An interview is a qualitative research method that relies on asking questions in order to collect data. Interviews involve two or more people, one of whom is the interviewer asking the questions. There are several types of interviews, often differentiated by their level of structure.
This document provides information on conducting interviews as a method for data collection in research. It discusses interviews as a systematic way to collect data through conversations by asking questions and listening to responses. Different types of interviews are described, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Tips are provided for developing interview guides, preparing for interviews, asking questions, and maintaining control during the interview process while avoiding biases. The goal is to obtain rich, contextual information from participants in an ethical manner.
Interviewing techniques for research by jayadeva de silvaSelf-employed
Structured interviews have a set list of questions asked in the same order to all respondents. This allows for standardized, quantifiable responses but limits flexibility. Semi-structured interviews follow a general outline but allow elaboration. Unstructured interviews are open conversations that generate rich qualitative data but are difficult to analyze systematically. The type of interview chosen depends on the goal of obtaining standardized or customized responses within the needed time and resources.
This document discusses various research interview methods used to collect primary data, including unstructured interviews which use open-ended questions to understand perceptions, structured interviews which use standardized questions, and focus groups which gather group discussions. It provides tips for conducting interviews such as establishing rapport, avoiding bias, and using techniques like funneling. The advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as focus groups and videoconferencing are also outlined.
The document provides information about interviews as a method for collecting qualitative data in research. It discusses different types of interviews including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews involve asking all participants the same standardized set of closed-ended questions in a specific order. They allow for comparisons across responses but lack detail. Semi-structured interviews use an interview guide but allow flexibility in the order of questions. The document outlines advantages such as control and standardization with structured interviews but notes they lack flexibility.
The document provides information on different types of interviews that can be used for data collection in research. It discusses structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews involve asking all respondents the same closed-ended questions in a standardized order. Semi-structured interviews use an interview guide but allow flexibility in wording and order of questions. Unstructured interviews are open conversations that gather in-depth details on a limited number of topics. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each type of interview.
This document discusses different types of interviews. It begins by defining an interview as a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. It then describes formal interviews as highly structured with predetermined questions asked in a set order. Informal interviews are described as unstructured without predetermined questions or order. Semi-structured interviews use a flexible framework of topics rather than strict questions. The document provides details on each type of interview.
An interview is essentially a structured conversation where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee. The interviewer asks questions to which the interviewee responds, usually providing information. That information may be used or provided to other audiences immediately or later. This feature is common to many types of interviews – a job interview or interview with a witness to an event may have no other audience present at the time, but the answers will be later provided to others in the employment or investigative process. An interview may also transfer information in both directions.
This document discusses effective interview techniques for obtaining information. It identifies several skills effective interviewers employ, such as preparing well by defining the purpose, setting appropriate expectations with the interviewee, choosing relevant topics to cover, structuring questions clearly, and probing for clarification when needed. Interviewers should also be aware of potential sources of error or bias and how to mitigate them, such as through question wording or sequencing. With practice, interviewers can improve their skills at conducting interviews that obtain full and accurate information from respondents.
This document provides information on conducting interviews as a method for data collection in research. It discusses interviews as a systematic way to collect data through conversations by asking questions and listening to responses. Different types of interviews are described, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Tips are provided for developing interview guides, preparing for interviews, asking questions, and maintaining control during the interview process while avoiding biases. The goal is to obtain rich, contextual information from participants in an ethical manner.
Interviewing techniques for research by jayadeva de silvaSelf-employed
Structured interviews have a set list of questions asked in the same order to all respondents. This allows for standardized, quantifiable responses but limits flexibility. Semi-structured interviews follow a general outline but allow elaboration. Unstructured interviews are open conversations that generate rich qualitative data but are difficult to analyze systematically. The type of interview chosen depends on the goal of obtaining standardized or customized responses within the needed time and resources.
This document discusses various research interview methods used to collect primary data, including unstructured interviews which use open-ended questions to understand perceptions, structured interviews which use standardized questions, and focus groups which gather group discussions. It provides tips for conducting interviews such as establishing rapport, avoiding bias, and using techniques like funneling. The advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as focus groups and videoconferencing are also outlined.
The document provides information about interviews as a method for collecting qualitative data in research. It discusses different types of interviews including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews involve asking all participants the same standardized set of closed-ended questions in a specific order. They allow for comparisons across responses but lack detail. Semi-structured interviews use an interview guide but allow flexibility in the order of questions. The document outlines advantages such as control and standardization with structured interviews but notes they lack flexibility.
