This document discusses drilling fluids and cementing processes used in oil and gas drilling operations. It defines drilling mud as a fluid mixture used to carry rock cuttings to the surface and lubricate/cool the drill bit. Mud engineers are responsible for testing and treating the mud. The main types of drilling mud are water-based, oil-based, and synthetic-based. Cementing involves pumping cement slurry into the annular space between the casing and borehole to secure the casing and prevent fluid migration. Primary cementing is the initial process, while secondary cementing repairs or improves the primary cement job through techniques like squeeze cementing and plug cementing. Common cement types used include Portland cement, oil well cement, Class
This document discusses reservoir characteristics, rock and fluid properties, and drive mechanisms. It provides information on:
1) Techniques like seismic data, well logging, core analysis, and well testing that are used to understand the reservoir and develop an accurate reservoir model.
2) Reservoir characteristics including rock type, porosity, permeability, and factors that allow hydrocarbon accumulation like sufficient pore space and traps.
3) Rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and how they impact fluid flow.
4) Fluid properties including phase behavior under varying pressures and temperatures, properties of different fluid types, and sampling techniques.
5) Common experiments done to analyze reservoir fluids using pressure-volume-temperature cells
The reservoir (rock porosity and permeability)salahudintanoli
Reservoir rock is the one of the important component in petroleum system i.e without it petroleum system is impossible. This presentation contain all necessary information regarding reservoir rock.
Introduction to Reservoir Rock & Fluid PropertiesM.T.H Group
This document discusses reservoir rock properties and how core samples are used to characterize reservoirs. Reservoir rocks must have porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids. Core samples provide information on lithology, porosity, permeability and other properties essential for evaluating a reservoir's fluid storage and flow capabilities. Whole core samples are most representative but sidewall cores provide additional data points. Both core types are analyzed to understand factors like relative permeability needed for reservoir modeling and production forecasting.
This document discusses sustainable drilling fluid solutions. It begins with basic terminology used in drilling fluids like mud types, additives, and functions of mud. Water-based mud and oil-based mud are compared, noting that WBM is less toxic and can meet environmental issues but is not stable above 400°F, while OBM is stable above 400°F but more toxic. New developments in bio-polymers are discussed that can viscosify drilling fluids with less toxicity and better stability. In conclusion, water-based muds with bio-polymers are the most sustainable option while also addressing environmental concerns related to drilling fluids.
This document discusses drilling fluid systems and their functions. It describes the classification of drilling muds as water-based or oil-based. Water-based muds can be further broken down and include bentonite muds, polymer muds, and muds with additives like gypsum, lime, potassium/lime, and mixed metal hydroxide. Oil-based muds include invert emulsion and mineral/synthetic oil-based muds. Key functions of drilling fluids are cooling and lubricating the drill bit, carrying cuttings to the surface, controlling formation pressure, and maintaining wellbore stability. Common measurements of mud properties are also outlined.
Reservoir Porosity; Porosity Definition; Types Porosity; Origins of Porosity in Clastics and Carbonates; Primary (Original) Porosity; Secondary (Induced) Porosity; Pore Space Porosity Classification; Absolute (or Total) Porosity; Effective Porosity; Porosity Calculated; Porosity Values; Porosity in Sandstone; Sandstones Porosity Types; Factors That Affect Porosity in Sandstones ; Grain Packing in Sandstone; Progressive Destruction of Bedding Through Bioturbation; Dual Porosity in Sandstone; Dissolution Porosity in Sandstone; Porosity in Carbonate; Carbonates Porosity Types; Idealized Carbonate Porosity Types; Comparison of Total and Effective Porosities; Reservoir Average Porosity; MEASUREMENT OF POROSITY
This document provides an overview of well control techniques. It discusses the importance of maintaining primary well control by keeping hydrostatic pressure greater than formation pressure. It describes what a kick is and types of kicks that can occur. Common causes of kicks include not keeping the hole full, insufficient mud density, swabbing, lost circulation, and poor well planning. Warning signs of a kick and methods for recognition are outlined. Finally, it discusses the objective of well control and some important well control concepts like determining reservoir pressure and selecting a well control method.
This document discusses reservoir characteristics, rock and fluid properties, and drive mechanisms. It provides information on:
1) Techniques like seismic data, well logging, core analysis, and well testing that are used to understand the reservoir and develop an accurate reservoir model.
