This document discusses the concepts of One Health and the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It outlines how increased human population, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and encroachment into wildlife habitats have contributed to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Over 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic, with 71.8% originating from wildlife. The document then examines the historical foundations of comparative medicine and the development of veterinary science and its role in public health. It discusses how the One Health approach aims to address modern problems through cross-sectoral collaboration between medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals.
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
One Health approaches: Genesis, implementation and best practicesILRI
The document discusses One Health approaches and their implementation. It provides the following key points:
1. One Health aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for humans, animals and the environment through cross-sectoral collaboration. It addresses challenges like zoonotic diseases which affect both human and animal health.
2. Implementing One Health in practice involves mapping disease burdens, ensuring food safety, and understanding barriers and enablers. The "unlucky 13" zoonoses cause billions of cases and millions of deaths annually.
3. There are significant economic benefits to controlling zoonotic diseases through a One Health approach compared to working in isolation. An estimated $137 billion in annual benefits could be gained from a
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
The One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are interconnected. It aims to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. Key agencies like FAO, OIE, and WHO have developed strategic frameworks to foster cooperation between sectors. Case studies demonstrate how delayed or lack of coordination between human and animal health sectors increased costs and impacted control of diseases like Nipah virus. Antimicrobial resistance is another issue that requires a One Health approach.
One-Health encompasses the interconnection between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. It recognizes that the health of each component is dependent on the others. The emergence of concepts like antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic diseases demonstrate this interdependence. Universities around the world, including over two dozen globally, offer courses in One Health at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels. These courses aim to assess public health threats by researching disease transmission among living things and their environments. The goal is to provide a foundation for understanding diseases in the context of sustainable systems and global health. Tools used include surveillance, epidemiology, and analysis of large electronic health datasets. However, One Health is still poorly implemented and understood in
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
One Health approaches: Genesis, implementation and best practicesILRI
The document discusses One Health approaches and their implementation. It provides the following key points:
1. One Health aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for humans, animals and the environment through cross-sectoral collaboration. It addresses challenges like zoonotic diseases which affect both human and animal health.
2. Implementing One Health in practice involves mapping disease burdens, ensuring food safety, and understanding barriers and enablers. The "unlucky 13" zoonoses cause billions of cases and millions of deaths annually.
3. There are significant economic benefits to controlling zoonotic diseases through a One Health approach compared to working in isolation. An estimated $137 billion in annual benefits could be gained from a
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
The One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are interconnected. It aims to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. Key agencies like FAO, OIE, and WHO have developed strategic frameworks to foster cooperation between sectors. Case studies demonstrate how delayed or lack of coordination between human and animal health sectors increased costs and impacted control of diseases like Nipah virus. Antimicrobial resistance is another issue that requires a One Health approach.
One-Health encompasses the interconnection between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. It recognizes that the health of each component is dependent on the others. The emergence of concepts like antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic diseases demonstrate this interdependence. Universities around the world, including over two dozen globally, offer courses in One Health at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels. These courses aim to assess public health threats by researching disease transmission among living things and their environments. The goal is to provide a foundation for understanding diseases in the context of sustainable systems and global health. Tools used include surveillance, epidemiology, and analysis of large electronic health datasets. However, One Health is still poorly implemented and understood in
This document discusses the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It notes that zoonotic diseases pose a large disease burden, especially in developing countries, and factors like human encroachment on wildlife habitats, intensive farming, and increased travel and trade have contributed to the emergence and spread of diseases. The One Health approach aims to promote cross-sectoral collaboration between medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals to achieve optimal health outcomes. Key organizations promoting One Health include WHO, FAO, OIE, and CDC. While India has started some One Health initiatives, more coordination is still needed between its medical and veterinary colleges to address zoonotic threats.
Antibiotic resistance is a complex public health issue that requires a One Health approach. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and the environment has contributed to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A holistic, multisectoral response is needed that promotes prudent antibiotic use and prevents infection across human, animal, agricultural, and environmental domains.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
The One Health approach aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. It recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected. The concept originated in the 19th century from physicians who studied links between human and animal diseases. Today, a One Health approach is particularly relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and antibiotic resistance, which require cross-sector solutions. No single group can prevent problems that arise at the human-animal-environment interface. Implementing One Health requires cooperation among professionals in public health, animal health, and related fields across local to global levels.
