This document provides an overview of Linux history and features. It discusses that Unix was developed in 1969 at Bell Labs and led to various variants. Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as an open source clone of Unix. It discusses some popular Linux distributions like Red Hat, Ubuntu, Debian etc. It then covers basic Linux commands, text editors like Vi and Emacs, available software packages, user management and how to setup a basic web server. It encourages computer engineers to learn Linux as most professional applications and tools are available on Linux platforms.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix. It is robust, scalable, stable, and secure. Linux was originally developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and is freely available. Common Linux distributions include Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, and Gentoo. When installing Linux, important steps include identifying compatible hardware, determining the installation method, configuring partitions, and selecting packages to install based on the intended use of the system.
This document provides an overview of Linux including:
- Different pronunciations of Linux and the origins of each pronunciation.
- A definition of Linux as a generic term for Unix-like operating systems with graphical user interfaces.
- Why Linux is significant as a powerful, free, and customizable operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms.
- An introduction to key Linux concepts like multi-user systems, multiprocessing, multitasking and open source software.
- Examples of common Linux commands for file handling, text processing, and system administration.
Increase security, evolve your datacentre, and innovate faster with Microsoft Windows Server 2016—the cloud-ready operating system.
Learn more about:
» Windows Server 2016 as the 4th Era of Windows Server
» Editions & features
» Hardware requirements
» Features:
• Nano server
• Containers
• Hyper-V Hot-Add Virtual Hardware
• Nested Virtualization
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. It was created by Linus Torvalds to provide a free alternative to UNIX. Linux has many distributions including Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora. It has advantages like being free, portable, secure, and scalable. However, it can be confusing for beginners due to many distributions and frequent updates. The document then discusses Linux file systems, permissions, ownership, and basic commands.
I have described all about linux OS starting from basics.
I guess this PPT will really be very very helpful for you guys.
This was one of the most appreciable PPT in my time when i presented it in my class.
Linux is an open-source operating system that can be used as an alternative to proprietary operating systems like Windows. The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history beginning as a free Unix-like kernel developed by Linus Torvalds. It discusses the GNU project and how Linux combined with GNU software to form a complete free operating system. Additionally, it covers topics like Debian Linux, package management, GUI and CLI interfaces, and basic Linux commands.
This document provides an overview of Linux history and features. It discusses that Unix was developed in 1969 at Bell Labs and led to various variants. Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as an open source clone of Unix. It discusses some popular Linux distributions like Red Hat, Ubuntu, Debian etc. It then covers basic Linux commands, text editors like Vi and Emacs, available software packages, user management and how to setup a basic web server. It encourages computer engineers to learn Linux as most professional applications and tools are available on Linux platforms.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix. It is robust, scalable, stable, and secure. Linux was originally developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and is freely available. Common Linux distributions include Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, and Gentoo. When installing Linux, important steps include identifying compatible hardware, determining the installation method, configuring partitions, and selecting packages to install based on the intended use of the system.
This document provides an overview of Linux including:
- Different pronunciations of Linux and the origins of each pronunciation.
- A definition of Linux as a generic term for Unix-like operating systems with graphical user interfaces.
- Why Linux is significant as a powerful, free, and customizable operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms.
- An introduction to key Linux concepts like multi-user systems, multiprocessing, multitasking and open source software.
- Examples of common Linux commands for file handling, text processing, and system administration.
Increase security, evolve your datacentre, and innovate faster with Microsoft Windows Server 2016—the cloud-ready operating system.
Learn more about:
» Windows Server 2016 as the 4th Era of Windows Server
» Editions & features
» Hardware requirements
» Features:
• Nano server
• Containers
• Hyper-V Hot-Add Virtual Hardware
• Nested Virtualization
The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history and features. It discusses how Linux originated from the GNU project and was started by Linus Torvalds. Linux is an open source operating system that can run on various platforms. It provides features like multi-user access, multitasking, and security benefits compared to other operating systems. The document also describes the typical Linux desktop environment and popular software applications available for Linux.