2) Reservoir characteristics including rock type, porosity, permeability, and factors that allow hydrocarbon accumulation like sufficient pore space and traps.
3) Rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and how they impact fluid flow.
4) Fluid properties including phase behavior under varying pressures and temperatures, properties of different fluid types, and sampling techniques.
5) Common experiments done to analyze reservoir fluids using pressure-volume-temperature cells
The reservoir (rock porosity and permeability)salahudintanoli
Reservoir rock is the one of the important component in petroleum system i.e without it petroleum system is impossible. This presentation contain all necessary information regarding reservoir rock.
Introduction to Reservoir Rock & Fluid PropertiesM.T.H Group
This document discusses reservoir rock properties and how core samples are used to characterize reservoirs. Reservoir rocks must have porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids. Core samples provide information on lithology, porosity, permeability and other properties essential for evaluating a reservoir's fluid storage and flow capabilities. Whole core samples are most representative but sidewall cores provide additional data points. Both core types are analyzed to understand factors like relative permeability needed for reservoir modeling and production forecasting.
This document discusses sustainable drilling fluid solutions. It begins with basic terminology used in drilling fluids like mud types, additives, and functions of mud. Water-based mud and oil-based mud are compared, noting that WBM is less toxic and can meet environmental issues but is not stable above 400°F, while OBM is stable above 400°F but more toxic. New developments in bio-polymers are discussed that can viscosify drilling fluids with less toxicity and better stability. In conclusion, water-based muds with bio-polymers are the most sustainable option while also addressing environmental concerns related to drilling fluids.
This document discusses drilling fluid systems and their functions. It describes the classification of drilling muds as water-based or oil-based. Water-based muds can be further broken down and include bentonite muds, polymer muds, and muds with additives like gypsum, lime, potassium/lime, and mixed metal hydroxide. Oil-based muds include invert emulsion and mineral/synthetic oil-based muds. Key functions of drilling fluids are cooling and lubricating the drill bit, carrying cuttings to the surface, controlling formation pressure, and maintaining wellbore stability. Common measurements of mud properties are also outlined.
Reservoir Porosity; Porosity Definition; Types Porosity; Origins of Porosity in Clastics and Carbonates; Primary (Original) Porosity; Secondary (Induced) Porosity; Pore Space Porosity Classification; Absolute (or Total) Porosity; Effective Porosity; Porosity Calculated; Porosity Values; Porosity in Sandstone; Sandstones Porosity Types; Factors That Affect Porosity in Sandstones ; Grain Packing in Sandstone; Progressive Destruction of Bedding Through Bioturbation; Dual Porosity in Sandstone; Dissolution Porosity in Sandstone; Porosity in Carbonate; Carbonates Porosity Types; Idealized Carbonate Porosity Types; Comparison of Total and Effective Porosities; Reservoir Average Porosity; MEASUREMENT OF POROSITY
This document provides an overview of well control techniques. It discusses the importance of maintaining primary well control by keeping hydrostatic pressure greater than formation pressure. It describes what a kick is and types of kicks that can occur. Common causes of kicks include not keeping the hole full, insufficient mud density, swabbing, lost circulation, and poor well planning. Warning signs of a kick and methods for recognition are outlined. Finally, it discusses the objective of well control and some important well control concepts like determining reservoir pressure and selecting a well control method.
Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
The document discusses the functions and types of casing strings used in oil and gas wells. It describes the different casing strings like conductor casing, surface casing, intermediate casing, and production casing. It also covers casing design criteria like classifications based on outside diameter, length, connections, weight, and grade. The mechanical properties of casing are discussed in relation to withstanding tensile, burst, and collapse loads during drilling and production operations.
The document discusses drilling fluids or mud, which are fluids circulated during drilling operations. There are several types of drilling fluids including water-based, oil-based, foam-based, and synthetic-based fluids. Drilling fluids serve various important functions including removing cuttings from the well, controlling formation pressure, maintaining wellbore stability, minimizing damage to the reservoir, and cooling and lubricating the drill bit. The appropriate type of drilling fluid depends on factors like the desired performance, environmental considerations, safety, cost, and availability. Water-based and oil/synthetic-based fluids are described in more detail. The document also outlines various properties and tests used to analyze the characteristics of drilling fluids.
This document provides an overview of petroleum geology, including:
1) It discusses the key components of petroleum geology - geochemistry, geophysics, and biology.