1) The document discusses several zoonotic diseases including West Nile virus, rabies, and brucellosis. It describes the pathogens, transmission cycles between animals and humans, clinical manifestations in humans, and national surveillance efforts.
2) For diseases like rabies and brucellosis, the national surveillance involves mandatory reporting of human cases, monitoring of infected animals, and collaboration between human and veterinary agencies.
3) One health approaches discussed include integrating epidemiological data between human and veterinary fields to more rapidly detect and respond to zoonotic outbreaks.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
The One Health Center aims to improve global health through an integrated approach addressing connections between human, animal, food, and environmental factors. Its mission is to assess and respond to health problems at this human-animal-environment interface through multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts. Key areas of research and intervention include improved water management, poultry immunization, disease surveillance, food safety, and combating malnutrition. A signature project will pilot interventions in these areas in Uganda to evaluate the added benefits of One Health approaches.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
Presented by Sothyra Tum (FAO) to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
AMR challenges in human from animal foods- Facts and Myths.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation talks about ÄMR: A public health threat, a “silent pandemic”.
Infections caused by Antimicrobial-drug-resistant (AMR) pathogens caused >1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (low level or no surveillance) and increasing year after year which may be > million in coming decades. Covid-19 caused ~6.8 million deaths in >3 years but now the pandemic is ending but the AMR pandemic has no timeline for its ending. Many deaths are also attributed to AMR pathogens.
More antibiotic use (irrespective of the sector) = More AMR.
This presentation also talks about ways and means to mitigate the AMR pandemic. 1. Stopping the blame game. All are equally responsible for the emergence of AMR, the share of developed and educated communities is much more than poor and un-educated communities.
2. Working together: On-Line Real-Time AST Data Sharing Platform for different diagnostic and research laboratories doing AST routinely.
3. Implementing not only antibiotic veterinary and medical stewardship but antimicrobial production and distribution stewardship too.
4. Educating for Environmental health not only human, plant, and animal health.
5. AMR's solution is not in searching for alternatives to antibiotics but in establishing environmental harmony.
6. More emphasis on AMR epidemiology than on AMR microbiology and pharmacology.
7. Development of understanding that bacteria and other microbes are more essential for life on earth than the human race. Microbes can live without humans, but humans can’t without microbes.
Global-Health is of prime importance than economic growth/ greediness.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
This document provides an introduction to the One Health concept and integrated approaches to health. It discusses how global changes like climate change, globalization, and intensification of animal production are linked to threats to human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health concept positions human health at the center and recognizes the connections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Integrated approaches to health are based on systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, participation, sustainability, and bringing knowledge to action. For regions in Eastern and Southern Africa, integrated approaches must consider diverse cultures and socio-ecological systems like extensive pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems and wildlife economies. Specific needs in these regions that have been identified include addressing urban
Presentation by Delia Grace at the first United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Science-Policy Forum ahead of the Second Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2), Nairobi, Kenya, 20 May 2016.
Role of a Veterinarian in present society and one health approachDrJayKathiriya
Veterinarians play an important role in society through their work in animal health, public health, research, and environmental protection. As part of the "one health" approach, they work collaboratively with professionals in human medicine and environmental science to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment. Key responsibilities of veterinarians include diagnosing and treating diseases in animals, addressing zoonotic diseases that can spread between animals and humans, and protecting human health through ensuring food safety.
Nexus between One Health, nutrition and food safetyILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Asia-Pacific regional symposium on sustainable food systems for healthy diets and improved nutrition, Bangkok, Thailand, 10–11 November 2017.
One Health is an integrated approach that aims to optimize health and balance among humans, animals, plants and the environment. It recognizes that the health of these groups are interdependent. Key principles include equity among sectors, inclusion of marginalized groups, socioecological balance, stewardship of the ecosystem, and transdisciplinary collaboration. Emerging infectious diseases often originate at the interface between humans, animals and ecosystems, spread rapidly due to global travel, and most animal viruses remain undiscovered, highlighting the need for a One Health approach. In India, adopting One Health requires greater collaboration between medical and veterinary sectors due to challenges like few field epidemiologists and lack of data on zoonotic diseases.