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. It was created by Linus Torvalds to provide a free alternative to UNIX. Linux has many distributions including Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora. It has advantages like being free, portable, secure, and scalable. However, it can be confusing for beginners due to many distributions and frequent updates. The document then discusses Linux file systems, permissions, ownership, and basic commands.
I have described all about linux OS starting from basics.
I guess this PPT will really be very very helpful for you guys.
This was one of the most appreciable PPT in my time when i presented it in my class.
Linux is an open-source operating system that can be used as an alternative to proprietary operating systems like Windows. The document provides an overview of Linux, including its history beginning as a free Unix-like kernel developed by Linus Torvalds. It discusses the GNU project and how Linux combined with GNU software to form a complete free operating system. Additionally, it covers topics like Debian Linux, package management, GUI and CLI interfaces, and basic Linux commands.
Case study of windows a product of microsoft including the history and related to operating system with MS-DOS its scheduling, networking, performance, etc. It also contains the windows architecture, it's system components like kernel, and scheduling through threads in windows.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
The document traces the origins and evolution of UNIX and Linux operating systems, beginning with the development of MULTICS in 1968. It discusses the development of UNIX at Bell Labs in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the "UNIX Wars" of the 1980s-1990s, and the development of Linux by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It then focuses on the history of Kali Linux, describing how it originated from BackTrack Linux and was developed as the premier operating system for penetration testing and security auditing.
Linux uses a unified, hierarchical file system to organize and store data on disk partitions. It places all partitions under the root directory by mounting them at specific points. The file system is case sensitive. The Linux kernel manages hardware resources and the file system, while users interact through commands interpreted by the shell. Journaling file systems like ext3 and ReiserFS were developed to improve robustness over ext2 by logging file system changes to reduce the need for integrity checks after crashes. Ext4 further improved on this with features like larger maximum file sizes and delayed allocation.
Understanding the Windows Server Administration Fundamentals (Part-1)Tuan Yang
Windows Server Administration is an advanced computer networking topic that includes server installation and configuration, server roles, storage, Active Directory and Group Policy, file, print, and web services, remote access, virtualization, application servers, troubleshooting, performance, and reliability.
Learn more about:
» What is the Server?
» Server Roles.
» Server Hardware.
» Work groups & Domains.
» Device and printers.
» Windows Server OS Management tools.
Linux has several advantages such as being open source, having low costs, stability, network friendliness, performance, flexibility, security, fast and easy installation, compatibility, and multitasking. However, it also has some disadvantages like being difficult for beginners to learn, lacking certain software and games, and not supporting all hardware drivers.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including:
- An overview of what Linux is, its history originating from UNIX, and popular Linux distributions like Red Hat, Debian, and SuSE.
- A comparison of Linux and Windows in terms of cost, open source vs proprietary software, and operating system stability.
- Details about installing Linux, including partitioning schemes, file system types, and methods of installation like using DVD/CD or a USB drive.
- An overview of basic Linux commands for navigating the file system, like cd, ls, pwd, and man, as well as copying, removing, and viewing files.
- A working example of using Backtrack Linux for phishing
Ubuntu is a Linux operating system based on Debian that emphasizes simplicity and freedom. It uses the Linux kernel and consists of free software. Ubuntu aims to give users freedom over the software, including accessing source code and modifying or redistributing the software. Major editions include Ubuntu Desktop and Server. It supports common computer architectures and has variants customized for different uses. Popular applications included in Ubuntu are Firefox, LibreOffice, GIMP, and Thunderbird. Ubuntu is a popular choice due to its simplicity, large software repository, active community support, and regular free updates.
The document discusses the history and advantages of Linux compared to other operating systems like Windows, DOS and UNIX. It explains how the GNU project was started to develop a free and open source UNIX-like operating system. It then describes how Linus Torvalds developed the initial Linux kernel in 1991 building on the work of the GNU project. It highlights some key advantages of Linux like high security, many available tools and the flexibility of the environment. It also provides a brief overview of some common Linux components like the kernel, shells, KDE/GNOME desktop environments and the directory structure.
