The document summarizes the planning and architecture of the Indian city of Jaipur. Some key points:
1. Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber, replacing the congested hill town. It was planned according to Hindu texts with a grid layout and nine wards.
2. Notable architecture includes the Hawa Mahal palace known for its intricate jharokha windows, and Amer Fort with its ornate courtyards and Diwan-i-Aam hall.
3. Jaipur demonstrates a well-planned city structure with defined hierarchies of roads, sectors, neighborhoods and public spaces like chaup
The case study is about the india's most well planned city that is Jaipur, Rajasthan. what is the urban sprawl in that city and how it grows that will expained in that.
- Jaipur was established in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber to replace the old congested city.
- It was planned according to the principles of Hindu architecture and town planning with a grid layout divided into nine blocks by main streets.
- The city was strategically located on a plain bounded by hills which provided natural fortification and building materials, and access to water supplies.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. He followed principles of Indian architecture and urban planning in its design. Jaipur is laid out in a grid pattern divided into nine blocks based on the concept of a mandala. The central streets and intersections form the structure of the city. Key reasons for founding Jaipur were defense needs, availability of resources, and allowing Amber to expand. The city's architecture and public spaces still reflect its original planned design.
Jaipur is the first planned city in India, designed based on principles in ancient Hindu texts. It is laid out in a grid of nine blocks divided by wide streets, with the central axis running from the Sun Gate to the Moon Gate. Major roads are 33m wide and divide the city into sectors. Narrower streets and alleys further divide sectors into neighborhoods. Markets and public squares are located at the intersections of major roads. The uniform facades along main streets and pre-planned dimensions of streets and blocks give the city a coordinated appearance.
1. The document discusses the architecture and planning of Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan established in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II.
2. Jaipur was planned on a grid system with major roads demarcating sectors, inspired by ancient Hindu texts on city planning.
3. Key features of Jaipur's design included its location at the base of hills for defense, a central axis running east-west between the Sun and Moon Gates, and sectors divided into nine blocks to segregate communities.
4. The grid road network and division into sectors with uniform facades along major roads and bazaars gave Jaipur a distinct planned character different from
Jaipur was established in the 18th century by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. There were military and geographical reasons for changing the capital, as the old city of Amber was located on a congested hill. Jai Singh also wanted the new capital to be a strong political statement on par with Mughal cities, and serve as a thriving center of trade. The layout of Jaipur was carefully planned according to Hindu texts, with major roads intersecting in a grid pattern divided into nine blocks. The pink color of the city's buildings was likely intended to cut glare or imitate Mughal architecture, and welcome a British dignitary. Squares called chaupars
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II founded the city of Jaipur in 1727, planning it based on principles of Hindu town planning. He established the grid layout with nine blocks and designed the city's defenses, water supply and architecture. Notable landmarks include the Hawa Mahal palace known for its intricate jharokhas, and the Diwan-i-Am assembly hall built with red sandstone. Over time the city has expanded beyond its original walled boundaries in phases guided by the city's master plans. Today Jaipur is a cultural center known for its historic bazaars, forts and palaces displaying Rajasthani architecture.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. He followed principles of Hindu urban planning to design the city, dividing it into nine blocks with wide streets and central squares. The city was planned with military defense and expansion in mind. Over time, new structures like Hawa Mahal were added and the city grew beyond its original walls. Today, Jaipur is known for its pink buildings and is a well-planned city with distinct architecture, markets, temples, and palaces that showcase Rajasthani culture and heritage.
The case study is about the india's most well planned city that is Jaipur, Rajasthan. what is the urban sprawl in that city and how it grows that will expained in that.
- Jaipur was established in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber to replace the old congested city.
- It was planned according to the principles of Hindu architecture and town planning with a grid layout divided into nine blocks by main streets.
- The city was strategically located on a plain bounded by hills which provided natural fortification and building materials, and access to water supplies.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. He followed principles of Indian architecture and urban planning in its design. Jaipur is laid out in a grid pattern divided into nine blocks based on the concept of a mandala. The central streets and intersections form the structure of the city. Key reasons for founding Jaipur were defense needs, availability of resources, and allowing Amber to expand. The city's architecture and public spaces still reflect its original planned design.