This document discusses the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It notes that zoonotic diseases pose a large disease burden, especially in developing countries, and factors like human encroachment on wildlife habitats, intensive farming, and increased travel and trade have contributed to the emergence and spread of diseases. The One Health approach aims to promote cross-sectoral collaboration between medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals to achieve optimal health outcomes. Key organizations promoting One Health include WHO, FAO, OIE, and CDC. While India has started some One Health initiatives, more coordination is still needed between its medical and veterinary colleges to address zoonotic threats.
Antibiotic resistance is a complex public health issue that requires a One Health approach. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and the environment has contributed to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A holistic, multisectoral response is needed that promotes prudent antibiotic use and prevents infection across human, animal, agricultural, and environmental domains.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
The One Health approach aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. It recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected. The concept originated in the 19th century from physicians who studied links between human and animal diseases. Today, a One Health approach is particularly relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and antibiotic resistance, which require cross-sector solutions. No single group can prevent problems that arise at the human-animal-environment interface. Implementing One Health requires cooperation among professionals in public health, animal health, and related fields across local to global levels.
1) The document discusses several zoonotic diseases including West Nile virus, rabies, and brucellosis. It describes the pathogens, transmission cycles between animals and humans, clinical manifestations in humans, and national surveillance efforts.
2) For diseases like rabies and brucellosis, the national surveillance involves mandatory reporting of human cases, monitoring of infected animals, and collaboration between human and veterinary agencies.
3) One health approaches discussed include integrating epidemiological data between human and veterinary fields to more rapidly detect and respond to zoonotic outbreaks.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
The One Health Center aims to improve global health through an integrated approach addressing connections between human, animal, food, and environmental factors. Its mission is to assess and respond to health problems at this human-animal-environment interface through multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts. Key areas of research and intervention include improved water management, poultry immunization, disease surveillance, food safety, and combating malnutrition. A signature project will pilot interventions in these areas in Uganda to evaluate the added benefits of One Health approaches.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
Presented by Sothyra Tum (FAO) to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
AMR challenges in human from animal foods- Facts and Myths.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation talks about ÄMR: A public health threat, a “silent pandemic”.
Infections caused by Antimicrobial-drug-resistant (AMR) pathogens caused >1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (low level or no surveillance) and increasing year after year which may be > million in coming decades. Covid-19 caused ~6.8 million deaths in >3 years but now the pandemic is ending but the AMR pandemic has no timeline for its ending. Many deaths are also attributed to AMR pathogens.
More antibiotic use (irrespective of the sector) = More AMR.
This presentation also talks about ways and means to mitigate the AMR pandemic. 1. Stopping the blame game. All are equally responsible for the emergence of AMR, the share of developed and educated communities is much more than poor and un-educated communities.
2. Working together: On-Line Real-Time AST Data Sharing Platform for different diagnostic and research laboratories doing AST routinely.
3. Implementing not only antibiotic veterinary and medical stewardship but antimicrobial production and distribution stewardship too.
4. Educating for Environmental health not only human, plant, and animal health.
5. AMR's solution is not in searching for alternatives to antibiotics but in establishing environmental harmony.
6. More emphasis on AMR epidemiology than on AMR microbiology and pharmacology.
7. Development of understanding that bacteria and other microbes are more essential for life on earth than the human race. Microbes can live without humans, but humans can’t without microbes.
Global-Health is of prime importance than economic growth/ greediness.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
This document provides an introduction to the One Health concept and integrated approaches to health. It discusses how global changes like climate change, globalization, and intensification of animal production are linked to threats to human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health concept positions human health at the center and recognizes the connections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Integrated approaches to health are based on systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, participation, sustainability, and bringing knowledge to action. For regions in Eastern and Southern Africa, integrated approaches must consider diverse cultures and socio-ecological systems like extensive pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems and wildlife economies. Specific needs in these regions that have been identified include addressing urban
Presentation by Delia Grace at the first United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Science-Policy Forum ahead of the Second Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2), Nairobi, Kenya, 20 May 2016.
Role of a Veterinarian in present society and one health approachDrJayKathiriya
Veterinarians play an important role in society through their work in animal health, public health, research, and environmental protection. As part of the "one health" approach, they work collaboratively with professionals in human medicine and environmental science to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment. Key responsibilities of veterinarians include diagnosing and treating diseases in animals, addressing zoonotic diseases that can spread between animals and humans, and protecting human health through ensuring food safety.
