The Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940 during the annual meeting of the All-India Muslim League. It called for independent states for Muslims in India's northwest and eastern zones. This was an important milestone as it set the goal of creating Pakistan, united Indian Muslims behind the Muslim League, and elevated Muhammad Ali Jinnah as an international leader representing Muslims. The resolution faced opposition from the Indian National Congress but gained widespread support from Muslims.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution that was passed in Lahore in 1940. It provides background information on the key leaders involved, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The main reasons for passing the resolution were the Two Nation Theory, the need for Muslims to have political and economic safeguards, and the disappointment with Congress rule from 1937-1939. The resolution called for autonomous Muslim states in northwest and eastern regions where Muslims were a majority. Its passage united Muslims behind the goal of demanding a separate homeland and gave momentum to the Pakistan movement. It faced opposition from Congress and Hindus who saw it as a threat to a united India.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 which was passed during the annual session of the All India Muslim League in Lahore. It established the Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The resolution was drafted by a committee and presented to the working committee on March 23, 1940, where it was unanimously adopted the following day. The resolution set goals of demarcating contiguous Muslim-majority regions and providing safeguards for religious minorities. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's presidential address emphasized that Muslims were a separate nation distinct from others in British India. The resolution was a milestone in defining the political objectives of Muslims in their independence struggle.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plansaifkhankakar
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
Pakistan has emerged as one of history's altitudes commanding a vast field of vision stretching back and forward. The victor could reconcile as little to their existence as could they to the changed order
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and was advancing through Southeast Asia towards India. To gain India's cooperation in fighting Japan, Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India in March 1942 with a proposal that offered India dominion status after the war like Canada and Australia, a constituent assembly to finalize the constitution, and allowing princely states to join India or remain independent. However, the proposal was rejected because it did not give a time limit for dominion status, allowed provinces to separate from India, and nominated representatives from princely states rather than electing them. Gandhi criticized it as a "post-dated check on a failing bank" and the Muslim League rejected it for not clearly stating partition and a Muslim state.
The Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940 during the annual meeting of the All-India Muslim League. It called for independent states for Muslims in India's northwest and eastern zones. This was an important milestone as it set the goal of creating Pakistan, united Indian Muslims behind the Muslim League, and elevated Muhammad Ali Jinnah as an international leader representing Muslims. The resolution faced opposition from the Indian National Congress but gained widespread support from Muslims.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution that was passed in Lahore in 1940. It provides background information on the key leaders involved, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The main reasons for passing the resolution were the Two Nation Theory, the need for Muslims to have political and economic safeguards, and the disappointment with Congress rule from 1937-1939. The resolution called for autonomous Muslim states in northwest and eastern regions where Muslims were a majority. Its passage united Muslims behind the goal of demanding a separate homeland and gave momentum to the Pakistan movement. It faced opposition from Congress and Hindus who saw it as a threat to a united India.
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 which was passed during the annual session of the All India Muslim League in Lahore. It established the Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The resolution was drafted by a committee and presented to the working committee on March 23, 1940, where it was unanimously adopted the following day. The resolution set goals of demarcating contiguous Muslim-majority regions and providing safeguards for religious minorities. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's presidential address emphasized that Muslims were a separate nation distinct from others in British India. The resolution was a milestone in defining the political objectives of Muslims in their independence struggle.
Formation of interim government and 3rd june plansaifkhankakar
1) The document discusses the Cabinet Mission Plan and the negotiations between the Muslim League and Congress Party over forming an interim government for India.
2) It outlines the different formulas proposed for allocating seats in the interim government and how the parties rejected various proposals.
3) Lord Mountbatten was appointed the new Viceroy and tasked with transferring power; he announced the final partition plan on June 3rd, 1947 which established two independent states of India and Pakistan.