Linux is an open source operating system initially developed for Intel processors but now available on other platforms. The Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds and forms the core of any Linux distribution. Distributions package the kernel with other software and come in different categories for embedded systems, desktops, and servers. Common distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, and CentOS. The command line interface provides power and flexibility, while the graphical user interface offers accessibility through desktop environments like GNOME.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including:
- A brief history of Linux from its origins in the 1980s to its use today on servers, supercomputers, and other devices.
- An overview of Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and others.
- Popular applications that run on Linux, such as OpenOffice, web browsers, email clients, and multimedia software.
- Languages supported by Linux user interfaces and documentation.
- Reasons for switching to Linux like security, cost savings, and stability compared to other operating systems.
- Considerations for switching like hardware and software compatibility.
The document discusses the history and features of the Linux operating system. It notes that Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki. Torvalds released the Linux source code publicly, allowing thousands of developers to contribute to its growth. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides many of the same functions as proprietary systems like Windows and macOS, including user interfaces, task management, and support for various hardware devices.
The document discusses Linux file systems. It describes that Linux uses a hierarchical tree structure with everything treated as a file. It explains the basic components of a file system including the boot block, super block, inode list, and block list. It then covers different types of file systems for Linux like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, NTFS, and network file systems like NFS and SMB. It also discusses absolute vs relative paths and mounting and unmounting filesystems using the mount and umount commands.
The document discusses File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Network File System (NFS), and Samba server configuration. It provides details on FTP such as its history, components, modes, and how to configure an FTP server in Linux. It describes NFS including its history, versions, configuration files, and steps to configure NFS client and server. It also explains Samba, its components, purpose, and how to configure a Samba server using both command line and graphical tools.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
NFS allows remote access to files on a server from client machines. It uses stateless servers so server disruptions don't affect clients, and clients can continue accessing files after a server reboot. The client parses file paths and looks up components individually to accommodate different file naming conventions. NFS adopted UNIX file semantics and operations like open, read, write, and close, along with basic file types and permissions.
Here are the key differences between relative and absolute paths in Linux:
- Relative paths specify a location relative to the current working directory, while absolute paths specify a location from the root directory.
- Relative paths start from the current directory, denoted by a period (.). Absolute paths always start from the root directory, denoted by a forward slash (/).
- Relative paths are dependent on the current working directory and may change if the working directory changes. Absolute paths will always refer to the same location regardless of current working directory.
- Examples:
- Relative: ./file.txt (current directory)
- Absolute: /home/user/file.txt (from root directory)
So in summary, relative paths
Explore more about:
» Why Upgrade to Windows Server 2016?
» Nano Server
» Containers
» Hyper-V Improvements
» PowerShell Direct
» Demonstrations and Offers
Linux has several key advantages over other operating systems. It is open-source, so anyone can modify and distribute the code. It also provides high stability and does not require frequent reboots. Linux is more secure as it requires administrator authorization for programs to execute. It also has a large user community that provides support forums.
The document compares the Windows and Linux operating systems across several categories such as performance, stability, and security. Windows has traditionally dominated the personal desktop market while Linux is most prominent as a free operating system. Both systems now extend beyond personal computers and compete in other markets like servers and embedded systems. The document concludes that neither system is truly superior as it depends on the intended use, though Linux is generally better suited for servers and web development due to its security, cost-effectiveness, and open-source benefits.
Case study of windows a product of microsoft including the history and related to operating system with MS-DOS its scheduling, networking, performance, etc. It also contains the windows architecture, it's system components like kernel, and scheduling through threads in windows.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system assembled under a collaborative development model. The Linux kernel was first released in 1991 and has since been ported to run on various hardware platforms. It is widely used today for servers, supercomputers, embedded systems like Android, and desktop systems. Common Linux distributions include desktop environments like GNOME or KDE and include applications like Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Programming languages widely supported on Linux include C, C++, Java, Python, and Perl. The document then discusses advantages of Linux like low cost, stability, flexibility, security, and its open source nature.
