Martha Rogers Theory.pptx

1
Martha Roger’s Theory
(May 12/1914-March
13/1994)
Ms. Jyoti Chand
MSc Nursing

Introduction
• The belief of coexistence of human and the environment has greatly
influenced the process of change towards better health. A patient can’t be
separated from his environment when addressing health and treatment. This
view lead and opened Martha E Rogers theory known as the Science of
Unitary Human being.
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About the theorist
• Born : May 12, 1914 in Dallas, Texas
• Diploma: Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing(1936)
• Graduation: In Public Health from George Peabody College
• MA: Teachers College, Columbia university, New York (1945)
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Cont…
• MPH: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore(1952)
• PhD in Nursing: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore(1954)
• Death: March 13,1994
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Publications of Martha Rogers
Theoretical basis of Nursing (Rogers, 1970)
Nursing science and art: A prospective (Rogers, 1988)
Nursing: Science of unitary, irreducible, human beings update (Rogers, 1990)
Vision of space- based nursing (Rogers, 1990)
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Rogers’ Nursing Theory
• Nursing is both science and art.
• Nursing long established the concern with people and the world they live in.
• Irreducible nature of individuals different from sum of the parts
• The purpose of nurse is to promote health and well- being for all the
persons wherever they are.
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• Human being is considered as a united whole.
WHOLENESS
• A person and his environment are continuously
exchanging matter and energy with each other.
OPENNESS
• Life process of human being evolves irreversibly
and unidirectional.
UNIDIRECTIONALITY
• Pattern identifies individuals and reflects their
innovative wholeness
PATTERN AND
ORGANISATION
• Humans are the only organisms able to think,
imagine, have language and emotions
SENSATION AND
THOUGHT
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Concepts of Rogers’ Model
Energy field
Openness
Pattern
Pan dimensionality
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Energy field
• “The fundamental unit of the living and the non living”.
• Energy signifies the dynamic nature of field; field is in continuous motion
and is infinite.
• Both humans and their environment are conceptualized as energy fields in
the system.
• Because both are infinite, their boundaries do not end at physical world.
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Openness
• The human being and the environment are constantly exchanging their
energy. There are no boundaries or barriers that inhibit energy flow between
fields.
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Pattern
• Pattern is defined as distinguishing characteristic of energy field
perceived as a single wave. Pattern is an abstraction and gives identity to the
field
• Each human being has a unique identifiable pattern. The nature of
pattern changes continuously, innovatively and these changes give identity to
the energy field.
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Pan dimensionality
• It is defined as non linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes.
• It refers to an infinite domain without limits; making it possible to perceive
reality beyond three dimensions.
• Human and environmental energy fields are pan dimensional.
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Principles of Homeodynamics
1. Integrality
2. Resonance
3. Helicy
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Integrality
• The principle of integrality is defined as continuous mutual human field and
environmental field process.
• there is an ongoing mutual process between human being and the
environment.
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Resonance
• The principle of resonancy is defined as the continuous change from lower to
higher frequency wave pattern in human and environmental fields.
• Human beings are perceived as wave patterns, and a variety of life patterns
can be likened to wave patterns.
• These include things such as sleep- wake rhythms, hormone levels and
fluctuating emotional states.
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Helicy
• Helicy describes the unpredictable, but continuous, non- linear evolution of
energy fields as evidenced by nonrepeating rhythmicities
• Human development is not static, and humans do not ever return to exactly
the same place where they were before. Unitary persons do not ever go
backward in their development.
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Metaparadigms
18
Person
Environment
Health
Nursing

Person (unitary human being)
• A unitary human being is an irreducible, indivisible, pandimensional energy
field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics that are specific to
the whole and which cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts and a
unified whole having its own distinctive characteristics which cannot be
perceived by looking at, describing or, summarizing the parts.
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Environment
The environment is an irreducible, pandimensional energy field identified by
pattern and integral with the human field. The fields coexist and are integral.
Manifestations emerge from this field and are perceived.
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Health
• Rogers defined health as an expression of the life process. It is the
characteristics and behavior coming from the mutual, simultaneous
interaction of the human and environment fields, and health and illness are
part of the same continuum. The multiple events occurring during the life
process show the extent to which a person is achieving his or her maximum
health potential.
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Nursing
Two dimensions; independent science of nursing
• An organised body of knowledge which is specific to nursing is arrived at by
scientific research and logical analysis
• Art of nursing practice:
The creative use of science for the betterment of the human
The creative use of its knowledge is the art of its practice.
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Relationship of principles of homeodynamics to the nursing process
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Components of nursing
process
Integrality Resonancy Helicy
Nursing Assessment Look at the interaction of
individual and environment-
how they work together
Look at the variation
occurring during life process
of whole human being
Look at rhythmic life patterns of
individual and environment. Look
at life goals.
Nursing Diagnosis Reflects integration of
individual and environmental
fields
Reflects the variations in the
life process of whole
individual
Reflects rhythmic life patterns of
individual and environment
Implementation Intervenes in environment and
individual
Support or modify variations
in the life process of whole
individual
Support or modify life goals.
Accept differences as an expression
of evolutionary emergence
Evaluation Evaluate changes in
integration that have occurred
Evaluate modification made in
variation of life process
Evaluate goal directedness.
Evaluate relationship of goal to
whole individual
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Example in Nursing Care Plan
• Maria 22 yrs old female is admitted in psychiatric hospital with
severe depression secondary to diagnosis of ovarian malignancy.
She became tearful while history taking. Accompanied by her
husband and 1 yr old child. Maria was diagnosed and underwent
surgery for ovarian cancer 2 months ago. From past three weeks
she started sitting alone, decreased talking, decreased sleep,
neglecting her child and attempted suicide.
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27
Components of
Nursing Process
Integrality Resonancy Helicy
Nursing Assessment • How does Maria see her
environment?
• What kind of differences
are there between
hospital and her home?
• How is she reacting to
changes in her
environment?
• How does her health
problem and environment
affect each other?
• What is Maria's past
history?
• What kind of deviations
are there?
• Were these deviations
individually or
environmentally related?
• What is the reason for
hospitalisation?
• How will this affect her
life?
• What are Maria's normal
behaviour patterns and
routine?
• Were the behaviour or
routines undergoing a
change prior to her
admission?
• What kind of activities she
can perform?
• What are her past
experiences?
• What is her developmental
level?
• Will the hospital
environment support or
retard developmental
progress?
• what are her goals?

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Nursing Diagnosis What is nature of interaction
between Maria and the
hospital?
What is the interference this
hospitalization will make in
Maria's life?
What are the rhythmic
patterns that are being
exhibited?
Implementation
Nursing Evaluation
•How can hospital
environment be modified to
reduce the differences
identified?
•How can her health potential
be improved by manipulating
the environment?
Has Maria’s behavior changed
as a result of environmental
modification?
What kind of new reactions
are now taking place?
•How can Maria’s normal
development be promoted?
•How can the effect of
interference be minimized?
•Is Maria developing normally,
based on theory?
•Have the interference with
development been minimized
How can Maria’s normal
behavior pattern and routine
be promoted in the hospital?
•What kind of rhythmic re
patterning taken place?
•Is Maria’s development being
supported?

Martha Rogers Theory.pptx

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