This document outlines a project to develop an embedded system for podiatric gait analysis and posture correction. It will use pressure sensors embedded in shoes to capture foot pressure data during walking in real-time. The data will be transmitted wirelessly via Bluetooth and displayed graphically on a smartphone app. The system aims to help analyze foot injuries, identify abnormal pressure patterns, and evaluate the effects of medical treatments and surgical procedures. It is intended to be portable, discrete and provide an easy to understand analysis of foot movement and pressure distribution during gait.
• Designed a Bio Inspired Transfemoral Prosthesis System for the amputes based on Artificial Neural Networks implemented on MATLAB.
• Designed a prototype of a Prosthetic limb and trained the same using Artificial neural networks to replicate the working of the biological Limb.
• An algorithm based on discrete wavelet transforms and was developed to train the neurons in order to respond to the stimuli extracted from the amputated limb using the myoelectric signal (MES) extracted using piezo electric sensors
• Matlab was used to implement the 3 layer Neural network and the Neural network was trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Algorithm for classification of the signals.
• The classified signal was then transmitted to a Micro controller to control the movement of the limb, servo motors were used to control the positioning of the limb to great accuracy.
• The design was implemented minimizing the weight to a great extent with great amount of flexibility and control.
• Its main application is for the amputes to live a natural life.
Cortex Walk – Smart Shoes for Monitoring Foot Pressure in Diabetic PatientsIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart shoe system that monitors foot pressure in diabetic patients. The system uses flexi force sensors in the shoe insole to measure pressure in different foot areas. Vibrating motors can stimulate blood flow by vibrating at different locations and frequencies. Data is transmitted wirelessly from the shoe to a handheld device. The device displays pressure readings and stores long-term data. The system aims to enable early detection of diabetic neuropathy through affordable and portable at-home monitoring of foot pressure distribution and movement.
Cortex Walk – Smart Shoes for Monitoring Foot Pressure in Diabetic PatientsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a smart shoe system to monitor foot pressure in diabetic patients. The system uses flexi force sensors in the shoe insole to measure foot pressure distribution. It transmits pressure data wirelessly to a handheld device that displays the results. The shoe also uses vibrating motors to stimulate blood flow at different locations. The system aims to enable early detection of diabetic neuropathy and provide treatment by patients at home in a low-cost portable manner.
IRJET-Pedobarography Insoles with Wireless Data TransmissionIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a wireless plantar pressure measurement system using force sensing resistors (FSRs). The system includes an insole with embedded FSR sensors to measure pressure distribution under the foot. Sensor data is transmitted wirelessly via nRF24L01 radios from a transmitter in the insole to a receiver connected to a PC. The PC displays the pressure data in real-time on a graphical user interface. The system aims to provide accurate, wireless plantar pressure measurements to help diagnose foot and gait issues.
IRJET- Wireless Healthcare Monitoring using Android PhonesIRJET Journal
This document describes a wireless healthcare monitoring system using Android phones that measures heart rate through photoplethysmography and determines electrical resistance between acupuncture points. It uses an infrared LED and photodiode placed on the fingertip to detect changes in blood volume from the heartbeat. The signal is sent to an Arduino and processed to display the heart rate on an Android phone. Electrical resistance is also measured between acupuncture points P6 and P3 on the hands before and after pressure is applied. The results from 10 subjects show increased resistance values after pressure, indicating the importance of monitoring changes in acupuncture points.
This document discusses electrogoniometers, which are devices that measure joint angles through electrical signals. It outlines the background, definition, types, uses, advantages, and reliability of electrogoniometers. The main types are optoelectronic systems, potentiometers, and strain gauges. Electrogoniometers are useful for rehabilitation by precisely measuring joint angles to identify impairments, but they can be bulky and interfere with natural movement. While easy to use, their accuracy is less than other movement measurement systems.
IRJET - A Novel Technology for Shooting SportsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a novel technology for shooting sports that uses sensors to analyze errors in a shooter's form and technique. The system uses an Arduino Nano, gyro sensor, sharp sensor, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor and muscle sensors to track deviations in the shooter's posture, movement, stress on the gun, and other biometrics. The data is analyzed by coaches and the shooter to identify mistakes and customize training sessions. The goal is to help shooters improve their skills and performance through objective tracking and analysis of even minor form errors that might otherwise go unnoticed.
In today’s world, the use of sensor technology to make portable devices can help patients in detecting or monitoring diseases. One such problem is the onset of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Diabetes often leads to improper circulation of blood to a person’s feet, which results in diabetic foot ulcers. This leads to gangrene formation and loss of sensation in the patient's foot. If ignored, leads to lower leg amputation. The proposed system is a device which is developed and evaluated to identify the patients who are likely to develop diabetic foot ulcers at an early stage. This is accomplished by fixing pressure sensors in five pressure points of the foot. The foot pressure readings are converted into corresponding voltage output by the sensor. These voltage readings are amplified using an amplification unit. The voltage data are read using a data acquisition device. The output of the device decides whether the person has the probability to develop diabetic foot ulcer or not.