The document traces the origins and evolution of UNIX and Linux operating systems, beginning with the development of MULTICS in 1968. It discusses the development of UNIX at Bell Labs in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the "UNIX Wars" of the 1980s-1990s, and the development of Linux by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It then focuses on the history of Kali Linux, describing how it originated from BackTrack Linux and was developed as the premier operating system for penetration testing and security auditing.
Linux uses a unified, hierarchical file system to organize and store data on disk partitions. It places all partitions under the root directory by mounting them at specific points. The file system is case sensitive. The Linux kernel manages hardware resources and the file system, while users interact through commands interpreted by the shell. Journaling file systems like ext3 and ReiserFS were developed to improve robustness over ext2 by logging file system changes to reduce the need for integrity checks after crashes. Ext4 further improved on this with features like larger maximum file sizes and delayed allocation.
Understanding the Windows Server Administration Fundamentals (Part-1)Tuan Yang
Windows Server Administration is an advanced computer networking topic that includes server installation and configuration, server roles, storage, Active Directory and Group Policy, file, print, and web services, remote access, virtualization, application servers, troubleshooting, performance, and reliability.
Learn more about:
» What is the Server?
» Server Roles.
» Server Hardware.
» Work groups & Domains.
» Device and printers.
» Windows Server OS Management tools.
Linux has several advantages such as being open source, having low costs, stability, network friendliness, performance, flexibility, security, fast and easy installation, compatibility, and multitasking. However, it also has some disadvantages like being difficult for beginners to learn, lacking certain software and games, and not supporting all hardware drivers.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including:
- An overview of what Linux is, its history originating from UNIX, and popular Linux distributions like Red Hat, Debian, and SuSE.
- A comparison of Linux and Windows in terms of cost, open source vs proprietary software, and operating system stability.
- Details about installing Linux, including partitioning schemes, file system types, and methods of installation like using DVD/CD or a USB drive.
- An overview of basic Linux commands for navigating the file system, like cd, ls, pwd, and man, as well as copying, removing, and viewing files.
- A working example of using Backtrack Linux for phishing
Ubuntu is a Linux operating system based on Debian that emphasizes simplicity and freedom. It uses the Linux kernel and consists of free software. Ubuntu aims to give users freedom over the software, including accessing source code and modifying or redistributing the software. Major editions include Ubuntu Desktop and Server. It supports common computer architectures and has variants customized for different uses. Popular applications included in Ubuntu are Firefox, LibreOffice, GIMP, and Thunderbird. Ubuntu is a popular choice due to its simplicity, large software repository, active community support, and regular free updates.
The document discusses the history and advantages of Linux compared to other operating systems like Windows, DOS and UNIX. It explains how the GNU project was started to develop a free and open source UNIX-like operating system. It then describes how Linus Torvalds developed the initial Linux kernel in 1991 building on the work of the GNU project. It highlights some key advantages of Linux like high security, many available tools and the flexibility of the environment. It also provides a brief overview of some common Linux components like the kernel, shells, KDE/GNOME desktop environments and the directory structure.
Linux is an open source operating system initially developed for Intel processors but now available on other platforms. The Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds and forms the core of any Linux distribution. Distributions package the kernel with other software and come in different categories for embedded systems, desktops, and servers. Common distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, and CentOS. The command line interface provides power and flexibility, while the graphical user interface offers accessibility through desktop environments like GNOME.
This document provides an introduction to Linux, including:
- A brief history of Linux from its origins in the 1980s to its use today on servers, supercomputers, and other devices.
- An overview of Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and others.
- Popular applications that run on Linux, such as OpenOffice, web browsers, email clients, and multimedia software.