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
Pakistan has emerged as one of history's altitudes commanding a vast field of vision stretching back and forward. The victor could reconcile as little to their existence as could they to the changed order
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and was advancing through Southeast Asia towards India. To gain India's cooperation in fighting Japan, Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India in March 1942 with a proposal that offered India dominion status after the war like Canada and Australia, a constituent assembly to finalize the constitution, and allowing princely states to join India or remain independent. However, the proposal was rejected because it did not give a time limit for dominion status, allowed provinces to separate from India, and nominated representatives from princely states rather than electing them. Gandhi criticized it as a "post-dated check on a failing bank" and the Muslim League rejected it for not clearly stating partition and a Muslim state.
- Pakistan is located between 24.5-36.75°N and 61-75.5°E, bordering Afghanistan, Iran, China, and India. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea.
- Pakistan plays an important geopolitical role due to its central location between Africa and Asia, acting as a check on Russian expansionism and furthering unity among Muslim countries. It also has strategic importance due to its proximity to Middle Eastern oil resources.
- Pakistan supports Arab countries against Israeli aggression and helps balance Indian power in South Asia. It is also a frontline state in the global war on terrorism.
In his 1930 Allahabad Address, Sir Muhammad Iqbal outlined his vision for an independent Muslim state in Northwestern India, becoming the first politician to articulate the two-nation theory of distinct Muslim and Hindu political identities deserving self-governance. Iqbal called for "a Muslim India within India" and a consolidated Muslim state for the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan. He feared Islam may face a decline like Christianity without its own state. Iqbal argued territorial adjustments and a separate federation of Muslim provinces would allow Muslims to develop according to their own culture and serve the global Muslim community (Ummah).
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 divided the province along religious lines into West Bengal (with a Hindu majority) and East Bengal (with a Muslim majority). This was done by the British to weaken the Bengali nationalist movement and implement a policy of divide and rule. It sparked widespread protests through boycott and non-cooperation movements. While the British reacted with arrests and force, the movement united Hindus and Muslims and gave strength to the growing Indian independence movement despite eventually losing momentum due to splits.
The document outlines the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Muslims and Hindus in British India constituted two distinct nations based on religious, cultural, economic, and political differences. It discusses the key differences between Hindus and Muslims in these areas, and how Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for the theory. The document states that these leaders ultimately succeeded in achieving their goal of an independent Muslim state with the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
Factors Leading to Muslim Separatism in the Sub-continent.pptxrayanbabur
The document outlines 15 factors that led to Muslim separatism and the desire for Pakistan in the Indian subcontinent: 1) The evolution of the Two-Nation Theory due to religious and ideological differences between Hindus and Muslims, 2) Cultural differences such as burial practices, 3) Social differences in food, clothing, and language, 4) Economic policies that disadvantaged Muslims, 5) Educational differences, 6) Political differences, 7) The British invasion of India and support of Hindus over Muslims, 8) The desire to establish an Islamic state, 9) The Urdu-Hindi controversy, 10) Hindu nationalism and militant organizations, 11) Congress rule from 1937-1939 that imposed Hindu culture, and 12) British economic, revenue
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
Cabinet mission plan and simla conferencesaifkhankakar
The document summarizes the Cabinet Mission that was sent to India in 1946 to discuss Indian independence and constitution. The Mission held talks from April to May with political leaders like Jinnah, Gandhi, and Azad. Jinnah demanded a separate Pakistan, while Congress supported a united India. The Mission proposed a three-tier federal structure with provinces grouped by religion. This was initially accepted but then rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League. The talks ultimately failed to achieve an agreement.
General Yahya Khan imposed martial law in Pakistan and refused to give autonomy to East Pakistan as promised by the Awami League after they won a majority of seats in the 1970 election. This led to war breaking out between Pakistan and India, which supported Bengali independence. Due to geographical, social, linguistic, and political differences, East Pakistan separated from West Pakistan on December 16, 1971 to become the independent country of Bangladesh.
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in the Indian subcontinent, which ultimately resulted in the creation of Pakistan. It discusses 12 reasons for the demand, including the desire to establish an Islamic state, the two-nation theory, historical differences between Hindus and Muslims, economic hardships faced by Muslims, and the narrow-mindedness of Hindus. It also outlines the history of the Pakistan movement, from the efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to establish modern education for Muslims and his promotion of the two-nation theory, to the eventual passing of the 1940 Pakistan Resolution demanding independent states for Muslims in India.
