and dumpers. Further, it covers hoisting equipment such as cranes and conveying equipment used to transport materials. The document provides details on the working, applications and comparisons of different equipment types used widely in construction activities.
1. The document discusses various types of excavating equipment used in construction projects, including their applications and basic parts.
2. Equipment described include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, and trenching machines.
3. The efficient use of appropriate excavating equipment can contribute to cost savings, quality, safety, and timely completion of construction projects.
This document provides information about bulldozers, including their purpose, classification, and key components. It discusses the two main types of bulldozers - crawler dozers and wheel tractor mounted dozers. It also describes the different types of blades used - front casting and angle blades - and how they move earth. Finally, it compares the advantages of crawler and wheel mounted bulldozers and discusses factors that affect bulldozer output.
Power shovel is a bucket equipped constuction equipment used for excavating and transporting all classes of earth (except solicd rocks without prior loosening) to nearby trucks or other hauling equipments.
Its about drag line introduction , types ,methods and its working with some images and its very helpful in education and engineering students who have projected on construction equipment base topics.
The document discusses various aspects of tunnel engineering. It begins by introducing tunnels and their uses for transportation. It then discusses the Thames Tunnel in London as an example. The document outlines several advantages of tunneling over other methods. It also discusses considerations for selecting tunnel routes and economies of tunneling. The remainder of the document describes various tunneling methods through both rock and soft ground, as well as tunnel drainage, lighting, ventilation, lining, and maintenance.
This document discusses various aspects of tunnel construction including definitions, purposes, factors affecting construction, major tunnels in India, shapes of tunnels, geological surveys, design considerations, construction methods, and conclusions. It defines a tunnel as an underground passageway dug through surrounding soil or rock and enclosed except at entrances and exits. Common construction methods described are cut-and-cover, tunnel boring machine (TBM), shield technique, pipe jacking, and sprayed concrete. Design considerations include alignment, tunnel lining, groundwater control, ventilation, and investigation.
The document discusses different methods of tunneling in soft ground and hard rock. It describes various types of soft ground and factors that affect the choice of tunneling method. Methods for soft ground include those using timber supports as well as shield, compressed air, and linear plate methods. For hard rock, common techniques are the full face, heading and bench, and drift methods. Sequence of operations are provided for different soft ground and hard rock tunneling approaches.
This document discusses different types of excavators used in construction. It describes the history and development of excavators from the late 1700s/early 1800s. It outlines three main types of excavators - crawler excavators, wheel excavators, and shovel excavators. Crawler excavators are used in hilly areas due to their low ground pressure, while wheel excavators are used for plain ground operations. Shovel excavators include power shovel, backhoe, and front shovel excavators. The document provides details on the applications and operation of each type. It also discusses factors that affect shovel excavator production rates, such as bucket size, cycle times, fill factors, and operator efficiency.
The document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in projects. It classifies equipment into 8 categories including earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production, pile-driving, tunneling and dewatering equipment. Key earth-moving equipment discussed include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, scrapers and bull dozers. Their applications, parts and differences are summarized. Trenching machines are used for excavating trenches. The document compares characteristics of crawler and wheeled tractors. Overall, the document introduces common construction equipment used in operations like excavation, material movement and compaction.
This document discusses rippers, which are attachments used to tear apart hard or frozen ground more efficiently. It defines rippers and includes a line diagram. Rippers excavate land faster and provide better quality output. They are used to excavate foundations, remove clay and gravel, cut drainage pipes, roads in hills, and ditches. Factors like the job size, type of ground, haul road conditions, and traction requirements determine the appropriate ripper size. Rippers require ongoing maintenance and repair, with costs increasing over the equipment's service life. Rippers are commonly used in construction to move large amounts of soil and debris and are equipped with claw-like rippers to loosen compacted materials. Ripper costs vary depending
The document describes different types of earthwork equipment: wheel loaders, backhoes, excavators, scrapers, motor graders, rollers, and dump trucks. It provides details on the purpose and operation of loaders, backhoes, scrapers, excavators, graders, and various types of rollers used for soil compaction. Dump trucks are also mentioned as an alternative to scrapers for transporting excavated soil.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. It also covers compacting equipment like smooth wheel rollers, sheep-foot rollers, and pneumatic tired rollers. Additional equipment covered include pile driving rigs and their uses in transferring surface loads into the ground. The document aims to classify and explain the purpose and functioning of many important pieces of machinery used in construction projects.
