അല്ലാഹുവിന്റെ ഏകത്വത്തേയും, അവന്റെ നാമവിശേഷണങ്ങളേയും, മലക്കുകളേയും, വേദഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളേയും പ്രവാചകന്മാലരേയും, അന്ത്യനാളിനേയും, നന്മയും തിന്മയുമടങ്ങുന്ന വിധിയേയും സംബന്ധിച്ചുള്ള അഹ്ലു സ്സുന്നത്തി വല്
ജമാഅത്തിന്റെ വിശ്വാസം പൂര്ണ്ണഹമായും ഉള്ക്കൊിണ്ടിട്ടുള്ള സരളമായ കൃതിയാണ് ഇത്. ഒരു സത്യവിശ്വാസി നിര്ബുന്ധമായും മനസ്സിലാക്കിയിരിക്കേണ്ട വിശ്വാസപരമായ എല്ലാ വിഷയങ്ങളും ഇതില് പ്രതിപാദിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. വിശ്വാസപരമായി മുഅ്മിനിന്ന് ഉണ്ടായിത്തീരുന്ന നേട്ടങ്ങളെ സംബന്ധിച്ചും ഈ കൃതി സംസാരിക്കുന്നു.
Describes why the holy quran is the one and only true word from the creature of the universe.Describes various scientific facts that quran has explained 1400 years ago.The presentation is fully in Malayalam
Certain regions of the EM spectrum cannot be used for remote sensing due to atmospheric absorption. The regions that are not absorbed are called "atmospheric windows" which allow transmission of energy. The main atmospheric windows are in the visible and radio frequency regions, while other regions like X-Rays and UV are strongly absorbed. Ideal remote sensing systems do not exist in reality due to factors like variable energy sources, atmospheric effects, complex surface-energy interactions, limitations of sensors and data handling, and few users.
This document discusses map projections and their characteristics. It defines map projections as systematic transformations of a spherical surface to a flat surface for mapping purposes. Several types of map projections are described, each with specific properties and distortions. An ideal map projection is defined as one that accurately represents distances, angles, great circles and coordinates without any distortions, but in practice no single projection can achieve this. Key factors like scale, scale factor and representing scale on maps are also covered.
QVP Model Exam 1 (Surat Al Fathiha) RANK LISTSHAMJITH KM
This document contains the rank list of students who took the QVP Model Exam 1 on Surat Al-Fathiha. It lists 251 students by name, place, marks scored, and rank. The top 5 students all scored 20 marks and shared the rank of 1. The next group of 25 students scored 19 marks and were ranked between 5-25. The rankings continue with students scoring lower marks assigned progressively lower ranks.
This document discusses different types of sensors used in remote sensing. Passive sensors detect electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected from the object of interest, while active sensors emit their own radiation and measure the return signal. Examples of passive sensors mentioned are AVHRR for sea surface temperature and SeaWiFS for ocean color. Microwave and infrared radiometers are also passive sensors. Active sensors include altimeters, scatterometers, and synthetic aperture radars. The document provides examples of applications of remote sensing such as agriculture, cartography, engineering, geology, and oceanography.
A graticule is a network of lines, sometimes described as a grid, that is used for geographic plotting, scale, and focusing depending on the application. A common example is a grid of lines on a map corresponding to longitude and latitude.
അല്ലാഹുവിന്റെ ഏകത്വത്തേയും, അവന്റെ നാമവിശേഷണങ്ങളേയും, മലക്കുകളേയും, വേദഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളേയും പ്രവാചകന്മാലരേയും, അന്ത്യനാളിനേയും, നന്മയും തിന്മയുമടങ്ങുന്ന വിധിയേയും സംബന്ധിച്ചുള്ള അഹ്ലു സ്സുന്നത്തി വല്
ജമാഅത്തിന്റെ വിശ്വാസം പൂര്ണ്ണഹമായും ഉള്ക്കൊിണ്ടിട്ടുള്ള സരളമായ കൃതിയാണ് ഇത്. ഒരു സത്യവിശ്വാസി നിര്ബുന്ധമായും മനസ്സിലാക്കിയിരിക്കേണ്ട വിശ്വാസപരമായ എല്ലാ വിഷയങ്ങളും ഇതില് പ്രതിപാദിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. വിശ്വാസപരമായി മുഅ്മിനിന്ന് ഉണ്ടായിത്തീരുന്ന നേട്ടങ്ങളെ സംബന്ധിച്ചും ഈ കൃതി സംസാരിക്കുന്നു.