This document provides background information on the disintegration of Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh. It discusses the post-partition difficulties Pakistan faced, the political situation in 1947, and the various constitutional drafts proposed between 1950-1956 that created tensions between East and West Pakistan over representation. It also outlines Mujibur Rahman's six points, the role of the Awami League, events during the eras of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, Operation Searchlight in 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the key causes of the separation including language controversies, economic disparity, the dominance of the West Pakistani ruling elite, and Indian support for Bangladeshi independence.
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for independent Muslim states in the northwest and eastern regions of British India where Muslims were in the majority. It asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations and should not be united in a single state. The resolution passed unanimously and marked a turning point where the Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim state rather than just separate electorates. It boosted Muslim nationalism and unity. The 1945 elections saw the Muslim League win most Muslim seats, validating its claim to represent Muslims. This set the stage for the eventual establishment of Pakistan after further negotiations failed to resolve the political deadlock between Congress and the League.
The Two Nation theory of Quaid e Azam & Allama IqbalAbdulAzizSapra
This includes information about two nation theory and it's pioneers.
Like Quaid e Azam, Allama IQbal , Sir Syed Ahmad khan, and Al Beruni.
By the way my university group name was The Doctors
The document discusses the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims in British India constituted two distinct nations based on cultural, political, religious, economic and social differences. It outlines these differences between Hindus and Muslims in areas like religion, culture, social practices, education, economics, and politics. Prominent Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Allama Iqbal supported the Two Nation Theory and advocated for the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims in India where they could practice Islam freely.
Ideology of Pakistan in the light of Speechs of Mr. Jinnah & Mr. IqbaalFida Hussain Solangi
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan according to its founding leaders Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muhammad Iqbal. It provides quotes from their speeches emphasizing that:
1) Islam was an important nation-building force in the creation of Pakistan and the ideology promises its citizens can live according to Islamic principles.
2) They emphasized the need for territorial lands where Muslims could govern themselves and experiment with an Islamic system, not just a piece of land.
3) Jinnah also stressed the importance of democratic systems, social justice, equality, and fundamental human rights according to Islamic teachings.
4) Iqbal supported the idea of amalgamating Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and Baluchistan
Pakistan Resolution 1940 -History of PakistanAqib Syed
Pakistan Resolution 1940 -History of Pakistan
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7"
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an 19th century Indian scholar and reformer who founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University. He started the Aligarh Movement to encourage modern education among Indian Muslims and improve relations between the British administration and Muslims after the 1857 rebellion. The movement established several schools and colleges, including the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1877, and played a significant role in the intellectual and educational development of Indian Muslims.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design presentations.
This document outlines the ideology of Pakistan. It defines ideology as a set of beliefs and ideas that guide a group or nation. The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islam and the two-nation theory, which states that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations that cannot coexist within a single state. The document traces the development of the ideology, from figures like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who advocated for a separate Muslim homeland due to social, cultural and religious differences between Hindus and Muslims.
The document discusses the Pakistan Movement which aimed to create Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims in British India. It outlines the two-nation theory that Muslims and Hindus constitute two distinct nations. Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in leading the movement and advocating for a separate Muslim state through his political career and the Lahore Resolution. Ultimately, Pakistan was established in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims in the eastern and western regions of British India where they were the religious majority.
- Pakistan is located between 24.5-36.75°N and 61-75.5°E, bordering Afghanistan, Iran, China, and India. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea.
- Pakistan plays an important geopolitical role due to its central location between Africa and Asia, acting as a check on Russian expansionism and furthering unity among Muslim countries. It also has strategic importance due to its proximity to Middle Eastern oil resources.
- Pakistan supports Arab countries against Israeli aggression and helps balance Indian power in South Asia. It is also a frontline state in the global war on terrorism.