2) It explains the process of formation of an oil accumulation, which requires a source rock, reservoir rock, seal, and trap.
3) It describes the basic components of organic matter in sediments and how they are transformed into kerogen and then oil and gas through burial and heating over time.
Petroleum geology is the application of geology to explore for and produce oil and gas. It relies on understanding rock structures that can trap hydrocarbons underground. Key techniques used include seismic surveys, which use shock waves to map underground rock layers and structures that may indicate oil and gas traps. Important milestones include the development of the anticlinal theory of trapping in 1883, the invention of the seismograph in 1914, and the introduction of 3D seismic in the 1980s to improve imaging of underground structures.
Rheology of Fluids Hydraulic Calculations & Drilling Fluid (Mud) Filtration T...Shaoor Kamal
This document summarizes two experiments conducted to investigate the rheology of drilling fluids and their filtration properties. In Experiment 2, the rheological behavior of two mud samples (Mud A and Mud B) was analyzed using a viscometer. Both muds exhibited similar shear thinning properties and were best described by the Herschel-Bulkley and power law rheological models. In Experiment 3, the filtration properties of the two muds were examined by measuring filter cake buildup and fluid invasion over time. Key results showed that the muds had similar rheology and filtration behavior.
The document discusses key properties of reservoir rocks including porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. It defines porosity as the ratio of pore space volume to total rock volume and describes different types of porosity such as primary, secondary, and effective porosity. It also defines permeability as the ability of rocks to transmit fluids and discusses how it is affected by factors like grain size. Additionally, it explains concepts such as critical oil saturation and critical water saturation which refer to saturation levels above which fluids will flow.
Petroleum Production Engineering - PerforationJames Craig
This document provides an overview of perforation for oil and gas wells. It discusses key objectives and components of perforation including shaped charges, explosives, perforating guns, and efficiency factors. It also covers well and reservoir characteristics relevant to perforation and provides equations for calculating perforation skin effects on well performance. The high-level goal of perforation is to establish communication between the wellbore and formation while maintaining reservoir inflow capacity.
This document provides information about drilling fluids used in oil and gas drilling operations. It discusses the key components and functions of drilling fluids, including bringing cuttings to the surface, controlling subsurface pressures, lubricating and cooling the drill bit. It also describes various types of drilling fluids like water-based muds, calcium muds, lignosulphonate muds, and KCl/polymer muds. The document discusses the role of clays and colloid chemistry in drilling fluids and outlines the properties and uses of different clay minerals.
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 6Aijaz Ali Mooro
This document provides an overview of well completion and stimulation. It discusses the key steps in well completion including setting production casing, installing tubing and a Christmas tree. It also covers types of well completions, factors influencing selection, perforating, and well stimulation techniques like acidizing and fracturing to improve flow from low permeability formations. The overall goal of well completion is to prepare an oil or gas well so it can safely and controllably produce petroleum.
Petroleum and natural gas were formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Over millions of years, plankton and algae accumulated on the ocean floor and were buried under layers of sediment. The organic material was converted into oil and gas through heat and pressure over geologic time. These hydrocarbons migrated upward until they were trapped underground in reservoirs within porous rock formations by impermeable caps such as shale. Natural gas is primarily methane and formed similarly through the thermal maturation of buried organic matter. It is found in conventional reservoirs as well as unconventional sources like shale.
This document discusses various water-based mud systems used in drilling operations. It describes the basic systems commonly used like lignosulfonate systems and calcium treated systems. More complex systems are used as conditions change with increasing well depth, temperature and pressure. Factors that influence the choice of mud system include the application, geology of the formation, make-up water quality, drilling parameters, potential drilling problems, and rig equipment limitations. The document provides details on specific mud systems like potassium chloride PHPA mud, silicate mud and their components and applications.
The document discusses drill stem testing (DST), which is used to evaluate reservoir properties. It describes the key components of a DST tool, including pressure recorders, test valves, packers, and more. It also outlines the steps to design a DST plan, considering factors like the test interval, packer selection and location, choke selection, and more. Finally, it explains how to execute a DST, interpreting the pressure chart by describing the initial flow, initial shut-in, final flow, and final shut-in periods marked on a sample chart.
This document provides a basic overview of the fundamental rock properties. It delivers a detailed analysis of the basic reservoir rock properties like porosity, permeability, Fluid saturation , wettability, etc.