During its forward movement, the blade cuts the ground and the loosened earth collected in the body of scraper. When the scraper is fully loaded, it is raised above ground d taken to the site of dumping. The earth from the scarper is than taken out by opening the bottom of it and the earth is laid in layer of required thickness.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
This document discusses various types of earth moving equipment used in construction projects. It describes excavation equipment like power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clamshell buckets used to excavate earth and load trucks. It also covers excavating and earth moving equipment like scrapers and bulldozers used to dig and transport materials over long distances. Finally, it summarizes earth compacting equipment like smooth drum rollers, sheepfoot rollers, and pneumatic tyred rollers used to compact excavated earth in embankments and prepare surfaces for construction.
Dredging involves excavating sediments and relocating them using specialized floating equipment called dredgers. There are several types of dredgers that differ in how they excavate and transport sediments. Mechanical dredgers use buckets and grabs to lift sediments, while hydraulic dredgers use pumps to create a slurry of sediments and water. Common dredgers include bucket ladder dredgers, grab dredgers, cutter suction dredgers, and trailing suction hopper dredgers. Dredging is used for capital projects like deepening ports, coastal engineering, and maintenance to maintain navigation depths. While necessary for development, dredging can disturb aquatic ecosystems by changing water chemistry and releasing nutrients and toxicants from sediments.
Drilling methods are used in construction and mining to drill holes in rock and earth. There are various types of drilling including rotary, percussion, and rotary-percussion. Rotary drilling uses rotation to cut holes while percussion drilling uses repeated impact force. Different drilling methods and equipment are suited to different applications depending on factors like the rock properties and depth of drilling required. Common drilling equipment includes jackhammers, stopers, drifters, and wagon drills which can be powered pneumatically, hydraulically, or electrically.
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. Factors affecting the selection of different earth moving equipment are outlined. Other equipment covered include motor graders, scrapers, bull dozers, tractors, rollers, pile driving equipment, and their applications in construction projects. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the components and operation of the major earth moving machinery.
Caissons are watertight structures used as foundations when construction needs to be done under water or in locations with a high water table. They are constructed out of materials like wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. There are different types of caissons including open caissons, box caissons, and pneumatic caissons. Caissons are sunk into position using methods like dredging or compressed air in a pneumatic caisson. Proper construction involves building curbs, plugs, and reinforcement to withstand loads and facilitate controlled sinking. Caissons allow foundations to be constructed in deep underwater locations for structures like bridges, piers, and buildings.
This document discusses different types of well foundations used in construction. It describes three main types: open caissons, which have open tops and bottoms; pneumatic caissons, which use air pressure; and box caissons, which are closed at the bottom. It provides details on each type, including advantages and disadvantages. Open caissons can be built to greater depths but inspection of the bottom is not possible. Pneumatic caissons allow work under water but require complex machinery. Box caissons have a lower construction cost but the foundation base cannot be inspected.
This document summarizes different types of piles used in construction foundations including friction piles, end bearing piles, sheet piles, load piles, and more. It describes how piles can be made of timber, steel, concrete, or composites. The document also outlines various pile driving methods such as drop hammers, single/double acting steam hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory drivers, and safety procedures for pile driving operations.
Transportation: Construction EquipmentsSanjana Gupta
- Transport involves moving people, goods and animals from one location to another using various modes like road, rail, air, water and pipelines.
- Vehicles used for transport include trucks, which come in various sizes and are used to haul goods over land. Specialized dump trucks are used to transport loose materials like sand and gravel and have open beds that can be hydraulically tilted to dump the material.
- Conveyors and elevators are stationary transport systems used to move materials continuously or vertically between locations and include belt, screw and bucket conveyors as well as hoist, construction and explosion proof elevators.