Describes why the holy quran is the one and only true word from the creature of the universe.Describes various scientific facts that quran has explained 1400 years ago.The presentation is fully in Malayalam
Certain regions of the EM spectrum cannot be used for remote sensing due to atmospheric absorption. The regions that are not absorbed are called "atmospheric windows" which allow transmission of energy. The main atmospheric windows are in the visible and radio frequency regions, while other regions like X-Rays and UV are strongly absorbed. Ideal remote sensing systems do not exist in reality due to factors like variable energy sources, atmospheric effects, complex surface-energy interactions, limitations of sensors and data handling, and few users.
This document discusses map projections and their characteristics. It defines map projections as systematic transformations of a spherical surface to a flat surface for mapping purposes. Several types of map projections are described, each with specific properties and distortions. An ideal map projection is defined as one that accurately represents distances, angles, great circles and coordinates without any distortions, but in practice no single projection can achieve this. Key factors like scale, scale factor and representing scale on maps are also covered.
QVP Model Exam 1 (Surat Al Fathiha) RANK LISTSHAMJITH KM
This document contains the rank list of students who took the QVP Model Exam 1 on Surat Al-Fathiha. It lists 251 students by name, place, marks scored, and rank. The top 5 students all scored 20 marks and shared the rank of 1. The next group of 25 students scored 19 marks and were ranked between 5-25. The rankings continue with students scoring lower marks assigned progressively lower ranks.
This document discusses different types of sensors used in remote sensing. Passive sensors detect electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected from the object of interest, while active sensors emit their own radiation and measure the return signal. Examples of passive sensors mentioned are AVHRR for sea surface temperature and SeaWiFS for ocean color. Microwave and infrared radiometers are also passive sensors. Active sensors include altimeters, scatterometers, and synthetic aperture radars. The document provides examples of applications of remote sensing such as agriculture, cartography, engineering, geology, and oceanography.
A graticule is a network of lines, sometimes described as a grid, that is used for geographic plotting, scale, and focusing depending on the application. A common example is a grid of lines on a map corresponding to longitude and latitude.
Remote sensing systems have four main types of resolution:
1. Spatial resolution determines the ability to detect fine spatial details like small objects. Higher resolution means smaller detectable objects.
2. Spectral resolution refers to the number and width of electromagnetic wavelength bands detected. Higher spectral resolution allows finer distinction between targets.
3. Radiometric resolution affects the ability to distinguish slight differences in radiation.
4. Temporal resolution is the frequency of data collection, usually days for satellites but can be more frequent depending on factors like swath overlap and latitude. Multi-temporal data is useful for observing changes over time.
This document provides an overview of structural dynamics and free vibration analysis of single degree of freedom systems. It defines key concepts like natural frequency, damping, and logarithmic decrement. Methods for analyzing undamped and damped free vibration are presented. Examples show how to calculate the natural frequency, time period, amplitude, and displacement as a function of time for undamped systems subjected to initial displacement or velocity conditions. Analysis of damped systems models the response as a decaying exponential function.
This document discusses the direct stiffness method for structural analysis. It begins by introducing the direct stiffness method and its key aspects, including using member stiffness matrices to express actions and displacements at both ends of each member. It then provides examples of applying the direct stiffness method to analyze a plane truss member and plane frame member. This involves deriving the member stiffness matrices in local coordinates, and transforming displacement, load, and stiffness matrices between local and global coordinate systems using rotation matrices.
