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6 ELEMENTS
of Geography
Explanation
 The Geography Standards Framework consists of
two levels. At the first level, the subject matter of
geography is divided into six essential elements.
 By essential we mean that each piece is central and
necessary; we must look at the world in this way.
 By element we mean that each piece is a building
block for the whole.
 At the second level, each essential element contains
a number of geography standards, and each
geography standard contains a set of related ideas
and approaches to the subject matter of geography.
6 Essential Elements
1. THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS
2. PLACES & REGIONS
3. PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
4. HUMAN SYSTEMS
5. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY
6. THE USES OF GEOGRAPHY
Essential Element #1
THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS
Standard 1. How to use maps & other
geographic representations, tools, and
technologies to acquire, process, and report
information from a spatial perspective.
Standard 2. How to use mental
maps to organize information about
people, places, and environments in
a spatial context.
Standard 3. How to analyze the
spatial organization of people, places,
and environments on Earth's surface.
Location
 The place where
something is located
on the earth's
surface.
Location
 Absolute location:
– exact “location” or spot where
something is found on a map
•requires Latitude and Longitude
– cuts earth into Hemispheres (2 halves)
 Northern & Southern hemispheres
 Eastern & Western hemispheres
• is known as the Address of location
Location
 Relative location – where a
place is in relation to other places
 Examples
• Sugar Land is SW of Houston
• Mrs. Brown’s class is in the 1st
hallway in the Social Studies wing
Essential Element #2
PLACES & REGIONS
 Standard 4. The physical and human
characteristics of places.
 Standard 5. That people create regions
to interpret Earth's complexity.
 Standard 6. How culture and experience
influence people's perceptions of places
and regions.
Regions
 Areas united by specific factors
 How the earth is divided for
study.
 Geographers choose how
they will classify the world
based on common
characteristics.
Regions
•Formal region – A place with
similar attributes that might
include physical, government,
economic, or cultural
characteristics.
Example — political region such
as a city, state or country.
People are governed by the same
laws and the same government.
FORMAL REGION
 Defined by a
common
characteristic
 The Corn Belt
(Iowa/Illinois)
Functional Region
•A place connected by
movement between places.
•Example - the greater
Houston Metropolitan area,
DFW. People move from
home-work-home for jobs,
entertainment, etc.
 Central place
and the
surrounding area
linked to it
 Houston and it’s
suburbs are
linked by
highways
Functional Region
Perceptual Region
• A place defined by popular feelings &
images rather than by objective data.
Example — the term
“Heartland” refers to
a central area where
traditional values are
believed (or perceived)
to be predominate.
PERCEPTUAL REGION
 With a perceptual region,
the exact area that the
region describes can differ
based on “perceptions.”
There is NO real defined
area.
Paris
~ City of Love ~

Place
 answers the question “What is it like?”
 Place can be describe in two ways:
- Physical and Human
• Schools are inside buildings intended
for learning
• Parks are outside and intended for
recreation
• Sugar Land is a suburban city with
businesses, quality schools, and nice
neighborhoods
 Standard 7. The physical
processes that shape the
patterns of Earth's surface.
 Standard 8. The
characteristics and spatial
distribution of ecosystems on
Earth's surface.
Essential Element #3
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Place - Physical Systems
 Physical Systems
•Info about a location
based on physical
features such as
landforms, weather,
climate, or vegetation
and how they interact
with plant & animal life.
 Standard 9. The characteristics, distribution,
and migration of human populations on
Earth's surface.
 Standard 10. The characteristics,
distribution, and complexity of Earth's
cultural mosaics.
 Standard 11. The patterns and networks of
economic interdependence on Earth's
surface.
Essential Element #4
HUMAN SYSTEMS
 Standard 12. The processes, patterns,
and functions of human settlement.
 Standard 13. How the forces of
cooperation & conflict among people
influence the division & control of Earth's
surface.
 Standard 14. How human actions modify
the physical environment.
Essential Element #4
HUMAN SYSTEMS
Place - Human Systems
•Information about a
location based on how
people “shape” the
earth.
•Elements to consider —
population, religion,
education, and language.
 The movement of goods,
people & ideas from one
location to another.
•Goods can be moved by
land, air, & water.
Movement
Movement
 The movement of goods,
people & ideas from one
location to another.
•People can be physically
moved – population
trends and location
change
 The movement of goods, people
& ideas from one location to
another.
•Ideas can be moved from
person to person, by the
media, through the internet,
etc.
Movement
Movement
 The ongoing migration of people and
exchange of goods and ideas
•Immigration from another
country, state, or city
•Trade
•Spread of religions and ways of
life that can transform a place
 Standard 15. How physical
systems affect human systems.
 Standard 16. The changes that
occur in the meaning, use,
distribution, and importance of
resources.
Essential Element #5
ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY
Human-Environment
Interaction
 How humans use, change,
or live with their environment.
 Sometimes it
is deliberate,
but often it is
unintentional.
Human-Environment
Interaction
 How people and the environment get
along, or how one changes the other
• Nomads use to travel from place to
place, using the resources available
• As people settled they began to
farm, cutting down vegetation and
altering the environment
• People built homes, streets, then
cars, etc…
 Standard 17. How to apply
geography to interpret the past.
 Standard 18. How to apply
geography to interpret the
present and plan for the future.
Essential Element #6
THE USES OF
GEOGRAPHY