- Cranes are heavy lifting machines used across industries to lift and move heavy loads horizontally and
This document discusses various types of equipment used in concrete production and construction projects. It describes mixers like hand fed tilting drum mixers and loader fed tilting drum mixers used to mix concrete constituents. Other equipment mentioned include concrete pumps to transport liquid concrete, vibrators to compact concrete by removing air bubbles, crushers for demolishing and recycling waste concrete, and conveyors for horizontally or vertically transporting concrete. Weigh batchers, boom placers, pavers, and tanks are also briefly outlined.
This document discusses the selection and analysis of various types of construction equipment. It covers factors to consider in equipment selection such as cost, suitability for the job, availability and maintenance. It then provides details on common equipment used in earthwork, excavation, hauling, compaction and finishing. This includes scrapers, dozers, loaders, dump trucks, rollers, graders and conveyors. The key factors in selecting the appropriate equipment for a construction job are analyzed.
This document discusses principles of rock drilling for excavation by blasting. It describes two main drilling methods - rotary drilling and percussive drilling. Rotary drilling can be further divided into rotary cutting and rotary crushing using different drill bits. It is commonly used for large blast holes but has limitations in drilling non-vertical holes. Percussive drilling breaks rock through hammering impacts generated by pneumatic or hydraulic rock drills and transmits energy to the drill bit.
The document discusses different methods of tunneling in soft ground and hard rock. It describes various types of soft ground and factors that affect the choice of tunneling method. Methods for soft ground include those using timber supports as well as shield, compressed air, and linear plate methods. For hard rock, common techniques are the full face, heading and bench, and drift methods. Sequence of operations are provided for different soft ground and hard rock tunneling approaches.
This document discusses different types of excavators used in construction. It describes the history and development of excavators from the late 1700s/early 1800s. It outlines three main types of excavators - crawler excavators, wheel excavators, and shovel excavators. Crawler excavators are used in hilly areas due to their low ground pressure, while wheel excavators are used for plain ground operations. Shovel excavators include power shovel, backhoe, and front shovel excavators. The document provides details on the applications and operation of each type. It also discusses factors that affect shovel excavator production rates, such as bucket size, cycle times, fill factors, and operator efficiency.
The document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in projects. It classifies equipment into 8 categories including earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production, pile-driving, tunneling and dewatering equipment. Key earth-moving equipment discussed include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, scrapers and bull dozers. Their applications, parts and differences are summarized. Trenching machines are used for excavating trenches. The document compares characteristics of crawler and wheeled tractors. Overall, the document introduces common construction equipment used in operations like excavation, material movement and compaction.
This document discusses rippers, which are attachments used to tear apart hard or frozen ground more efficiently. It defines rippers and includes a line diagram. Rippers excavate land faster and provide better quality output. They are used to excavate foundations, remove clay and gravel, cut drainage pipes, roads in hills, and ditches. Factors like the job size, type of ground, haul road conditions, and traction requirements determine the appropriate ripper size. Rippers require ongoing maintenance and repair, with costs increasing over the equipment's service life. Rippers are commonly used in construction to move large amounts of soil and debris and are equipped with claw-like rippers to loosen compacted materials. Ripper costs vary depending
The document describes different types of earthwork equipment: wheel loaders, backhoes, excavators, scrapers, motor graders, rollers, and dump trucks. It provides details on the purpose and operation of loaders, backhoes, scrapers, excavators, graders, and various types of rollers used for soil compaction. Dump trucks are also mentioned as an alternative to scrapers for transporting excavated soil.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. It also covers compacting equipment like smooth wheel rollers, sheep-foot rollers, and pneumatic tired rollers. Additional equipment covered include pile driving rigs and their uses in transferring surface loads into the ground. The document aims to classify and explain the purpose and functioning of many important pieces of machinery used in construction projects.
During its forward movement, the blade cuts the ground and the loosened earth collected in the body of scraper. When the scraper is fully loaded, it is raised above ground d taken to the site of dumping. The earth from the scarper is than taken out by opening the bottom of it and the earth is laid in layer of required thickness.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
This document discusses various types of earth moving equipment used in construction projects. It describes excavation equipment like power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clamshell buckets used to excavate earth and load trucks. It also covers excavating and earth moving equipment like scrapers and bulldozers used to dig and transport materials over long distances. Finally, it summarizes earth compacting equipment like smooth drum rollers, sheepfoot rollers, and pneumatic tyred rollers used to compact excavated earth in embankments and prepare surfaces for construction.