Mowgli was rescued as a boy by the panther Bagheera and taken to live with wolves in the jungle. He learned the languages and customs of the wolves and also played with Baloo the bear. However, monkeys kidnapped Mowgli, and the tiger Shere Khan threatened to kill him. This led to fights between Mowgli and Shere Khan, and also Baloo defending Mowgli. In the end, Baloo told Mowgli he should live with humans in the village for his future, though it made Mowgli sad to leave. An human girl then helped Mowgli settle into his new home in the human village.
The document discusses the slope deflection method of structural analysis. It begins by deriving the fundamental slope deflection equations that relate end moments, slopes, and deflections of a beam. It then presents an example problem demonstrating the full procedure of applying the slope deflection method, which involves writing slope deflection equations for each member, establishing joint equilibrium equations, solving for unknown displacements, and substituting these into the slope deflection equations to determine end moments. The method provides a general approach for the analysis of continuous beams and frames.
This document discusses approximate analysis methods for multi-storey frames under vertical and lateral loads. It introduces the substitute frame method, portal method, and cantilever method for analyzing frames. An example problem demonstrates using the substitute frame method to analyze a frame for vertical loads, distributing fixed end moments using distribution factors. Homework is assigned to analyze another frame using the cantilever method under given loading conditions.
Every industry focus to build and improve the
chimney to create the eco-friend organization as well as to
satisfy the strict environmental board.
IS: 4998 criteria for design of reinforced concrete chimneys
is using working stress method for chimney designing.
There are some limitations of working stress method. Also
the designing is difficult involving lengthy, cumbersome
and iterative computational effort.
So we should recognize this problem and we should use
some time saving techniques like interaction envelopes to
optimize the structural design.
Chimneys with various heights from 65m to 280m are
analyzed and designed by working stress method and limit
state method for collapse and comparison of results are
discussed in this paper. Generation of interaction curves for
hollow circular section is also discussed in this paper.
This document discusses analysis of statically indeterminate structures using the force method. It begins by introducing statically and kinematically indeterminate structures. It then discusses the degree of static indeterminacy for different types of structures like beams, trusses, frames, and grids. It also discusses the different types of deformations that can occur in these structures. The document then covers the concepts of equilibrium, compatibility, and the force method of analysis using the method of consistent deformation. Several examples are provided to illustrate the calculation of degree of static indeterminacy for beams, trusses and frames. It also discusses kinematic indeterminacy and provides examples of its calculation for different structures.
This document provides an overview of the design of beams and one-way slabs for flexure, shear, and torsion according to IS 456. It discusses key concepts like requirements for flexural reinforcement, minimum and maximum reinforcement limits, clear cover, deflection control, and selection of member sizes. The document also includes a worked example showing the step-by-step design of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam for flexure. Design checks are performed to check for strength and deflection requirements. Modules for the course will cover analysis and design of beams, one-way slabs, and reinforcement detailing in accordance with limit state design principles and code specifications.
The document discusses the design of two-way slabs and staircases. It provides guidance on initial proportioning of slab thickness, analysis of bending moments using code provided coefficients, design of flexural reinforcement, checking for deflection and shear limits, and detailing of reinforcement. Specific examples are presented to demonstrate the design of simply supported and torsionally restrained slab panels with reinforcement calculated and laid out. Staircases are also briefly mentioned including different types like waist slab and folded plate.
Ultimate, serviceability, and special limit states are the major groups for reinforced concrete structural design. Ultimate limit states involve structural collapse from failure modes like rupture, buckling, or fatigue. Serviceability limit states disrupt use of the structure through excessive deflection, cracking, or vibration, but collapse is not expected. Special limit states cover abnormal conditions like earthquakes, fires, or long-term deterioration. Limit states design identifies potential failure modes and determines acceptable safety levels for normal and extreme loads.
The document discusses the design of columns and footings in concrete structures. It covers various topics related to column design including classification of columns based on type of reinforcement, loading, and slenderness ratios. Short columns subjected to axial loads with or without eccentricity are analyzed. Design aspects such as effective length, minimum reinforcement requirements, cover and transverse tie spacing are described based on code specifications. Equations for equilibrium of uniformly loaded short columns are also presented.
