The document discusses the pumping lemma for regular and context-free languages. It states that for regular languages, any string of length greater than n can be broken down into uvxyz where pumping uvixyiz for i >= 0 keeps the string in the language. For context-free languages, any string can be broken into five parts where pumping the second and fourth parts keeps the string in the language. Examples are given demonstrating how pumping works for strings generated by a context-free grammar.