- The document discusses reservoir characteristics including rock and fluid properties that are important to understand for optimal hydrocarbon recovery. Techniques like seismic data, well logging, and testing provide valuable data to build reservoir models.
- Key rock properties that impact hydrocarbon storage and flow include porosity, permeability, and wettability. Core analysis in the lab and well logs provide data on these properties.
- Understanding fluid properties like phase behavior under reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature is also important for predicting production performance and fluid composition.
This document provides an overview of petroleum geology, including:
1. It defines petroleum geology as the study of the origin, generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons, with the goal of exploring for and producing oil and gas.
2. Petroleum can occur as liquid (crude oil), gas (natural gas), or solid/semi-solid forms like asphalt or bitumen. Natural gas exists as either associated or non-associated gas.
3. Crude oils vary in properties like specific gravity, viscosity, pour point, and optical activity. The origin of petroleum is now widely accepted to be organic rather than inorganic.
This document discusses the origin and formation of oil and gas from plankton and other microscopic organisms. It explains that under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor, organic matter accumulates and is buried over time. Increased temperature and pressure converts the organic matter into kerogen and then into oil and gas. The hydrocarbons can then migrate from the source rock through porous carrier rocks until being trapped by an impermeable cap rock, forming an oil or gas reservoir. Sweet crude oil contains low sulfur while sour crude has higher sulfur levels, affecting refining.
This document discusses different types of well completion methods including open hole completion and cased hole completion. Open hole completion involves setting the production casing just above the pay zone and leaving the bottom hole uncased, allowing maximum exposure but inability to isolate zones. Cased hole completion involves cementing and perforating the production casing/liner selectively, allowing isolation of zones but risk of formation damage. Common cased hole methods are liner completions, selective perforations of casing, and cemented production tubing. Flow methods include casing flow, tubing and annulus flow, and single/multiple tubing flows.
This document discusses the functions and types of drilling fluids. It describes how drilling fluids transport cuttings to the surface, clean drill bits, provide downhole pressure control, prevent fluid loss into formations, and power downhole tools. The key types of drilling fluids are water-based mud, oil-based mud, and gas-based fluids. Water-based mud is the most common and uses additives to control density, viscosity, and clay chemistry. Oil-based mud is used in reactive shale formations and has advantages in high temperatures but also environmental and health disadvantages.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Cementing.
Drilling fluids are absolutely essential during the drilling process and considered the primary well control.
Know more now about such a very important component of the drilling process.
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
The document discusses the functions and types of casing strings used in oil and gas wells. It describes the different casing strings like conductor casing, surface casing, intermediate casing, and production casing. It also covers casing design criteria like classifications based on outside diameter, length, connections, weight, and grade. The mechanical properties of casing are discussed in relation to withstanding tensile, burst, and collapse loads during drilling and production operations.
The document discusses drilling fluids or mud, which are fluids circulated during drilling operations. There are several types of drilling fluids including water-based, oil-based, foam-based, and synthetic-based fluids. Drilling fluids serve various important functions including removing cuttings from the well, controlling formation pressure, maintaining wellbore stability, minimizing damage to the reservoir, and cooling and lubricating the drill bit. The appropriate type of drilling fluid depends on factors like the desired performance, environmental considerations, safety, cost, and availability. Water-based and oil/synthetic-based fluids are described in more detail. The document also outlines various properties and tests used to analyze the characteristics of drilling fluids.
This document provides an overview of petroleum geology, including:
1) It discusses the key components of petroleum geology - geochemistry, geophysics, and biology.
2) It explains the process of formation of an oil accumulation, which requires a source rock, reservoir rock, seal, and trap.
3) It describes the basic components of organic matter in sediments and how they are transformed into kerogen and then oil and gas through burial and heating over time.
Petroleum geology is the application of geology to explore for and produce oil and gas. It relies on understanding rock structures that can trap hydrocarbons underground. Key techniques used include seismic surveys, which use shock waves to map underground rock layers and structures that may indicate oil and gas traps. Important milestones include the development of the anticlinal theory of trapping in 1883, the invention of the seismograph in 1914, and the introduction of 3D seismic in the 1980s to improve imaging of underground structures.