• Designed a Bio Inspired Transfemoral Prosthesis System for the amputes based on Artificial Neural Networks implemented on MATLAB.
• Designed a prototype of a Prosthetic limb and trained the same using Artificial neural networks to replicate the working of the biological Limb.
• An algorithm based on discrete wavelet transforms and was developed to train the neurons in order to respond to the stimuli extracted from the amputated limb using the myoelectric signal (MES) extracted using piezo electric sensors
• Matlab was used to implement the 3 layer Neural network and the Neural network was trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Algorithm for classification of the signals.
• The classified signal was then transmitted to a Micro controller to control the movement of the limb, servo motors were used to control the positioning of the limb to great accuracy.
• The design was implemented minimizing the weight to a great extent with great amount of flexibility and control.
• Its main application is for the amputes to live a natural life.
Cortex Walk – Smart Shoes for Monitoring Foot Pressure in Diabetic PatientsIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart shoe system that monitors foot pressure in diabetic patients. The system uses flexi force sensors in the shoe insole to measure pressure in different foot areas. Vibrating motors can stimulate blood flow by vibrating at different locations and frequencies. Data is transmitted wirelessly from the shoe to a handheld device. The device displays pressure readings and stores long-term data. The system aims to enable early detection of diabetic neuropathy through affordable and portable at-home monitoring of foot pressure distribution and movement.
Cortex Walk – Smart Shoes for Monitoring Foot Pressure in Diabetic PatientsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a smart shoe system to monitor foot pressure in diabetic patients. The system uses flexi force sensors in the shoe insole to measure foot pressure distribution. It transmits pressure data wirelessly to a handheld device that displays the results. The shoe also uses vibrating motors to stimulate blood flow at different locations. The system aims to enable early detection of diabetic neuropathy and provide treatment by patients at home in a low-cost portable manner.
IRJET-Pedobarography Insoles with Wireless Data TransmissionIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a wireless plantar pressure measurement system using force sensing resistors (FSRs). The system includes an insole with embedded FSR sensors to measure pressure distribution under the foot. Sensor data is transmitted wirelessly via nRF24L01 radios from a transmitter in the insole to a receiver connected to a PC. The PC displays the pressure data in real-time on a graphical user interface. The system aims to provide accurate, wireless plantar pressure measurements to help diagnose foot and gait issues.
IRJET- Wireless Healthcare Monitoring using Android PhonesIRJET Journal
This document describes a wireless healthcare monitoring system using Android phones that measures heart rate through photoplethysmography and determines electrical resistance between acupuncture points. It uses an infrared LED and photodiode placed on the fingertip to detect changes in blood volume from the heartbeat. The signal is sent to an Arduino and processed to display the heart rate on an Android phone. Electrical resistance is also measured between acupuncture points P6 and P3 on the hands before and after pressure is applied. The results from 10 subjects show increased resistance values after pressure, indicating the importance of monitoring changes in acupuncture points.
This document discusses electrogoniometers, which are devices that measure joint angles through electrical signals. It outlines the background, definition, types, uses, advantages, and reliability of electrogoniometers. The main types are optoelectronic systems, potentiometers, and strain gauges. Electrogoniometers are useful for rehabilitation by precisely measuring joint angles to identify impairments, but they can be bulky and interfere with natural movement. While easy to use, their accuracy is less than other movement measurement systems.
IRJET - A Novel Technology for Shooting SportsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a novel technology for shooting sports that uses sensors to analyze errors in a shooter's form and technique. The system uses an Arduino Nano, gyro sensor, sharp sensor, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor and muscle sensors to track deviations in the shooter's posture, movement, stress on the gun, and other biometrics. The data is analyzed by coaches and the shooter to identify mistakes and customize training sessions. The goal is to help shooters improve their skills and performance through objective tracking and analysis of even minor form errors that might otherwise go unnoticed.
In today’s world, the use of sensor technology to make portable devices can help patients in detecting or monitoring diseases. One such problem is the onset of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Diabetes often leads to improper circulation of blood to a person’s feet, which results in diabetic foot ulcers. This leads to gangrene formation and loss of sensation in the patient's foot. If ignored, leads to lower leg amputation. The proposed system is a device which is developed and evaluated to identify the patients who are likely to develop diabetic foot ulcers at an early stage. This is accomplished by fixing pressure sensors in five pressure points of the foot. The foot pressure readings are converted into corresponding voltage output by the sensor. These voltage readings are amplified using an amplification unit. The voltage data are read using a data acquisition device. The output of the device decides whether the person has the probability to develop diabetic foot ulcer or not.
