Sikh History covering period of 1675-1708.

Sikh History
1675-1708 AD
Road to Martyrdom
By - Balvir Singh
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1675 - 1708
ਸ਼ਹੀਦਾਂ ਦਾ ਮਾਰਗ

Disclaimer
In Sikh faith worshiping idols and pictures of Sikh Guru’s is not practiced as we
believe that the God is Unborn, Uncreated, Beyond Incarnation (ਅਜੂਨੀ).
We believe in the Shabad* of the Gurbani enshrined in the
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji our present Guru.
----------------------------------------
1. Shabad* - Creator / Order of creator obtained by Guru / Religion.
(page 131 of Gurmat Martand by Bhai Sahib Bhai Khan Singh Nabha)
2. The pictures used in this book are unverified pictures.

History of Anandpur Sahib
• Sri Guru Tegh Bahadar Ji in 1665 AD purchased a piece of land of villages Makhowal, Mator
and Lodhipur from Raja Deep Chand of Bilaspur for Rs 2200 for the present city of Anandpur
Sahib.
• He named it as “Chak Nanki”. It was developed as a town where his followers shifted and
started living. (Historian, Bhai Kesar Singh Chibber).
• Sri Guru Gobind Singh when came to this place for the first time from Patna (Bihar) in 1672
liked the place for its surrounding and beauty and re-named it as Anandpur (City of Joy).
• Aurangzeb who was in the Kabul area had issued an order of arrest of Guru Ji’s when Sri
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji held the hand of Kashmiri Pandits against his policies of conversion and
wowed to protect them. After a few days he amended his order and ordered his execution
when arrested. ( Historian Gulam Hussain, Page 351 Sada Itihas Prof Satbir Singh)
• In July 1675 he left Anandpur Sahib for Delhi to give supreme sacrifice for protection of the
Hindu religion. He was arrested near Delhi then publicly beheaded in Delhi on 11 November
1675
• Guru Gobind Singh at the age of nine was formally installed as the 10th Guru of the Sikhs. He
stayed at Anandpur Sahib till 19-20th Dec 1699. This period from 1675 to 1699 was a period of
consolidation of Sikh fundamentals and awakening of masses for the upliftment of society.
• He motivated Sikhs to be physically strong and mentally alert. He introduced Horse riding and
training on use of weapons.

• He constructed five forts namely Anandgarh, Lohgarh, Gatehgarh, Holgarh and
Taragarh for the defence of the Anandpur .
• He started using Ranjit Nagara (war drum) in his Darbar from 02nd April 1678. The
Nagara carried a significant meaning of Independent rule and Chardi Kala for Sikhs.
Aurangzeb and Hill state Kings were offended by this act as they considered it to be a
direct challenge to their rule.
• To eliminate a feeling of upper and lower cast among residents he ordered to have a
single Kitchen for all in Anandpur. While the tradition of Langar was established by
earlier Gurus, this was made compulsory here as none were allowed their separate
Kitchen. (Page 370, Sada Itihas by Principal Satbir Singh) .
• He established centres for Education and Music. This was direct defiance of Aurangzeb
who had ordered closer of all such schools in India. As a result, prominent poets’ came
to him for protection and in his service.
History of Anandpur Sahib

*Image via Bing
Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Anandpur Sahib

@ Anandpur Sahib
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji created Khalsa on 13th April 1699 . Guru Gobind Singh
gave a new concept of “Saint and Soldier” to the Sikhs.
• Khushwant Singh writes; “while Nanak had propagated goodness, Gobind
Singh condemned evil”. The results of new development were visible with in
a short time, Sikhs were transformed from pacificists to a brotherhood of
crusaders” (page 85 A history of Sikhs)
• Pahari Rajas, from neighbouring hill and the Nawabs/ Governors of the
Mughal Empire saw the growing popularity of Tenth Guru as a treat to their
rule. He was drawn into 14 battles with Rajput Kings of Hill states and
Mughals during his life time.
• The battles at Bhangani, Nadun, Guler / Husani were fought before 1699 AD.
1st and 2nd battle of Anandpur, Basuli, Chamkaur and at Muktsar were
fought by him later.

Reasons for Conflict with Hill States and Mughals
• Munshi Khushwant Rai in Twarik-e-Sikh writes that popularity of Guru Gobind
Singh was perceived as a treat by the rulers of Hill states.
• Joseph Davey (JD) Cunningham while agreeing on the above adds that Guru
Gobind Singh Ji’s decision on disputes between many kingdoms was honoured by
all and becoming law for settlement. A few of them considered this to be a sign of
his strength and popularity and dangerous for their existence and became reason
for their revolt.
• Thomas R. Metcalf writes that guru Gobind Singh was concerned for the upliftment
of people from the down trodden society. This policy was contrary to the policies
of Kings who wanted them to be totally dependent on them.
• Indu Bhushan Banerjee write that the political compulsions, Divide and arrogance
of rulers contributed to the opposition of Guru and was main reason for many
Battles.
• Syed Muhammad Latif in History of Punjab writes that Guru Gobind Singh by his
actions eliminated the Caste system from the society a principal which was core
to the teachings of Guru Nanak. He infused self-respect and dignity in the lived of
people. Upper caste Hindus did not accept this change and became his opponents.
• Principal Satbir Singh writes that Guru Gobind Singh in Zafarnama has stated that
they (Hill states) are the worshipper of Stones (Idols) and he is stone crusher, so
enmity was natural. * Page 376 Sada Itihas – Principal Satbir Singh

At Paunta Sahib
• Medani Prakash, the King of Sirmor was a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh. He was
aware of the plans of enemies and to keep Guru Ji away from an immediate
threat he invited Guru Ji to Nahan.
• Guru Ji reached Nahan in April 1685 with his men. During the stay at Nanahan,
Guru Ji got a fort constructed and named it Paonta. The place is located on a
beautiful and quite place on the bank of Yamuna.
• Guru Gobind Singh had several valuable possessions which were gifted to him
by the Sangat from time to time. A Pashmina Chandani (canopy) gifted by the
Sangat of Kabul in 1679, Jewelleries gifted by the King of Assam Raja Ratan Rai
in 1680 and a Prasadi Hathi (an elephant which had a white streak from its
trunk to tail) were among it.
• Bhim Chand Paharia wanted to acquire these possessions of Guru Gobind Singh
Ji. He asked Guru Ji to give all those for the marriage of his son. Guru Ji refused
to part them as those belonged to Sikh Sangat.
• At Paonta, Guru Ji held his diwan and sangat started visiting him there.