Rheology of Fluids Hydraulic Calculations & Drilling Fluid (Mud) Filtration T...Shaoor Kamal
This document summarizes two experiments conducted to investigate the rheology of drilling fluids and their filtration properties. In Experiment 2, the rheological behavior of two mud samples (Mud A and Mud B) was analyzed using a viscometer. Both muds exhibited similar shear thinning properties and were best described by the Herschel-Bulkley and power law rheological models. In Experiment 3, the filtration properties of the two muds were examined by measuring filter cake buildup and fluid invasion over time. Key results showed that the muds had similar rheology and filtration behavior.
The document discusses key properties of reservoir rocks including porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. It defines porosity as the ratio of pore space volume to total rock volume and describes different types of porosity such as primary, secondary, and effective porosity. It also defines permeability as the ability of rocks to transmit fluids and discusses how it is affected by factors like grain size. Additionally, it explains concepts such as critical oil saturation and critical water saturation which refer to saturation levels above which fluids will flow.
Petroleum Production Engineering - PerforationJames Craig
This document provides an overview of perforation for oil and gas wells. It discusses key objectives and components of perforation including shaped charges, explosives, perforating guns, and efficiency factors. It also covers well and reservoir characteristics relevant to perforation and provides equations for calculating perforation skin effects on well performance. The high-level goal of perforation is to establish communication between the wellbore and formation while maintaining reservoir inflow capacity.
This document provides information about drilling fluids used in oil and gas drilling operations. It discusses the key components and functions of drilling fluids, including bringing cuttings to the surface, controlling subsurface pressures, lubricating and cooling the drill bit. It also describes various types of drilling fluids like water-based muds, calcium muds, lignosulphonate muds, and KCl/polymer muds. The document discusses the role of clays and colloid chemistry in drilling fluids and outlines the properties and uses of different clay minerals.
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 6Aijaz Ali Mooro
This document provides an overview of well completion and stimulation. It discusses the key steps in well completion including setting production casing, installing tubing and a Christmas tree. It also covers types of well completions, factors influencing selection, perforating, and well stimulation techniques like acidizing and fracturing to improve flow from low permeability formations. The overall goal of well completion is to prepare an oil or gas well so it can safely and controllably produce petroleum.
Petroleum and natural gas were formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Over millions of years, plankton and algae accumulated on the ocean floor and were buried under layers of sediment. The organic material was converted into oil and gas through heat and pressure over geologic time. These hydrocarbons migrated upward until they were trapped underground in reservoirs within porous rock formations by impermeable caps such as shale. Natural gas is primarily methane and formed similarly through the thermal maturation of buried organic matter. It is found in conventional reservoirs as well as unconventional sources like shale.
This document discusses various water-based mud systems used in drilling operations. It describes the basic systems commonly used like lignosulfonate systems and calcium treated systems. More complex systems are used as conditions change with increasing well depth, temperature and pressure. Factors that influence the choice of mud system include the application, geology of the formation, make-up water quality, drilling parameters, potential drilling problems, and rig equipment limitations. The document provides details on specific mud systems like potassium chloride PHPA mud, silicate mud and their components and applications.
The document discusses drill stem testing (DST), which is used to evaluate reservoir properties. It describes the key components of a DST tool, including pressure recorders, test valves, packers, and more. It also outlines the steps to design a DST plan, considering factors like the test interval, packer selection and location, choke selection, and more. Finally, it explains how to execute a DST, interpreting the pressure chart by describing the initial flow, initial shut-in, final flow, and final shut-in periods marked on a sample chart.
This document provides a basic overview of the fundamental rock properties. It delivers a detailed analysis of the basic reservoir rock properties like porosity, permeability, Fluid saturation , wettability, etc.
- The document discusses reservoir characteristics including rock and fluid properties that are important to understand for optimal hydrocarbon recovery. Techniques like seismic data, well logging, and testing provide valuable data to build reservoir models.
- Key rock properties that impact hydrocarbon storage and flow include porosity, permeability, and wettability. Core analysis in the lab and well logs provide data on these properties.
- Understanding fluid properties like phase behavior under reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature is also important for predicting production performance and fluid composition.
This document provides an overview of petroleum geology, including:
1. It defines petroleum geology as the study of the origin, generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons, with the goal of exploring for and producing oil and gas.
2. Petroleum can occur as liquid (crude oil), gas (natural gas), or solid/semi-solid forms like asphalt or bitumen. Natural gas exists as either associated or non-associated gas.