Jaipur is the first planned city in India, designed based on principles in ancient Hindu texts. It is laid out in a grid of nine blocks divided by wide streets, with the central axis running from the Sun Gate to the Moon Gate. Major roads are 33m wide and divide the city into sectors. Narrower streets and alleys further divide sectors into neighborhoods. Markets and public squares are located at the intersections of major roads. The uniform facades along main streets and pre-planned dimensions of streets and blocks give the city a coordinated appearance.
1. The document discusses the architecture and planning of Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan established in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II.
2. Jaipur was planned on a grid system with major roads demarcating sectors, inspired by ancient Hindu texts on city planning.
3. Key features of Jaipur's design included its location at the base of hills for defense, a central axis running east-west between the Sun and Moon Gates, and sectors divided into nine blocks to segregate communities.
4. The grid road network and division into sectors with uniform facades along major roads and bazaars gave Jaipur a distinct planned character different from
Jaipur was established in the 18th century by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. There were military and geographical reasons for changing the capital, as the old city of Amber was located on a congested hill. Jai Singh also wanted the new capital to be a strong political statement on par with Mughal cities, and serve as a thriving center of trade. The layout of Jaipur was carefully planned according to Hindu texts, with major roads intersecting in a grid pattern divided into nine blocks. The pink color of the city's buildings was likely intended to cut glare or imitate Mughal architecture, and welcome a British dignitary. Squares called chaupars
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II founded the city of Jaipur in 1727, planning it based on principles of Hindu town planning. He established the grid layout with nine blocks and designed the city's defenses, water supply and architecture. Notable landmarks include the Hawa Mahal palace known for its intricate jharokhas, and the Diwan-i-Am assembly hall built with red sandstone. Over time the city has expanded beyond its original walled boundaries in phases guided by the city's master plans. Today Jaipur is a cultural center known for its historic bazaars, forts and palaces displaying Rajasthani architecture.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber. He followed principles of Hindu urban planning to design the city, dividing it into nine blocks with wide streets and central squares. The city was planned with military defense and expansion in mind. Over time, new structures like Hawa Mahal were added and the city grew beyond its original walls. Today, Jaipur is known for its pink buildings and is a well-planned city with distinct architecture, markets, temples, and palaces that showcase Rajasthani culture and heritage.
Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It is known as the "Pink City" due to the dominant color of its buildings. When it was established, Jaipur was designed according to principles of urban planning laid out in ancient Hindu texts. The city was planned on a grid system divided into nine blocks, with wide straight avenues intersecting at right angles. Major roads and squares follow a strict hierarchy. Amenities are concentrated along the main roads within walkable distances. The placement of roads, squares, markets and temples helped create socially interactive public spaces. The mohalla neighborhood module supported a safe living environment. Overall
Modern Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, who established the city after deciding his original capital of Amber was not strategically located for defense. Jaipur was planned following principles of Hindu urban planning and is known for its grid layout divided into nine blocks. Key features of the new city's design included wide central roads, planned locations for temples and markets, standardized building facades, and integrated water systems. The planning and architecture of Jaipur have supported its development into the modern capital of Rajasthan while preserving its historic character.
1. Sawai Jai Singh II established the city of Jaipur in 1727 as the new capital of the Kachwaha clan, moving it from the congested hill town of Amber.
2. Jaipur was planned according to the Shilpa Shastra with a grid layout of nine blocks divided by main streets oriented along the cardinal directions.
3. The new planned city helped establish Jaipur as an important political and commercial center in Eastern Rajasthan.
Jaipur city was established in 1729 by Maharaja Jai Singh as the new capital of the Kachwaha dynasty. It was planned according to principles of Hindu architecture with a grid layout divided into nine blocks. Notable features include wide boulevards, historic bazaars, temples, and two large central squares called Chaupars. The city's architecture and planning reflect its heritage as the former capital of the Kingdom of Jaipur.
The document describes various traditional village layout plans from ancient India. It discusses 8 different plans - Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Swastika, Nandyavarta, Chaturmukha, Karmuka, Prastara, and Padmaka. Each layout has distinct features such as shape, location of temples, streets, gates, and defensive structures like walls. Specific examples of historical cities like Jaipur and Madurai are also mentioned that exhibit elements of these traditional plans.
JAIPUR CITY URBAN DESIGN, ANALYSIS.