Peer Bhudu Shah with Guru Gobind Singh,
at Paonta Sahib (1685)

Developments while at Paonta
• Peer Buddhu Shah was a Muslim divine whose real name was Badr-
ud-Din. He was an admirer and ally of Guru Gobind Singh. He use to
regularly visited Guru Ji . During one of his visits in 1685, he
recommended employment for 500 Shia Muslim Pathan soldiers who
were expelled by Aurangzeb. Guru Ji accepted his proposal and
employed them in his Army.
• Aurangzeb who was busy to strengthen his position in South India, He
kept himself informed about developments in North India. Guru Gobind
Singh was perceived as a biggest threat.
• He has been sending instructions to Bhim Chand Paharia of Bilaspur,
Fateh Chand of Srinagar, Raja Kirpal of Katoch, Raja Hari Chand of
Hadoor, Hayat Khan Amir and Pathan’s of Kassor for a direct fight
with Guru Gobind Singh to eliminate any resistance to his empire form
Guru Ji. He also offered his military support.
• Since then Hill states kings were looking for an opportune time to
attack Guru Ji.

Battles of Bhangni – Febuarary 1686
• Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur wrote a letter to Guru Ji saying that they (Hill
state kings) cannot accept his behaviour as he is not living as per our rule
of land.He asked him to accept them as King and live like a citizen of our
Kingdome. He futher warned him that If he does not accept he shall be
ready for a war.
• Guru Ji replied that I belong to Anandpur which is situated on a piece of
land purchased by my father and I am an independent person having no
political desire and I am not your citizen. If this is to be decided in the
battle, I am prepared for it.
• Guru Ji was now ready with a battle plan, he choose a place about 7 KM
from Paonta Sahib on the foot hills at Bhangni.
• Bhim Chand had gathered a large force of his allies Raja Kirpal of Katoch,
Raja Hari Chand of Hadoor, Raja Gopal Rai of Gulair, Raja Fateh Shah of
Srinagar. Aurangzeb had also sent his chosen Generals for this battle.
• Sikhs were prepared to face them who were led by Guru Ji’s Bhua’s sons
Bhai Sango Shah, Jeet Mal, Mohari Chand, Gulab Rai and Sanga Ji. Pandit
Kirpal Chand Ji and Daya Ram were also among in the Guru Ji’s army

Cont:-
• On seeing war preparations, 400 out of 500 Pathans who were
recruited on the advice of Peer Ji deserted Guru Ji just a few days
before the battle of Bhangni. However, Kale Khan with 100 Pathan
stood with Guru Ji till last. This battle was fought on 15 April 1686, it
continued for three days.
• As the news of desertion was received, Peer Bhudu Shah with his
sons and disciples joined Guru Ji during the battle.
• During the battle there were many ups and down, Bhim Chand’s army
was a professional Army while Guru Ji did not have that advantage.
There was heavy casualty from both sides as the battle prolonged to
third day.
• During the fight Guru Ji was injured by an arrow of Hari Chand, Guru
Ji immediately killed him with his arrow. As soon as the news of
death of Hari Chand spread the forces of Pahari raja’s ran away from
the battle field.
• In this battle two sons of Peer Bhudu Shah and Guru Ji’s brother
were martyred along with many Sikhs.

Turning Point
• This victory is viewed as a turning point in the History of Sikhs as it
infused confidence in them to face a much larger military with few
resources. Many professional fighters were also willing join to fight
for Guru ji.
• The Hill states were a demoralized region as now they aware of
their weakness and the power of Guru Gobind Singh. They seems to
have no answer to the bravery Sikhs in the battlefield.
• This battle opened a path of direct confrontation with Mughals.
Because Aurangzeb realized that he can no longer remain
dependent on Rajput’s of Hill state for a victory over Guru Gobind
Singh.
• Muazam (Bahadur Shah) the son of Aurangzeb had reported to him
to avoid a direct confrontation with Sikhs but Aurangzeb continued
his oppression against Sikhs till he was able to get the fort of
Anandpur vacated by Guru Gobind Singh.

Pragtiyo Khalsa Parmatam Ki Mauj
Khalsa came into its existence by the will of God
• He sends messages to the Sikhs across India to come to the Anandpur Sahib on
the Baisakhi of 1699 (13th April 1699). On that day about one Lakh devotee
gathered at Anandpur Sahib on a call by Guru Ji.
• The day 13th April 1699 (Baisakhi) started with prayers and devotions Kirtan.
Guru Ji came in front of the large gathering with a sword in hand and said “The
entire sangat is very dear to me. A need has arisen at this moment for a head
(Sacrifice) will someone come forward.” *
*quote Bhai Santokh Singh, from “Sri Gur Suraj Prakash Granth”
• One after another on five such call five beloved once stood up and offered their
head to Guru Ji.Panj Piyare came from different section of society, there was
one Khatri (shopkeeper), one Jat (farmer), one Chhimba (Calico printer/tailor),
one Ghumar (water-carrier) and one Nai (barber) .
• Khalsa came into its existence by the will of God to bring a change in society.
Gure had a vision of Khalsa that will rise from all sections of society, will have
a distinct appearance, will live a life of self-respect, neither they will get
threaten nor fear from anybody. The Khalsa will be a true Saint and Soldier.