IRJET- IoT Based Home Automation And Health Monitoring System for Physically ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based home automation and health monitoring system for physically challenged individuals using gesture recognition. The system uses MEMS sensors to detect hand gestures which are then used to control home appliances like fans and lights. It also includes health monitoring sensors to monitor the user's heartbeat and detect falls using a vibration sensor. If any abnormal health readings are detected, an SMS alert will be sent using GCM cloud messaging. The system is intended to make daily tasks easier for disabled users and provide remote health monitoring assistance when caregivers are not present.
IRJET- Identification and Analysis of Foot Ulceration using Load Cell Tec...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a method for identifying foot ulceration in diabetic patients using load cell sensors embedded in a mat. The load cells measure pressure distribution across the foot.
2) Machine learning techniques like support vector machines can analyze the pressure data and identify high risk areas with over 94% accuracy and 95% precision.
3) Dynamic measurements during walking provide more useful information than static measurements, as pressure distribution changes throughout the gait cycle. Early detection of high pressure points can help prevent foot ulcers.
This document describes a smart glasses multimeter system that displays voltage and current readings directly in the user's field of vision while troubleshooting electrical circuits. The system uses sensors to measure the voltage and current, an ARM7 microcontroller to process the readings, and an OLED display mounted in the glasses frame. A convex lens reflects the display output so it appears next to the user's eye for an unobstructed view of the circuit and measurements simultaneously. The system aims to increase accuracy, mobility, and convenience compared to traditional handheld multimeters. It was tested to accurately measure various voltage and current levels to within 1-2% of a standard multimeter.
This document describes a project to develop a fingertip ECG acquisition system. The system aims to make ECG monitoring more portable and accessible for cardiovascular patients. It uses dry sensors on the fingertip to detect heartbeats and converts the signals to an electrical signal processed by an Arduino board. The Arduino filters and analyzes the signals to generate and display the ECG waveform. The system provides a simple, portable way to monitor heart activity without bulky equipment or gel sensors.
IRJET - Footstep Power Generation using Piezo Electric SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to generate electricity from human footfalls using piezoelectric sensors. The project aims to address the increasing global demand for electricity by harnessing unused mechanical energy from walking. Piezoelectric sensors placed under a rubber mat convert the mechanical energy of human footsteps into electrical energy. An Arduino microcontroller counts the number of steps using an IR sensor and calculates the generated electricity. A bridge rectifier converts the alternating current to direct current to power an LED indicator. The system is intended to generate emergency power by harvesting energy from foot traffic in dense, populated areas.
IRJET - Advancement of the Adjustable and Modest 3D Printed Prosthetic AR...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the development of an adjustable 3D printed prosthetic arm controlled via electromyography (EMG) signals. The researchers designed a prosthetic arm that can be controlled intuitively via EMG sensors that detect muscle contractions in the amputated limb. The arm was 3D printed to be lightweight and affordable. Testing showed the arm could accurately interpret EMG signals and perform basic motions like grasping objects. The researchers concluded the 3D printed EMG-controlled arm has potential to provide amputees increased independence through an affordable and customizable prosthetic option.
Special Report: Medical Robotics
Self-propelled nanobots that deliver drugs inside the human body...novel sensors that improve the safety and precision of industrial robots...a dynamic hydrogel material that makes building soft robotic devices as simple as assembling a LEGO set. These are just a few of the medical robotics innovations you'll read about in this compendium of recent articles from the editors of Medical Design Briefs and Tech Briefs magazines.
The paper presents the incorporation of electronics in medical field in order to ease the difficulty of patients for monitoring their physiological conditions in their regular routine life. In the past few decades, due to the advancement in the field of technology, it has proved to be much useful to implement numerous techniques in various other fields like „medical and its application‟. This paper deals with an implementation of a microcontroller based system called as „Patient Monitoring System‟. The „Patient Monitoring System‟ can be used as a technology for monitoring patients outside of conventional clinical settings like home settings, which may lead to increase in the care of patients. It has been recognized as a valuable tool that can enable the care givers to effectively maintain compliance with established guidelines forpatients. It can be defined as a system used for monitoring the various physiological conditions. This can be done with the help of taking different body parameters like heart beats, blood pressure and temperature. These body parameters act as multiplesignal inputs which can be given in order to find out the corresponding outputs which might be so obtained. The result so obtained can thus be compiled into a single device. It can thus help to measure various body parameters of various patients and store the result as database
This document describes the development of a system called VibroCV for capturing vibroarthrograms (knee joint sounds) and related physiological signals. VibroCV synchronizes data from four skin-mounted accelerometers, four wireless EMG sensors, and two high-speed cameras tracking LED markers on the knees. The system was designed to noninvasively study how vibroarthrograms may provide biomarkers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Preliminary recordings from healthy and JIA-affected subjects demonstrate VibroCV's ability to simultaneously capture joint sounds, muscle activity, movements, and angles.