- Languages supported by Linux user interfaces and documentation.
- Reasons for switching to Linux like security, cost savings, and stability compared to other operating systems.
- Considerations for switching like hardware and software compatibility.
The document discusses the history and features of the Linux operating system. It notes that Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki. Torvalds released the Linux source code publicly, allowing thousands of developers to contribute to its growth. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides many of the same functions as proprietary systems like Windows and macOS, including user interfaces, task management, and support for various hardware devices.
The document discusses Linux file systems. It describes that Linux uses a hierarchical tree structure with everything treated as a file. It explains the basic components of a file system including the boot block, super block, inode list, and block list. It then covers different types of file systems for Linux like ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, NTFS, and network file systems like NFS and SMB. It also discusses absolute vs relative paths and mounting and unmounting filesystems using the mount and umount commands.
The document discusses File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Network File System (NFS), and Samba server configuration. It provides details on FTP such as its history, components, modes, and how to configure an FTP server in Linux. It describes NFS including its history, versions, configuration files, and steps to configure NFS client and server. It also explains Samba, its components, purpose, and how to configure a Samba server using both command line and graphical tools.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
NFS allows remote access to files on a server from client machines. It uses stateless servers so server disruptions don't affect clients, and clients can continue accessing files after a server reboot. The client parses file paths and looks up components individually to accommodate different file naming conventions. NFS adopted UNIX file semantics and operations like open, read, write, and close, along with basic file types and permissions.
Here are the key differences between relative and absolute paths in Linux:
- Relative paths specify a location relative to the current working directory, while absolute paths specify a location from the root directory.
- Relative paths start from the current directory, denoted by a period (.). Absolute paths always start from the root directory, denoted by a forward slash (/).
- Relative paths are dependent on the current working directory and may change if the working directory changes. Absolute paths will always refer to the same location regardless of current working directory.
- Examples:
- Relative: ./file.txt (current directory)
- Absolute: /home/user/file.txt (from root directory)
So in summary, relative paths
Explore more about:
» Why Upgrade to Windows Server 2016?
» Nano Server
» Containers
» Hyper-V Improvements
» PowerShell Direct
» Demonstrations and Offers
Linux has several key advantages over other operating systems. It is open-source, so anyone can modify and distribute the code. It also provides high stability and does not require frequent reboots. Linux is more secure as it requires administrator authorization for programs to execute. It also has a large user community that provides support forums.
The document compares the Windows and Linux operating systems across several categories such as performance, stability, and security. Windows has traditionally dominated the personal desktop market while Linux is most prominent as a free operating system. Both systems now extend beyond personal computers and compete in other markets like servers and embedded systems. The document concludes that neither system is truly superior as it depends on the intended use, though Linux is generally better suited for servers and web development due to its security, cost-effectiveness, and open-source benefits.
This document compares Linux and Windows operating systems. It discusses their origins, differences in being open source versus proprietary, graphical user interfaces, available applications, hardware support, ease of use, distributors, pricing, and security considerations. While Linux is free and open source, Windows has a larger user base and more available software. Both systems have advantages and continuing development will impact their future positions relative to one another.
The document compares the Windows and Linux operating systems in terms of performance, stability, security, accessibility, and market share. Windows has the largest retail sales and desktop usage share, while Linux is more commonly used on servers and supercomputers. Both operating systems have advantages and disadvantages in areas like memory management, default file systems, downtime, and vulnerability to malware.
Dfc2043 operating system; open & closed source systemsFlameDimension95
The document summarizes closed source and open source operating systems. It provides examples of closed source systems like Microsoft Windows, iOS, and examples of open source systems like Linux and Android.
For each operating system, it discusses their key advantages and disadvantages. Microsoft Windows advantages include direct vendor support but disadvantages are inability to edit code and high costs. iOS advantages are performance and security but disadvantages include being costly and proprietary. Linux advantages are being free, secure, and customizable, but it can be less user friendly than Windows. Android advantages are multitasking and easy access to apps, but disadvantages include ads, wasteful battery usage, and potential for viruses.