Dredging involves excavating sediments and relocating them using specialized floating equipment called dredgers. There are several types of dredgers that differ in how they excavate and transport sediments. Mechanical dredgers use buckets and grabs to lift sediments, while hydraulic dredgers use pumps to create a slurry of sediments and water. Common dredgers include bucket ladder dredgers, grab dredgers, cutter suction dredgers, and trailing suction hopper dredgers. Dredging is used for capital projects like deepening ports, coastal engineering, and maintenance to maintain navigation depths. While necessary for development, dredging can disturb aquatic ecosystems by changing water chemistry and releasing nutrients and toxicants from sediments.
Drilling methods are used in construction and mining to drill holes in rock and earth. There are various types of drilling including rotary, percussion, and rotary-percussion. Rotary drilling uses rotation to cut holes while percussion drilling uses repeated impact force. Different drilling methods and equipment are suited to different applications depending on factors like the rock properties and depth of drilling required. Common drilling equipment includes jackhammers, stopers, drifters, and wagon drills which can be powered pneumatically, hydraulically, or electrically.
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. Factors affecting the selection of different earth moving equipment are outlined. Other equipment covered include motor graders, scrapers, bull dozers, tractors, rollers, pile driving equipment, and their applications in construction projects. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the components and operation of the major earth moving machinery.
Caissons are watertight structures used as foundations when construction needs to be done under water or in locations with a high water table. They are constructed out of materials like wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. There are different types of caissons including open caissons, box caissons, and pneumatic caissons. Caissons are sunk into position using methods like dredging or compressed air in a pneumatic caisson. Proper construction involves building curbs, plugs, and reinforcement to withstand loads and facilitate controlled sinking. Caissons allow foundations to be constructed in deep underwater locations for structures like bridges, piers, and buildings.
This document discusses different types of well foundations used in construction. It describes three main types: open caissons, which have open tops and bottoms; pneumatic caissons, which use air pressure; and box caissons, which are closed at the bottom. It provides details on each type, including advantages and disadvantages. Open caissons can be built to greater depths but inspection of the bottom is not possible. Pneumatic caissons allow work under water but require complex machinery. Box caissons have a lower construction cost but the foundation base cannot be inspected.
This document summarizes different types of piles used in construction foundations including friction piles, end bearing piles, sheet piles, load piles, and more. It describes how piles can be made of timber, steel, concrete, or composites. The document also outlines various pile driving methods such as drop hammers, single/double acting steam hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory drivers, and safety procedures for pile driving operations.
Transportation: Construction EquipmentsSanjana Gupta
- Transport involves moving people, goods and animals from one location to another using various modes like road, rail, air, water and pipelines.
- Vehicles used for transport include trucks, which come in various sizes and are used to haul goods over land. Specialized dump trucks are used to transport loose materials like sand and gravel and have open beds that can be hydraulically tilted to dump the material.
- Conveyors and elevators are stationary transport systems used to move materials continuously or vertically between locations and include belt, screw and bucket conveyors as well as hoist, construction and explosion proof elevators.
- Cranes are heavy lifting machines used across industries to lift and move heavy loads horizontally and
This document discusses various types of equipment used in concrete production and construction projects. It describes mixers like hand fed tilting drum mixers and loader fed tilting drum mixers used to mix concrete constituents. Other equipment mentioned include concrete pumps to transport liquid concrete, vibrators to compact concrete by removing air bubbles, crushers for demolishing and recycling waste concrete, and conveyors for horizontally or vertically transporting concrete. Weigh batchers, boom placers, pavers, and tanks are also briefly outlined.
This document discusses the selection and analysis of various types of construction equipment. It covers factors to consider in equipment selection such as cost, suitability for the job, availability and maintenance. It then provides details on common equipment used in earthwork, excavation, hauling, compaction and finishing. This includes scrapers, dozers, loaders, dump trucks, rollers, graders and conveyors. The key factors in selecting the appropriate equipment for a construction job are analyzed.