In his 1930 Allahabad Address, Sir Muhammad Iqbal outlined his vision for an independent Muslim state in Northwestern India, becoming the first politician to articulate the two-nation theory of distinct Muslim and Hindu political identities deserving self-governance. Iqbal called for "a Muslim India within India" and a consolidated Muslim state for the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan. He feared Islam may face a decline like Christianity without its own state. Iqbal argued territorial adjustments and a separate federation of Muslim provinces would allow Muslims to develop according to their own culture and serve the global Muslim community (Ummah).
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 divided the province along religious lines into West Bengal (with a Hindu majority) and East Bengal (with a Muslim majority). This was done by the British to weaken the Bengali nationalist movement and implement a policy of divide and rule. It sparked widespread protests through boycott and non-cooperation movements. While the British reacted with arrests and force, the movement united Hindus and Muslims and gave strength to the growing Indian independence movement despite eventually losing momentum due to splits.
The document outlines the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Muslims and Hindus in British India constituted two distinct nations based on religious, cultural, economic, and political differences. It discusses the key differences between Hindus and Muslims in these areas, and how Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for the theory. The document states that these leaders ultimately succeeded in achieving their goal of an independent Muslim state with the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
Factors Leading to Muslim Separatism in the Sub-continent.pptxrayanbabur
The document outlines 15 factors that led to Muslim separatism and the desire for Pakistan in the Indian subcontinent: 1) The evolution of the Two-Nation Theory due to religious and ideological differences between Hindus and Muslims, 2) Cultural differences such as burial practices, 3) Social differences in food, clothing, and language, 4) Economic policies that disadvantaged Muslims, 5) Educational differences, 6) Political differences, 7) The British invasion of India and support of Hindus over Muslims, 8) The desire to establish an Islamic state, 9) The Urdu-Hindi controversy, 10) Hindu nationalism and militant organizations, 11) Congress rule from 1937-1939 that imposed Hindu culture, and 12) British economic, revenue
The document summarizes the key events of the Pakistan movement from 1940 to 1947, including the Lahore Resolution of 1940, the Cripps Mission of 1942, the Quit India Movement of 1942, the Gandhi-Jinnah talks of 1944, the Wavell Plan and Simla Conference of 1945, elections from 1945-1946, the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, the June 3rd Plan of 1947, the Radcliffe Award boundary demarcation, and finally the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which partitioned British India and led to the independence of Pakistan and India.
Cabinet mission plan and simla conferencesaifkhankakar
The document summarizes the Cabinet Mission that was sent to India in 1946 to discuss Indian independence and constitution. The Mission held talks from April to May with political leaders like Jinnah, Gandhi, and Azad. Jinnah demanded a separate Pakistan, while Congress supported a united India. The Mission proposed a three-tier federal structure with provinces grouped by religion. This was initially accepted but then rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League. The talks ultimately failed to achieve an agreement.
General Yahya Khan imposed martial law in Pakistan and refused to give autonomy to East Pakistan as promised by the Awami League after they won a majority of seats in the 1970 election. This led to war breaking out between Pakistan and India, which supported Bengali independence. Due to geographical, social, linguistic, and political differences, East Pakistan separated from West Pakistan on December 16, 1971 to become the independent country of Bangladesh.
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the demand for a separate Muslim homeland in the Indian subcontinent, which ultimately resulted in the creation of Pakistan. It discusses 12 reasons for the demand, including the desire to establish an Islamic state, the two-nation theory, historical differences between Hindus and Muslims, economic hardships faced by Muslims, and the narrow-mindedness of Hindus. It also outlines the history of the Pakistan movement, from the efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to establish modern education for Muslims and his promotion of the two-nation theory, to the eventual passing of the 1940 Pakistan Resolution demanding independent states for Muslims in India.
This document provides background information on the disintegration of Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh. It discusses the post-partition difficulties Pakistan faced, the political situation in 1947, and the various constitutional drafts proposed between 1950-1956 that created tensions between East and West Pakistan over representation. It also outlines Mujibur Rahman's six points, the role of the Awami League, events during the eras of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, Operation Searchlight in 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the key causes of the separation including language controversies, economic disparity, the dominance of the West Pakistani ruling elite, and Indian support for Bangladeshi independence.