The document provides information on different types of interviews that can be used for data collection in research. It discusses structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews involve asking all respondents the same closed-ended questions in a standardized order. Semi-structured interviews use an interview guide but allow flexibility in wording and order of questions. Unstructured interviews are open conversations that gather in-depth details on a limited number of topics. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each type of interview.
This document discusses different types of interviews. It begins by defining an interview as a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. It then describes formal interviews as highly structured with predetermined questions asked in a set order. Informal interviews are described as unstructured without predetermined questions or order. Semi-structured interviews use a flexible framework of topics rather than strict questions. The document provides details on each type of interview.
An interview is essentially a structured conversation where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee. The interviewer asks questions to which the interviewee responds, usually providing information. That information may be used or provided to other audiences immediately or later. This feature is common to many types of interviews – a job interview or interview with a witness to an event may have no other audience present at the time, but the answers will be later provided to others in the employment or investigative process. An interview may also transfer information in both directions.
This document discusses effective interview techniques for obtaining information. It identifies several skills effective interviewers employ, such as preparing well by defining the purpose, setting appropriate expectations with the interviewee, choosing relevant topics to cover, structuring questions clearly, and probing for clarification when needed. Interviewers should also be aware of potential sources of error or bias and how to mitigate them, such as through question wording or sequencing. With practice, interviewers can improve their skills at conducting interviews that obtain full and accurate information from respondents.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in research, including structured, unstructured, individual, and focus group interviews. It describes the key characteristics of focus group interviews such as including 6-8 participants, asking open-ended questions, and training the interviewer. The document also outlines techniques for properly conducting interviews such as preparing questions in advance, actively listening without bias, and maintaining rapport with the interviewee.
This document outlines the process of conducting interviews and focus groups for research purposes. It begins with definitions of interviews and their purposes. There are several types of interviews described, including structured, semi-structured, unstructured, and focus groups. The planning and conducting of interviews is explained in a 10 stage process: 1) thematizing, 2) designing, 3) constructing a schedule, 4) question format, 5) response mode, 6) conducting, 7) transcribing, 8) analyzing, 9) verifying, and 10) reporting. Focus groups are defined as involving a small group of participants who discuss a topic led by a moderator. The analysis of interview data can involve thematic analysis, narrative analysis, or
There are two types of interviews: structured and unstructured. A structured interview involves predetermined questions that are asked verbally and responses are recorded. An unstructured interview is more like a conversation without set questions. Conducting interviews requires skill to create rapport and avoid influencing responses. Questionnaires can be structured or unstructured but most involve choosing answers. Observation involves watching and recording real-life events without involvement (simple) or as a participant. Both methods have advantages like reliable data but also disadvantages like time consumption.
There are two types of interviews: structured and unstructured. A structured interview involves predetermined questions that are asked verbally and responses are recorded. An unstructured interview is more like a conversation without set questions. Conducting interviews requires skill to make the respondent comfortable and avoid influencing their answers. Questionnaires can be structured or unstructured but most involve choosing answers. Observation involves watching and recording real-life events without influencing them. Both methods have advantages like collecting accurate data but also disadvantages like being time-consuming.
This slide will guide other researchers that wants to collect data using Interview method. It teaches how to analyse the data as well. This was a presentation that was carried out in our research method class by our group.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in research. It describes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews, as well as single, group, and focus group interviews. The key aspects of preparing for an interview, properly executing it, and accurately recording and interpreting the responses are also outlined. Interviews are a commonly used research method that allow direct collection of data through verbal communication, but require skill and care to implement effectively.
Qualitative interviews involve flexible, unstructured conversations to understand participants' perspectives. They are commonly used in combination with other methods like observation. Interviews can vary in structure from unstructured to semi-structured using an interview guide. Factors like number of interviews, use of visual aids, group settings, and recording methods are considered. Locating respondents, obtaining consent, and addressing issues like researcher effects are important planning considerations. Analyzing interviews involves transcription and identifying common themes.