The document also includes short code snippets to illustrate source code examples for
The document compares and contrasts the Linux and Windows operating systems. It discusses that Linux is an open source, kernel-based operating system that was originally developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Windows is a graphical user interface (GUI) based operating system owned by Microsoft, with its first version released in 1992. The document provides details on the differences between the two operating systems in areas such as software availability, hardware compatibility, security features, and usability.
Linux® is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a system's hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work .
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Linux is a reliable, secure, and customizable operating system. It can run on a variety of hardware from small CPUs to supercomputers. Over a billion people easily use Linux daily through Android smartphones without manuals. While common tasks are easy in Linux, its open nature allows for unlimited customization, which can be challenging but rewarding for meeting new requirements. Multiple vendors support Linux, improving reliability as anyone can quickly fix issues.
This document compares Linux and Windows operating systems. It provides histories of Linux, starting with the GNU project in 1984 and Linus Torvalds releasing the first Linux kernel in 1991. The evolution of Windows is also outlined from Windows 3.1 to Windows Me. The document then summarizes key differences between Linux and Windows in areas like process management, memory management, I/O management, and file management.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on UNIX. It was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has since been developed by a large worldwide community. Linux can run on a variety of hardware and is widely used for servers, workstations, and embedded systems. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, and Mint. Linux offers advantages like low cost, stability, security, and broad hardware support. However, it can be more difficult for new users to install and use than other systems.
When it comes to operating systems, two of the most popular options are Windows and Linux. Both have their own unique features and benefits, making it difficult for users to choose between them. While Windows has been the go-to operating system for many years, Linux is steadily gaining popularity among users due to its open-source nature.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is an open-source, multi-user operating system that can run on 32-bit or 64-bit hardware. It then describes some key features of Linux like portability, security, and its hierarchical file system. The document also outlines the architecture of Linux, including its hardware layer, kernel, shell, and utilities. It compares Linux to Unix and Windows, noting Linux is free while Unix is not and that Linux supports multi-tasking better than Windows. Finally, it lists some advantages like free/open-source nature and stability as well as disadvantages such as lack of standard edition and less gaming support.
Linux Implementation ProposalRichard JohnsonWhy Linux .docxcroysierkathey
Linux Implementation Proposal
Richard Johnson
Why Linux?
Costless
Stable
Reliable
Extremely powerful
Highly Secure
Why Linux
The Linux system is very stable and is not prone to crashes unlike Windows
Linux is completely free and users do not need to pay for anything.
Cost effective: Linux can be installed on old hardware, thus helping in optimal use of all the hardware resources.
Features of Linux Operating System:
Portable(Multiplatform)
Multitasking.
Multi User.
Multiprocessor (SMP) Support.
Multithreading Support.
Virtual Memory.
Hierarchical File System.
Graphical User Interface (X Window System, Wayland)
Basic Features of Linux
Portable − Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same way.
Multiprogramming − Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.
Security − Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data. Less prone to hackers!
Software application for Linux
OpenOffice (Microsoft Office)
Adobe Acrobat Reader
Konqueror: The KDE File Manager and Web Browser (Internet Explorer)
Gedit (Notepad/Wordpad)
Gimp (Photoshop)
Cinelerra (Movie Maker)
VLC (Media Player)
Comparison of Operating System Linux v/s Windows
Linux is freely available or online downloads, for windows companies have pay for their license.
Windows need up to date time to time, its updating process is slower than Linux.
Linux supports backward compatibility unlike to the windows.
Most of the software made on the windows are need to be licensed but in Linux all of them are freely available.
Hardware Requirements
The transition to the Linux environment will not require any changes to the present hardware components.
Windows utilize Intel Core and 8 GB of ram which is more than what is required for Linux
Graphical User Interface
Users will log in with the use of specially designated user ID and passwords. This functions the same as Windows.
Each password will be unique per the user.