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for independent Muslim states in the northwest and eastern regions of British India where Muslims were in the majority. It asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations and should not be united in a single state. The resolution passed unanimously and marked a turning point where the Muslim League demanded a separate Muslim state rather than just separate electorates. It boosted Muslim nationalism and unity. The 1945 elections saw the Muslim League win most Muslim seats, validating its claim to represent Muslims. This set the stage for the eventual establishment of Pakistan after further negotiations failed to resolve the political deadlock between Congress and the League.
The Two Nation theory of Quaid e Azam & Allama IqbalAbdulAzizSapra
This includes information about two nation theory and it's pioneers.
Like Quaid e Azam, Allama IQbal , Sir Syed Ahmad khan, and Al Beruni.
By the way my university group name was The Doctors
The document discusses the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims in British India constituted two distinct nations based on cultural, political, religious, economic and social differences. It outlines these differences between Hindus and Muslims in areas like religion, culture, social practices, education, economics, and politics. Prominent Muslim leaders like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Allama Iqbal supported the Two Nation Theory and advocated for the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims in India where they could practice Islam freely.
Ideology of Pakistan in the light of Speechs of Mr. Jinnah & Mr. IqbaalFida Hussain Solangi
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan according to its founding leaders Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muhammad Iqbal. It provides quotes from their speeches emphasizing that:
1) Islam was an important nation-building force in the creation of Pakistan and the ideology promises its citizens can live according to Islamic principles.
2) They emphasized the need for territorial lands where Muslims could govern themselves and experiment with an Islamic system, not just a piece of land.
3) Jinnah also stressed the importance of democratic systems, social justice, equality, and fundamental human rights according to Islamic teachings.
4) Iqbal supported the idea of amalgamating Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and Baluchistan
Pakistan Resolution 1940 -History of PakistanAqib Syed
Pakistan Resolution 1940 -History of Pakistan
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7"
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an 19th century Indian scholar and reformer who founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University. He started the Aligarh Movement to encourage modern education among Indian Muslims and improve relations between the British administration and Muslims after the 1857 rebellion. The movement established several schools and colleges, including the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1877, and played a significant role in the intellectual and educational development of Indian Muslims.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design presentations.
This document outlines the ideology of Pakistan. It defines ideology as a set of beliefs and ideas that guide a group or nation. The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islam and the two-nation theory, which states that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations that cannot coexist within a single state. The document traces the development of the ideology, from figures like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who advocated for a separate Muslim homeland due to social, cultural and religious differences between Hindus and Muslims.
The document discusses the Pakistan Movement which aimed to create Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims in British India. It outlines the two-nation theory that Muslims and Hindus constitute two distinct nations. Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in leading the movement and advocating for a separate Muslim state through his political career and the Lahore Resolution. Ultimately, Pakistan was established in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims in the eastern and western regions of British India where they were the religious majority.
This document provides an acknowledgment and summary of a course project report on India-Pakistan relations prepared by nine students. It thanks their professor for the opportunity and notes they tried to be unbiased. The three main sections discuss the reasons and results of the partition of India in 1947, including the two-nation theory and power politics involved. It also summarizes the major conflicts between India and Pakistan after independence, including disputes over irrigation water, Kashmir, and wars in 1965 and 1999.
The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islamic principles and the belief that Muslims in South Asia constitute a separate nation from Hindus. The two-nation theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct religious communities and should have separate homelands, formed the ideological basis for the creation of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims in 1947. Key figures like Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan advocated for a separate Muslim state where Islamic principles could be implemented.
The document discusses the reasons for the creation of Pakistan. It outlines the history of British rule in India and the formation of the Muslim League to represent Muslim interests. It describes the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the adoption of the Two Nation Theory, which stated that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations. Key events that strengthened the demand for an independent Muslim state included the Hindi-Urdu controversy, the Lucknow Pact of 1916, the Khilafat Movement, and the 1940 Lahore Resolution passed by the Muslim League. The document examines the role of the Two Nation Theory in the demand for Pakistan and discusses the ideology and objectives for the creation of an independent state for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent.