Questionnaire, interview, observation and rating scale zunaira rafiq
In writing about your research when you have completed the project you need an explanation of your methodology so that others can understand the significance of what you have done and make sense of how it all worked. The methodology piece says why you did what you did. It also enables you to write about what you did not do and why, and about the weaknesses or limitations of your project as well as its strengths. Every research has a limitation of some sort and it is perfectly acceptable to identify the weaknesses of your own study.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in psychology: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. A structured interview involves asking all candidates the same predetermined questions in the same order to allow for objective comparison. A semi-structured interview involves both predetermined and spontaneous questions to provide a more personalized approach. An unstructured interview has no predetermined questions and follows a free-flowing conversation format to explore topics in depth. The document outlines the key characteristics, steps, advantages, and disadvantages of each interview type.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in psychology: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. A structured interview involves asking all candidates the same predetermined questions in the same order to allow for objective comparison. A semi-structured interview involves both predetermined and spontaneous questions to provide a more personalized approach. An unstructured interview has no predetermined questions and follows a free-flowing conversation format to gather personal details from candidates. The document outlines the key characteristics, steps, advantages, and disadvantages of each interview type.
This document provides tips for conducting interviews. It discusses planning the interview by clearly articulating the purpose and determining the interview format. Some common formats are informal interviews, general interview guides, standardized open-ended interviews, and closed fixed-response interviews. The document also discusses developing good interview questions, choosing an interview location, recruiting interviewees, conducting the interview, and following up after the interview.
This document discusses different types of interviews used in research including structured and unstructured interviews. It describes the key characteristics of each type of interview and their advantages and disadvantages. Structured interviews involve standardized questions while unstructured interviews are more like conversations. Preparing for interviews, qualifying interviewers, constructing question types and stages of interviews are also outlined.
The document discusses interview methods for research. Interviews involve direct face-to-face interaction between the interviewer and interviewee. They allow for collection of in-depth data through open-ended questions and discussion. There are different types of interviews - structured interviews follow a rigid standardized format; semi-structured interviews have some flexibility in question order; single interviews involve one interviewer and interviewee; group interviews have multiple interviewees. Interviews have advantages like depth of information, insights from experts, and flexibility, but are also time consuming to analyze and can be affected by the interviewer.
Conducting an interview requires skill to create an atmosphere of openness and trust. The interviewer must schedule interviews at convenient times for respondents and avoid seeming judgmental. While interviews provide immediate answers and flexibility, respondents may feel uneasy giving certain answers or try to please the interviewer. Questionnaires standardize responses but have lower response rates than interviews. Observation directly watches phenomena unfold but can miss details and lose objectivity.
Seminar in research practicum ,in depth-interviewKKU
The document discusses in-depth interviews, which involve open-ended questions to deeply explore a respondent's perspective. Key features include semi-structured questioning that allows the conversation to flow naturally, seeking to understand responses through interpretation and clarification, and recording responses, observations, and reflections. The seven stages of in-depth interviews are: 1) determining the purpose and key information, 2) designing an interview guide, 3) conducting the interview, 4) transcribing responses, 5) analyzing themes in the information, 6) verifying the information through methods like triangulation, and 7) reporting findings to stakeholders. A skilled interviewer is a good listener who can notice nonverbal cues and remain flexible and open-minded throughout the
This document provides information on different types of primary and secondary research methods for answering research questions, including questionnaires, interviews, observations, message boards, and analyzing media texts. It also discusses open-ended, closed, and probe questions that can be used in interviews.
The document provides tips for gathering survey data through formal processes such as questionnaires and interviews. It discusses how to ensure survey sampling is done correctly, create effective questionnaires, conduct interviews, avoid biases in data gathering and analysis, and write good questions. Key tips include keeping questions short and simple, avoiding double-barreled or leading questions, considering the respondent's perspective and attention span, and using a mix of open-ended and closed-ended questions appropriately.
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1) An informal interview involves guiding questions rather than a strict interview guide or set of questions. The interviewer has freedom to organize the interview.
2) A semi-standardized interview uses a mix of prepared and spontaneous questions focused on the research topic.
3) An interview guide contains general topics rather than strict questions, allowing the interview a conversational style while still covering key areas.
The document discusses survey questionnaires. A questionnaire is a form used to collect data in a survey by asking respondents questions. It serves four purposes: to collect appropriate data, make data comparable and analyzable, minimize bias, and make questions engaging. The document provides guidance on developing a questionnaire, including deciding what information is needed, defining the target population, formulating questions to answer research questions, organizing questions logically, consulting experts, piloting the questionnaire, and adhering to ethical standards. It also discusses open-ended versus closed-ended questions and examples of each.