Bhai Daya Ram a Khatri from Lahore came forward and offered his head. He walked
behind the Guru to a tent. After a while Guru Gobind Singh returned with his sword
dripping in the blood and demanded an another head

This time Dharam Das, a Jat from Hastinapur, emerged from the audience and followed
the Guru. On his next three calls, Muhkam Chand, a cloth-printer from Dwaraka, Himmat
Rai, a water-bearer from Jagannath, and Sahib Chand, a barber from Bidar, stood up one
after another and came forward to offer themselves to the Guru.
*Image via Bing

*Image via Bing
The Guru then prepared Amrit. He put water into an iron bowl, stirred the water
with a Khanda (Double edged sword) while reciting sacred verses the Japji Sahib,
Jap Sahib, Anand Sahib, Swayye and the Chaupai Sahib. Mata Jito Ji came and put
puffed sugar in the bowl.

The Amrit was ready and the Guru asked the five to repeat "Waheguru ji Ka Khalsa,
Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh" while he took the Amrit in the palms of his hands and gave them.
He gave them a new name - 'Singh’ to be affixed with their name.
*Image via Bing

*Image via Bing
Then he himself sought to be given Amrit by Panj Piyare. He became
a Guru and Sikhs at the same time. He established a principle of
supremacy of Five (Panj Piyare) in the Sikh religion.

Unique identity of Khalsa
• Guru gave a unique, indisputable and distinct identity to the Sikhs.
• He also gave five emblems representing purity and courage to the
Sikhs. These are worn by all Sikhs and are also known as Five K”s.
These are Kesh (unshorn hair), Kanga (wooden comb), Kara (iron
bracelet), Kirpan (sword) and Kachera (underwear).
• A set of rules to do and not to do (Maryada) was taught to Sikhs.
• The Guru gave the surname of Singh (Lion) to every Sikhs. He himself
also got baptized from the Five beloved once. He became Gobind Singh
from Guru Gobind Rai (his earlier name).
• He pronounced that all Sikh women will suffice Kaur (Princess) in their
names.
• With the distinct Khalsa identity and consciousness of purity Guru
Gobind Singh gave Sikhs an opportunity to live a live with pride, courage
and equality. This event strengthened the path of Sikhism laid by Sri
Guru Nanak Dev Ji.

Unique Identity – Cont.
• The spiritual cum-temporal leadership which emerged from the days of
Guru Nanak inherited by Guru Gobind Singh could not ignore those days
realities. Guru Gobind Singh’s constructive genius reinterpreted the
teachings of the early Guru in the light of new conditions and forged a
dynamic force which none could henceforward ignore.
• Indu Bhushan Banerjee writes in book that hostile environment which
developed in the 17th century towards religious intolerance culminated
in creation of the Khalsa in 1699.
• Aurangzeb could not accept this new development in North India, he
sends a large Army of 10,000 soldiers under the command of Painda
Khan and Dina Beg to attack Anandpur Sahib in 1700 AD.
• In this direct combat between Guru Gobind Singh and Painda Khan, the
latter was killed. His death led to the Mughal army fleeing the battlefield.
• Later, Mughal army led by Saiyad Khan and Ramjan Khan was defeated
by Sikhs in early 1704 AD.

The Siege of Anandpur Sahib
1704
(May to Dec 1704)

The Siege
• After the defeat of Mughal army led by Saiyad Khan and then by Ramjan
Khan in early 1704 AD, Aurangzeb was furious from those defeats. He in
May 1704 sends a larger army under the command of Wazir Khan and
Zaberdast Khan to eliminate the Sikh resistance. He directed all the hill
states chiefs and Mughal governors of North to join.
• The Hill’s chiefs Raja Ajmer Chand of Kahlur, Rajas of Kangra, Kullu,
Kionthal, Mandi, Jammu, Nurpur, Chamba, Guler, Garhwal, Bijharwal,
Darauli and Dadhwal joined the Mughal forces at Anandpur Sahib.
Gujjars and the Ranghars of the area also joined.
• The imperial army of the Nawab of Sirhind, Lahore and Kashmir also
joined the Mughal forces. Historians have estimated strength of
combined forces to be about 10 Lakhs.
Next :

The Siege (cont.- 2)
• The approach adopted by the combined forces was to lay a siege of Anandpur
and defeat Sikhs. The siege which was started in May and continued till
December 1704. This siege continued for a period of 6 months
• The food, Fodder, and Water supplies to Anandpur Sahib were cut off. The
situation soon became extremely critical and the Sikhs were driven to
undertake some very dangerous expeditions to snatch provisions from the
besiegers to survive.
• The Sikhs during the siege displayed exemplary courage to defend Anandpur
Sahib. During the siege Sikhs scripted stories of individual bravery by which the
enemies were scared.
• A long siege without any achievement was of a concern for the enemy forces
and they were coming under pressure from Aurangzeb as he was expecting a
quick victory over Guru Gobind Singh.
• Raja Ajmer Chand sent his envoy to Guru Gobind Singh to convey that if Guru Ji
leaves Anandpur he and Sikhs will not be harmed. They assured that the
Mughals will withdraw after some time and he could return back to Anandpur
whenever he pleased.
Next:

The Siege (cont. - 3)
• The Guru did not trust and did not pay any heed to this proposal.
• The long siege at Anandpur was taking toll of both the sides. Sikhs
were facing acute hunger but continue to have high morale. The other
side was impatient and also facing revolt within their ranks. Supporting
a large army at a hill base with changing season was also difficult.
• Aurangzeb then sent a letter to Guru Ji duly signed by him. He wrote “I
swear on the Quran not to harm you. If I do so, may I not find a place in
God’s court hereafter. Cease warfare and come to me. If you do not
desire to come here you may go to a place where ever you please.”
• The hill Rajas also swore by their Holy Cow and their Gods. They were
committed to safe passage to Guru, his family, and Sikhs..
• During the long siege some Sikh also deserted the Guru and escaped to
their homes. Later their women led by Mata Bhago Ji shamed them and
they re-joined the Guru at Muktsar Sahib and died fighting for him.