Each user will have different access to the system, depending on their level of use; this means that a person will be allowed to access part of the system that they work on, and the rest will be blocked.
Server File Sharing Tool
Samba Server
Share files across Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X systems
pCloud
Is a cloud storage provider
ANY QUESTIONS?
Linux Implementation Proposal: Migration Proposal Presentation (due at the end of Week 3)
Faster Computing has contacted Go2Linux and requested a brief proposal presentation for migrating its systems from Windows to Linux. The company is specifically interested in seeing the following information:
· Based on your current understanding of Faster Computing's business, what are some potential benefits of Linux?
· The company is aware that many different Linux derivatives exist. Which would Go2Linux recommend, and why?
· Are there graphical interfaces availab ...
LINUX INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022Sprintzeal
Linux is a type of open-source OS. OS stands for Operating System. Let’s have a detailed explanation of Linux Interview Questions and answers. The operating system defines the particular software which helps in the direct management of hardware as well as the resources of the system. The operating system has its position between the hardware and applications.
This document provides an introduction to Linux by Murtala Lawal. It discusses what Linux is, its history and development, popular desktop environments and distributions, programming in Linux, uses of Linux on desktops, servers, supercomputers, and other devices. It highlights benefits of Linux like security, stability, free cost, bundled software, easy updating and customization. It also discusses adoption of Linux in various sectors and countries. The document encourages readers to consider using Linux due to these advantages over other operating systems.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system including its history, uses, hardware requirements, installation process, and comparisons to Windows. Some key points:
- Linux was created by Linus Torvalds as an open source version of UNIX and is now widely used on servers, personal computers, and other devices.
- Common Linux distributions include Debian, Red Hat, SuSE, and others. Hardware requirements are modest while installation involves selecting options like language, partitioning, and software.
- Linux is used for servers, file/print services, internet services, and personal workstations. It offers cost savings over Windows but may require more technical skill for some users or system administration tasks.
- Compar
Hillel kobrovski Linux security overview for cisoHillel Kobrovski
Linux is an open source operating system kernel that is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded devices, and more. Some key points about Linux include:
- Linux started as a hobby project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and is now widely used due to its flexibility and wide range of applications. It is often bundled with tools from the GNU project to form a complete open source operating system.
- There are many Linux distributions that package the Linux kernel along with other software, with examples including Red Hat, Ubuntu, Debian, and SUSE. Distributions are tailored for different use cases like desktop, server, or embedded systems.
- Linux is open source, allowing anyone to modify the source code
This document provides an introduction to the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is a free and open source Unix-like operating system developed under the GNU GPL license. It is open source, popular, and supports many platforms. The GPL allows users to freely use, modify, and distribute the software. However, modified versions must also be licensed under the GPL. The document discusses some of the early history and developers of Linux, as well as benefits such as stability, graphical interfaces, and freedom from proprietary restrictions. It also provides basic instructions on creating users and using the file system in Linux.
Similar to Comparative Analysis of Windows and Linux System (20)
This document describes a student result management system created by Kazi Hasnayeen Emad. The system allows users to add, view, and update student records and results in a secure manner. It uses Java for development and MySQL for data storage. The system has features like proper login, easy addition and modification of student details and results. It aims to simplify the task of maintaining large numbers of student records in an educational organization.
What is Cache Memory?
The Memory Hierarchy
How does Cache Memory Actually Work?
Different Cache Level
Cache Memory Principal
Cache Memory Structure
Cache Organization
Cache Mapping Technique
Overview of Single Source Shortest Path
Types of Single Source Shortest Path Algorithm
Representation of Single Source Shortest Path
Initialization
Relaxation
Implementation of Dijkstra's Algorithm
Does Dijkstra’s Algorithm Always Work?
Implementation of Bellman-Ford Algorithm
Negative Weight Cycles in Bellman-Ford Algorithm
The document is a presentation on graph algorithms by Team Alpha. It summarizes Dijkstra's algorithm, BFS, DFS, and Bellman-Ford algorithm. It then provides examples of applying Bellman-Ford to find shortest paths in graphs, including detecting negative cycles.