This document discusses principles of rock drilling for excavation by blasting. It describes two main drilling methods - rotary drilling and percussive drilling. Rotary drilling can be further divided into rotary cutting and rotary crushing using different drill bits. It is commonly used for large blast holes but has limitations in drilling non-vertical holes. Percussive drilling breaks rock through hammering impacts generated by pneumatic or hydraulic rock drills and transmits energy to the drill bit.
This document discusses different methods for drilling blast holes in rock for excavation purposes. It describes rotary drilling which uses rotation to cut or crush rock with drill bits. Rotary drilling is best for softer rocks and produces larger diameter holes but cannot drill at angles from vertical. Percussive drilling uses hammering impacts from pneumatic or hydraulic rock drills to break rock and can drill angled holes better than rotary drilling. The document provides an overview of key parameters for planning blast hole drilling and compares products from Atlas Copco for different applications.
This document provides information about different types of rock drilling methods. It begins with definitions of rock drilling and the main components of drilling machines. It then describes the three main types of rock drilling: 1) Percussion drilling which includes jackhammers and drifters, 2) Abrasion drilling such as blast hole drills and diamond drills, and 3) Fusion piercing drilling which uses rotating reamers and high-temperature flames. For each type, several examples are given and brief descriptions of how they operate are provided.
This document discusses principles of surface rock drilling used for excavating rock through blasting. It describes the main drilling methods of rotary and percussive drilling. Rotary drilling uses rotation to cut or crush rock, while percussive drilling uses hammer impacts to break rock. The document compares factors like drilling productivity, efficiency and costs between different drilling rigs and methods. It provides guidelines to selecting the best drilling approach based on hole size and application.
I was Visited a Site of Bajaj Engineers Project. We have seen their many problems arise in pile foundation and we think how this Problem Should Be Solved?
We Have Visited This Site And Decided To Do Project To Solve This Problem. Our Problem is pile foundation. According To Our Survey This Problem should be reduced by taking such steps towards this problem. We Make Survey On Whole Site And Find Out Problems And We Should Work On To Find Out Solution To Solve Problems
This document discusses shaft design and sinking methods. It defines different types of shafts and their purposes. Shaft design involves selecting materials and considering stresses, strength, deflection and vibration. Common materials are steel alloys. Shafts are sunk using various methods like drilling and blasting, wood/steel piling, open caisson, cementing or freezing processes. Factors in choosing a vertical or inclined shaft include the ore body geometry and depth. The document provides details on shaft sinking and construction.
This document discusses shaft design and sinking methods. It defines different types of shafts and their purposes. Shaft design involves selecting materials and considering stresses, strength, deflection, and vibration. Common materials are steel alloys. Shaft sinking methods include drilling and blasting, mucking, and shaft boring machines. Wall support involves rock bolting, meshing, cast-in-place concrete lining, and pre-cast concrete segments. Traditional methods include wood/steel piling and open caisson sinking. Modern methods include cementation and freezing processes to stabilize soil during sinking. Shaft types and sinking methods must be chosen based on the ore body and economic factors.
Tunnel-boring machines are the main equipment for the construction of trenchless underground engineering projects such as rail transit, municipal engineering, railway tunnels, etc. This paper reviews various tunnel boring machine types, cutting tools, and machine performance through several case studies. It was found that these machines are highly efficient in various projects associated with hydropower, sewerage, water supply, machination, and transportation.
The document summarizes drilling and blasting equipment used in mining and construction. It describes various types of drills like percussion drills, abrasion drills, and fusion piercing. It also discusses components of drilling like drills, drill bits, and different drilling patterns. The document then explains the blasting process which involves using explosives like dynamite, detonators, fuses, and blasting caps. Proper handling and transportation of explosives is important for safety. The blasting procedure involves making blast holes, inserting charges, tamping, and detonating with a fuse or detonator.