This document describes a smart spine posture detector system that uses flex sensors and an accelerometer connected to an Arduino microcontroller to detect improper spinal posture alignment. The system notifies the user when their posture changes from normal to poor through a Bluetooth connected Android application. It was found to have a sensitivity of 80.1% in detecting improper posture during testing. The goal of the system is to help users maintain good posture and reduce back pain caused by prolonged slouching.
The document describes a patient monitoring system that uses sensors to measure a patient's heart rate, body temperature, and other vital signs. An Arduino microcontroller is used to collect data from sensors like a heart rate sensor and LM35 temperature sensor, and display the readings on an LCD screen. The system is intended to help doctors monitor patients' health conditions remotely by recording vital signs over time.
Electricity Generation Tiles Using Piezoelectric SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for generating electricity using piezoelectric sensors in tiles. When people walk on the tiles, the pressure exerted is converted to voltage by the piezoelectric sensors. This voltage is then stored in batteries. Key components of the system include piezoelectric sensor tiles, voltage regulators, diodes, an RFID module, and an Arduino microcontroller. The tiles contain multiple piezoelectric sensors connected in a series-parallel configuration. Testing showed a linear relationship between a person's weight and the power generated. The stored energy could power devices like street lights or charge mobile phones using an RFID reader. The system provides an environmentally friendly way to generate electricity from human foot traffic.
This document reviews foot plantar pressure measurement systems. It discusses the needs and requirements for measuring foot plantar pressure, including the pressure ranges, sampling frequencies, and sensor specifications needed. Platform-based and in-shoe measurement systems are described and their advantages and limitations compared. Finally, the document discusses various commercial pressure sensors used in these systems, including their characteristics such as linearity, hysteresis, temperature sensitivity, sensing area, and pressure range. It proposes that a new MEMS-based sensor could provide an improved solution.
This document reviews foot plantar pressure measurement systems. It discusses the needs and requirements for measuring foot plantar pressure, including the pressure measurement environments of platform and in-shoe systems. The key requirements for foot plantar sensors are also outlined, such as linearity, hysteresis, temperature sensitivity, pressure range, and sensing area. Finally, the document describes some common commercial foot plantar pressure sensors that are available, including capacitive, resistive, piezoelectric, and piezoresistive sensors.
The document describes the design of a low-cost biofeedback cane called the iCane to help in rehabilitation for stroke patients. The iCane system consists of a gait analyzer to determine a patient's maximum safe weight bearing and an iCane that provides audio feedback if the patient leans too heavily on the cane during walking practice. A preliminary study found the iCane improved patients' walking speeds and posture after short-term use and has the potential to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness when used for longer periods as part of motor skill learning.
Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Surveyijasuc
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks, applicable in various
fields. This paper surveys the WBANs that are designed for applications in healthcare. We present a
comprehensive survey consisting of stand-alone sections focusing on important aspects of WBANs. We
examine the following: monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocols, system architectures, routing
and security. We conclude by discussing some open research issues, their potential solutions and future
trends.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
This document describes the design of an automated artificial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device that uses internet of things (IoT) technology. The device is intended to provide mechanical chest compressions to cardiac arrest victims in hospitals to help pump blood to vital organs until spontaneous circulation returns. It will use a DC motor, microcontroller, and power source to achieve the desired 2-inch deep chest compressions at the proper rate. IoT sensors will allow the device and patient's cardiac waveforms to be monitored remotely. The goal is to increase cardiac arrest survival rates by providing effective and distributed mechanical CPR assistance.
IRJET- Powered Exoskeleton for Assisting Upper Limb Disability using ArtemisIRJET Journal
This document describes a powered exoskeleton designed to assist arm movements for those with upper limb disabilities. Specifically, it aims to assist stroke survivors and those with weak musculature. The exoskeleton allows for flexion and extension of the elbow joint, controlled via a joystick. It is made of lightweight materials to minimize strain on the user. The design uses a motor, motor driver, microcontroller and other components to power arm movements and lift loads up to 15kg to assist with daily activities. The goal is to provide affordable rehabilitation and support to regain arm function.
This document describes a device called PENBEAT, which is a smart pen that can monitor the user's heart rate using a sensor inside the pen. It is connected to a mobile device using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The pen is designed to notify the user via their mobile phone if their heart rate goes above or below a certain threshold, or send a message to their family members if the heart issue persists. It aims to help detect potential heart issues or attacks early. The document provides details on the design of the pen, how it works, and results from testing prototypes. It discusses the technology and approaches used, and outlines potential future work to expand the pen's capabilities.
IRJET- IoT Based Home Automation And Health Monitoring System for Physically ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based home automation and health monitoring system for physically challenged individuals using gesture recognition. The system uses MEMS sensors to detect hand gestures which are then used to control home appliances like fans and lights. It also includes health monitoring sensors to monitor the user's heartbeat and detect falls using a vibration sensor. If any abnormal health readings are detected, an SMS alert will be sent using GCM cloud messaging. The system is intended to make daily tasks easier for disabled users and provide remote health monitoring assistance when caregivers are not present.
