This document discusses software testing practices and processes. It covers topics like unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, test planning, and test types. The key points are that testing aims to find errors, good testing uses both valid and invalid inputs, and testing should have clear objectives and be assigned to experienced people. Testing is done at the unit, integration and system levels using techniques like black box testing.
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It recommends executing tests with the goal of finding errors rather than proving correctness. Good practices include writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs, thoroughly inspecting results, and assigning experienced people to testing. Testing should occur at the unit, integration, validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance levels. The document also provides details on test planning, estimation, procedures, and reporting.
The document discusses software testing practices and levels of testing. It provides observations that testing finds bugs but not their absence, and good test cases have a high probability of finding defects. It outlines practices like avoiding non-reproducible testing and assigning experienced people to testing. The document also describes levels of testing from unit to acceptance testing and integration techniques like top-down and bottom-up. It discusses validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance testing as well as test planning, estimation, and formal validation exit criteria.
Different Software Testing Levels for Detecting ErrorsWaqas Tariq
Software testing is the process to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the program. But software testing is not a “miracle” that can guaranteed the production of high quality software system, so to enhance the quality of a software and to do a testing in more unified way, the testing process could be abstracted to different levels and each level of testing aims to test different aspects of the system. In my paper, I have described different level of testing and these different levels attempted to detect different types of defects. The goal here is to test the system against requirement, and to test requirement themselves.
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
Se 381 - lec 28 -- 34 - 12 jun12 - testing 1 of 2babak danyal
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and types of testing. It discusses the purpose of testing as detecting faults early to reduce costs and improve quality. It defines verification and validation, and describes non-execution based testing techniques like inspections and walkthroughs. It also covers execution based testing and the need to test for behavioral properties like utility, reliability, robustness, performance and correctness. Metrics for inspections and different fault handling techniques are also summarized.
This document discusses various software testing techniques. It begins by explaining the goals of verification and validation as establishing confidence that software is fit for its intended use. It then covers different testing phases from component to integration testing. The document discusses both static and dynamic verification methods like inspections, walkthroughs, and testing. It details test case development techniques like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Finally, it covers white-box and structural testing methods that derive test cases from examining a program's internal structure.
The document provides an overview of software testing concepts including definitions, principles, test types, and the test process. It discusses what testing is, different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. It also covers test planning, estimation, procedures, and reporting. The key aspects of testing covered are definitions of errors, faults, and failures. It emphasizes that testing can find bugs but not guarantee their absence.
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It recommends executing tests with the goal of finding errors rather than proving correctness. Good practices include writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs, thoroughly inspecting results, and assigning experienced people to testing. Testing should occur at the unit, integration, validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance levels. The document also provides details on test planning, estimation, procedures, and reporting.
The document discusses software testing practices and levels of testing. It provides observations that testing finds bugs but not their absence, and good test cases have a high probability of finding defects. It outlines practices like avoiding non-reproducible testing and assigning experienced people to testing. The document also describes levels of testing from unit to acceptance testing and integration techniques like top-down and bottom-up. It discusses validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance testing as well as test planning, estimation, and formal validation exit criteria.
Different Software Testing Levels for Detecting ErrorsWaqas Tariq
Software testing is the process to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the program. But software testing is not a “miracle” that can guaranteed the production of high quality software system, so to enhance the quality of a software and to do a testing in more unified way, the testing process could be abstracted to different levels and each level of testing aims to test different aspects of the system. In my paper, I have described different level of testing and these different levels attempted to detect different types of defects. The goal here is to test the system against requirement, and to test requirement themselves.
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
Se 381 - lec 28 -- 34 - 12 jun12 - testing 1 of 2babak danyal
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and types of testing. It discusses the purpose of testing as detecting faults early to reduce costs and improve quality. It defines verification and validation, and describes non-execution based testing techniques like inspections and walkthroughs. It also covers execution based testing and the need to test for behavioral properties like utility, reliability, robustness, performance and correctness. Metrics for inspections and different fault handling techniques are also summarized.
This document discusses various software testing techniques. It begins by explaining the goals of verification and validation as establishing confidence that software is fit for its intended use. It then covers different testing phases from component to integration testing. The document discusses both static and dynamic verification methods like inspections, walkthroughs, and testing. It details test case development techniques like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Finally, it covers white-box and structural testing methods that derive test cases from examining a program's internal structure.
The document provides an overview of software testing concepts including definitions, principles, test types, and the test process. It discusses what testing is, different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. It also covers test planning, estimation, procedures, and reporting. The key aspects of testing covered are definitions of errors, faults, and failures. It emphasizes that testing can find bugs but not guarantee their absence.