Shaheedan-e-Wafa - Allah Yar Khan Jogi
8.
ਛੋੜੋ ਅਨ
ੰ ਦਪੁਰ ਯਿਹ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਮਕਾਮ ਹੈ ।
ਮਖ਼ਦੂਸ ਇਸ ਜਗਹ ਯਪ ਤੁਮਹਾਰਾ ਕਿਾਮ ਹੈ ।
ਫ਼ੌਜੋਂ ਸੇ ਔਰ ਕਲਓਂ ਸੇ ਕਿਾ ਤੁਮ ਕੋ ਕਾਮ ਹੈ ।
ਲੜਨਾ ਹੀ ਜਬ ਨਹੀਂ ਤੋ ਯਿਹ ਕਿੋਂ ਧੂਮ ਧਾਮ ਹੈ ।
ਹੈ ਖ਼ੈਰ ਇਸੀ ਮੇਂ ਅਪਨ
ੇ ਕਹੇ ਪਰ ਅਮਲ ਕਰੋ ।
ਬੇਸੂਦ ਹਮਦਮੋਂ ਕੋ ਨ ਨਜ਼ਰ-ਏ-ਅਜਲ ਕਰੋ ।
• (ਮਖ਼ਦੂਸ=ਖ਼ਤਰੇ ਵਾਲਾ, ਬੇਸੂਦ=ਬੇਫ਼ਾਇਦਾ,
ਹਮਦਮ=ਸਾਥੀ, ਨਜ਼ਰ-ਏ-ਅਜਲ=ਮੌਤ ਦੀ ਭੇਟਾ)
9
ਦੁਨੀਿਾ ਕੇ ਹਮ ਤੋ, ਦੀਨ ਕੇ ਤੁਮ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਹੋ ।
ਆਤਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਿਕੀਂ ਤੁਮਹੇਂ ਦੁਨੀਿਾ ਕੀ ਚਾਹ ਹੋ ।
ਸਯਤਗੁਰ ਕੇ ਪਾਸ ਯਕਸ ਲੀਿੇ ਫ਼ੌਜ-ਓ-ਯਸਪਾਹ ਹੋ ।
ਨਾਨਕ ਕੇ ਜਾਨਸ਼ੀਨ ਕੋ ਕਿੋਂ ਹੁੁੱਬ-ਏ-ਜਾਹ ਹੋ ।
ਯਸੰਘੋਂ ਕੋ ਸਾਥ ਲੇ ਕੇ ਿਹਾਂ ਸੇ ਯਸਧਾਰੀਏ ।
ਵਾਯਹਗੁਰੂ ਕੀ ਫ਼ਤਹ ਕਾ ਨਾਅਰਾ ਪੁਕਾਰੀਏ ।
• (ਹੁੁੱਬ-ਏ-ਜਾਹ=ਰੁਤਬੇ ਦਾ ਯਪਆਰ)

Bravery of Sikhs
at
Anandpur Sahib

Bhai Udai Singh Ji
• Bhai Udai JI was elder son of S
Mony Ram and brother of Bhai
Baichter Singh Ji. He always
remained with Guru Gobind Singh Ji
and participated in all the battles
fought by Guru Ji.
• He killed Raja Balia Chand and Raja
Kesari Chand during the period of
siege of Ananadpur.
• He accompanied Guru Ji and was
martyred fighting with Baba Ajit
Singh Ji protecting the convey of
Sikhs while crossing Sirsa river

Bhai Baichter Singh Ji
• Bachiter Singh was the younger
brother of Bhai Udai Singh Ji.
• Once a drunken elephant was
forced by Mughals toward Sikhs for
destruction. Guru Gobind Singh
called upon Bhai Bachitar Singh
blessed him and tasked him to
manage situation.
• Bhai sahib with his Nagni (weapon)
rode a horse and single handedly
turned back the drunken elephant
towards Mughals causing much
damage to them..

Bhai Khania Ji íÅÂÆ Øé·ÂÆÁÅ ÜÆ
• During the daily fighting at Anandpur, Bhai
Kanhaiya Ji use to carry a Mashak (a water
jacket made of leather) in the battle field to
serve anyone who was thirsty irrespective of
whether he was Sikh or Mughal.
• Guru Ji questioned his action when some
Sikh soldiers brought it to the notice of Guru
Ji. Bhai Kanhiya Ji said that I see you (Guru
Ji) in all these men. Guruji was pleased with
his answered and action and asked him to
carry medicines for the wounded soldiers as
well.
• Bhai Khanya Ji laid foundation of treating
wounded or fallen soldiers in the battle field
a model which was adopted by Red Cross
much later.

Leaving Anandpur
• Towards the end of Dec 1704, Guru Ji decided to leave
Anandpur Sahib. On the night of 19/20 December 1704, he
vacated Anandpur Sahib in two Groups.
• The first group consisted of his Mehals (wife's) Mata
Sundari Ji and Mata Sahib Kaur Ji, his Mother Mata Gujar
Kaur Ji and Guru Ji's two younger sons. This group was
also moving a large volume of literature and manuscript
prepared by Guru Ji. Bhia Uday Singh and 200 Sikhs
were given the responsibility to protect them.
• The second group consisted of Guru Ji, his two elder
sons, Panj Piarye and 400 Sikhs.