The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 at the annual Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dhaka to protect Muslim political interests in British India. Sir Muhammad Shafi proposed the name "All India Muslim League". Its objectives included securing political rights for Muslims, representing their needs to the government, and preventing growth of ill will between Muslims and other groups. The Muslim League went on to play a key role in the Pakistan Movement and the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state for Muslims in South Asia in 1947.
Quaid-i-Azam gave practical shape to the Ideology of Pakistan through his dedicated leadership. He successfully convinced Hindus and the British of the Two-Nation Theory by highlighting that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations who could not stay united. Over time, Quaid grew disappointed by the hypocrisy of the Indian National Congress and the failure to acknowledge Muslim rights and interests, culminating in the Nehru Report. He advocated for Pakistan as a separate homeland where Islamic principles could be established to protect Muslim economic, social and cultural interests.
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan. It begins by defining ideology and explaining that Islamic ideology is based on the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. It then discusses the four guiding principles of the Islamic way of life. Next, it examines the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations that could not stay united in one country. It provides context for the creation of Pakistan as an ideological state based on Islamic principles, where Muslims could live according to their faith. The document outlines the views of key figures like Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muhammad Iqbal who advocated for a separate Muslim homeland.
pakistanresolution-1940-140311235028-phpapp01-180517192527.pdfÅįjâž Ali
The document discusses the Pakistan Resolution passed by the Muslim League in 1940. Key points include:
- The resolution was presented at the Muslim League's annual session in Lahore and called for autonomous states for Muslim-majority northwest and eastern regions of India.
- It aimed to address Muslim political, economic, and cultural interests after the failure of the federal system and Congress rule to protect Muslim rights.
- The resolution offered Muslims a separate homeland and united them behind the Pakistan movement led by the Muslim League and Quaid-e-Azam Jinnah.
- It was passed unanimously but faced opposition from Congress and Hindu groups who saw it as a threat to a united India under Hindu leadership.
The Lahore Resolution (Urdu=Qarardad-e-Lahore قرارداد لاھور), commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution (Urdu=قرارداد پاکستان Qarardad-e-Pakistan)[1] was a political resolution, or statement drafted between 22nd to 24th March 1940, by the 25-member Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League, and then formally adopted by the Muslim League membership at its general session on 23 March 1940, held at Lahore.
ROLE OF QUAID-E- AZAM IN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT.pptxsaberbouzara
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in leading the Pakistan movement and establishing Pakistan as a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. As the leader of the All India Muslim League from 1913, he came to believe that Hindus and Muslims constituted two distinct nations and could not live together in an independent United India. His leadership led to the passing of the Lahore Resolution in 1940 which called for independent states for Muslims. Jinnah's negotiations and later rejection of proposals that did not support Muslim interests reinforced the demand for a separate Muslim state. He was subsequently recognized as the sole representative of India's Muslims and led the Muslim League to victory in the 1946 elections. Jinnah served as Pakistan's first governor general after independence
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in establishing Pakistan as a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. He led the Pakistan Movement from the early 1900s, first seeking to protect Muslim rights and representation within a united India. When it became clear that Hindus and Muslims could not live together in one nation, Jinnah championed the Two Nation Theory and demanded a separate Muslim state through his Fourteen Points and as president of the All India Muslim League. His leadership and political acumen helped achieve the historic creation of Pakistan in 1947.
The document summarizes the key points of Pakistan's constitutional history and the 1973 Constitution. It discusses the origins of the two-nation theory and how it was the basis for Pakistan's creation. It then provides details on the 1973 Constitution, including that it established Pakistan as a parliamentary democracy with the prime minister as head of government and president as ceremonial head of state. It also notes the constitution incorporates Islamic principles and created institutions to interpret Islamic law.
Partition of India & Patriotism of India Muslimsmdafsarali
The real truth of History. Partition of India was a planned political ploy of the rulling class /Caste to sustain power in the hands of minority albeit in the name of "democracy".