The document discusses risk based testing and random testing approaches. It outlines the challenges of time and resource constraints when testing software. Risk based testing uses risk analysis and metrics to focus testing on high risk areas in order to save time and money while maintaining quality. Metrics are developed to manage and organize large test projects. Random testing involves automatically generating random inputs and scenarios to stress test software in ways not covered by nominal testing. It can be used with differential and fault injection testing against a reference implementation to automatically check test results.
Software testing involves executing software components to evaluate properties against requirements. It identifies errors and ensures quality. Benefits include lower costs from early bug detection, improved security, quality, and customer satisfaction. Testing strategies include unit, integration, and system testing. Types are functional, non-functional, and regression/maintenance testing. Methodologies are white-box and black-box testing. The software testing lifecycle has phases for requirements, design, execution, closure, and analysis. Performance testing types include stress, volume, configuration, compatibility, regression, recovery, and usability testing.
Software testing involves executing programs to evaluate properties such as functionality, security, and performance (paragraph 1). The main benefits of software testing are that it is cost-effective, improves security, ensures product quality, and increases customer satisfaction (paragraph 2). There are various testing strategies like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing that check individual code units, integrated units, and the overall system respectively (paragraph 3). Testing methodologies include white-box testing which uses internal code knowledge, and black-box testing which does not require such knowledge (paragraph 6). The software testing lifecycle has phases like requirements study, test case design, test execution, and test closure (paragraph 7).
Static testing involves inspecting work products like requirements, design documents, and code without executing the code. It aims to find defects early when rework costs are lower. The document discusses static testing techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and reviews. Reviews include inspections - moderated meetings where defects are discussed - and technical and informal reviews with subject matter experts. The goal is early defect detection to improve quality and productivity.
1. The document discusses different types of software testing including manual testing, automation testing, black-box testing, white-box testing, grey-box testing, and different levels of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing.
2. It provides details on when each type of testing is used and their objectives such as finding defects, ensuring quality, and meeting requirements.
3. The key types of testing covered include functional testing, which has sub-types like unit, integration, system, regression, and acceptance testing, and non-functional testing.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. It introduces different levels of testing in the software development lifecycle like component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
2. It discusses the importance of early test design and planning and its benefits like reducing costs and improving quality.
3. It provides examples of how not planning tests properly can increase costs due to bugs found late in the process, and outlines the typical costs involved in fixing bugs at different stages.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document provides an overview of software testing. It defines software testing as evaluating software functionality to determine if it meets requirements and identifies defects. The document then describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing. It also discusses testing methods like static testing and dynamic testing. Finally, it covers topics like functional testing, performance testing, test drivers, test stubs, and top-down and bottom-up integration testing approaches.
This presentation is about the following points ,
Introduction to Manual Software testing,
What is Testing,
What is Quality,
How to define Software Testing Principles,
What are the types of Software Tests,
What is Test Planning,
Test Execution and Reporting,
Real-Time Testing,
Software Testing - Software V&V and selection processesanasz3z3
This document discusses software validation and verification (V&V) and the selection process. It defines validation as evaluating software at the end of development to ensure it is free of failures and meets requirements. Verification is determining if each development phase meets the requirements of the previous phase. It then outlines objectives of V&V like correctness and performance. Approaches covered include technical reviews, testing, proof of correctness, simulation and prototyping, and requirements tracing. The document also discusses limitations of V&V and selection of techniques based on software lifecycle phases like requirements, specifications, design, and implementation.
Static testing is a verification process that finds defects early without executing code. It includes reviews of documents, code, and designs to identify issues like missing requirements, inconsistencies, and non-maintainable code. While it doesn't replace dynamic testing, static testing helps reduce costs, improve understanding between team members, and catch defects earlier in the development process through techniques like reviewing and walkthroughs.
This document discusses strategies for software testing at different stages of development. It begins by outlining a strategic approach starting with component testing and working outward to integration testing. Different techniques are appropriate at different stages. The stages discussed include unit testing, integration testing, function testing, performance testing, acceptance testing, and installation testing. Details are provided on techniques for each stage like top-down vs bottom-up integration testing. The roles of testers, tools, and documentation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts including test cases, test plans, and different types of testing. It discusses manual testing and automation testing. For manual testing, it describes unit, integration, system, and user acceptance testing. For automation testing, it explains when automation should be used and its benefits. It also defines test plans, test scenarios, test cases, and the components of a test plan. Finally, it discusses test documentation, test estimation, and factors to consider when developing a test plan.
The document provides an overview of software testing methodology and trends:
- It discusses the evolution of software development processes and how testing has changed and become more important. Testing now includes more automation, non-functional testing, and professional testers.
- The key components of a testing process framework are described, including test management, quality metrics, risk-based testing, and exploratory testing.
- Automation testing, performance testing, and popular testing tools are also covered.
- The future of software testing is discussed, with notes on faster release cycles, more complex applications, global testing teams, increased use of automation, and a focus on practices over processes.