IRJET- Identification and Analysis of Foot Ulceration using Load Cell Tec...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a method for identifying foot ulceration in diabetic patients using load cell sensors embedded in a mat. The load cells measure pressure distribution across the foot.
2) Machine learning techniques like support vector machines can analyze the pressure data and identify high risk areas with over 94% accuracy and 95% precision.
3) Dynamic measurements during walking provide more useful information than static measurements, as pressure distribution changes throughout the gait cycle. Early detection of high pressure points can help prevent foot ulcers.
This document describes a smart glasses multimeter system that displays voltage and current readings directly in the user's field of vision while troubleshooting electrical circuits. The system uses sensors to measure the voltage and current, an ARM7 microcontroller to process the readings, and an OLED display mounted in the glasses frame. A convex lens reflects the display output so it appears next to the user's eye for an unobstructed view of the circuit and measurements simultaneously. The system aims to increase accuracy, mobility, and convenience compared to traditional handheld multimeters. It was tested to accurately measure various voltage and current levels to within 1-2% of a standard multimeter.
This document describes a project to develop a fingertip ECG acquisition system. The system aims to make ECG monitoring more portable and accessible for cardiovascular patients. It uses dry sensors on the fingertip to detect heartbeats and converts the signals to an electrical signal processed by an Arduino board. The Arduino filters and analyzes the signals to generate and display the ECG waveform. The system provides a simple, portable way to monitor heart activity without bulky equipment or gel sensors.
IRJET - Footstep Power Generation using Piezo Electric SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to generate electricity from human footfalls using piezoelectric sensors. The project aims to address the increasing global demand for electricity by harnessing unused mechanical energy from walking. Piezoelectric sensors placed under a rubber mat convert the mechanical energy of human footsteps into electrical energy. An Arduino microcontroller counts the number of steps using an IR sensor and calculates the generated electricity. A bridge rectifier converts the alternating current to direct current to power an LED indicator. The system is intended to generate emergency power by harvesting energy from foot traffic in dense, populated areas.
IRJET - Advancement of the Adjustable and Modest 3D Printed Prosthetic AR...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the development of an adjustable 3D printed prosthetic arm controlled via electromyography (EMG) signals. The researchers designed a prosthetic arm that can be controlled intuitively via EMG sensors that detect muscle contractions in the amputated limb. The arm was 3D printed to be lightweight and affordable. Testing showed the arm could accurately interpret EMG signals and perform basic motions like grasping objects. The researchers concluded the 3D printed EMG-controlled arm has potential to provide amputees increased independence through an affordable and customizable prosthetic option.
Special Report: Medical Robotics
Self-propelled nanobots that deliver drugs inside the human body...novel sensors that improve the safety and precision of industrial robots...a dynamic hydrogel material that makes building soft robotic devices as simple as assembling a LEGO set. These are just a few of the medical robotics innovations you'll read about in this compendium of recent articles from the editors of Medical Design Briefs and Tech Briefs magazines.
The paper presents the incorporation of electronics in medical field in order to ease the difficulty of patients for monitoring their physiological conditions in their regular routine life. In the past few decades, due to the advancement in the field of technology, it has proved to be much useful to implement numerous techniques in various other fields like „medical and its application‟. This paper deals with an implementation of a microcontroller based system called as „Patient Monitoring System‟. The „Patient Monitoring System‟ can be used as a technology for monitoring patients outside of conventional clinical settings like home settings, which may lead to increase in the care of patients. It has been recognized as a valuable tool that can enable the care givers to effectively maintain compliance with established guidelines forpatients. It can be defined as a system used for monitoring the various physiological conditions. This can be done with the help of taking different body parameters like heart beats, blood pressure and temperature. These body parameters act as multiplesignal inputs which can be given in order to find out the corresponding outputs which might be so obtained. The result so obtained can thus be compiled into a single device. It can thus help to measure various body parameters of various patients and store the result as database
This document describes the development of a system called VibroCV for capturing vibroarthrograms (knee joint sounds) and related physiological signals. VibroCV synchronizes data from four skin-mounted accelerometers, four wireless EMG sensors, and two high-speed cameras tracking LED markers on the knees. The system was designed to noninvasively study how vibroarthrograms may provide biomarkers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Preliminary recordings from healthy and JIA-affected subjects demonstrate VibroCV's ability to simultaneously capture joint sounds, muscle activity, movements, and angles.
This document describes a smart spine posture detector system that uses flex sensors and an accelerometer connected to an Arduino microcontroller to detect improper spinal posture alignment. The system notifies the user when their posture changes from normal to poor through a Bluetooth connected Android application. It was found to have a sensitivity of 80.1% in detecting improper posture during testing. The goal of the system is to help users maintain good posture and reduce back pain caused by prolonged slouching.