Introuction: The Representation of Religious Minorities in Pakistani Presskikampus
This document is a thesis that analyzes the representation of religious minorities in two major Pakistani newspapers, Daily Dawn and Daily Jang, over a three month period. It provides historical context on the treatment of religious minorities in Pakistan since its founding, including various discriminatory laws and constitutional amendments that have marginalized groups like Ahmadis, Christians, Hindus, and Zoroastrians. The thesis argues that as an important source of information, newspapers have a responsibility to give adequate and fair coverage to religious minority issues and communities in order to foster mutual understanding and respect between all citizens of Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of the ideology of Pakistan and the aims and objectives that led to its creation, as explained by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It discusses 14 key aims, including establishing an Islamic society, protecting Muslims from communal violence, allowing social and political development of Muslims, and establishing an Islamic state. It then examines how Jinnah explained the ideology of Pakistan, emphasizing that Pakistan was created to allow Muslims to live according to the teachings of Islam, that the Muslim nation originated from the first Muslim, and that Islam is the binding force between all Muslims. The ideology centered on implementing Islamic principles in governance and society while eliminating differences between ethnic groups.
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Lahore Resolution..
1. LAHORERESOLUTION/PAKISTAN
RESOLUTION...
INTRODUCTION:
On 23rd
March 1940, the famous resolution which came to be known as “Pakistan
Resolution” was moved and passed unanimously on 24th
March, 1940. The
resolution was moved by the Bengal Chief Minister Maulvi Fazal-ul-Haq, known
“Sher-e-Bengal” and seconded byChaudhary Khaliq-uz-Zaman and others. The
resolution stated that:
“No constitutional plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to
the Muslims unless it is designed on the following basic principles, namely
that the geographically contagious units demarcated into regions, which
should be so constituted with such territorial readjustments as may be
necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are in a majority as in the
North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute
independent states in which the constituents units shall be autonomous and
sovereign. Adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be
specifically provided in their religious, cultural, economic, political,
administrative and other rights.”
Background of the Resolution:
Ever since after the war of independence 1857, Muslim leaders like Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan, had begun to think that Muslim were a nation in the sub-continent
and they had only a few common interest with the Hindus. As far as the division of
was concerned, this too has been suggested long before the Lahore Resolution of
the Muslim league. John Brightened recommended that India should be divided
into a number of provinces. He said:
“You would teach the people of these presidencies to consider themselves,
as generation passed on as the subjects and people of that state. When the
2. power of England is withdrawnfrom India, then each of these states would
be able to sustain itself as a compact, as a self-governing community. You
would have five or six great states there, as you have five or six great states
in Europe.”
Allama Iqbal Address:
A clear conception was given by Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal in his presidential
address at the Allahabad sessionof the All-India Muslim League In December,
1930. He explained that:
“The Muslim demand for the creation of Muslim India within India is,
therefore, perfectly justified. The resolution of the All-Parties Muslim
conference at Delhi, is to my mind, wholly inspired by this noble idea of a
harmonious whole which instead of stifling the receptive individualities of
its component wholes, affords them chances of fully working out the
possibilities that may be latent in endorse the Muslim demands embodied
in it”
Quaid-e-Azam Address:
The Quaid in his two hours presidential address in English narrated the events that
took place in the pastfew months and concluded,
“Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies,
social customs and literature. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine
together, and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations that are
based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their concepts on life
and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive
their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different
epics, different heroes and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is
a foe of the other, and likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke
together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority
and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final
destructionof any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such
a state.”
3. During his speech the Quaid quoted the letter written by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1924 to
C.R. Das in which he clearly mentioned that the Hindus and the Muslims were two
separate and distict nationas which could never be merged into a single nation.
When Malik Barkat Ali claimed that Lala Lajpat Rai was a “Nationalist Hindu
leader”, Quaid responded, “No Hindu can be a nationalist. Every Hindu is a Hindu
first and last.”