3. Crude oils vary in properties like specific gravity, viscosity, pour point, and optical activity. The origin of petroleum is now widely accepted to be organic rather than inorganic.
This document discusses the origin and formation of oil and gas from plankton and other microscopic organisms. It explains that under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor, organic matter accumulates and is buried over time. Increased temperature and pressure converts the organic matter into kerogen and then into oil and gas. The hydrocarbons can then migrate from the source rock through porous carrier rocks until being trapped by an impermeable cap rock, forming an oil or gas reservoir. Sweet crude oil contains low sulfur while sour crude has higher sulfur levels, affecting refining.
This document discusses different types of well completion methods including open hole completion and cased hole completion. Open hole completion involves setting the production casing just above the pay zone and leaving the bottom hole uncased, allowing maximum exposure but inability to isolate zones. Cased hole completion involves cementing and perforating the production casing/liner selectively, allowing isolation of zones but risk of formation damage. Common cased hole methods are liner completions, selective perforations of casing, and cemented production tubing. Flow methods include casing flow, tubing and annulus flow, and single/multiple tubing flows.
This document discusses the functions and types of drilling fluids. It describes how drilling fluids transport cuttings to the surface, clean drill bits, provide downhole pressure control, prevent fluid loss into formations, and power downhole tools. The key types of drilling fluids are water-based mud, oil-based mud, and gas-based fluids. Water-based mud is the most common and uses additives to control density, viscosity, and clay chemistry. Oil-based mud is used in reactive shale formations and has advantages in high temperatures but also environmental and health disadvantages.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Cementing.
This document discusses drilling fluids and their applications. It begins by introducing drilling fluids as the "blood" of drilling operations, accounting for over 20% of operating costs. It then discusses the types of drilling fluids (water-based muds, oil-based muds, synthetic-based muds), their functions, properties, composition, classifications based on rheological models, design, and the effects of high pressure and high temperature on fluid properties. The document provides a comprehensive overview of drilling fluids to understand their formulation and optimization for drilling operations.
This document discusses cementing in oil and gas wells. It covers factors that affect cement slurry design like well depth and temperature. It describes cement additives that can control setting time. Float equipment like float collars and shoes are used to guide casing and enable cement circulation. Primary cementing involves pumping cement between casing and borehole to isolate formations. Secondary cementing through squeeze cementing can repair isolation barriers. Liner cementing cases off the open hole below an existing casing string. Cement plugs placed in casing are used for abandoning wells or zonal isolation.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Drilling Fluids
This document provides an overview of drilling fluids. It discusses the key functions of drilling fluids, including transporting cuttings to the surface, cleaning the drill bit, providing hydrostatic pressure, preventing fluid loss, and lubricating and cooling the drill string. It also describes common drilling fluid types like water-based and oil-based muds. Important drilling fluid properties are defined, such as density, viscosity, gel strength, and fluid loss. Common drilling fluid additives and their purposes are explained. Hazards that can be addressed by proper fluid selection and properties management are also outlined.
- Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, water, aggregates (sand and gravel), and sometimes admixtures. The cement and water form a paste that binds the aggregates together as the concrete hardens.
- Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials due to its versatility and ability to be formed into various shapes. It can be mixed to meet different strengths and needs.
The document discusses well completion processes. It describes the different types of well casing installed during completion, including conductor, surface, intermediate, production, and liner casing. It also discusses functions of casing like strengthening the wellbore and preventing fluid migration. The document outlines various completion methods like open hole, cemented liners, gravel packs, and describes how zones are produced. It classifies completions based on reservoir interface, production method (natural flow, artificial lift like rod pumps and ESPs), and number of zones. The artificial lift methods support production when natural reservoir pressure declines.
This document provides information on concrete, its ingredients and properties. Concrete is composed of Portland cement, water, aggregates (sand and gravel/crushed stone) and sometimes admixtures. It is mixed either by hand or machine. The cement and water form a paste that binds the aggregates together as it hardens. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength. Proper curing is required for concrete to attain its full strength. Concrete is a versatile building material with many applications.
Bad Applications of Oil-Based Mud (OBM) fluid in the oil and gas drilling process. There are many points of OBM's disadvantages or bad effects on boreholes and production zone.