The document summarizes shaft sinking methods for underground mining. It defines shaft sinking as the excavation of a vertical or inclined opening from the surface for transport of materials, ventilation, pumping water, and hoisting ore. Conventional shaft sinking involves drilling, blasting, mucking out debris, installing temporary supports like timber boards or steel rings, and eventually permanent concrete lining. Newer mechanical methods using vertical shaft machines or tunnel boring machines can significantly increase safety and productivity compared to conventional drilling and blasting. Selecting the appropriate sinking method depends on factors like depth, geology, costs, and available technology.
This document provides information about tunnel construction using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It discusses the various steps of NATM tunneling including drilling, blasting, mucking, shotcreting, installing lattice girders and rock bolts, and ventilation. NATM is advantageous for tunneling in soft ground as it monitors rock deformation and designs support structures accordingly. The document outlines the typical sequence of NATM tunnel construction and importance of factors like geology and ventilation.
The document provides an overview of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and their history and use in tunnel construction. Some key points:
- The first shield-based tunneling method was developed by Marc Isambard Brunel in 1825 to construct the Thames Tunnel, though miners still did the digging. Later improvements led to round-shaped "tube" tunnels in London.
- Early mechanical TBMs in the mid-1800s had limited success digging through rock and shale. The modern breakthrough was the rotating cutting head, based on earlier percussion drills.
- TBMs can be specialized for different soil/rock types, using slurry, earth pressure balance, or cutting wheels for rock.
rock excavation, different open cast or open pit excavation machinery, application, limitations, highwall miner, bucket wheel excavatorr, bucket chain excavator, shovels
Abhishek S. Kulkarni's project discusses tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Some key points:
- TBMs excavate tunnels through a variety of geological conditions with diameters from 1-15m, allowing underground passages to be constructed without disturbing the surface.
- TBMs are preferred over conventional tunneling methods in urban areas and underground mining due to increased safety and speed of construction.
- Main components of TBMs include the cutter head, shield, trailing support mechanisms, conveyor systems, and control cabin.
- Earth pressure balance TBMs are suitable for urban tunneling as they control subsurface pressures and subsidence during tunneling in soft, water
Larsen and Toubro (Lucknow Metro Project) Summer Internship PresentationShuBham RaNa
Hello Friends Myself SHUBHAM RANA . I am pursuing B.Tech in Civil Engineering from IIT ROORKEE. This is the glimpse of my work and basic aspects which I learned while doing my Internship in Larsen and Toubro Heavy Civil Infra IC. Thank You :)
Nhpc training report civil engineerimg_bit_mesra_ISHANT GAUTAMIshant Gautam.
This document provides an overview of the vocational training received by Ishant Gautam at the Chamera Hydroelectric Power Project Stage III, operated by NHPC Limited in Himachal Pradesh, India. The project includes construction of a 68-meter high concrete gravity dam on the Ravi River with three radial gates. Other structures discussed include a highway tunnel, diversion tunnel, coffer dam, intake structures, desilting chambers, and silt flushing tunnels. The training covered various aspects of construction and operation of the project.
Tunnel-boring machines are the primary gear for the development of trenchless underground designing tasks, for example, rail travel, civil designing, railroad tunnels, and so on. This paper reviews various tunnel boring machine types, cutting tools, and machine performance through several case studies.
This document provides information on various topics related to tunnelling including introduction, role of geology, factors improving tunnelling, problems associated with tunnelling, future considerations, terms related to mining practices and tunnelling, tunnel service classification, methods of tunnelling, development of drills, equipment used, drilling processes, and specific drilling equipment. It discusses the importance of tunnels, describes different types of tunnels based on use and ground conditions, and outlines key factors to consider for tunnel design and construction methods.
This document provides an overview of the Kirandul iron ore mine complex located in Chhattisgarh, India. It discusses the introduction of the mine, branches of NMDC India, geology of the deposit, resource estimation, mining technology using shovel-dumper combinations, machinery used, bench parameters, drilling and blasting procedures, the crushing plant, and safety precautions at the mine. The mine began production in 1968 and uses open-pit mining methods to extract iron ore which is then processed through crushing and screening to produce finished lump and fine products.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
2. Tunnelling
Definition:
• Tunnels are artificial underground passages
opened at both ends constructed for different
purposes.