The document discusses verification and validation (V&V) of software. It defines verification as ensuring the product is built correctly, and validation as ensuring the right product is built. The document outlines the V&V process, including both static verification techniques like inspections and dynamic testing. It describes program inspections, static analysis tools, and the role of planning in effective V&V.
The document discusses software quality assurance and testing. It defines software quality as having two aspects - quality of design which includes requirements and specifications, and quality of conformance which focuses on implementation. Software Quality Assurance (SQA) includes quality management, effective engineering processes, formal techniques, testing strategies, documentation control, and measurement/reporting. SQA aims to ensure requirements quality, design quality, code quality, and effective quality control. Non-functional attributes like reliability, usability, and performance largely determine a software's subjective quality from a user's perspective.
Module V - Software Testing Strategies.pdfadhithanr
This document discusses strategies for software testing, including test planning, unit testing, integration testing, and validation. It provides details on:
- Developing a testing strategy that incorporates test planning, design, execution, data collection, and evaluation.
- Conducting unit testing on individual software components to test interfaces, data structures, paths, and boundaries.
- Performing integration testing by combining tested units and testing interfaces to avoid issues with data loss or component interactions.
- The goals of verification to ensure correct implementation and validation to ensure requirements traceability.
The document discusses software testing and analysis. It describes the goals of verification and validation as establishing confidence that software is fit for purpose without being completely defect-free. Both verification and validation are whole-life cycle processes involving static and dynamic techniques to discover defects and assess usability. The document outlines different testing and inspection methods like unit testing, integration testing, walkthroughs, and inspections and their roles in the verification and validation process.
The document discusses test planning and management. It covers topics like test strategy, test plan, test automation, mutation testing, defects in software engineering, manual vs automation testing challenges, skills of quality testers, agile testing, and the Selenium testing tool. It provides information on creating test plans according to IEEE standards and discusses the components, requirements, and benefits of test automation frameworks and tools.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
Unit 8 discusses software testing concepts including definitions of testing, who performs testing, test characteristics, levels of testing, and testing approaches. Unit testing focuses on individual program units while integration testing combines units. System testing evaluates a complete integrated system. Testing strategies integrate testing into a planned series of steps from requirements to deployment. Verification ensures correct development while validation confirms the product meets user needs.
The document discusses risk based testing and random testing approaches. It outlines the challenges of time and resource constraints when testing software. Risk based testing uses risk analysis and metrics to focus testing on high risk areas in order to save time and money while maintaining quality. Metrics are developed to manage and organize large test projects. Random testing involves automatically generating random inputs and scenarios to stress test software in ways not covered by nominal testing. It can be used with differential and fault injection testing against a reference implementation to automatically check test results.
Software testing involves executing software components to evaluate properties against requirements. It identifies errors and ensures quality. Benefits include lower costs from early bug detection, improved security, quality, and customer satisfaction. Testing strategies include unit, integration, and system testing. Types are functional, non-functional, and regression/maintenance testing. Methodologies are white-box and black-box testing. The software testing lifecycle has phases for requirements, design, execution, closure, and analysis. Performance testing types include stress, volume, configuration, compatibility, regression, recovery, and usability testing.
Software testing involves executing programs to evaluate properties such as functionality, security, and performance (paragraph 1). The main benefits of software testing are that it is cost-effective, improves security, ensures product quality, and increases customer satisfaction (paragraph 2). There are various testing strategies like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing that check individual code units, integrated units, and the overall system respectively (paragraph 3). Testing methodologies include white-box testing which uses internal code knowledge, and black-box testing which does not require such knowledge (paragraph 6). The software testing lifecycle has phases like requirements study, test case design, test execution, and test closure (paragraph 7).
Static testing involves inspecting work products like requirements, design documents, and code without executing the code. It aims to find defects early when rework costs are lower. The document discusses static testing techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and reviews. Reviews include inspections - moderated meetings where defects are discussed - and technical and informal reviews with subject matter experts. The goal is early defect detection to improve quality and productivity.
1. The document discusses different types of software testing including manual testing, automation testing, black-box testing, white-box testing, grey-box testing, and different levels of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing.
2. It provides details on when each type of testing is used and their objectives such as finding defects, ensuring quality, and meeting requirements.
3. The key types of testing covered include functional testing, which has sub-types like unit, integration, system, regression, and acceptance testing, and non-functional testing.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. It introduces different levels of testing in the software development lifecycle like component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
2. It discusses the importance of early test design and planning and its benefits like reducing costs and improving quality.
3. It provides examples of how not planning tests properly can increase costs due to bugs found late in the process, and outlines the typical costs involved in fixing bugs at different stages.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document provides an overview of software testing. It defines software testing as evaluating software functionality to determine if it meets requirements and identifies defects. The document then describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing. It also discusses testing methods like static testing and dynamic testing. Finally, it covers topics like functional testing, performance testing, test drivers, test stubs, and top-down and bottom-up integration testing approaches.