Nexus between One Health, nutrition and food safetyILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Asia-Pacific regional symposium on sustainable food systems for healthy diets and improved nutrition, Bangkok, Thailand, 10–11 November 2017.
One Health is an integrated approach that aims to optimize health and balance among humans, animals, plants and the environment. It recognizes that the health of these groups are interdependent. Key principles include equity among sectors, inclusion of marginalized groups, socioecological balance, stewardship of the ecosystem, and transdisciplinary collaboration. Emerging infectious diseases often originate at the interface between humans, animals and ecosystems, spread rapidly due to global travel, and most animal viruses remain undiscovered, highlighting the need for a One Health approach. In India, adopting One Health requires greater collaboration between medical and veterinary sectors due to challenges like few field epidemiologists and lack of data on zoonotic diseases.
International Threats of Zoonotic Diseases - International Conference on One ...Tata Naipospos
The document summarizes an international conference presentation on zoonotic diseases and their threats. It notes that emerging zoonotic diseases pose an increasing global threat due to factors like population growth, increased animal production and trade, and human encroachment on wildlife habitats. An interdisciplinary "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is needed to monitor and control zoonotic diseases, which account for over 60% of all known human pathogens. Collaboration across medical, veterinary and policy sectors can help achieve efficiencies and early detection of outbreaks.
How Veterinary Medicine Affects Human HealthRandom Sandi
This document discusses how veterinary medicine has positively impacted human health in several ways:
1) Veterinary research has helped control diseases like yellow fever, influenza, malaria, salmonella, and tetanus.
2) Veterinarians play a key role in food safety by inspecting livestock for diseases and enforcing food regulations.
3) Advances in veterinary medicine like surgical techniques and drug testing have benefited human medicine.
The document provides an overview of the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It discusses the evolution and key concepts of One Health, including how it addresses important issues like zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and food safety in an integrated way. Specific zoonotic diseases that have been targets of the One Health approach in India are also highlighted, such as rabies, henipaviruses, and Japanese encephalitis. The document emphasizes the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health to tackle these challenges.
BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY IN AQUACULTURE – FRIEND OR FOEAusPhage
This document discusses the potential for using bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture to control pathogenic bacteria. Phages are viruses that infect and kill specific bacteria. They have been used therapeutically in Eastern Europe for over 60 years with proven success. The growth of aquaculture is limited by infectious disease outbreaks caused by bacteria like Vibrio and Aeromonas. While vaccines and management practices have helped, antibiotic resistance is a major concern. Phages offer a natural solution as they can target antibiotic-resistant bacteria and replicate at the infection site. The document reviews phage biology and therapy approaches, noting that virulent phages are best for killing pathogens without transferring genes. It compares advantages
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)ILRI
This document discusses the need for a One Health approach to address pandemics and zoonotic diseases at their human-animal-environment interface. It outlines seven major drivers of zoonotic disease emergence, including increased demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification. At least one billion people are impacted by endemic livestock diseases each year. A One Health approach is necessary to prepare for, detect, prevent, and respond to pandemics and endemics through coordinated action and investment in health systems from the local to global levels. Science also has an important role to play in understanding disease transmission and developing universal vaccines.
People, animals, plants, pests and pathogens: connections matterEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Ecohealth: Research to Policy Influence - Canada International Development Re...Tata Naipospos
The document discusses the ecosystem approaches to human health research framework. It provides two case examples of emerging infectious diseases - Nipah virus and H5N1 avian influenza - to illustrate how this framework works. For both cases, a transdisciplinary investigation considered social, ecological, economic, and behavioral factors and their interactions. This led to insights into disease emergence and spread. The research then influenced policies to regulate industries, improve sanitation, and stem wildlife trade - protecting both human and animal health.
King Holmes, MD, PhD: Present and Future Challenges in Global Public HealthUWGlobalHealth
King Holmes, MD, PhD: Present and Future Challenges in Global Public Health, Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept. 12, 2009.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Simon Ndungu Nyokabi at the Euroleague for Life Sciences Scientific Student Conference 2014 on bio-security risks, perceptions, and control of zoonotic diseases along meat and milk value chains. The presentation discusses the importance of zoonotic diseases, defines biosecurity, outlines the livestock value chain, presents a case study of Bura sub-county in Kenya, and considers future trends and implications. Key findings from the case study include poor sanitation, lack of biosecurity measures, high disease prevalence, and low knowledge of transmission risks. Recommendations include improved surveillance, climate change adaptation, and a one health approach to control zoonotic diseases.