The document describes a patient monitoring system that uses sensors to measure a patient's heart rate, body temperature, and other vital signs. An Arduino microcontroller is used to collect data from sensors like a heart rate sensor and LM35 temperature sensor, and display the readings on an LCD screen. The system is intended to help doctors monitor patients' health conditions remotely by recording vital signs over time.
Electricity Generation Tiles Using Piezoelectric SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for generating electricity using piezoelectric sensors in tiles. When people walk on the tiles, the pressure exerted is converted to voltage by the piezoelectric sensors. This voltage is then stored in batteries. Key components of the system include piezoelectric sensor tiles, voltage regulators, diodes, an RFID module, and an Arduino microcontroller. The tiles contain multiple piezoelectric sensors connected in a series-parallel configuration. Testing showed a linear relationship between a person's weight and the power generated. The stored energy could power devices like street lights or charge mobile phones using an RFID reader. The system provides an environmentally friendly way to generate electricity from human foot traffic.
This document reviews foot plantar pressure measurement systems. It discusses the needs and requirements for measuring foot plantar pressure, including the pressure ranges, sampling frequencies, and sensor specifications needed. Platform-based and in-shoe measurement systems are described and their advantages and limitations compared. Finally, the document discusses various commercial pressure sensors used in these systems, including their characteristics such as linearity, hysteresis, temperature sensitivity, sensing area, and pressure range. It proposes that a new MEMS-based sensor could provide an improved solution.
This document reviews foot plantar pressure measurement systems. It discusses the needs and requirements for measuring foot plantar pressure, including the pressure measurement environments of platform and in-shoe systems. The key requirements for foot plantar sensors are also outlined, such as linearity, hysteresis, temperature sensitivity, pressure range, and sensing area. Finally, the document describes some common commercial foot plantar pressure sensors that are available, including capacitive, resistive, piezoelectric, and piezoresistive sensors.
The document describes the design of a low-cost biofeedback cane called the iCane to help in rehabilitation for stroke patients. The iCane system consists of a gait analyzer to determine a patient's maximum safe weight bearing and an iCane that provides audio feedback if the patient leans too heavily on the cane during walking practice. A preliminary study found the iCane improved patients' walking speeds and posture after short-term use and has the potential to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness when used for longer periods as part of motor skill learning.
Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Surveyijasuc
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks, applicable in various
fields. This paper surveys the WBANs that are designed for applications in healthcare. We present a
comprehensive survey consisting of stand-alone sections focusing on important aspects of WBANs. We
examine the following: monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocols, system architectures, routing
and security. We conclude by discussing some open research issues, their potential solutions and future
trends.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
This document describes the design of an automated artificial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device that uses internet of things (IoT) technology. The device is intended to provide mechanical chest compressions to cardiac arrest victims in hospitals to help pump blood to vital organs until spontaneous circulation returns. It will use a DC motor, microcontroller, and power source to achieve the desired 2-inch deep chest compressions at the proper rate. IoT sensors will allow the device and patient's cardiac waveforms to be monitored remotely. The goal is to increase cardiac arrest survival rates by providing effective and distributed mechanical CPR assistance.
IRJET- Powered Exoskeleton for Assisting Upper Limb Disability using ArtemisIRJET Journal
This document describes a powered exoskeleton designed to assist arm movements for those with upper limb disabilities. Specifically, it aims to assist stroke survivors and those with weak musculature. The exoskeleton allows for flexion and extension of the elbow joint, controlled via a joystick. It is made of lightweight materials to minimize strain on the user. The design uses a motor, motor driver, microcontroller and other components to power arm movements and lift loads up to 15kg to assist with daily activities. The goal is to provide affordable rehabilitation and support to regain arm function.
This document describes a device called PENBEAT, which is a smart pen that can monitor the user's heart rate using a sensor inside the pen. It is connected to a mobile device using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The pen is designed to notify the user via their mobile phone if their heart rate goes above or below a certain threshold, or send a message to their family members if the heart issue persists. It aims to help detect potential heart issues or attacks early. The document provides details on the design of the pen, how it works, and results from testing prototypes. It discusses the technology and approaches used, and outlines potential future work to expand the pen's capabilities.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
1. Podiatric Gait Analysis and Posture Correction Using Embedded System
Under the guidance of
Prasanna Kumar D C
Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 1
Presented by:
||Jai Sri Gurudev||
S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
PROJECT PHASE-2 SECOND REVIEW
NAMES USN
INDU R C 1SJ19EC066
LEKHASHREE S 1SJ19EC083
MADHANGOWDA K 1SJ19EC092
2. 1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Objectives
4. Problem statement
5. Methodology
6. Literature survey
7. Block diagram
8. Hardware Components
9. Conclusion
10. Applications and Advantages
11. References
12. Improvement
OUTLINE
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 2
3. ABSTRACT
3
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
An average person takes thousands of steps each day, resulting in the
placement extreme high pressure on one’s feet.