This document discusses analysis of statically indeterminate structures using the force method. It begins by introducing degree of static indeterminacy and examples of structures with different degrees, such as beams, trusses, and frames. It then covers kinematic indeterminacy and examples. Key analysis methods discussed include the method of consistent deformations, Clapeyron's theorem of three moments, and minimum potential energy theorems. Structural elements and their typical deformations are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of plastic analysis for structural elements. It discusses key concepts like plastic hinges, plastic section modulus, shape factors, and load factors. Plastic analysis is used to determine the ultimate or collapse load of a structure by considering the redistribution of moments that occurs after sections yield. Common failure mechanisms for determinate and indeterminate beams involve the formation of one or more plastic hinges. Methods for plastic analysis include the static/equilibrium method and kinematic/mechanism method. Examples are given for calculating the collapse load of simple structural configurations using these methods.
Microwave sensing systems use sensors that operate in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between 1 mm and 1 m wavelengths. These sensors include radars and radiometers that can image outside the visible and infrared regions. Microwaves can penetrate haze, clouds, smoke and pollution, allowing these sensors to image in all weather conditions unlike visible and infrared sensors. Common microwave remote sensing platforms include synthetic aperture radar, scatterometers and radar altimeters.
Construction Materials and Engineering - Module IV - Lecture NotesSHAMJITH KM
The document discusses various basic components of building construction including substructure, superstructure, foundation, plinth, beams, columns, walls, arches, roofs, slabs, lintels, parapets, staircases, doors, windows and other elements. It provides descriptions of each component, their functions and materials typically used. Foundations discussed include isolated spread footing, wall/strip footing, combined footing, cantilever/strap footing and mat/raft footing for shallow foundations and pile, well/caisson and pier foundations for deep foundations. Flooring materials and requirements are also summarized along with technical terms for doors and windows.
Construction Materials and Engineering - Module III - Lecture NotesSHAMJITH KM
The document discusses various construction materials and methods. It covers topics like masonry, bricks, stone masonry, types of bonds, hollow block masonry, partition walls, modern construction methods, and damp proof courses. Masonry involves arranging masonry units like stone or bricks with mortar. There are different types of bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond and Flemish bond. Modern methods include framed construction, prefabricated construction and earthquake resistant construction. Damp proof courses are provided to prevent entry of moisture into buildings.
Construction Materials and Engineering - Module II - Lecture NotesSHAMJITH KM
This document provides information on various construction materials including paints, plastics, rubber, and aluminum. It discusses the ingredients, properties, types, and applications of paints. It also outlines the classification, characteristics, uses, advantages, and limitations of plastics. Details are provided on types of rubber like natural and synthetic rubber. Applications of aluminum in construction are also mentioned.
Construction Materials and Engineering - Module I - Lecture NotesSHAMJITH KM
This document provides information on various construction materials used in building, including their classification and properties. It discusses stones, classified as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic based on their geological formation. Bricks and tiles are described as clay products manufactured through processes of preparation, moulding, drying and burning. The characteristics of good building stones and various stone varieties are also summarized.
Computing fundamentals lab record - PolytechnicsSHAMJITH KM
The document is a lab record for a computing fundamentals course. It contains instructions for students on proper lab conduct and procedures. It also outlines 25 experiments to be completed, covering topics like computer hardware, operating systems, word processing, spreadsheets, programming, and calculations. General instructions are provided for safety and proper use of equipment in the computing lab.
Cement is a binding agent that undergoes hydration when mixed with water. There are various types of cement including ordinary Portland cement (OPC), rapid hardening cement, and sulphate resisting cement. Cement provides early strength through C3S and later strength through C2S. Heat is generated during cement hydration through an exothermic reaction. Proper storing, grading of aggregates, minimizing segregation, and adding admixtures can improve the properties of concrete.
നബി(സ)യുടെ നമസ്കാരം - രൂപവും പ്രാര്ത്ഥനകളുംSHAMJITH KM
- \_n(k) regularly led prayers and provided guidance during prayer gatherings.
- He taught to pray with humility and focus, avoiding idle thoughts or actions that distract from prayer.