The document discusses biodiversity and health, providing background context and identifying key issues. It notes that while wildlife is often described as a major source of emerging diseases, the evidence does not strongly support this. Biodiversity suffers from various anthropogenic stressors that can impact health. Maintaining biodiversity through urban greening can reduce disease vector risks if done appropriately. Transdisciplinary approaches are needed to understand the links between biodiversity, health, and sustainable development. Recent reviews find broad agreement on issues but some contradictions regarding wildlife and disease emergence.
This document discusses global health security threats from biological sources. It outlines emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and other biological dangers such as bioterrorism and dual-use research. Emerging diseases are spreading more rapidly due to factors like population growth, travel, and climate change. Antimicrobial resistance has risen dangerously as misuse of antibiotics grows. Strong detection, prevention and response are needed worldwide to address biological threats that ignore borders. International cooperation is essential for global health security.
This document discusses animal welfare, ethics, and their relationship to human welfare and the environment. It defines animal welfare as ensuring animals are healthy, comfortable, and able to express natural behaviors without suffering. Good welfare requires disease prevention, appropriate care, and humane treatment. The document also notes that human and animal well-being are interdependent, as environmental degradation and lack of concern for animal welfare have been shown to negatively impact human well-being. Poor animal welfare can also threaten human health by increasing disease transmission.
This document discusses lessons that can be applied from controlling infectious diseases to controlling mycotoxins in the food supply. It provides background on mycotoxins like aflatoxin, which are toxic chemicals produced by fungi that contaminate crops like maize and peanuts, posing health risks. The document examines strategies that have been effective in disease control, like prenatal care, sanitation, vaccines, quarantines, antibiotics, and compares them to analogous approaches for mycotoxins - including plant breeding, good agricultural practices, biocontrol, sorting, and fungicides. It also discusses how smallpox eradication succeeded through government support, cost-effective solutions, and the differences between controlling a disease
Dr. Peter Davies - Antibiotic Use In Swine Production - Where Is It At And Wh...John Blue
This document discusses antibiotic use in the swine industry and resistance. It notes that resistance generated in animals can spread to humans and cause harm, but evidence of this is minimal. It discusses calls for measuring antibiotic use to support stewardship efforts. Voluntary monitoring programs are being developed to provide representative data while maintaining confidentiality. Overall it examines balancing prudent antibiotic use with animal health and food safety.
Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa 'Ecohealth 2014' presentation on integra...Naomi Marks
Panel presentation on integrative disease modelling given at Ecohealth 2014 conference. Panel members included: Delia Grace, Pete Atkinson, Gianni Lo Iacono, Johanna Lindahl and Catherine Grant.
Similar to Global veterinary and medical perspectives on one health (20)
4. 66
217
287
307
538
Non-infectious
Bacteria & Rickettsia
Fungi
Helminth
Virus & Prion
Protozoan
Pie diagram showing rate of death due to causes (Chugh T.D., 2008)
(
•
•
C
60.3 % of infectious diseases are zoonotic : 71.8 % originate in wild life.
h
u
(Jones et al., 2008)
g
h
75 % (132/175) of the emerging diseases are zoonotic. (Asokan et al., 2011)
,
T
• Direct loss of $20 billion with over $200 billion indirect losses in zoonosis.
.
(World Bank, 2010)
D
.
6. HISTORY
• Ancient healers - priests : Slaughter sacrificial animals
(Schwabe, 1984)
• Kahun Papyrus (1900 B.C.) : Chimeric animals & human in myths;
Vector borne diseases
(Driesch and Peters, 2003)
• King Adadapla- iddina (1068-1047 B.C.) : Constructed temple for
Goddess Gula - healer of Rabies
(Day, 2011)
7. HISTORY (contd)…
Chinese Zhou dynasty (11- 13th Century) :
– Integrated public health system
– Principles of yin-yang : Acupuncture in animals & man
“ The foundations of veterinary medicine are as comprehensive and subtle
as those of human medicine and it is not possible to place one above the
other.” (On the origin and development of Medicine: Xu Dachun)
(Driesch and Peters, 2003)
8. HISTORY (contd)…
• Arab : Kitab al Baytara (
)
• Greek scholars: Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) & Hippocrates (460-367 B.C.)