Name of Pakistan:
Mr. Rehmat Ali and his colleague did valuable spadework by publishing and
widely circulating literature to expound and popularize the idea of Pakistan. About
the word ‘Pakistan’ Mr. Rehmat Ali wrote later.
“Pakistan is both a Persian and an Urdu word. It is composed of letters,
taken from the names of all our homelands---‘India’ and ‘Asian’. That is
Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Iran, Sindh, Tukharistan, Afghanistan and
Balochistan. It means the land of Paks the spiritually Pure and Clear.”
The Importance of Lahore Resolution:
The All India Muslim League Resolution of March 1940, commonly known as the
Pakistan Resolution, is undoubtedly the most important event that changed the
courseof Indian history and left deep marks on the world history. With the passage
of this Resolution, the Muslims of the sub-continent changed their demand from
“Separate Electorates” to a “Separate State.” This Resolution rejected the idea of a
United India and the creation of an independent Muslim state was set as their
ultimate goal. It gave new energy and courage to the Muslims of the region who
gathered around Quaid-e-Azam from the platform of the Muslim League to
struggle for their freedom. The dynamic leadership of the Quaid and the
commitment and devotion of the followers made it possible for them to achieve an
independent state within seven years of their struggle, and that too when the odds
were against them.
The British also realized that Muslims and Hindus are both separate nation.
Therefore any cooperation between them could not be developed. The Muslim
community now looked more determined for their new state and they realized the
rights.
4. Controversies:
The name Pakistan was not used in the resolution and the official name of the
resolution was Lahore Resolution. It was the Hindu newspapers including Partap,
Bande Matram, Milap, Tribune etc., who ironically coined the name Pakistan
Resolution. However, the idea was appreciated by the Muslim masses and the
Resolution is more known as Pakistan Resolution. Secondly, the Government and
people of Pakistan wrongly celebrate March 23 as a national day in Pakistan. The
actual day when the resolution was passed was March 24. It was only presented on
March 23. Lastly, it the word “states” and not “state” was mentioned in the
Resolution. A Resolution passed at the 1941 Madras session of the League stated,
“Everyone should clearly understand that we are striving for one independent
and sovereign Muslim State.” In all the speeches that Quaid delivered, he also
used the word “an independent homeland” or “an independent Muslim state”
Hindu Reaction:
The Hindu reaction was, of course, quick, bitter and malicious. They called the
“Pakistan” demand “anti-national.” They characterized it as “vivisection; above all,
they denounced it as imperialist – inspired to obstructIndia’s march to freedom.” In
denouncing the demand outright, they, however, missed the central fact ofthe Indian
political situation; the astonishingly tremendous response of the Pakistan demand
had elicited from the Muslim masses. They also failed to take cognizance of the fact
that a hundred million Muslims were now supremely conscious of their distinct
nationhood and were prepared to stake everything to actualize their self-perceived
destiny – the creation of an independent Muslim state in the sub-continent.
British Reaction:
The British were equally hostile to the Muslim demand for at least two important
reasons. First, they had long considered themselves as the architects of the unity of
India and of an Indian nation. Second, they had long regarded the super-imposed
unity under tax Britannica as their greatest achievement and lasting contribution in
history. And the Pakistan demand threatened to undo these presumed achievements
5. on which the British had long prided. However, despite the Hindu denunciation and
the British alarm, the course of Muslim, indeed Indian, politics was from now on
firmly set towards Pakistan.
Conclusion:
The All India Muslim League Resolution of March 1940, commonly known as the
Pakistan Resolution, is undoubtedly the most important event that changed the
course of Indian history and left deep marks on the world history. With the passage
of this Resolution, the Muslims of the sub-continent changed their demand from
“Separate Electorates” to a “Separate State.” This Resolution rejected the idea of a
United India and the creation of an independent Muslim state was set as their
ultimate goal. It gave new energy and courage to the Muslims of the region who
gathered around Quaid-e-Azam from the platform ofthe Muslim League to struggle
for their freedom. The dynamic leadership of the Quaid and the commitment and
devotion of the followers made it possible for them to achieve an independent state
within seven years of their struggle, and that too when the odds were against them.
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