This leads to various bio-mechanical problems with grievous effects. So, there
is a need for monitoring foot pressure and treating these conditions effectively.
In this project, we present a versatile and discrete sensor which is capable of
capturing data as you walk in real-time; vivid and easy to understand graphics
obtained, will let the subject and the doctor see what happens while walking.
The graphics are displayed on the Smartphones using an Android application
developed by us.
It is wireless, portable and user friendly technology and also records the data
or history for gait analysis by a podiatrician.
4. 4
INTRODUCTION
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
Podiatry or podiatric medicine is a branch of medical science devoted to the
study, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle
and lower extremity.
5. INTRODUCTION
Pressure mapping of the feet is used for
• Measuring degree of pronation
• Determining degree of ankle joint
• Determining patterns of weight bearing forces
• Back pain can be diagnosed with pressure mapping of the foot and gait analysis
• Symmetry between feet
• Determining areas of highest pressure
• Identifying areas of potential ulceration in diabetics.
• To evaluate surgical procedures
• Gait analysis of athletes for better performance
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 5
6. OBJECTIVE
6
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
Pressure mapping of the foot using discrete sensor..
To measure and analyze pressure distribution on a person’s
foot for research and product development applications.
To analyze foot injuries and human anatomy development
in medical field .
7. 7
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Sensing Area of the Sensor in which size and placement of the
sensor are also critical.
As a large sensor may underestimate the peak pressure.
Slower loading response on the lateral aspect of the foot during gait
and sometimes patients problems are not identified if the feet is not
properly align to the shoe Because of several weight and feet
features.
8. METHODOLOGY
8
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
The input to the pressure sensor is the pressure applied on it by the foot of the
subject which is continuously processed by the microcontroller and sent to the
Smartphone via a Bluetooth device for the monitoring of gait.
Wireless data transmission eliminates the hindrance caused due to long wires
and Smartphone interface helps the subject for user friendly, self analysis and
anytime-any-where analysis of foot movement.
In fact these gait patterns can be monitored in real time and can also be stored
in the SD card for comparing results before and after treatment.
We have developed an android application which displays graphical and
pictorial data of the feet in real time.
To develop our model we use EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE.
9. Dept.of ECE,SJCIT 9
LITERATURE SURVEY
[1]. “Insole-based Real-
time Gait Analysis:
Feature Extraction and
Classification”
Reza Anwary, Damla
Arifoglu, Michael Jones,
Michael Vassallo and
Hamid Bouchachia
25 May 2021 IEEE
International Conference
This paper explains
about Gait assessment
relies on clinical tools
based on observation by
trained staffs who give a
subjective opinion.
Objective gait analysis
via motion capture
systems (e.g. Qualisys)
have limited availability
as they are laboratory
based and require
complex equipment.
[2]. “Foot Plantar
Pressure Measurement
System Based on Flexible
Force-Sensitive Sensor
and its Clinical
Application.”
Bochen li,Yi liu,weih
on,shengqiang xu.
16 december 2018 IEEE
international conference
a foot plantar pressure
measurement system
was developed based on
resistive sensor. It
consists of three self-
developed flexible force-
sensitive sensors,
hardware circuit and
software.
Name of the paper Authors Publication Content
10. Dept.of ECE,SJCIT 10
LITERATURE SURVEY
[3]. “A Compact
Wearable System for
Detection of Plantar
Pressure for Diabetic
Foot Prevention”
Zihang you,Adnan
zahid,Hadin
heidari,Muhammad imran
03 january 2019 IEEE
international conference .
This paper is aimed to
present a pair of wearable
shoe-pads with shoes to
detect the pressure and
the variation of plantar
pressure of human body
and provide the pressure
map with an alarm to the
patient.
Name of the paper Authors Publication Content
[4]. “IoT based
monitoring of foot
pressure using FSR
sensor”
Payal S. Malvade,Atul K.
Joshi ,Swati P. Madhe
08 february 2018 , IEEE
international conference.
Analysis foot plantar
pressure distribution is an
important factor
considered today in the
field of healthcare as well
as in sports world. Lower
body physical
rehabilitation therapies
are associated with sports
world.
12. HARDWARE COMPONENT
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 12
Resistive force sensor
Force is applied on the sensor per unit area
The current flowing in the coil is resisted.
The change in the electrical parameters due to the applied force is processed by the
microcontroller.
Same in the case with the force sensor working on the optical principle.
At the detector, the change in the intensity of light due to exerted pressure is decoded
by the microcontroller into useful information.