- The summary provides guidance on proper prayer etiquette like standing, bowing, and order of movements based on hadith sources.
Design of simple beam using staad pro - doc fileSHAMJITH KM
The document describes designing a simple beam using STAAD.Pro software. It involves generating the beam geometry, applying loads and supports, analyzing the beam, and reviewing the results, which include the loading diagram, shear force diagram, bending moment diagram, deflection pattern, input file, concrete takeoff, and concrete design details. The key steps are 1) creating the beam model in STAAD.Pro, 2) applying the loading and support conditions, 3) analyzing the beam, and 4) reviewing the output results.
The document describes designing a simple beam using STAAD.Pro software. It involves generating the beam geometry, applying loads and supports, analyzing the beam, and designing the beam for concrete. Key steps include assigning the beam properties, applying a fixed support at one end and distributed and point loads, obtaining the loading diagram, shear force and bending moment diagrams, and running the concrete design. The output includes structural drawings, input files, concrete takeoff, and beam design details.
Python programs - PPT file (Polytechnics)SHAMJITH KM
The document discusses various Python programming concepts like addition, subtraction, average, volume calculations, conversions between Celsius and Fahrenheit, finding the largest of three numbers, determining if a number is odd or even, printing natural numbers up to a limit, and calculating the factorial of a number. Algorithms, flowcharts and Python code are provided for each concept as examples.
Python programs - first semester computer lab manual (polytechnics)SHAMJITH KM
The document contains Python algorithms and programs for various mathematical and logical operations like addition, subtraction, average, largest number, factorial, etc. Each section includes the algorithm, flowchart and Python code with sample output for each operation.
Python programming Workshop SITTTR - KalamasserySHAMJITH KM
This document provides an overview of Python programming. It begins with an introduction and outlines topics to be covered including what Python is, its features, basics of syntax, importing, input/output functions, and more. Various Python concepts and code examples are then presented throughout in areas such as data types, operators, decision making with if/else statements, loops (for and while), functions, and classes. Examples include calculating square roots, the volume of a cylinder, checking for prime numbers, and a multiplication table. The document serves as teaching material for a Python programming course.
Analysis of simple beam using STAAD Pro (Exp No 1)SHAMJITH KM
The document describes analyzing a simple beam using STAAD.Pro software. It discusses the steps taken, which include generating the beam model geometry by adding nodes and a member, specifying member properties and support types, applying loads, performing analysis, and viewing the results in the form of structure diagrams showing values like bending moment and shear force. The overall aim was to familiarize the user with STAAD.Pro's interface and analyze a basic beam structure.
This document contains questions and answers related to Computer Aided Drafting (CAD). It defines key CAD terms like AutoCAD, CAD, CADD and lists common CAD software packages. It describes the applications of CAD and shortcuts for common AutoCAD commands. The document also discusses CAD concepts like layers, blocks, arrays, rendering and perspectives. It provides standard paper sizes and outlines the model procedure for creating a CAD drawing in AutoCAD.
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) - seminar PPTSHAMJITH KM
This document discusses brain computer interfaces (BCI). It begins by providing background on early pioneers in the field like Hans Berger in the 1920s-1950s. It then discusses some key BCI developments from the 1990s to present day, including devices that allow paralyzed individuals to control prosthetics or computers using brain signals. The document outlines the basic hardware and principles of how BCIs work by interpreting brain signals to control external devices. It discusses potential applications like internet browsing, gaming, or prosthetic limb control. The benefits and disadvantages of BCIs are noted, and the future possibilities of using BCIs to enhance human abilities are explored.
Surveying - Module iii-levelling only noteSHAMJITH KM
This document defines levelling and its key terms like datum, mean sea level, bench mark, level surface, and level line. It describes levelling instruments like the dumpy level, wye level, and tilting level. It explains self-reading staffs, target staffs, and how to take readings. It discusses errors in levelling, curvature and refraction corrections, and methods for reducing levels including the height of instrument and rise-and-fall methods. Temporary adjustments to levelling instruments are also outlined.