• The moment enemy got the news of Guru’s departure, they forgot all
their pledges and commitment to Guru Gobind Singh and set out to
attack convoy. .
• A bloody battle was fought at the Shahi Tibbi near Kiratpur Sahib with
Mughals under the command of Baba Ajit Singh Ji and Bhai Udai
Singh.
• While the battle of Shahi Tibbi was in progress, the Guru had reached
the bank of Sirsa river in early hours of day. The convey of Guru Ji
stopped there for Asa Di war and Nitnem.
• Bhai Jiwan Singh, a Rangretta Sikh, was given a band of one hundred
warriors to stop the enemy.
• The remaining reached on the bank of Sirsa, The Guru Ji and Sikhs
had to cross the flooded Sirsa river at any cost.
Attacked by Mughal forces (19/20 Dec 1604)

Guru Gobind Singh Ji crossing the Sirsa river
with family & his Khalsa’s

Crossing Sirsa river (19-20 Dec 1704)
• All personnel moved into the flooded Sirsa river to cross it. The flood
was so strong that many personnel were drowned and others lost
the direction. They kept moving to escape furry of flood. As a result
the group was divided in three sections.
• Mata Gujri Ji with two younger sons of Guru Ji Baba Zorawar Singh
Ji and Baba Fateh Singh Ji separated from the main group.
• Guru ke Mahal Mata Sundri Ji and Mata Sahib Kaur landed at a far off
place with a few Sikhs. They moved towards Delhi.
• The Guru Ji accompanying his two eldest sons and some Sikhs
reached village Ghanaula on the other side of Sirsa.
• There was a heavy loss of valuables, literature and property while
crossing the river.

Chote Sahibzade and Mata Gujar
Kaur Ji
Journey to Martyrdom

• Mata Ji held hands of both Sahibzade and
continued to move. She saw a hut at a far
of place and reached there.
• Bhai Kumma Mashki for looked after Guru
Ji’s family with food and shelter for that
night.
• In the meantime, Guru Ji’s Cook Gangu a
brahmin also reached there. He asked
Mataji to accompany him to his village
Kheri which was at a nearby distance.
Gangu brought them to his house.
• He was aware that Mata Ji is carrying
some valuable items with her. He became
greedy and forgot about love and affection
of Guru Gobind Singh Ji towards him.
• The same night he stole the money from
Mataji and threatened Mata Ji to hand them
to Kotwal when questioned about theft.
•
Mata Gujri Ji and Sahibzade (20-22 Dec 1604)

• Gangu went on to inform Thanedar of
Kotwali that the family of Guru Gobind
Singh Ji in at his home at Kheri to
earn the reward money announced to
capture Guru and his family
members.
• Next day on 23 Dec 1604, Thanedar
Jani Khan and Mani Khan came with
soldiers and arrested. They were
taken to Morinda Police station
• The next day they were shifted to
Sirhind and imprisoned there..
Treachery of Gangu (Guru’s Cook) (22-23 Dec 1704)

Baba Zoravar Singh & Baba Fateh Singh with grand
mother Mata Gujri Ji were imprisoned at an
Open Cold Burj in Sirhind (24-26 Dec 1704)

Moti Mehra served milk to Sahibzade and
Mata Gujar Kaur Ji
• Bhai Moti Mehra risked his life to
serve Mata Ji and Sahibzade who
were help in Thande Burj and
were guarded.
• He sold his precious holding to
bribe the security guards to serve
bowl of milk to Sahibzade and
Mata Gujri Ji.
• He did this for the three days
during their captivity in tower at
Sirhind.
• Nawab came to know that they
have been served food and Milk
Mata Ji and Sahibzade at the Burj.
Nawab punished Bhai Moti Mehra
and his wife by death sentenced.

1. Next day the Sahibzade’s were taken to the
court of Wazir Khan, the Nawab of Sirhind.
2. In the court of Nawab Sahibzade displayed
exemplary courage. They refused to greet
him instead loudly Said “Wahe Guru Ji Ka
Khalsa, Wahe Guru Ji Ki Fateh”
3. They ejected any offer of appeasement to
accept Islam.
4. Sucha Nand to appease Nawab Nand
called them son of snake.
5. Nawab of Maler Koltla refused to kill them
when offered to avenge killing of their
brother by Guru Gobind Singh.

Kazi sentenced them to death by
bricking alive.
Sahibzada Zorawar Singh (aged 9) and
Sahibzada Fateh Singh (aged 5) were
bricked alive on 27th Dec 1604
at Sirhind.

Mata Gujri also died in Cold Burj hearing the news of
grand sons death. (27 Dec 1704)

Shaheedan-e-Wafa - Allah Yar Khan Jogi
• 109
हम जान दे क
े और ौं की जानें बचा चले ।
सिक्खी की नीौंव हम हैं िर ौं पर उठा चले ।
गुर्ााई का हैं सकस्सा जहाौं में बना चले ।
सिौंघ ौं की िलतनत का हैं प दा लगा चले ।
गद्दी िे ताज-ओ-तख़त बि अब क म पाएगी ।
दुसनर्ा िे ज़ासलम ौं का सनशाौं तक समटााएगी ।
• 110
ठोडी तक ईंटें चुन दी गईं मूंह तक आ गईं ।
बीनी को ढ ूंपते ही वुह आूंखों पप छ गईं ।
हर च ूंद सी जबीन को घन स लग गईं ।
लख़त-ए-जजगर गुरू क
े वुह दोनों छ
ु प गईं ।
जोगी जी इस क
े ब द हुई थोड़ी देर थी ।
बसती सरहहन्द शहर की ईंटों क ढेर थी ।

Bade Sahibzade
Journey to Martyrdom

Anandpur to Chamkaur Sahib
• After crossing Sirsa on 19/20 Dec Guru Ji with two Sahibzade and 40
Sikhs moved from the banks of Sirsa towards Ropar. They stayed at a
place where now a Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib.
• The next day Chaudhari Budi Chand requested Guru Ji to move to his
house at a nearby place which was like a fortress. Guru Ji moved to the
place which is now called as Chamkaur Di Garhi on 21st Dec 1704.
• Nawab Wazir Khan after getting information of Guru Ji’s movement to
Chamkaur mobilized his men towards the Garhi. The Mughal forces
were led by General Nahar Khan, General Ghani Khan.
• Guru Gobind took position at a Gari in Chamkaur Sahib. He defended
his position with 42 Sikhs in a day long battle on 22nd Dec 1704 with a
very large Mughal forces who had surrounded the Garhi.