13. HARDWARE COMPONENT
13
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
Microcontroller –ATMEGA32
• ATmega32 Operates at Voltage 5V
• Input Voltage is 7-12V
• Digital I/O Pins 14 , 6 provide PWM output, Analog Input Pins are
6
• DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA, DC Current for 3.3V is Pin 50 Ma
• Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB is used by bootloader
• SRAM 2 KB
• EEPROM 1 KB
• Clock Speed 16 MHz
14. HARDWARE COMPONENT
14
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
BLUETOOTH - (HC-05)
HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is used for wireless
communication.
It has a range of about <100m.
It uses frequency hoping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio
technology to send data over air.
It uses serial communication to communicate with devices.
15. HARDWARE COMPONENT
15
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
LED
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light
when an electric current flows through it.
When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with holes
emitting light in the process.
LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction and blocks the
current in the reverse direction.
Light-emitting diodes are heavily doped p-n junctions.
16. HARDWARE COMPONENT
16
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
BUZZER
Buzzers are electric sounding devices that generate sounds.
Typically powered by DC voltage, they can be categorised as Piezo
buzzer and magnetic buzzer.
They come in different designs and uses as well, and based on that, they
can produce different sounds.
17. HARDWARE COMPONENT
17
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT
RESISTOR
A passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either
limiting or regulating the flow of electric current in electrical circuits.
The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current flow and to lower the
voltage in any particular portion of the circuit.
It is made of copper wires which are coiled around a ceramic rod and the
outer part of the resistor is coated with an insulating paint.
The SI unit of resistor is Ohm.
18. APPLICATIONS
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 18
Diagnosing lower limb and foot problems: Lower limb
edema is a common and challenging diagnostic problem often
with a significant impact. Recent work has demonstrated that
chronic edema negatively impacts physical and psychological
health and reduces quality of life.
Footwear design: Medical insoles and orthopedic shoes are
responsible for reducing the force exerted by the ground to the
plantar region of the feet. This combination is designed to
develop a suitable distribution of stress and strain in the plantar
region.
Medical tool development.
19. ADVANTAGES
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 19
Temperature sensitive: The human foot is a multifunctional system
that serves as the primary physical interaction between the body and
the environment during gait.
Easy to use: The usage of shoe is very easy and easy to implement.
Low power consumption: the power usage is low, which is long
duration usage.
Improves muscle weakness
20. PROJECT MODEL
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 20
Front view of the model Side view of the model
Figure shows the implantation of rectangular and circular force sensors.
21. PROJECT MODEL CIRCUIT
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 21
Figure shows connections made between microcontroller atmega32 with other components.
Red light indicates the buzzer which shows the excess pressure on the shoe.
22. MOBILE APPLICATION
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 22
Figure shows the readings of foot bottom in Newton/metersquare v/s time is plotted for
different pressure points for the foot bottom.
23. CONCLUSION
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 23
In this system, the insole shoe gives the pressure variation for the patient
affected by foot abnormalities, fractures etc. This plantar pressure measurement
identifies whether a person is having foot abnormalities or not that will prevent
the patient from getting disease. In the system design prevention is taken by the
proposed system. The result shows that such a device is reliable and measures
the foot pressure distribution to detect abnormalities. Also the size of sensor is
very small which is easily mounted on the in-sole. The system is having limited
cabling and it is safe to use for the patient.
24. REFERENCES
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT 24
1. Reza Anway, Damla Arifoglu, Michael jones, Michael vassallo, Insole based Real time Gait
Analysis: Feature Extraction and classification, IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors
and Systems (INERTIAL), March 2021, pp 1-4.
2. Zihanf you, Adnan zahid, Hadin heidari, Muhammad Imran, A Compact wearable system for
detection of plantar pressure for diabatic Foot prevention, IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on
Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PrimeAsia), January 2019, pp 64-67.
3. Bochen Li, Yi Liu, Weihao Li, Shengqiang Xu, Xianjun Yang, Yining Sun, Foot Plantar Pressure
Measurement System Based on Flexible Force-Sensitive Sensor and its Clinical Application, IEEE
3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC),
December 2018, pp 1998-2002.
4. Sakshi Sethi, Foot Pressure Mapping System Using Strain Gauge Pressure Sensors, Journal of
Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Vol 09, Issue 05, May 2019, pp 2930-
2932.
5. Wenchao Li, Wenqian Lu, Xiaopeng Sha, Hualin Xing, Jiazhi Lou, Hui Sun, Yuliang Zhao, Wearable
Gait Recognition Systems Based on MEMS Pressure and Inertial Sensors: A Review, IEEE Sensors
Journal, Vol 22, Issue 02, January 2022, pp 1092-1104.
6. A.S. Alharthi, A.J. Casson and K.B. Ozanyan, Gait spatiotemporal signal analysis for Parkinson’s
disease detection and severity rating, IEEE Sensors, Vol 21, Issue 2, January 2021, pp 1838-1848.
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