This presentation is about the following points ,
Introduction to Manual Software testing,
What is Testing,
What is Quality,
How to define Software Testing Principles,
What are the types of Software Tests,
What is Test Planning,
Test Execution and Reporting,
Real-Time Testing,
Software Testing - Software V&V and selection processesanasz3z3
This document discusses software validation and verification (V&V) and the selection process. It defines validation as evaluating software at the end of development to ensure it is free of failures and meets requirements. Verification is determining if each development phase meets the requirements of the previous phase. It then outlines objectives of V&V like correctness and performance. Approaches covered include technical reviews, testing, proof of correctness, simulation and prototyping, and requirements tracing. The document also discusses limitations of V&V and selection of techniques based on software lifecycle phases like requirements, specifications, design, and implementation.
Static testing is a verification process that finds defects early without executing code. It includes reviews of documents, code, and designs to identify issues like missing requirements, inconsistencies, and non-maintainable code. While it doesn't replace dynamic testing, static testing helps reduce costs, improve understanding between team members, and catch defects earlier in the development process through techniques like reviewing and walkthroughs.
This document discusses strategies for software testing at different stages of development. It begins by outlining a strategic approach starting with component testing and working outward to integration testing. Different techniques are appropriate at different stages. The stages discussed include unit testing, integration testing, function testing, performance testing, acceptance testing, and installation testing. Details are provided on techniques for each stage like top-down vs bottom-up integration testing. The roles of testers, tools, and documentation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts including test cases, test plans, and different types of testing. It discusses manual testing and automation testing. For manual testing, it describes unit, integration, system, and user acceptance testing. For automation testing, it explains when automation should be used and its benefits. It also defines test plans, test scenarios, test cases, and the components of a test plan. Finally, it discusses test documentation, test estimation, and factors to consider when developing a test plan.
The document provides an overview of software testing methodology and trends:
- It discusses the evolution of software development processes and how testing has changed and become more important. Testing now includes more automation, non-functional testing, and professional testers.
- The key components of a testing process framework are described, including test management, quality metrics, risk-based testing, and exploratory testing.
- Automation testing, performance testing, and popular testing tools are also covered.
- The future of software testing is discussed, with notes on faster release cycles, more complex applications, global testing teams, increased use of automation, and a focus on practices over processes.
The document discusses verification and validation (V&V) of software. It defines verification as ensuring the product is built correctly, and validation as ensuring the right product is built. The document outlines the V&V process, including both static verification techniques like inspections and dynamic testing. It describes program inspections, static analysis tools, and the role of planning in effective V&V.
The document discusses software quality assurance and testing. It defines software quality as having two aspects - quality of design which includes requirements and specifications, and quality of conformance which focuses on implementation. Software Quality Assurance (SQA) includes quality management, effective engineering processes, formal techniques, testing strategies, documentation control, and measurement/reporting. SQA aims to ensure requirements quality, design quality, code quality, and effective quality control. Non-functional attributes like reliability, usability, and performance largely determine a software's subjective quality from a user's perspective.
Module V - Software Testing Strategies.pdfadhithanr
This document discusses strategies for software testing, including test planning, unit testing, integration testing, and validation. It provides details on:
- Developing a testing strategy that incorporates test planning, design, execution, data collection, and evaluation.
- Conducting unit testing on individual software components to test interfaces, data structures, paths, and boundaries.
- Performing integration testing by combining tested units and testing interfaces to avoid issues with data loss or component interactions.
- The goals of verification to ensure correct implementation and validation to ensure requirements traceability.
The document discusses software testing and analysis. It describes the goals of verification and validation as establishing confidence that software is fit for purpose without being completely defect-free. Both verification and validation are whole-life cycle processes involving static and dynamic techniques to discover defects and assess usability. The document outlines different testing and inspection methods like unit testing, integration testing, walkthroughs, and inspections and their roles in the verification and validation process.
The document discusses test planning and management. It covers topics like test strategy, test plan, test automation, mutation testing, defects in software engineering, manual vs automation testing challenges, skills of quality testers, agile testing, and the Selenium testing tool. It provides information on creating test plans according to IEEE standards and discusses the components, requirements, and benefits of test automation frameworks and tools.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
Unit 8 discusses software testing concepts including definitions of testing, who performs testing, test characteristics, levels of testing, and testing approaches. Unit testing focuses on individual program units while integration testing combines units. System testing evaluates a complete integrated system. Testing strategies integrate testing into a planned series of steps from requirements to deployment. Verification ensures correct development while validation confirms the product meets user needs.
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It covers topics like unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and different testing levels. Some key points include that the goal of testing is to find errors, testing your own code is impossible, and the number of detected defects indicates the likelihood of more remaining undiscovered. The document emphasizes writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs and thoroughly inspecting test results.