What methodology is used in interview?
qualitative research method
Interviews are a qualitative research method used to collect primary data by asking one or more people about their opinions, experiences or perspectives on a particular topic or subject matter. Three main types of interviews are structured, unstructured, and semi-structured.
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The document discusses different types of interviews used in research, including structured, unstructured, individual, and focus group interviews. It describes the key characteristics of focus group interviews such as including 6-8 participants, asking open-ended questions, and training the interviewer. The document also outlines techniques for properly conducting interviews such as preparing questions in advance, actively listening without bias, and maintaining rapport with the interviewee.
This document outlines the process of conducting interviews and focus groups for research purposes. It begins with definitions of interviews and their purposes. There are several types of interviews described, including structured, semi-structured, unstructured, and focus groups. The planning and conducting of interviews is explained in a 10 stage process: 1) thematizing, 2) designing, 3) constructing a schedule, 4) question format, 5) response mode, 6) conducting, 7) transcribing, 8) analyzing, 9) verifying, and 10) reporting. Focus groups are defined as involving a small group of participants who discuss a topic led by a moderator. The analysis of interview data can involve thematic analysis, narrative analysis, or
There are two types of interviews: structured and unstructured. A structured interview involves predetermined questions that are asked verbally and responses are recorded. An unstructured interview is more like a conversation without set questions. Conducting interviews requires skill to create rapport and avoid influencing responses. Questionnaires can be structured or unstructured but most involve choosing answers. Observation involves watching and recording real-life events without involvement (simple) or as a participant. Both methods have advantages like reliable data but also disadvantages like time consumption.
There are two types of interviews: structured and unstructured. A structured interview involves predetermined questions that are asked verbally and responses are recorded. An unstructured interview is more like a conversation without set questions. Conducting interviews requires skill to make the respondent comfortable and avoid influencing their answers. Questionnaires can be structured or unstructured but most involve choosing answers. Observation involves watching and recording real-life events without influencing them. Both methods have advantages like collecting accurate data but also disadvantages like being time-consuming.
This slide will guide other researchers that wants to collect data using Interview method. It teaches how to analyse the data as well. This was a presentation that was carried out in our research method class by our group.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in research. It describes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews, as well as single, group, and focus group interviews. The key aspects of preparing for an interview, properly executing it, and accurately recording and interpreting the responses are also outlined. Interviews are a commonly used research method that allow direct collection of data through verbal communication, but require skill and care to implement effectively.
Qualitative interviews involve flexible, unstructured conversations to understand participants' perspectives. They are commonly used in combination with other methods like observation. Interviews can vary in structure from unstructured to semi-structured using an interview guide. Factors like number of interviews, use of visual aids, group settings, and recording methods are considered. Locating respondents, obtaining consent, and addressing issues like researcher effects are important planning considerations. Analyzing interviews involves transcription and identifying common themes.
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The document discusses different types of interviews used in psychology: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. A structured interview involves asking all candidates the same predetermined questions in the same order to allow for objective comparison. A semi-structured interview involves both predetermined and spontaneous questions to provide a more personalized approach. An unstructured interview has no predetermined questions and follows a free-flowing conversation format to explore topics in depth. The document outlines the key characteristics, steps, advantages, and disadvantages of each interview type.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in psychology: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. A structured interview involves asking all candidates the same predetermined questions in the same order to allow for objective comparison. A semi-structured interview involves both predetermined and spontaneous questions to provide a more personalized approach. An unstructured interview has no predetermined questions and follows a free-flowing conversation format to gather personal details from candidates. The document outlines the key characteristics, steps, advantages, and disadvantages of each interview type.
This document provides tips for conducting interviews. It discusses planning the interview by clearly articulating the purpose and determining the interview format. Some common formats are informal interviews, general interview guides, standardized open-ended interviews, and closed fixed-response interviews. The document also discusses developing good interview questions, choosing an interview location, recruiting interviewees, conducting the interview, and following up after the interview.
This document discusses different types of interviews used in research including structured and unstructured interviews. It describes the key characteristics of each type of interview and their advantages and disadvantages. Structured interviews involve standardized questions while unstructured interviews are more like conversations. Preparing for interviews, qualifying interviewers, constructing question types and stages of interviews are also outlined.