Mughal forces surrounded the Garhi

Chamkaur Di Garhi
• Guru Ji during the battle sent four written reminders with his arrows to the
Mughals about their treacheries and warned them this will be punished by
Sikhs in near future.
• One arrows stuck General Khwaja Mahmud on his belt, second arrow hit Wazir
Khan’s horse third arrow pierced through Zabardast Khan,Nawab of Lahore,
and fourth hit leg of Ajmer Chand.
• Guru Gobind Singh's warrior sons and a handful of Sikhs were able to hold
their position a day long battle against a much larger and strong Mughal forces
speaks volumes about their military skills, strategy, and courage.
• As a part of strategy a group of five Sikh warriors were sent out of the Garhi at
a time who continued to fought bravely till achieving martyrdom. Then the next
group followed the same.
• When only a hand full Sikhs were left, Baba Ajit Singh (18 Years) and Jujhar
Singh 14 Years) sons of Guru Gobind Singh took Guru Ji’s permission to attain
martyrdom in the battlefields. Guru Gobind Singh saw them getting sacrificed in
the battlefield of Chamkaur Sahib.
• All the Sikhs in Garhi fearlessly embraced Martyrdom rather than to surrender.

Sahibzada (Baba) Ajit Singh Ji at Chamkaur
(22nd Dec 1704)

• Sahibzada Ajit Singh Ji was the eldest son, born to Mata Sundhri Ji on 9th
November 1686 at Anandpur Sahib.
• He was deployed for protection of Garhi and saw Sikhs warriors go out to
defend and dyeing a heroic deaths, When few were left he approached his
father and asked if he could be next.
• Guru Ji took him in his arms and blessed him. Guru Ji sent him out with five
Sikhs - Alam Singh, Jawahar Singh, Dhyan Singh, Sukha Singh, and Bir Singh.
• In the battlefield the enemies he was very swift and pushed back the attackers
and killed many. When he ran out of arrows he took out his sword and fought
bravely.
• The Moghul soldiers surrounded him, the brave Ajit Singh held them at bay
and killed many soldiers.
• He died in the battle field of Chamkaur. He was just 18 years old on 22nd Dec
1704
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Ji

Sahibzada (Baba) Jujhar Singh Ji
(22nd Dec 1704)

• Sahibzada Jujhar Singh Ji was Guru Ji's second son. He was born on
27th November 1690 to Mata Jito Ji at Anandpur Sahib.
• By the time Sahibzada Ajit Singh Ji had fallen in battle at Chamkaur,
Sahibzada Jujhar Singh Ji who had seen his brother and Sikhs
attaining Martyrdom approached his father and told him that he would
like to follow his brothers foot steps.
• Guru Ji embraced him and blessed him to go to the battle field with
other five Sikhs. He fought very bravely and fearlessly.
• He fell in battle as a martyred son of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sahibzada
Jujhar Singh Ji was just 14 years old.
Sahibzada (Baba) Jujhar Singh Ji

Martyrs of Chamkaur Sahib
• Guru Gobind Singh's warrior sons and a handful of Sikhs could hold their
position against a much larger and strong Mughal forces in a day long
battle speaks volumes about their military skills and courage.
• They fearlessly embraced Martyrdom rather than to surrender. The names
of those who embraced Martyrdom at Chamkaur Sahib will remain etched
in the history of Sikhs with golden letters.
• Among martyrs were three of Piyara’s , two sons of Guru Gobind Singh and
34 beloved Sikhs of Guru.
• Daan Singh, Dhyan Singh, Khazan Singh, Mukham Singh, Himmat Singh
(both among Panj Piare), Deva Singh and Ishar Singh, Amolak Singh, Anand
Singh, Lal Singh, Kesar Singh, Kirat Singh, Muhar Singh, Ajit Singh (eldest
son of Guru Gobind Singh), Alim Singh, Bir Singh, Dhyan Singh, Jawahir
Singh, Sukha Singh, Bir Singh, Jujhar Singh (14-year-old second son of Guru
Gobind Singh) were among those who attained martyrdom.

Decision of Panj Piyara’s
• As the daylight on 22rd Dec 1704 faded into dusk, the remaining warriors
desired Guru Gobind Singh to make a safe get away. The Guru declined,
expressing his wish to remain with his beloved devotees until his last
breath.
• Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh, Man Singh, Sangat Singh, and Sant
Singh, held a council and formally ordered Guru Gobind Singh to leave the
Garhi for the Chardi Kala of the Khalsa Panth.
• Guru Gobind Singh obeying the dictate of Panj Piyara strapped his
Armor and placed his feathered plume in the crest of the turban of
Bhai Sangat Singh.
• Sangat Singh climbed to a prominent place where he could be seen
by the enemy in the last hrs of the day and held the Guru's golden
tipped arrow high over head.

Bhai Sangat Singh Ji was martyred the next day
as lone Sikh holding the fort.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji leaves Garhi
• Before leaving Guru Ji releases his arrows into the enemy camp shattering
peace of enemy camp. Guru Ji came out of the Gari loudly announced that
“Hind da Peer” is leaving.
• Three of remaining Sikhs disguised themselves as Mughal soldiers by
wearing their uniforms ran into the enemy camp and started killing
shouting that the Guru had escaped. Confusion ensued and Mughal soldiers
mistakenly fell upon each other and killed each other in the darkness.
• Bhai Sangat Singh Ji was martyred the next day on 23rd Dec 1704 as lone
person holding the fort. For the Mughals, they thought they have killed
Guru Gobind Singh since Bhai Sanagt Singh who bore resemblance with
Guru Ji.
• Bibi Harsharan Kaur manages to performed last rites of Shaheed Singhs
and Sahibzade on 24/25 Dec1 604. Once identifies as a Sikh woman, she
was killed on 25th Dec 1604.