This document provides an overview of the sand casting process. It discusses the key steps which include pattern making, making the sand mold, melting and pouring, and post-solidification operations. It also describes important elements like cores, gating systems, and common casting defects. The sand casting process is widely used due to its ability to cast a variety of alloys in both small and large quantities.
This is an academic lecture for the Diploma in Engineering Mining and Mine Survey Technology Students based on the syllabus of the Bangladesh Technical Education Board (BTEB), Bangladesh. The course is related to Drilling Fluids.
Subject: Petroleum Well Design & Completion
DRILLING FLUIDS FOR THE HPHT ENVIRONMENTMohan Doshi
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE DRILLING FLUIDS FOR DRILLING HPHT WELLS. HPHT WELLS ARE NOT BUSINESS AS USUAL AND THE SAME APPLIES TO HPHT DRILLING FLUIDS. THE FLUID CHEMISTRY AND THE FLUID COMPOSITION HAVE TO BE TAILORED TO MEET THE RIGORS OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT
Grouting is the process of injecting materials into cracks or voids in structures to increase their strength and stability. Common grouting materials include cement, sand, water, and chemical substances. Grouting fills gaps, seals cracks, and strengthens foundations. The main types of grouting are cement grouting, chemical grouting, structural grouting, bentonite grouting, bituminous grouting, and resin grouting. Each has different applications depending on the material properties and permeability of the structure.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
Presentation (prc I) Consistency , final & initial setting time test ceky007
This document discusses plain and reinforced cement concrete (PRC-I). It defines concrete as a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. PCC refers to plain cement concrete without reinforcement, while RCC contains reinforcement. Concrete is widely used in construction due to its strength and durability. Common tests on cement include consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time tests. Consistency determines the amount of water needed, while setting times indicate when the cement paste loses workability and gains hardness.
Cementing involves pumping cement slurry down the casing string to isolate formations and support the casing. Key steps include:
1. Pumping cement slurry down the casing string after displacing drilling mud with a spacer fluid.
2. Releasing cement plugs to separate the cement from other fluids and indicate when cement displacement is complete.
3. Allowing the cement to set and harden before testing the zonal isolation provided by the cement sheath.
Proper additives, testing, calculations and centralization of the casing are important to achieve a good cement bond between the casing and formation.
Primary cementing involves pumping a cement slurry down casing to isolate zones and support the casing. It is done soon after casing installation. Secondary cementing addresses later issues and includes techniques like squeeze cementing which forces slurry into annuli under pressure to seal leaks or supplement prior jobs. Proper planning and execution of cementing operations is important for achieving zonal isolation and well integrity.
Similar to Drilling mud types and Cementation (20)
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
2. What is Drilling Mud ?
• drilling mud, also called drilling fluid, in petroleum engineering, a
heavy, viscous fluid mixture that is used in oil and gas drilling
operations to carry rock cuttings to the surface and also to lubricate
and cool the drill bit.
3. Mud Engineer
• Drilling fluids are becoming so specialized, most companies now have a mud
engineer on duty at all times to keep the mud in good condition.
• The Mud Engineer:
• is responsible for testing the mud and treating the mud.
• must give detailed data.
4. Requirements of a Drilling Fluid
Seal Rocks to
prevent loss of fluid
Prevent the flow
of oil and gas
while drilling
Lubricate the
drill string
Prevent Hole
collapse
Prevent rock
dispersion
Remove drill
cutting
Avoid damage to the
production zone
5. What are the main types of drilling mud ?
1. Water-based mud
2. Oil-based mud
3. Synthetic-based-mud
6. 1- Water-Based mud
• Water-based mud is a type of drilling fluid that is
commonly used in oil and gas drilling operations. It
consists of a mixture of water, clay, and various other
additives that are designed to provide the necessary
properties for drilling through rock formations.
7. 1- Water-Based mud
• Water-based mud is typically used in wells that are being
drilled in formations that are not highly reactive to water.
• One of the main advantages of water-based mud is that it
is relatively easy to mix and maintain. It also tends to be
less expensive than other types of drilling fluids.
Additionally, because water-based mud is non-toxic and
environmentally friendly, it is often preferred over other
types of drilling fluids in sensitive areas such as near
freshwater sources.
8. 2- Oil-Based mud
• Oil-based mud, also known as OBM, is a type of drilling
fluid used in the drilling of oil and gas wells. It is a
mixture of base oil, additives, and solids, and is used to
lubricate the drill bit and remove cuttings from the
wellbore.