• Required for highways,railways, sewerage,
water supply, public utilities and canals.
RAJARSHIPATTY
3. HISTORY
• The oldest tunnel was constructed4000 years
ago in ancient Babylon to underpassthe bed
of river Euphrates and to establish an
undergroundconnection between the royal
palace and Temple of Jove.
• The length of the tunnel was 1 km and it was
built with the considerable cross-section
dimensionsof 3.6 m by 4.5 m
RAJARSHIPATTY
4. REASONS TO BUILD A TUNNEL
• To avoid an obstacle such as a mountain.
• To overcome a water obstacle.
• Built to connect between military posts so the
movement between them will not be visible
for the enemy.
• built for infrastructure like electricity cables,
water, communicationand sewerage to avoid
damage and disruption above ground.
RAJARSHIPATTY
5. ADVANTAGES OF TUNNELING
• Tunnels are more economical than open cuts beyond
certain depths.
• Tunnels avoid disturbing or interfering with surface life
and traffic during construction.
• Tunnels prove to be cheaper than bridges or open cuts
to carry public utility services like water, sewer and gas.
• If tunnels are provided with easy gradients, the cost of
hauling is decreased
• In case of aerial warfare and bombing of cities, the
tunnels would grant better protection as compared to
bridges.
RAJARSHIPATTY
6. TYPES OF TUNNELS
Mountain Tunnel:
a) Drilling and blasting (D&B) method
b) Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) method
RAJARSHIPATTY
7. TYPES OF TUNNELS
Shallow-buriedTunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel :
a) Cut-and-covermethod
b) Shield method
UnderwaterTunnel :
a) Immersed-tube method
b) Shield method
RAJARSHIPATTY
9. INSTRUMENTS USED IN TUNNEL
CONSTRUCTION
Crawler Excavator
Wheel Loaders
Crawler Loaders
Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs)
Immersed Tube
Different types Drilling & Blasting
Equipments
RAJARSHIPATTY
10. CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
APPLICATION:
Digging trenches, holes and foundations,as well
as for handling materials, moving earth,
demolition,dredging, etc. Other attachments
adapt the crawler excavator for boring,
ripping, crushing, cutting and lifting.
ManufacturingCompanies:
Komatsu,Volvo,BobCat,Link-Belt,Kubota etc.
RAJARSHIPATTY
11. CRAWLER EXCAVATOR FEATURES
COST: Varies from 45-80 lakhs.
ExcavationCapacity: 60 cu.mec/hr
Fuel: For EX200/EX210-> 12-14lt/hr
Mobile:0.1 lt/hr running
Life Span: 6 Years
Engine: EX 210 (Mostly Preferred)
RAJARSHIPATTY
13. WHEEL LOADERS
Application:
To transport materials from stock piles to trucks
Or, transport materials around job sites.
ManufacturingCompanies:
Volvo, Doosan, John Deer etc.
Cost: 20-23 lakhs
Capacity: 25 cumec/hr
Diesel Consumption:0.1lt/hr.
RAJARSHIPATTY
17. DRILLING
Definition:
The process of making a hole in hard material
such as rocks and earth.
Components:
1. Drill- Type of tool which holds the drill bit
and rotates it to provide axial force to create
a hole.
2. Drill bits- Cutting tools used to create
cylindricalholes.
RAJARSHIPATTY
19. PERCUSION DRILLS
Jackhammer or Sinkers- Air operated
drill, mainly used for drilling vertical holes.
Tripod drills- Mounted on tripod to
provide sufficient stability, used for very
hard rocks
RAJARSHIPATTY
20. TYES OF DRILLS:
Stop hammers- Thrust end to hold the drill against the
work and usually used for “up” holes.
Drifters- Similar to jackhammer, but so large that it requires
mechanical mounting.
RAJARSHIPATTY
21. Churns or Well drills-
Reciprocating Drill consisting of
a long steel bit mechanically
lifted and dropped to disintegrate
the rock.
Piston drills- Drill rod is securely
fastened to the piston and travels
the full length of thepiston
stroke.