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SIX_ELEMENTS_OF_GEOGRAPHY.ppt

  • 2. Explanation  The Geography Standards Framework consists of two levels. At the first level, the subject matter of geography is divided into six essential elements.  By essential we mean that each piece is central and necessary; we must look at the world in this way.  By element we mean that each piece is a building block for the whole.  At the second level, each essential element contains a number of geography standards, and each geography standard contains a set of related ideas and approaches to the subject matter of geography.
  • 3. 6 Essential Elements 1. THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS 2. PLACES & REGIONS 3. PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 4. HUMAN SYSTEMS 5. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY 6. THE USES OF GEOGRAPHY
  • 4.
  • 5. Essential Element #1 THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS Standard 1. How to use maps & other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. Standard 2. How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context. Standard 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface.
  • 6. Location  The place where something is located on the earth's surface.
  • 7. Location  Absolute location: – exact “location” or spot where something is found on a map •requires Latitude and Longitude – cuts earth into Hemispheres (2 halves)  Northern & Southern hemispheres  Eastern & Western hemispheres • is known as the Address of location
  • 8. Location  Relative location – where a place is in relation to other places  Examples • Sugar Land is SW of Houston • Mrs. Brown’s class is in the 1st hallway in the Social Studies wing
  • 9. Essential Element #2 PLACES & REGIONS  Standard 4. The physical and human characteristics of places.  Standard 5. That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity.  Standard 6. How culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions.
  • 10. Regions  Areas united by specific factors  How the earth is divided for study.  Geographers choose how they will classify the world based on common characteristics.
  • 11. Regions •Formal region – A place with similar attributes that might include physical, government, economic, or cultural characteristics. Example — political region such as a city, state or country. People are governed by the same laws and the same government.
  • 12. FORMAL REGION  Defined by a common characteristic  The Corn Belt (Iowa/Illinois)
  • 13.
  • 14. Functional Region •A place connected by movement between places. •Example - the greater Houston Metropolitan area, DFW. People move from home-work-home for jobs, entertainment, etc.
  • 15.  Central place and the surrounding area linked to it  Houston and it’s suburbs are linked by highways Functional Region
  • 16. Perceptual Region • A place defined by popular feelings & images rather than by objective data. Example — the term “Heartland” refers to a central area where traditional values are believed (or perceived) to be predominate.
  • 17. PERCEPTUAL REGION  With a perceptual region, the exact area that the region describes can differ based on “perceptions.” There is NO real defined area.
  • 18. Paris ~ City of Love ~ 
  • 19. Place  answers the question “What is it like?”  Place can be describe in two ways: - Physical and Human • Schools are inside buildings intended for learning • Parks are outside and intended for recreation • Sugar Land is a suburban city with businesses, quality schools, and nice neighborhoods
  • 20.  Standard 7. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.  Standard 8. The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on Earth's surface. Essential Element #3 PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
  • 21. Place - Physical Systems  Physical Systems •Info about a location based on physical features such as landforms, weather, climate, or vegetation and how they interact with plant & animal life.
  • 22.  Standard 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface.  Standard 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.  Standard 11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface. Essential Element #4 HUMAN SYSTEMS
  • 23.  Standard 12. The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement.  Standard 13. How the forces of cooperation & conflict among people influence the division & control of Earth's surface.  Standard 14. How human actions modify the physical environment. Essential Element #4 HUMAN SYSTEMS
  • 24. Place - Human Systems •Information about a location based on how people “shape” the earth. •Elements to consider — population, religion, education, and language.
  • 25.  The movement of goods, people & ideas from one location to another. •Goods can be moved by land, air, & water. Movement
  • 26. Movement  The movement of goods, people & ideas from one location to another. •People can be physically moved – population trends and location change
  • 27.  The movement of goods, people & ideas from one location to another. •Ideas can be moved from person to person, by the media, through the internet, etc. Movement
  • 28. Movement  The ongoing migration of people and exchange of goods and ideas •Immigration from another country, state, or city •Trade •Spread of religions and ways of life that can transform a place
  • 29.  Standard 15. How physical systems affect human systems.  Standard 16. The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources. Essential Element #5 ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY
  • 30. Human-Environment Interaction  How humans use, change, or live with their environment.  Sometimes it is deliberate, but often it is unintentional.
  • 31. Human-Environment Interaction  How people and the environment get along, or how one changes the other • Nomads use to travel from place to place, using the resources available • As people settled they began to farm, cutting down vegetation and altering the environment • People built homes, streets, then cars, etc…
  • 32.  Standard 17. How to apply geography to interpret the past.  Standard 18. How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future. Essential Element #6 THE USES OF GEOGRAPHY
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