–
Public health on clean environment
– Promoted comparative medicine
• Galen (130-200 A.D.) : extended idea of Hippocrates
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 A.D.) : Comparative anatomy
9. HISTORY (contd)…
• Giovani Maria Lancisi (1654-1720) :
Veterinarian
Use of mosquito nets for malaria control
Pioneer in RinderPest control
• John Hunter (1728-1793) : Comparative medicine
• Edward Jenner FRS (1749-1823) :
Small pox vaccination
10. HISTORY (contd)…
INCEPTION OF VETERINARY SCIENCES……
1761 January
(1712-1779)
2011 January
“Either medicine will mutually enlighten and perfect the other when we
discard a derisory, harmful prejudice.” (Claude Bourgelat)
11. HISTORY (contd)…
• Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) :
Father of comparative medicine & cellular pathology
Coined “Zoonoses”
Regular meat inspection
“Between animal and human medicine there is
no dividing line, nor should there be. The object
is
different,
but
the
experience
obtained
constitutes the basis of all medicine.” (Virchow)
12. HISTORY (contd)…
• William Osler (1849-1919) :
Father of Veterinary pathology in North America
“Veterinary medicine and human medicine
complement each other and should be considered as
one medicine” (Osler)
• Louis Pasteur (1822-1895);
• Robert Koch (1843-1910);
• John McFadyean (1853-1941) :
Lab confirmation of Anthrax;
Zoonotic potential of bovine T.B.
13. HISTORY (contd)…
• Calvin W Schwabe (1927-2006): One Health
“ …there is no difference of paradigm between human
and veterinary medicine , and is extension of notions
of comparative medicine. Both sciences share, as a
general medicine, a common body of knowledge in
anatomy, physiology, pathology and the origin of
diseases in all species.” (Schwabe, 1984)
(Veterinary Medicine and Human Health, Schwabe, 1984)
14. HISTORY (contd)…
• James H Steele (1913- 2013):
International doyen of VPH
Founder of CDC VPH
One World, One Medicine, One Health
(Monath et al., 2010)
• Frederick A. Murphy & Karl M. Johnson
(Kahn et al., 2009)
15. HISTORY (contd)…
• Stephen S Morse (1993) :
ProMED - Programme for Monitoring Emerging Diseases
“Global electronic reporting system for outbreaks of Emerging Infectious
Diseases and toxins”
(Dell, 2010)
16. Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I
solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for
the benefit of society through the protection of animal
health and welfare, the prevention and relief of animal
suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the
promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical
knowledge........
(AVMA Veterinarian’s Oath , 2010)
17. MANHATTAN PRINCIPLES
• Wildlife Conservation Society (2004) at Rockefeller University
• Building interdisciplinary bridges to health in Globalised world
• ONE WORLD - ONE HEALTH
• Promote the impact of land use & wildlife health on human
• Holistic approach to prevent epidemic/epizootic disease and ecosystem
integrity.