ਗੰ ਜ-ਏ-ਸ਼ਹੀਦਾਂ - ਅੱ ਲ੍ਹਾ ਯਾਰ ਖ਼ਾਂ ਜਗਗੀ
ਬੁੱਸ ਏਕ ਯਹੰਦ ਮੇਂ ਤੀਰਥ ਹੈ
ਿਾਤਰਾ ਕੇ ਲੀਿੇ ।
ਕਟਾਏ ਬਾਪ ਨ
ੇ ਬੁੱਚੇ ਜਹਾਂ
ਖ਼ੁਦਾ ਕੇ ਲੀਿੇ ।
ਚਮਕ ਹੈ ਯਮਹਰ ਕੀ ਚਮਕੌਰ
ਤੇਰੇ ਜ਼ੁੱਰੋਂ ਮੇਂ,
ਿਹੀਂ ਸੇ ਬਨ ਕੇ ਸਤਾਰੇ ਗਏ
ਸਮਾੁੱ ਕੇ ਲੀਿੇ ।
(117)
Says - Alha Yar Khan Jogi
“There is just one place of
religious importance in India.
The place where a father
sacrificed his sons for the sake
of Nation and religion.
Chamkaur you have the
blessing of God from where
sons of Guru Gobind freed
themselves like the shining
stars in the beautiful sky.”

Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji @ Machiware

• In the meantime, Guru Gobind Singh reached the ravines Machhiwara. Here
Guru Ji recited a well-known hymm- 'Mitra Pyare Nu’ .
• Bhai Dharam Singh and Bhai Mani Singh traced Guru and reached
Machhiwara. Later Gulaba Guru Jis attendant also reached there.
• Gurdwara Sri Charan Kanwal Sahib marks the site of the place where Sri
Guru Gobind Singh Ji stopped to take rest.
• Here he got the news that his younger sons Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and
Fateh Singh have been bricked alive under the order of Nawab of Sirhind. The
news of Passing away of Mata Gujari was also received.
• Gani Khan and Nabi Khan who were Horse traders came to met him at this
place. Sensing danger to Guruji they took him to their house and declared
that they have “Uch Da Peer” as their guest at home. (Uch is a place in
southwest Punjab)
• After a few days Gani Khan, Nabi Khan, Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh
and Bhai Mani Singh carried Guru Gobind Singh out of Machhiwara in a
palanquin befitting a Saint. He moved on from there toward Muktsar Sahib.
Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji @ Machiware

Muslim brothers Nabi Khan and Gani Khan
carried Guru Gobind Singh Ji seated on a charpoy as
“Uch Da Peer”

From Machiware to Diana
Guru Ji stayed at Machiwara for a few days and thereafter
travelling through Villages of Kanech, Jatpura, Dhaliana, Chakar,
Thakatupura, Masel etc. reached Deena.

Last battle @ Sri Muktsar Sahib
May 1705
• It is known as the last battlefield of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. This battle was
fought in May 1705 A.D. proved to be the most decisive conflict in the military
history of the Sikhs.
• Muktsar was known as Khidrane De Dhab ਯਿਦਰਾਣੇ ਦੀ ਢਾਬ).
• The news of torture and death of Guru’s son and Sikhs spread like a wild fire.
Sikhs from all over regrouped near Kidrane Di Dhab under the command of
Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Mata Bhago Ji brought back a group of 40 Sikhs led by
Maha Singh who had left Guru Ji at Anandpur Sahib during the siege to join
again and fight for Guru.
• Guru Ji fought his last battle with the Mughal forces at this place. All the 40
Sikhs “Chalie Muktey” fought to death here against the Mughals under the
leadership of Guru Ji.
• The city was renamed as Muktsar in the memory of those who were martyred
here. The Mughal forces retreated from here never to regroup against Guru
Gobind Singh Ji.

40 Mukte : All the Sikhs who deserted Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur, admitted their
mistake & returning back to Guru’s service. Mai Bhago who was instrumental for their return
led them in the battle. They died fighting for Guru Ji in the battle of Mukatsar. Guru Sahib
forgave them & tore their Bedawa (desertion note).

Zafarnama (Gurmukhi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਹ or ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾ, Persian: ‫ظفرنامہ‬
)means the "Declaration of Victory"
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji wrote a letter of Victory addressing it to Aurangzeb. Guru
Ji in the 111 verses of this letter in Persian rebukes Aurangzeb for his
weaknesses as a human and for excesses he committed on humanity.
• Guru Ji writed about his confidence and his unflinching faith in
the Almighty even after suffering extreme personal loss.
• Out of 111 verses, the maximum numbers of 34 verses are in the praise of God,
32 verses deal with Aurangzeb’s invitation for the Guru to meet him and the
Guru's refusal to meet the Emperor - instead Guruji asks him visit him assuring
him that that no harm will be done to him if he come to him.
• In other verses there is indictment of Aurangzeb and the treachery of his
Mughal Generals and forces, other parts of the letter have verses are advices
to return to the fold of brotherly love and make things right between them
again

Guru Gobind Singh – Bhai Mani Singh Ji
• After the battle of Muktsar, Guru Ji
came over to Talwandi Sabo a small
village and rested here for over Fifteen
months from June 1705 to Oct 1706.
• Damdama literally means resting
place. So, this place came to be known
as Damdama Sahib.
• During the period he recompiled Sri
Guru Granth Sahib Ji by inserting
hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadar Ji. Bhai
Mani Singh Ji wrote as Guru Ji recited.
(30th August 1706)
• This Takht was officially recognized as
the fifth Takht of Sikhism on 18
November 1966.
•

Death of Aurangzeb and accession of Bahadur Shah
(Oct 1606- June 1607)
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji after leaving Dam Dama Sahib in October 1706 visited
many places in the North India to meet his followers.
• After the death of Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah (Muazam ) became the
Emperor of India. His younger step-brother Azam Shah the Governor of the
South-Eastern part of the empire also declared himself to be Aurangzeb's
successor.
• This led to a war of succession between them. During this time Bahadar
Shah while he was at Sirsa sent a request for military help to Guru Gobind
Singh.
• This was an unusual request from a Mughal King. It was taken as a change
of attitude or perhaps necessitated after the Mughal Commanders observed
the fighting skills of the Guru’s followers.
• Guru Gobind Singh agreed to give military support on two conditions: Firstly,
when he becomes the emperor, he would treat all his non-Muslim subjects
as equals and secondly, he would hand over all those who committed
atrocities upon his Sikhs.