Wagon drills-Drifter mounted
on a mast supported by two or
more wheels used to drill holes
at any angle from down to
slightly above horizontal.
RAJARSHIPATTY
22. ABRASION DRILLS:
DEFINITION- Grind rock into small
particles through abrasive effect of bit that
rotates in hole.
• TYPES-
1.Blast-holedrills
2.Shot drills
3.Diamond drills
Blast hole drills- Rotary drill consisting of
steel pipe drill stem on bottom of which is
roller bit that disintegrates the rock as it
rotates over it.
RAJARSHIPATTY
23. ABRASION DRILLS TYPES
Shot drills- Rotary drill whose bit consists of
a steel pipe with a roughened surface at
bottom.
Diamond drills- Rotary drill whose bit
consists of metal matrix consisting a large
number of diamonds disintegrating the rock
whilerotatin.
RAJARSHIPATTY
24. FUSION PIERCING
FUSION
Recent development in drilling holes for blasting purpose,
Produced by burning a mixture of oxygen and flux bearing fuel,
such as kerosene at the end of a blow pipe.
RAJARSHIPATTY
25. DRILLING PATTERNS
Selection of drilling pattern varies with the
type and size of the drill’s used, depth of
hole, kind of rock, quantity, rapidity of the
explosive & amount of steaming.
RAJARSHIPATTY
26. BLASTING
DEFINITION:
The process of breaking rocks into smaller
pieces by use of explosives.
TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES:
Explosives based on chemical nature.
Explosives based on availability.
RAJARSHI PATTY
27. EXPLOSIVESBASEDONCHEMICALNATURE
High or detonating explosives- Process is
extremely rapid, almost instantaneous.
Low or deflagrating Explosives- Low
velocity of burning and produce pressure by
progressiveburning.
RAJARSHIPATTY
28. EXPLOSIVE BASED ON AVAILABILITY
Powder explosive:
Slow burning , slow acting and low strength explosives
made either from potash nitrate or sodium nitrate.
Disruptive explosives or Dynamites:
Available in various sizes
and strength.
Approximate strength is
specified as a percentage of
ratio of weight of nitro-
glycerine to the total
weight of a cartridge.
RAJARSHIPATTY
29. DETONATORS
DEFINITION:
Cylindrical metal shells close at one end having
6.8 mm dia &50 mm height.
The ignition of detonator is done by blasting
fuse or electric ignitors.
Following is required for electric ignition:
1.Detonator.
2.Power source-dynamo.
3.Circuit line-iron or copper wires.
4.4.Electric ignitor-comprising 2 supply wires
detonator shell and priming charge.
5.Line testing apparatus-galvanoscope or
measuring bridge.
RAJARSHIPATTY
30. TOOLS FOR BLASTING
1.Dipper 2.Priming needle 3.Tamping bar etc.
Dipper: Used to drill hole to the required
depth
Priming Needle: Used to maintain the hole
while tamping.
Tamping Bar: Used to tamp the material
while refilling the blast hole.
RAJARSHIPATTY
32. Tunnel Boring Machine
Introduction
Tunnel Boring Machine are used to excavate
tunnels with circular c-s
It can bore tunnels of diameter 1-20 m
It made tunnel boring machine risk free.
They can be used in any geologies.
RAJARSHI PATTY
33. Tunnel Boring Machine Facts
Weight: 800 Tons
Length: 132 meter
Motors: 350 hp electric motor X 8 nos.
Energy Required: 50,00,000 watts (@max output)
Cutter Edge: 7m diameter, 60,000 pounds
maximum thrust.
Price: Rs. 70crore Only.
System is largely Automated
RAJARSHIPATTY
39. External Features
Advantages:
• Structural stability & safety at the face & work
area.
• Automated & Continuous first operation process.
• Low personnel expenditure.
• Exact excavation Profile.
• Less rock damage
• Less support requirements.
RAJARSHIPATTY
40. Features
Disadvantages:
• High Cost
• Highly trained operator needed
• Requires extensive detailed advance planning
of the entire driving & support process.
• Limitations on curve radii & enlargements
• Requires machines to be transported with
trailers to the tunnel portal.
RAJARSHIPATTY
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