18. ONE HEALTH INITIATIVE
• AMA (June 25, 2007) House of Delegates approved resolution
• AVMA (July, 2007) implemented One Health Concept
• To revive integration of human, animal or environmental health
(Klement et al., 2009)
• Inter-professional collaboration
• To extend research on EIDs; surveillance
• Improve scientific knowledge & clinical care
(Hristovski et al., 2010)
(Atlas et al., 2010)
20. “One Health is the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working
locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals,
plants and our environment”
(One Health Initiative Task Force, AVMA, 2008)
21. “You
can’t tell the story of human health separate from animal health
or environmental health.” (William Foege)
CDC President to declare small pox eradication programme
22. BENEFITS OF ONE HEALTH
• Improve animal & human health by interdisciplinary collaboration
• Meet new global challenges
• Develop new centres of excellence for education and training in specific
areas
• Increase professional opportunities
• Gain scientific knowledge to create innovative programmes to improve
health
(One Health Initiative Task Force, AVMA, 2008)
23. SCOPE OF ONE HEALTH
Food safety; security
Antimicrobial resistance
Global water/ food system
Climate change
Bioterrorism
Training
Land use pattern
Biomedical Research
Creation of scientific
Occupational health
Comparitive Medicine
knowledge
Public health
Conservation Medicine
Regulatory enforcement
Biodiversity
Zoonoses
Wildlife promotion
Emerging Infectious
Global trade &
Disease; ecology
commerce
(One Health Initiative Task Force, AVMA, 2008)
24. ADDRESSING PROBLEMS OF 21st CENTURY
Population Explosion
Infectious Diseases
Pollution
Poverty & Starvation
Food Security
Climate Change
25. Population (billions)
POPULATION EXPLOSION
Human population increases by: 2.5 people/sec; 150people/min; 9000/hr; 2,14,000/day;
78 million/year
(Courtesy: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: 2006 Revision)
26. CLIMATE CHANGE
“Climate change is perhaps the most challenging collective action problem
the world has faced” (Tony Blair)
Indian subcontinent:
• Increase trends in annual mean temperature;
• 0.68oC increase in the temperature per century
• 8.7% increase of Carbon-di-oxide
• Increase in extreme rains in NE & SW monsoons
Temperature rise 2099
• Low number of rainy days in East coast
• Increased coastal water temperature in South Asia
• Water availability: 1820 cu.m/year (2001)
1140 cu.m/year (2050)
(Courtesy: IPCC Website)
27. EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Modern jet travel allows passengers to move less than the incubation period
of diseases: Notion of exotic diseases are meaningless.
(Sherman, 2010)
• Rapid dissemination of disease occurrence: ProMED; OIE
• Initiate quickly the surveillance pattern
• Should be proper, responsible, effective risk communication
(Decker et al., 2010)
Consider 50,000 known vertebrates; each with 20 endemic viruses:
Total of 1 million vertebrate viruses.
Only 2000 viruses discovered
99.8% vertebrate viruses remain to be discovered
(Atlas et al., 2010)
28. FOOD SAFETY
• Global demand for foods of animal origin is steadily growing and is
apparent that livestock sector will continue to grow
(FAO, 2009)
• Demand for food expected to increase by 50% before 2020
(Scott,2008)
• Reduction of tariff associated with market reforms
• Advances in shipping – growth of animal products trade
• Regulations for international trade
(Speedy, 2003)
29. POVERTY
• Around 3 billion people live on less than $2 per day
(World Bank, 2008)
• Professionals are unwilling to offer services
• Little or no access to prevent and cure veterinary medical services
• Serve as source of transmissible disease & spread
(WHO, 2006)
• Food/ agri products faced average inflation rate of 9.9% over last half
decade in India
(Moorthy et al., 2011)
31. ONE HEALTH IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Wild life
Drug resistant agents
Non- wild life
Vectors
To be kept in mind while propagating One Health programme
(Jones et al., 2008)
32. One health in Indian perspective (Contd)…
• 37 Veterinary Colleges V/s 251+ Medical colleges
• Lack of inter-sectorial collaboration
• Limited field epidemiology capacity
• Awareness of zoonoses is poor
Knowledge among Medical Graduates
(Sekar et al., 2011)
(Kakkar et al., 2011)
33. One health in Indian perspective (Contd)…
• Lack of national programme on Zoonoses managed by Dept of Animal
Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture except for Rabies in few states
• Lack of authentic data on occurrence of the diseases
• No Public Health implementing agency
(Asokan et al., 2011)
TO KNOW why 1,000 Indian children die of diarrhoeal sickness every day, take a
wary stroll along the Ganges in Varanasi. As it enters the city, Hinduism’s sacred
river contains 60,000 faecal coliform bacteria per 100 millilitres, 120 times more
than is considered safe for bathing. Four miles downstream, with inputs from 24
gushing sewers and 60,000 pilgrim-bathers, the concentration is 3,000 times over
the safety limit. In places, the Ganges becomes black and septic. Corpses, of semicremated adults or enshrouded babies, drift slowly by.
(The Economist; 2008 Dec. 11)
34. How to reach One Health??..
• Consensus among stakeholders
• Collaboration among professionals,
• Cooperation among interdisciplinary groups,
• Coordination among partner agencies and
• Commitment (Political and financial) by donors, partners, regional
organizations and national governments
For low/ middle income nations : US$ 1.3 billion spend for
One Health per year till 2020
(Contributing to One World, One Health: A Strategic Framework for Reducing
Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystem Interface, 2008)