9. 2- Oil-Based mud
• Oil-based muds have a number of advantages over other
types of drilling fluids. They provide better hole stability
and lower torque and drag, which can help reduce the risk
of wellbore instability and damage to the drill string. They
also have better thermal stability and can be used at
higher temperatures, making them ideal for drilling in
deep, high-pressure wells.
• However, there are also some disadvantages to using oil-
based muds. They are more expensive than other types of
drilling fluids, and they can be more difficult to dispose of
due to their environmental impact. Additionally, oil-based
muds can be more difficult to clean up in the event of a
spill, and they may require special handling and disposal
procedures.
10. 3- Synthetic-based mud
• Synthetic-based mud (SBM) is a type of drilling fluid used
in oil and gas exploration and production. It is made from
synthetic materials, such as esters, glycols, and olefins,
rather than from natural materials, such as oil or water.
11. 3- Synthetic-based mud
• SBM offers several advantages over other types of drilling
fluids. It has a high thermal stability, which means it can
withstand high temperatures without breaking down or
losing its properties. This makes it ideal for drilling in
high-temperature environments, such as deepwater wells
or geothermal wells.
• The disadvantages of synthetic-based mud (SBM) are:
1. it is more expensive than other types of drilling fluids,
2. it can be more difficult to handle and dispose of,
3. it may have performance limitations in certain drilling
environments, and
4. there are health and safety concerns associated with its
use.
12. selection of mud type
• The selection of mud type depends on various factors
such as the formation being drilled, the drilling
conditions, and the specific objectives of the drilling
operation. Generally, the mud type is chosen based on its
ability to maintain the stability of the borehole, prevent
formation damage, and carry cuttings to the surface.
• The selection of mud type is a critical decision in the
drilling process and should be made after careful
consideration of the drilling conditions and objectives.
14. Cementing in oil wells
• The wells are drilled in stages since it is extremely
difficult and almost impossible to drill a well from surface
to the oil or gas pay zone in one run without
encountering or facing problems that could lead to
complete failure of the drilling operation, or to
catastrophic consequences and consequently abandoning
the well.
• cementing is one of the essential phases in the drilling
operations and in the maintenance of production wells.
Oil well cementing is the process involves mixing powder
cement with water and some additives to prepare cement
slurry and placing the slurry into the annular space
15. The importance of cement in drilling
1. Securing the casing:
2. Preventing fluid migration:
3. Providing structural support:
4. Enhancing well performance:
16. Cement process
• Cement process is classified into :
1. Primary cementing
2. Secondary cementing
Primary cementing is the initial process of placing cement
in the annular space between the casing and the borehole.
In primary cementing, cement slurry is pumped down the
casing and up into the annular space. The slurry is then
allowed to set and harden, creating a permanent barrier
between the casing and the formation.
17. Cement process
• Secondary cementing , also known as remedial
cementing, is a process used to repair or improve the
primary cement job. It is usually performed after the well
has been drilled and completed.
• There are two types of Secondary cementing :
1. Squeeze cementing
2. Plug cementing
18. Squeeze cementing
• This is a process in which a small amount of cement is
pumped into a specific area of the wellbore under
pressure. This is done to fill voids or channels in the
primary cement job and improve its integrity.
19. Plug cementing
• This is a technique used to isolate specific zones in the
wellbore by placing a cement plug across the zone. This
can be done to isolate damaged or depleted zones and
improve well productivity.
20. Types of cement in drilling
1. Portland cement: This is the most common type of cement
used in drilling. Almost all drilling cements are made of
Portland cement, a calcined (burned) blend of limestone and
clay. A slurry of Portland cement in water is used in wells
because it can be pumped easily and hardens readily, even
under water.
2. Oil well cement: This type of cement is specifically designed
for use in oil and gas wells. It is formulated to withstand
high temperatures and pressures, as well as exposure to
corrosive fluids and gases.
3. Class A cement: This is a general purpose cement that is
suitable for most applications. It is typically used for shallow
wells or as a base cement for other types of cement.
21. Types of cement in drilling
4. Class G cement: This is a high-strength cement that is
designed for use in deeper wells or wells with higher
pressures. It is also more resistant to sulfates than other
types of cement.
The choice of cement type depends on various factors such
as the well depth, temperature, and pressure, as well as the
type of fluids present in the well.
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