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Digital technology and school career
guidance
The state of play internationally
Alison Burke
The age of digital technology...
The age of digital technology...
The age of digital technology...
Quality Career Guidance in the age of digital technology
• Is tech helping
the career
guidance
intervention be
more effective​?​
• Is tech helping the
career guidance
intervention be
genuinely more
efficient?
• Is tech helping the career guidance
intervention to be more equitable​?
Focus on providing quality career guidance to young people using technology
when it improves outcomes.
What the data says
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
I completed a
questionnaire to find
out about my interests
and abilities.
I spoke to a career
advisor at my school.
I spoke to a career
advisor outside of my
school.
I attended job
shadowing or work-
site visits.
I did an internship. I visited a job fair. I researched the
internet for
information about
careers.
I researched the
internet for
information about
ISCED 3-7
programmes.
% of students who reported taking part in the following career guidance activities (PISA 2022)
OECD average Girls Boys
What the data says
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Students who responded yes to the question: I researched the internet for information about
careers. (PISA 2022)
Yes, two or more times Yes, once
What the data says
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Percentage
of
students
Reported having problems with internet access at least once or twice a week – every day during remote learning (PISA 2022)
About once or twice a week Every day or almost every day
> Provide information and
allow users to search for
information in a
‘controlled’ way
> Allow users to generate
resources or skills that can
be helpful to transition to
the labour market e.g. CVs
> Provide career guidance
services/ support
counsellors in providing
services
FUNCTIONS PROVIDERS
> A wide mix of providers –
high level of marketization
> Some government actors
> Sometimes school level
choices are being made
> Highly competitive in most
countries
> Most resources are not
fully evaluated –
longitudinal effects, blind
trials etc.
> Hard to know the
comparative effects of
face-to-face career
guidance and guidance
that is offered using
technology.
EVALUATIONS?
What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong?
How are technologies being used?
ODiCY: Observatory on Digital Technologies in Career
Guidance for Youth
 What is it?
 A collection of international examples of how digital
technologies are being used in school career guidance. It
enables the global community of policymakers, schools
and guidance practitioners to gain easy access to up-to-
date practice examples, and guidance on effective use.
 WHY?
 Driven by accelerating technological developments from
the COVID-19 pandemic there has been an increasing
amount of digital technologies that claim to enhance
career guidance. However, very little has been evaluated
to date.
How are technologies being used?
https://oe.cd/odicy
1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance
 Exploring potential futures in work e.g. Job fairs & career talks
 Experiencing potential futures in work e.g. Virtual work placements
 Thinking about potential futures in work e.g. Skills assessments
And in addition, Managing career guidance within schools e.g. Career guidance online
platforms
ODiCY case studies
https://oe.cd/odicy
1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance
2. Shows practice from around the world
 As of today, the digital technologies are available/being used in 18 countries
ODiCY case studies – international spread
https://oe.cd/odicy
Australia Belgium Bulgaria Canada
Czechia Finland France Germany
Greece India Ireland New Zealand
Norway Slovak Republic Spain Switzerland
United Kingdom United States
1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance
2. Shows practice from around the world
3. Highlights and explains the use of some specific digital technologies
ODICY case studies - technology
https://oe.cd/odicy
0 5 10 15 20 25
Augmented Reality
Metaverse
Virtual reality
Artificial intelligence
Gaming
Social media
Video streaming
Number of case studies on ODICY
Type
of
technology
used
> Country: United Kingdom
> Technology: Video streaming
> Connects schools directly with
employers and volunteers. Large
searchable database – teachers
can “shop” for volunteers to give
online talks
Inspiring the Future Job IRL: e-mentoring programme
> Country: France
> Technology: Video
streaming, Social media
> Connecting mentors and mentees
for career development, featuring
a messaging space and resources
for student assignments.
> Country: United States
> Technology: Online platform, AI
> Crowdsourcing career advice. The
platform allows students to ask
questions about future careers of
volunteers who are in those
careers. Multiple responses and
further questions allowed.
Career Village
What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong?
Engaging employers
Examples of case studies in school career guidance
> Country: Ireland
> Technology: Video streaming,
social media
> Developed in consultation
with guidance counsellors.
Offering occupational and
course information, self-
assessment tools, and career
resources through a portal.
Careers Portal Ireland Zmudri
> Country: Slovak Republic
> Technology: Video streaming,
social media
> Video courses offered to young
people to help them prepare for
working life e.g. Where can I
search for a job? How to write a
cover letter? Also includes
materials for classes
> Country: Czechia
> Technology: Gaming
> Students choose an avatar and
have the goal to find a job for
their character. The whole process
from making a CV, searching for a
job and learning about
employment contracts is part of
the game.
Route to Employment
What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong?
Career platforms/portals
Examples of case studies in school career guidance
> Country: Finland
> Technology: Video streaming
> Mandated one week work
experience that can be carried
out remotely through digital
learning environments
(Microsoft Teams). Funded by
the government and linked
with corporations and schools.