The document discusses software testing practices and levels of testing. It provides observations that testing finds bugs but not their absence, and good test cases have a high probability of finding defects. It outlines practices like avoiding non-reproducible testing and assigning experienced people to testing. The document also describes levels of testing from unit to acceptance testing and integration techniques like top-down and bottom-up. It discusses validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance testing as well as test planning, estimation, and formal validation exit criteria.
The document discusses software testing practices and levels of testing. It provides observations that testing finds bugs but not their absence, and good test cases have a high probability of finding defects. It outlines practices like avoiding non-reproducible testing and assigning experienced people to testing. The document also describes levels of testing from unit to acceptance testing and integration techniques like top-down and bottom-up. It discusses validation, alpha/beta, and acceptance testing as well as test planning, estimation, and formal validation exit criteria.
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It covers topics like unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and different testing levels. Good testing practices include writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs, thoroughly inspecting test results, and assigning experienced people to testing. The testing process involves test planning, test case development, test execution, and reporting results in test reports.
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It covers topics like unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and different testing levels. Some key points include that the goal of testing is to find errors, testing your own code is impossible, and the number of detected defects indicates the likelihood of more remaining undiscovered. The document emphasizes writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs and thoroughly inspecting test results.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
Testing is the process of executing software to find defects and verify requirements are met. It involves executing a program or modules to observe behavior and outcomes, and analyze failures to locate and fix faults. The main purposes of testing are to demonstrate quality and proper behavior, and to detect and fix defects. Testing strategies include starting with individual component tests and progressing to integrated system tests. Different techniques like black-box and white-box testing are used at various stages. Manual testing is time-consuming while automated testing is faster and more reliable. Testing continues until quality goals are met or resources run out. Debugging locates and removes defects found via testing.
Automated testing overview discusses the importance of software testing and automated testing. It defines software testing as verifying that software meets requirements and works as expected. The document covers different types of testing and why automated testing is needed to reduce costs, protect reputation, and address difficulties in testing. It provides examples of unit testing simple objects, objects with dependencies, and user interfaces to illustrate how to implement automated tests.
QA and testing are both important for software quality but have different goals. QA is a preventative, process-oriented activity aimed at preventing bugs, while testing is product-oriented and aimed at finding bugs. Key differences between QA and testing are outlined. The document also defines terms like quality control, verification and validation. It describes various testing types like unit, integration, system and acceptance testing as well as techniques like black-box vs white-box testing and manual vs automated testing. Concepts covered include test plans, cases, scripts, suites, logs, beds and deliverables. The importance of a successful test plan is emphasized.
The document discusses various software testing practices and concepts. It defines software testing as executing a program to find errors with the goal of improving quality. Good practices include writing test cases for valid and invalid inputs, thoroughly inspecting results, and assigning experienced people to testing. Different levels of testing are described like unit, integration, validation, and acceptance testing. The document also provides guidance on test planning, estimation, procedures, and reporting.
Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object-Oriented Software, Test Strategies for WebApps, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging, Software Testing Fundamentals, White-Box Testing, Basis Path Testing,
Control Structure Testing
The document discusses software testing practices and processes. It covers topics like:
- Definitions of testing and its importance from various experts.
- Good testing practices like focusing on error detection, avoiding self-testing, and thoroughly inspecting results.
- Different levels of testing from unit to acceptance.
- Integration testing methods like top-down and bottom-up with their pros and cons.
- Validation techniques like regression and alpha/beta testing.
- Test planning considerations around estimation, development and execution.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing such as the testing life cycle, requirement traceability matrix, test planning, different types of testing, challenges in testing, test team approaches, and cost aspects. It emphasizes that testing is an important process to identify defects and improve quality but is often undervalued. A structured approach and clear policies are needed to make testing effective. Tracking metrics like defect trends and test team efficiency can help optimize the testing process.
Software testing strategies And its typesMITULJAMANG
Software Testing is a type of investigation to find out if there is any default or error present in the software so that the errors can be reduced or removed to increase the quality of the software and to check whether it fulfills the specifies requirements or not.
According to Glen Myers, software testing has the following objectives:
The process of investigating and checking a program to find whether there is an error or not and does it fulfill the requirements or not is called testing.
When the number of errors found during the testing is high, it indicates that the testing was good and is a sign of good test case.Finding an unknown error that’s wasn’t discovered yet is a sign of a successful and a good test case
AMC Squarelearning Bangalore is the best training institute for a career development. it had students from various parts of the country and even few were from West African countries.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to document and visualize the design of object-oriented software systems. It was developed in the 1990s to standardize the different object-oriented modeling notations that existed. UML is based on several influential object-oriented analysis and design methodologies. It includes diagrams for modeling a system's structural and behavioral elements, and has continued to evolve with refinements and expanded applicability. Use case diagrams are one type of UML diagram that are used to define system behaviors and goals from the perspective of different user types or external entities known as actors.