towards Delhi- Agra (July 1707).
• Muazam (Bahadur Shah) accepted the conditions laid by Guru Gobind Singh
Ji.
• Guru Gobind Singh sent a detachment of his able horsemen fighters to help
him. The crucial battle between the two brothers was fought at a place
called Jajau, North of Agra on 08th June 1707. In this battle Muazam was
victorious. After the battle he executed Azam Shah and his two sons.
• When Muazam (Bahadur Shah) was firmly in royal seat Gobind Singh came
to Agra on an invitation of Bahadur Shah.
• Guru Ji reached Agra in July 1707. The Mughal Emperor received him very
courteously by getting up from his throne and offered a seat next to him.
Guru Ji stayed there for four months.
• Bahadur Shah presented Guru Gobind Singh with a Khilat -a trail of
expensive gifts. The Khilat also included a Saif (European Broad Sword)
which once belonged to Hazrat Ali, the son-in-law of Prophet Mohammad.
Note- The Saif was presented to Aurangzeb by the Caliph of Baghdad. This Saif
is now preserved among the weapons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Sri Keshgarh
Sahib Gurdwara,Punjab, India.

Reached Nanded Sahib (Sept 1708)
• Guru Gobind Singh reminded the emperor of the two conditions he had
agreed upon, but Bahadur Shah remained non-committal.
• He requested Guru Sahib to accompany him towards the Deccan, the
southern peninsula of India, where the Mughals were fighting with the
Marathas. Guru Gobind Singh reminded in his company for about 4 months,
• Guru Ji found him backtracking on his word and he parted his company
from Rajputana and headed towards Nanded reaching there in Sept 1708.
• At Nanded in the first week of Sept 1708 a Bairagi Sadhu Madho Dass was
baptized by Guru Gobind Singh ji and was given a new name Banda Singh
Bahadur.
• He was blessed by him and tasked to go to Punjab with a select Sikh and
punish all those responsible for killing of Sikhs and Sahibzade.

Guru Gobind Singh – Baba Banda Singh Bahadar

Guru Gobind Singh @ Nanded
• Wazir Khan the Nawab of Sirhind had hired two Afghans, Jamshed Khan and
Wasil Beg, to follow the Guru Ji and assassinate him.
• The two Pathan followed Guru Ji for many days. They managed to infiltrate the
Sikhs camp near river Godavari. They gained access to the Guru and
Jamshed Khan stabbed him with caused a fatal wound on his chest deep
below his heart.
• Guru Ji fought back and killed the assassin, while the other assassin's
companion was killed by the Sikh guards. (Senapati in Sri Gur Sobha)
• Guru Ji knew his condition and in a ceremonial function on 05th Oct 1708,
placed five paise in front of Sri Guru Grant Sahib and bowed before Granth
Sahhib.
• He declared Sri Guru Granth Sahib as his successor and ended the line of
personal leadership at Nanded.

Guru Gobind Singh declared the holy Sri Guru Granth Sahib
as the successor to him
“Agya bhai Akal ki tabhi chalayo Panth
Sabh Sikhan ko hukam hai Guru manyo Granth
Guru Granth Ji manyo pargat Guran ki deh
Jo Prabhu ko milbo chahe khoj shabad mein le
Raj karega Khalsa aqi rahei na koe
Khwar hoe sabh milange bache sharan jo hoe."
Translation of the above:
"Under orders of the Immortal Being, the Panth was created.
All the Sikhs are enjoined to accept the Granth as their Guru.
Consider the Guru Granth as embodiment of the Gurus.
Those who want to meet God, can find Him in its hymns.
The Khalsa shall rule, and its opponents will be no more,
Those separated will unite and all the devotees shall be saved.“
-------
Two days later, while stringing a bow, the stitches of his wound got reopened on 7th
October 1708, Guru Gobind Singh Ji breathed his last

“Agya bhai Akal ki tabhi chalayo Panth Sabh Sikhan ko hukam
hai Guru manyo Granth” by; Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Khalsa Raj
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji died on 07 October 1708. His death fueled a long
and bitter war of the Sikhs with the Mughals led by Baba Banda Singh
Bahadar.
• He demolished Mughals and captured all important towns and princely
states of Mughal in North India in very short span of time.
• On 12 May 1710 Battle of “ Chapar Chiri” was fought between the two
powerful forces of the Sikh and Mughal. Baba Banda Singh Bahadar
killed Wazir Khan the Nawab of Sirhind.
• Sirhind was won after two days on 14th May 1710. Baba Banda Singh
Bahadar unfurled Nishan Sahib on the fort of Sirhind. He established
Khalsa Raj within 19 months after being blessed by Guru Gobind Singh
Ji at Nanded and punished all those responsible for Killig of Guru Tegh
Bahadar Ji , Sahibzade, Mata Gujar Kaur Ji and beloved Sikhs of Guru
Gobind Singh..

Growth of Mughal Empire
reference
Babur
1525
Akbar
1605
Aurangzeb
1707

From the writer:
This booklet is dedicated to the supreme sacrifice of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji’ and his four
Sahebzade. An effort has been made to present Sikh History between 1675 to 1708 in a
chronological order.
It is hoped that this will help younger generation to understand and encourage them to
read more on subject.
Reference:
1. Pracheen wara te Jang Name – Sikh research Board SGPC.
2. Twarik Khalsa-Giani Gian Singh, Bhasha Vibhag Punjabi University.
3. Sada Itihas- Principal Satbir Singh.
4. Sikh Itihas – Prof. Kartar Singh. MA
5. A history of Sikhs –Khushwant Singh.
6. Shahdeedan -e- Wafa and Ganj-e-Shaheedan Allah Yar Khan Jogi.
by:
Commander Balvir Singh
737 Urban Estate Phase I, Jalandhar.
E-mail- balvir57@gmail.com

Sikh History covering period of 1675-1708.

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