This slide is basically on Nanotech. I've given presentation on "Nanotech" in 192 semester. I've tried my best to shown that how this tech work, what are the features, what is the future of this tech. I've also added a video footage at the starting of the slide. Hope you like it. Thank you.
Stay tuned.
This presentation is basically built on the technologies that are using in ICC Cricket World Cup 2019.
Our class teacher give it as presentation topic and we tried our best to do it. We also added some video footage on this slide. Hope you like it. Thank you.
Stay tuned.
This was a presentation on artificial intelligent. What is Artificial intelligence? How to make something artificially intelligent? how does our brain works? all these important question are come out through this slide...
This document is a presentation on entropy that contains sections on the history, concept, definition, expressions, classifications, applications, and conclusions of entropy. It begins with introducing entropy and its origins from Rudolf Clausius in 1854. It then discusses entropy as a measure of disorder and the number of microscopic states a system can be in. The document defines entropy using Boltzmann's constant and covers the classification of entropy including thermodynamic, statistical, and quantum entropy. It concludes that entropy is a measure of disorder that increases over time according to the second law of thermodynamics.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
8. Windows OS
● Released in 1985
● Developed by Microsoft
● Simple GUI
● Current Version is Win 11
9. Linux OS
● Released in 1991
● Open Source System
● Based on UNIX
● Mostly Used in Server Side
10. ACCESS
In Linux user has access to the
source code of kernel and alter the
code according to his need. It has
its own advantages like bugs in OS
will fix at rapid pace and
disadvantages like developers may
take advantage of any weakness in
OS if they found.
In windows every user won't
have access to the source code,
only members of the selected
group will have access to it.
LiNux WiNdows
11. VARIETY
Linux has various distributions
which are highly customizable
based on user needs.
Windows has very few
customization options available.
LiNux WiNdows
12. Licensing
In Linux with GPL-Licensed
operating system, users are
free to modify the software,
can re-use in any number of
systems and even they can
sell the modified version.
In Windows, with Microsoft
license, users won't have
access to source code and
based on number of licenses-
we can install only on those
number of computers.
LiNux WiNdows
13. Command Line
In Linux, command line is a
very useful tool for
administration and daily
tasks but for end users it
doesn't make much
difference.
In windows, we have
command line but can't use
as Linux command line. We
need to go to run and enter
cmd then command line will
open.
LiNux WiNdows
14. Run level
Linux has an inbuilt ability to
stop at different run levels;
with this, we can work using
a command line and GUI if
anyone has an issue
In windows, if we encounter
any problem in order to fix it,
we need to reboot at run level
3 as an administrator/ root to
find and fix the problem.
LiNux WiNdows
15. Usability
Linux is complicated to install
but has the ability to
complete complex tasks
easier.
Windows gives user’s a
simple system to operate, but
it will take a longer time to
install.
LiNux WiNdows
16. Support
Linux has support via a huge
community of user
forums/websites and online
search.
Windows gives user’s a
simple system to operate, but
it will take a longer time to
install.
LiNux WiNdows
17. Security
● Security has had years to be tested and
verified
● Security is tied to a file
● Ability to merge systems/domains
● Firewall functionality built-in to server
● Limited file access control
● Security not as strict
● No Auditing
● Stricter security available
● Greater control of access permissions.
● Auditing of security events
● Security still in infancy
● Most widely used software
LiNux WiNdows
18. System Updates
● User has full control
over when and what to
update
● takes less time
● User has less control
over when and what to
update.
● takes more time to
install.
LiNux WiNdows
20. WSL
● WSL stands for Windows Subsystem for Linux.
● Runs a Linux environment directly on Windows 10
● Two versions: WSL1, WSL2
● Usages Microsoft’s built-in virtualization software called
Hyper-V to run.