UML component diagrams describe software components and their dependencies. A component represents a modular and replaceable unit with well-defined interfaces. Component diagrams show the organization and dependencies between components using interfaces, dependencies, ports, and connectors. They can show both the external view of a component's interfaces as well as its internal structure by nesting other components or classes.
Activity diagrams show the flow and sequence of activities in a system by depicting actions, decisions, and parallel processes through graphical symbols like activities, transitions, decisions, and swimlanes. They are used to model workflows, use cases, and complex methods by defining activities, states, objects, responsibilities, and connections between elements. Guidelines are provided for creating activity diagrams, such as identifying the workflow objective, pre/post-conditions, activities, states, objects, responsibilities, and evaluating for concurrency.
Object diagrams represent a snapshot of a system at a particular moment, showing the concrete instances of classes and their relationships. They capture the static view of a system to show object behaviors and relationships from a practical perspective. Unlike class diagrams which show abstract representations, object diagrams depict real-world objects and their unlimited possible instances. They are used for forward and reverse engineering, modeling object relationships and interactions, and understanding system behavior.
Sequence diagrams show the interactions between objects over time by depicting object lifelines and messages exchanged. They emphasize the time ordering of messages. To create a sequence diagram, identify participating objects and messages, lay out object lifelines across the top, and draw messages between lifelines from top to bottom based on timing. Activation boxes on lifelines indicate when objects are active. Sequence diagrams help document and understand the logical flow of a system.
State chart diagrams define the different states an object can be in during its lifetime, and how it transitions between states in response to events. They are useful for modeling reactive systems by describing the flow of control from one state to another. The key elements are initial and final states, states represented by rectangles, and transitions between states indicated by arrows. State chart diagrams are used to model the dynamic behavior and lifetime of objects in a system and identify the events that trigger state changes.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams and use cases. It defines what a use case is, including that it captures a user's interaction with a system to achieve a goal. It describes the key components of a use case diagram, including actors, use cases, and relationships between use cases like generalization, inclusion, and extension. An example use case diagram for a money withdrawal from an ATM is presented to illustrate these concepts. Guidelines for documenting use cases with descriptions of flows, exceptions, and other details are also provided.
This document discusses software quality and metrics. It defines software quality as conformance to requirements, standards, and implicit expectations. It outlines ISO 9126 quality factors like functionality, reliability, usability, and maintainability. It describes five views of quality: transcendental, user, manufacturing, product, and value-based. It also discusses types of metrics like product, process, and project metrics. Product metrics measure characteristics like size, complexity, and quality level. The document provides guidelines for developing, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting software metrics.
This document discusses key concepts in software design engineering including analysis models, design models, the programmer's approach versus best practices, purposes of design, quality guidelines, design principles, fundamental concepts like abstraction and architecture, and specific design concepts like patterns, modularity, and information hiding. It emphasizes that design is important for translating requirements into a quality software solution before implementation begins.
The document provides an overview of architectural design in software engineering. It defines software architecture as the structure of components, relationships between them, and properties. The key steps in architectural design are creating data design, representing structure, analyzing styles, and elaborating chosen style. It emphasizes software components and their focus. Examples of architectural styles discussed include data flow, call-and-return, data-centered, and virtual machine.
Object oriented concepts can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Objects have state, behavior, and identity. State represents the properties and values of an object, behavior is defined by the operations or methods that can be performed on an object, and identity uniquely distinguishes one object from all others. Key concepts in object orientation include abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, polymorphism, and life span of objects. These concepts help organize programs through the definition and use of classes and objects.
Unit 7 performing user interface designPreeti Mishra
The document discusses user interface design principles and models. It provides three key principles for user interface design:
1. Place users in control of the interface and allow for flexible, interruptible, and customizable interaction.
2. Reduce users' memory load by minimizing what they need to remember, establishing defaults, and progressively disclosing information.
3. Make the interface consistent across screens, applications, and interaction models to maintain user expectations.
It also describes four models involved in interface design: the user profile model, design model, implementation model, and user's mental model. The role of designers is to reconcile differences across these models.
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Digital marketing encompasses all marketing efforts that utilize electronic devices or the internet. It includes various strategies and channels to connect with prospective customers online and influence their decisions. Key components of digital marketing include.
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Come join us for an enlightening session where we delve into the smooth transition of current websites and the efficient deployment of new ones using CommandBox 6. CommandBox has revolutionized web development, consistently introducing user-friendly enhancements that catalyze progress in the field. During this presentation, we’ll explore CommandBox’s rich history and showcase its unmatched capabilities within the realm of ColdFusion, covering both major variations.