Virtual TET Virtual Reality Career Modules
> Country: Canada, US
> Technology: Virtual reality
> Over 25 different careers in a
virtual reality setting. Guided
instruction for careers that are
inaccessible in real work
experience (e.g. welding). The VR
equipment is rotated through
schools in the area.
> Country: United Kingdom
> Technology: Video streaming
> Link school students up with
virtual and face-to-face work
experience through an online
portal. Ranges from 1 day insight
sessions to 5 day work
experiences.
Speakers for Schools
What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong?
Work experience/ Workplace visits
Examples of case studies in school career guidance
> Country: United Kingdom
> Technology: Artificial
intelligence, Video streaming
> Uses AI and large language
models including integration of
ChatGPT within a curated chatbot.
Allows over 100+ translations and
text to speech functionality.
Embedded within schools and
higher education institutions.
Cici 24/7 chatbot BECOME education
> Country: Australia
> Technology: Artificial intelligence,
social media
> Teacher-led sessions and a
student-facing app where
students explore the world of
work. AI is used to link student
responses to the database.
> Country: Spain
> Technology: Artificial intelligence
> Online platform that helps schools
to complete self-evaluation tasks
that diagnoses their current
performance in academic and
vocational guidance. AI helps to
generate a report from the
responses.
Xcelence
What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong?
Artificial Intelligence used in different ways
Examples of case studies in school career guidance
Opportunities Challenges/concerns
Is it good to use digital technology in career guidance?
> Personalization of career guidance
> Accessibility – inclusion, increasing
equity
> Enhancing efficiency
> Enhancing effectiveness
> Engaging with employers and people
in work
> Making career guidance more
relevant to the modern world
> Digital divides – decreasing equity
> Privacy, data protection and
governance
> Performance of digital tools
> New or amplified bias’
> Inefficiencies in the digital system
> Lack of evaluation of digital
resources
 Further collection of case studies from around the world
 Aim to do empirical studies to see if online activities work as well/better/worse
than face-to-face for particular groups.
 Continued longitudinal studies to measure what is working in career guidance
activities in schools internationally
The future...

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Future Dreaming 2024 | Digital technology within school career guidance "An international perspective"

  • 1. Digital technology and school career guidance The state of play internationally Alison Burke
  • 2. The age of digital technology...
  • 3. The age of digital technology...
  • 4. The age of digital technology...
  • 5. Quality Career Guidance in the age of digital technology • Is tech helping the career guidance intervention be more effective​?​ • Is tech helping the career guidance intervention be genuinely more efficient? • Is tech helping the career guidance intervention to be more equitable​? Focus on providing quality career guidance to young people using technology when it improves outcomes.
  • 6. What the data says 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 I completed a questionnaire to find out about my interests and abilities. I spoke to a career advisor at my school. I spoke to a career advisor outside of my school. I attended job shadowing or work- site visits. I did an internship. I visited a job fair. I researched the internet for information about careers. I researched the internet for information about ISCED 3-7 programmes. % of students who reported taking part in the following career guidance activities (PISA 2022) OECD average Girls Boys
  • 7. What the data says 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Students who responded yes to the question: I researched the internet for information about careers. (PISA 2022) Yes, two or more times Yes, once
  • 8. What the data says 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Percentage of students Reported having problems with internet access at least once or twice a week – every day during remote learning (PISA 2022) About once or twice a week Every day or almost every day
  • 9. > Provide information and allow users to search for information in a ‘controlled’ way > Allow users to generate resources or skills that can be helpful to transition to the labour market e.g. CVs > Provide career guidance services/ support counsellors in providing services FUNCTIONS PROVIDERS > A wide mix of providers – high level of marketization > Some government actors > Sometimes school level choices are being made > Highly competitive in most countries > Most resources are not fully evaluated – longitudinal effects, blind trials etc. > Hard to know the comparative effects of face-to-face career guidance and guidance that is offered using technology. EVALUATIONS? What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong? How are technologies being used?