The document discusses interview methods for research. Interviews involve direct face-to-face interaction between the interviewer and interviewee. They allow for collection of in-depth data through open-ended questions and discussion. There are different types of interviews - structured interviews follow a rigid standardized format; semi-structured interviews have some flexibility in question order; single interviews involve one interviewer and interviewee; group interviews have multiple interviewees. Interviews have advantages like depth of information, insights from experts, and flexibility, but are also time consuming to analyze and can be affected by the interviewer.
Conducting an interview requires skill to create an atmosphere of openness and trust. The interviewer must schedule interviews at convenient times for respondents and avoid seeming judgmental. While interviews provide immediate answers and flexibility, respondents may feel uneasy giving certain answers or try to please the interviewer. Questionnaires standardize responses but have lower response rates than interviews. Observation directly watches phenomena unfold but can miss details and lose objectivity.
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The document discusses in-depth interviews, which involve open-ended questions to deeply explore a respondent's perspective. Key features include semi-structured questioning that allows the conversation to flow naturally, seeking to understand responses through interpretation and clarification, and recording responses, observations, and reflections. The seven stages of in-depth interviews are: 1) determining the purpose and key information, 2) designing an interview guide, 3) conducting the interview, 4) transcribing responses, 5) analyzing themes in the information, 6) verifying the information through methods like triangulation, and 7) reporting findings to stakeholders. A skilled interviewer is a good listener who can notice nonverbal cues and remain flexible and open-minded throughout the
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2. Interviews as a
Data Collection Tool
Interviewing is a form of questioning characterized by the fact that it
employs verbal questioning as its principal technique of data
collection.
Interviews are employed by people in everyday life, but as a
scientific tool of social research, or better as a method of data
collection, interviewing is different with regard to its preparation,
construction, and execution in that it is prepared and executed in a
systematic way.
Interviews basically consist of asking questions, listening to
individuals and recording their responses.
Interviews allow participants to provide rich, contextual descriptions
of events. Interviews are a systematic way of talking and listening to
respondents and are another way to collect data from individuals
through conversations.
Kvale (1996) regarded interviews as “an interchange of views
between two or more people on a topic of mutual interest, sees the
centrality of human interaction for knowledge production, and
emphasizes the social situatedness of research data.”
2
3. Why Interview?
The most obvious way of finding the information is to ask someone
who may be able to help. Interviews also have a large number of
potential advantages for a qualitative researcher. Specifically, in an
information setting some of the advantages are especially
significant. There are many reasons to use interviews for collecting
data and using it as a research instrument. Gray (2004) provided the
following reasons
• There is a need to attain highly personalized data.
• There are opportunities required for probing.
• A good return rate is important (speed).
• When respondents are not fluent in the native language of the
country, or where they have difficulties with written language.
• Immediacy
3
4. Types & Styles of Interviews
Interviewing as a research method typically
involves you, as researcher, asking
questions and, hopefully, receiving answers
from the people you are interviewing. It is
very widely used in social research and
there are many different types.
A commonly used typology distinguishes
among structured, semistructured and
unstructured interviews. The different types
can link to some extent to the 'depth' of
response sought (Robson 2002, 269).
4
5. Interview Types
Fully structured interview: Has predetermined
questions with fixed wording, usually in a pre-set order.
The use of mainly open-response questions is the only
essential difference from an interview-based survey
questionnaire.
Semi-structured interview: Has predetermined
questions, but the order can be modified based upon the
interviewer's perception of what seems most appropriate.
Question wording can be changed and explanations
given; particular questions which seem inappropriate with
a particular interviewee can be omitted, or additional ones
included.
Unstructured interviews: The interviewer has a general
area of interest and concern, but lets the conversation
develop within this area. It can be completely informal.
5
6. Interviewing Tips
Your task as interviewer is to try to get interviewees to talk
freely and openly. Your own behavior has a major
influence on their willingness to do this. To this end you
should:
Listen more than you speak Most interviewers talk too much.
The interview is not a platform for the interviewer's personal
experiences and opinions.
Put questions in a straightforward, clear and non-threatening
way If people are confused or defensive, you will not get the
information you seek.
Eliminate cues which lead interviewees to respond in a particular
way Many interviewees will seek to please the interviewer by
giving 'correct' responses ('Are you against sin?').
Enjoy it (or at least look as though you do) Don't give the
message that you are bored or scared. Vary your voice and facial
expression.
It is also essential that you take a full record of the interview.
This can be from notes made at the time and/or from a
recording of the interview.