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2. Observations about Testing
• “Testing is the process of executing
a program with the intention of
finding errors.” – Myers
• “Testing can show the presence of
bugs but never their absence.” -
Dijkstra
3. Good Testing Practices
• A good test case is one that has a
high probability of detecting an
undiscovered defect, not one that
shows that the program works
correctly
• It is impossible to test your own
program
• A necessary part of every test case
is a description of the expected
result
4. Good Testing Practices
(cont’d)
• Avoid nonreproducible or on-the-fly
testing
• Write test cases for valid as well as
invalid input conditions.
• Thoroughly inspect the results of
each test
• As the number of detected defects
in a piece of software increases, the
probability of the existence of more
undetected defects also increases
5. Good Testing Practices
(cont’d)
• Assign your best people to testing
• Ensure that testability is a key
objective in your software design
• Never alter the program to make
testing easier
• Testing, like almost every other
activity, must start with objectives
10. Unit Testing
• Algorithms and logic
• Data structures (global and local)
• Interfaces
• Independent paths
• Boundary conditions
• Error handling
11. Why Integration Testing
Is Necessary
• One module can have an adverse
effect on another
• Sub functions, when combined, may
not produce the desired major
function
• Individually acceptable imprecision in
calculations may be magnified to
unacceptable levels
12. Why Integration Testing
Is Necessary (cont’d)
• Interfacing errors not detected in
unit testing may appear
• Timing problems (in real-time
systems) are not detectable by unit
testing
• Resource contention problems are
not detectable by unit testing
13. Top-Down Integration
• The main control module is used as a
driver, and stubs are substituted for all
modules directly subordinate to the main
module.
• Depending on the integration approach
selected (depth or breadth first),
subordinate stubs are replaced by
modules one at a time.
14. Top-Down Integration
(cont’d)
• Tests are run as each individual module is
integrated.
• On the successful completion of a set of
tests, another stub is replaced with a
real module
• Regression testing is performed to
ensure that errors have not developed as
result of integrating new modules
15. Problems with Top-Down
Integration
• Many times, calculations are performed in
the modules at the bottom of the hierarchy
• Stubs typically do not pass data up to the
higher modules
• Delaying testing until lower-level modules are
ready usually results in integrating many
modules at the same time rather than one at
a time
• Developing stubs that can pass data up is
almost as much work as developing the actual
module
16. Bottom-Up Integration
• Integration begins with the lowest-level modules,
which are combined into clusters, or builds, that
perform a specific software subfunction
• Drivers (control programs developed as stubs) are
written to coordinate test case input and output
• The cluster is tested
• Drivers are removed and clusters are combined
moving upward in the program structure
17. Problems with Bottom-Up
Integration
• The whole program does not exist
until the last module is integrated
• Timing and resource contention
problems are not found until late
in the process
18. Validation Testing
• Determine if the software meets all of the
requirements defined in the SRS
• Having written requirements is essential
• Regression testing is performed to determine if
the software still meets all of its requirements in
light of changes and modifications to the
software
• Regression testing involves selectively repeating
existing validation tests, not developing new tests
19. Alpha and Beta Testing
• It’s best to provide customers with an
outline of the things that you would like
them to focus on and specific test
scenarios for them to execute.
• Provide with customers who are actively
involved with a commitment to fix defects
that they discover.
20. Acceptance Testing
• Similar to validation testing
except that customers are
present or directly involved.
• Usually the tests are developed
by the customer
21. Test Methods
• White box or glass box testing
• Black box testing
• Top-down and bottom-up for
performing incremental integration
• ALAC (Act-like-a-customer)
26. Concurrent
Development/ Validation
Testing Model
• Conduct informal validation while development is
still going on
• Provides an opportunity for validation tests to be
developed and debugged early in the software
development process
• Provides early feedback to software engineers
• Results in formal validation being less eventful,
since most of the problems have already been
found and fixed
27. Validation Readiness
Review
• During informal validation developers can
make any changes needed in order to
comply with the SRS.
• During informal validation QA runs tests
and makes changes as necessary in order
for tests to comply with the SRS.
28. Validation Readiness
Review (cont’d)
• During formal validation the only
changes that can be made are bug
fixes in response to bugs reported
during formal validation testing. No
new features can be added at this
time.
• During formal validation the same set
of tests run during informal
validation is run again. No new tests
are added.
29. Entrance Criteria for
Formal Validation Testing
• Software development is completed (a
precise definition of “completed” is
required.
• The test plan has been reviewed, approved
and is under document control.
• A requirements inspection has been
performed on the SRS.
• Design inspections have been performed on
the SDDs (Software Design Descriptions).
30. Entrance Criteria for Formal
Validation Testing (cont’d)
• Code inspections have been performed on
all “critical modules”.
• All test scripts are completed and the
software validation test procedure
document has been reviewed, approved, and
placed under document control.
• Selected test scripts have been reviewed,
approved and placed under document
control.
31. Entrance Criteria for Formal
Validation Testing (cont’d)
• All test scripts have been executed
at least once.
• CM tools are in place and all source
code is under configuration control.
• Software problem reporting
procedures are in place.