  • 10. ODiCY: Observatory on Digital Technologies in Career Guidance for Youth  What is it?  A collection of international examples of how digital technologies are being used in school career guidance. It enables the global community of policymakers, schools and guidance practitioners to gain easy access to up-to- date practice examples, and guidance on effective use.  WHY?  Driven by accelerating technological developments from the COVID-19 pandemic there has been an increasing amount of digital technologies that claim to enhance career guidance. However, very little has been evaluated to date. How are technologies being used? https://oe.cd/odicy
  • 11. 1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance  Exploring potential futures in work e.g. Job fairs & career talks  Experiencing potential futures in work e.g. Virtual work placements  Thinking about potential futures in work e.g. Skills assessments And in addition, Managing career guidance within schools e.g. Career guidance online platforms ODiCY case studies https://oe.cd/odicy
  • 12. 1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance 2. Shows practice from around the world  As of today, the digital technologies are available/being used in 18 countries ODiCY case studies – international spread https://oe.cd/odicy Australia Belgium Bulgaria Canada Czechia Finland France Germany Greece India Ireland New Zealand Norway Slovak Republic Spain Switzerland United Kingdom United States
  • 13. 1. Shaped by the OECD Career Readiness Indicators forms of guidance 2. Shows practice from around the world 3. Highlights and explains the use of some specific digital technologies ODICY case studies - technology https://oe.cd/odicy 0 5 10 15 20 25 Augmented Reality Metaverse Virtual reality Artificial intelligence Gaming Social media Video streaming Number of case studies on ODICY Type of technology used
  • 14. > Country: United Kingdom > Technology: Video streaming > Connects schools directly with employers and volunteers. Large searchable database – teachers can “shop” for volunteers to give online talks Inspiring the Future Job IRL: e-mentoring programme > Country: France > Technology: Video streaming, Social media > Connecting mentors and mentees for career development, featuring a messaging space and resources for student assignments. > Country: United States > Technology: Online platform, AI > Crowdsourcing career advice. The platform allows students to ask questions about future careers of volunteers who are in those careers. Multiple responses and further questions allowed. Career Village What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong? Engaging employers Examples of case studies in school career guidance
  • 15. > Country: Ireland > Technology: Video streaming, social media > Developed in consultation with guidance counsellors. Offering occupational and course information, self- assessment tools, and career resources through a portal. Careers Portal Ireland Zmudri > Country: Slovak Republic > Technology: Video streaming, social media > Video courses offered to young people to help them prepare for working life e.g. Where can I search for a job? How to write a cover letter? Also includes materials for classes > Country: Czechia > Technology: Gaming > Students choose an avatar and have the goal to find a job for their character. The whole process from making a CV, searching for a job and learning about employment contracts is part of the game. Route to Employment What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong? Career platforms/portals Examples of case studies in school career guidance
  • 16. > Country: Finland > Technology: Video streaming > Mandated one week work experience that can be carried out remotely through digital learning environments (Microsoft Teams). Funded by the government and linked with corporations and schools. Virtual TET Virtual Reality Career Modules > Country: Canada, US > Technology: Virtual reality > Over 25 different careers in a virtual reality setting. Guided instruction for careers that are inaccessible in real work experience (e.g. welding). The VR equipment is rotated through schools in the area. > Country: United Kingdom > Technology: Video streaming > Link school students up with virtual and face-to-face work experience through an online portal. Ranges from 1 day insight sessions to 5 day work experiences. Speakers for Schools What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong? Work experience/ Workplace visits Examples of case studies in school career guidance
  • 17. > Country: United Kingdom > Technology: Artificial intelligence, Video streaming > Uses AI and large language models including integration of ChatGPT within a curated chatbot. Allows over 100+ translations and text to speech functionality. Embedded within schools and higher education institutions. Cici 24/7 chatbot BECOME education > Country: Australia > Technology: Artificial intelligence, social media > Teacher-led sessions and a student-facing app where students explore the world of work. AI is used to link student responses to the database. > Country: Spain > Technology: Artificial intelligence > Online platform that helps schools to complete self-evaluation tasks that diagnoses their current performance in academic and vocational guidance. AI helps to generate a report from the responses. Xcelence What PISA 2022 will tell us about career readiness in Hong Kong? Artificial Intelligence used in different ways Examples of case studies in school career guidance
  • 18. Opportunities Challenges/concerns Is it good to use digital technology in career guidance? > Personalization of career guidance > Accessibility – inclusion, increasing equity > Enhancing efficiency > Enhancing effectiveness > Engaging with employers and people in work > Making career guidance more relevant to the modern world > Digital divides – decreasing equity > Privacy, data protection and governance > Performance of digital tools > New or amplified bias’ > Inefficiencies in the digital system > Lack of evaluation of digital resources
  • 19.  Further collection of case studies from around the world  Aim to do empirical studies to see if online activities work as well/better/worse than face-to-face for particular groups.  Continued longitudinal studies to measure what is working in career guidance activities in schools internationally The future...

Editor's Notes

  1. My mum’s idea of the future
  2. Technology available now – powerful, linked to information, requires digital literacy for use and instruction (including digital natives for skills like recognising disinformation, filtering, analytical thinking), embedded throughout our lives... Developments in LLM have expanded opportunities, accelerated change
  3. Roborevolution of guidance? Is this the future?
  4. Effective: Is the right activity being given to the right child at the right time to allow them to convert their capital into good employment outcomes Efficient: Micro-level: how much money it costs? Make good use of the time of career counsellors​ Macro-level: students understanding of themselves and the opportunities in the labour market​ Equitable: Outcomes are the same and independent on the characteristics of the young people including their socioeconomic status, where they live (rural/urban), gender (girls/boys), ethnicity etc.
  5. Career guidance is very important because it works. PISA shows that too few students have access to guidance initiatives, especially students in greatest needs and it is not always effective in enhancing career preparation (big equity issues) Students are already searching for information using digital tech -
  6. Problems with internet access in remote learning. In PISA 2009, on average, around 18% of students in OECD countries and economies reported that they had access to the Internet at home. By 2018, that proportion had grown to more than 95%
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