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7. More Interviewing Tips
Try to be interactive and sensitive to the language and
concepts used by the interviewee
Try to keep the agenda flexible
Aim to go below the surface of the topic being discussed
Explore what people say in detail
Check you have understood respondents' meanings
Try to discover the interviewee's own framework of meanings
Avoid imposing own structures and assumptions
Need to consider how perceived by interviewees and the
effects of characteristics such as class, race, sex, and social
distance on the interview
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8. Interview Guides
A guide is not a rigidly structured set of
questions to be asked verbatim as written,
accompanied by an associated range of pre-
worded likely answers. Rather, it is a list of
items to be sure to ask about when talking to
the person being interviewed. You want
interviewees to speak freely in their own
terms about a set of concerns you bring to
the interaction, plus whatever else they
might introduce.
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9. Steps to Develop the Guide
WHO (the World Health Organization) suggested six steps
to devise an interview guide. These include
Identify appropriate topics and questions
Decide on the level of detail
Draft the questions
Order the questions.
List any probes or prompts and
Pilot the questions. Have the informant identify the
problems during the pilot.
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10. Preparing for Interviews
It is necessary for the researcher to prepare before the actual
interview. The interview prep should start well before the interview
actually begins. Once the interview is conducted the researcher
needs to make sure that the respondents have:
A clear idea of why they have been approached
Basic information about the purpose of the interview and the
research project of which it is a part
Some idea of the probable length of the interview and that you
would like to record it (explaining why and getting permission)
A clear idea of precisely where and when the interview will take
place
(Gillham, 2000).
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11. Questions to Avoid In
Interviews
Long questions The interviewee may remember only part of the
question, and respond to that part.
Double-barrelled (or multiple-barrelled) questions, e.g. 'What do you
feel about current video game content compared with that of five
years ago?' The solution is to break it down into simpler questions
('What do you feel about current video games?'; 'Can you recall any
video games from five years ago?'; 'How do you feel they compare?').
Questions involving jargon Generally you should avoid questions
containing words likely to be unfamiliar to the target audience. Keep
things simple to avoid disturbing interviewees; it is in your own
interest as well.
Leading questions, e.g. 'Why do you like the concept of welfare
reform?' It is usually better to modify such questions, to make them
less leading and more objective.
Biased questions Provided you are alert to the possibility of bias, it is
not difficult to write unbiased questions. What is more difficult,
however, is not (perhaps unwittingly) to lead the interviewee by the
manner in which the question is asked, or the way in which you
receive the response. Neutrality is called for, and in seeking to be
welcoming and reinforcing to the interviewee, you should try to avoid
appearing to share or welcome their vIews. (Robson 2002, 275)
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12. Introduction Strategies
Explain purpose and nature of the study to the respondent, telling
how, or through, whom she or he came to be selected.
Give assurance that the respondent will remain anonymous in any
written reports growing out of the study, and that his or her
responses will be treated in strictest confidence.
Indicate that s/he may find some of the questions far-fetched, silly
or difficult to answer, for the reason that questions that are
appropriate for one person are not always appropriate for another.
Since there are no right or wrong answers, s/he is not to worry
about these but to do as best he can with them. We are only
interested in his/her opinions and personal experiences.
S/He is to feel perfectly free to interrupt, ask clarification of the
interviewer, criticize a line of questioning, etc.
Interviewer will tell respondent something about herself or himself
– his/her background, training, and interest in the area of enquiry.
Interviewer is to ask permission to tape-record the interview,
explaining why s/he wishes to do this.
(From Davis, 1960; see also Lofland and Lofland, 1995, pp. 84-5, cited in Robson 2002, 281).)
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13. Types of Questions to Ask
There is an almost unlimited range of items that can be
addressed during an interview. These can include
content related to the respondent’s:
Behavior and experiences
Opinions and beliefs
Feelings
Knowledge
Sensory and non-verbal descriptions
Background and demographic information
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14. Maintaining Control
of the Interview
Know what it is you want to find out
Ask the right questions to get the
information you need
Give appropriate verbal and non-verbal
feedback
Good feedback vs. bad feedback
Avoid bias whenever possible
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15. Controlling Your Biases
List ways in which your characteristics
might bias you in your efforts at research
interviewing.
Then write how you might counteract these
biases.
And then write how these efforts to
counteract your biases might themselves
lead to other biases.
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