• Validation testing completion criteria
have been developed, reviewed, and
approved.
32. Formal Validation
• The same tests that were run during
informal validation are executed again and
the results recorded.
• Software Problem Reports (SPRs) are
submitted for each test that fails.
• SPR tracking is performed and includes the
status of all SPRs ( i.e., open, fixed,
verified, deferred, not a bug)
33. Formal Validation (cont’d)
• For each bug fixed, the SPR identifies the
modules that were changed to fix the bug.
• Baseline change assessment is used to ensure
only modules that should have changed have
changed and no new features have slipped in.
• Informal code reviews are selectively
conducted on changed modules to ensure that
new bugs are not being introduced.
34. Formal Validation (cont’d)
• Time required to find and fix bugs (find-fix
cycle time) is tracked.
• Regression testing is performed using the
following guidelines:
– Use complexity measures to help determine
which modules may need additional testing
– Use judgment to decide which tests to be rerun
– Base decision on knowledge of software design
and past history
35. Formal Validation (cont’d)
• Track test status (i.e., passed, failed,
or not run).
• Record cumulative test time
(cumulative hours of actual testing)
for software reliability growth
tracking.
36. Exit Criteria for Validation
Testing
• All test scripts have been executed.
• All SPRs have been satisfactorily
resolved. (Resolution could include
bugs being fixed, deferred to a later
release, determined not to be bugs,
etc.) All parties must agree to the
resolution. This criterion could be
further defined to state that all
high-priority bugs must be fixed
while lower-priority bugs can be
handled on a case-by-case basis.
37. Exit Criteria for Validation
Testing (cont’d)
• All changes made as a result of SPRs
have been tested.
• All documentation associated with the
software (such as SRS, SDD, test
documents) have been updated to
reflect changes made during
validation testing.
• The test report has been reviewed
and approved.
38. Test Planning
• The Test Plan – defines the scope of the
work to be performed
• The Test Procedure – a container
document that holds all of the individual
tests (test scripts) that are to be
executed
• The Test Report – documents what
occurred when the test scripts were run
39. Test Plan
• Questions to be answered:
– How many tests are needed?
– How long will it take to develop those tests?
– How long will it take to execute those tests?
• Topics to be addressed:
– Test estimation
– Test development and informal validation
– Validation readiness review and formal validation
– Test completion criteria
40. Test Estimation
• Number of test cases required is based on:
– Testing all functions and features in the SRS
– Including an appropriate number of ALAC (Act
Like A Customer) tests including:
• Do it wrong
• Use wrong or illegal combination of inputs
• Don’t do enough
• Do nothing
• Do too much
– Achieving some test coverage goal
– Achieving a software reliability goal
41. Considerations in
Test Estimation
• Test Complexity – It is better to have many
small tests that a few large ones.
• Different Platforms – Does testing need to
be modified for different platforms,
operating systems, etc.
• Automated or Manual Tests – Will automated
tests be developed? Automated tests take
more time to create but do not require
human intervention to run.
42. Estimating Tests
Required
SRS
Reference
Estimated
Number of
Tests
Required
Notes
4.1.1 3 2 positive and 1 negative test
4.1.2 2 2 automated tests
4.1.3 4 4 manual tests
4.1.4 5 1 boundary condition, 2 error
conditions, 2 usability tests
…
Total 165
43. Estimated Test
Development Time
Estimated Number of Tests: 165
Average Test Development Time: 3.5
(person-hours/test)
Estimated Test Development Time: 577.5
(person-hours)
44. Estimated Test
Execution Time
Estimated Number of Tests: 165
Average Test Execution Time: 1.5
(person-hours/test)
Estimated Test Execution Time: 247.5
(person-hours)
Estimated Regression Testing (50%): 123.75
(person-hours)
Total Estimated Test Execution Time: 371.25
(person-hours)
45. Test Procedure
• Collection of test scripts
• An integral part of each test script
is the expected results
• The Test Procedure document should
contain an unexecuted, clean copy of
every test so that the tests may be
more easily reused
46. Test Report
• Completed copy of each test script with
evidence that it was executed (i.e.,
dated with the signature of the person
who ran the test)
• Copy of each SPR showing resolution
• List of open or unresolved SPRs
• Identification of SPRs found in each
baseline along with total number of SPRs
in each baseline
• Regression tests executed for each
software baseline
47. Validation Test Plan
IEEE – Standard 1012-1998
1. Overview
a. Organization
b. Tasks and Schedules
c. Responsibilities
d. Tools, Techniques, Methods
2. Processes
a. Management
b. Acquisition
c. Supply
d. Development
e. Operation
f. Maintenance
48. Validation Test Plan
IEEE – Standard 1012-1998 (cont’d)
3. Reporting Requirements
4. Administrative Requirements
5. Documentation Requirements
6. Resource Requirements
7. Completion Criteria