REPORT BASED ON THE PAPER:-
Space Formation of Jaipur City, Rajastan, India An
Analysis on City Maps (1925-28) made by Survey of
India
Shuji Funo, Naohiko Yamamoto & Mohan Pant
case study of KR MARKET, bangalore,india.pptxsmilingqueen2
K R Market (Krishnarajendra Market), also known as City Market, is the largest wholesale market dealing with commodities in Bangalore, India. It is named after Krishnarajendra Wodeyar, a former ruler of the princely state of Mysore. The market is located in the Kalasipalya area, adjacent to the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, on Mysore Road at its junction with Krishnarajendra Road. It is the first locality in the whole of Asia to get electricity and considered to be one of the biggest flower markets in Asia.[1]
History
K R Market was established in 1928. The location of the market is said to have been a water tank and then a battlefield in the 18th century during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.[2] From the British era, two buildings remain, at the front and back of the market area.
Present day
A new concrete 3-story structure was erected in the 1990s between the two older buildings to provide more space for vendors and better overall conditions. At the basement is an underground parking above which stand three commodity-specialised floors: flowers and vegetables on the lower ground floor, dry goods on the upper ground floor and tools and machine-tools accessories on the first floor.[3]K R Market (Krishnarajendra Market), also known as City Market, is the largest wholesale market dealing with commodities in Bangalore, India. It is named after Krishnarajendra Wodeyar, a former ruler of the princely state of Mysore. The market is located in the Kalasipalya area, adjacent to the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, on Mysore Road at its junction with Krishnarajendra Road. It is the first locality in the whole of Asia to get electricity and considered to be one of the biggest flower markets in Asia.[1]
History
K R Market was established in 1928. The location of the market is said to have been a water tank and then a battlefield in the 18th century during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.[2] From the British era, two buildings remain, at the front and back of the market area.
Present day
A new concrete 3-story structure was erected in the 1990s between the two older buildings to provide more space for vendors and better overall conditions. At the basement is an underground parking above which stand three commodity-specialised floors: flowers and vegetables on the lower ground floor, dry goods on the upper ground floor and tools and machine-tools accessories on the first floor.[3]
Coimbatore - Urban Settlement and PlanningPrasanthM76
The document summarizes the history of human settlements and planning in Coimbatore, India from its early beginnings to present day. It describes how the city originated as a small settlement near the Noyyal River and gradually expanded over time under different rulers. The core area was initially planned with a radial form centered around a fort and temple. Later, the British introduced grid planning for new neighborhoods during their rule to improve sanitation following a disease outbreak. Today, Coimbatore continues to be influenced by both traditional radial and modern grid-based planning approaches in its urban development.
The evolution of the settlement followed by the expansion in various rules such as Cheras,Cholas,Pandyas,Mysore Kingdom,Madurai Nayaks and the British and inference
This document provides information on the planning of Islamic cities, specifically Islamabad, Pakistan and Shahjahanabad, India. It discusses how Islamabad was planned on a grid iron pattern with sectors divided by wide principal roads for different land uses. Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu principles with the Red Fort at the most auspicious junction, major mosques including the Jama Masjid, and markets around the Friday Mosque. Both cities featured hierarchical systems of streets and mosques to serve communities.
Sawai Jai Singh II established the city of Jaipur in 1727, moving the capital from the congested hill town of Amber. Jaipur was planned according to Hindu texts on city planning, with a grid layout divided into nine wards by main streets oriented along the cardinal directions. This layout aligned with the site's geography, incorporating existing roads and a natural ridge line. The new capital strengthened the region's defenses and economy by its strategic location and planned design.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber due to safety concerns with Amber's location and increasing population. Jaipur was planned with a grid-like layout on flat land south of Amber to allow for expansion. The city was designed for defense, with natural barriers of hills to the north and east. Water supply was ensured through dams and channels. Over time, the city expanded beyond its original walled boundaries under later rulers in the 18th-19th centuries, adopting modern infrastructure like railways. Jaipur became an important religious and commercial center.
Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
The document summarizes the evolution and planning of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) under Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. Some key points:
- Shah Jahan established Shahjahanabad as the new Mughal capital in 1648, relocating from Agra due to issues with space and heat. The city was laid out based on principles of Hindu architecture and Islamic geometry.
- The city plan centered around the Red Fort, with major streets and markets radiating outward. Open spaces, gardens, and the Jami Masjid mosque were also incorporated into the design.
- Over time, the British took control of the city and imposed changes. However, the
Chandigarh is a planned city in India that serves as the capital of Punjab and Haryana. It was designed by Le Corbusier in the 1950s as a modernist experiment in urban planning. Some key points:
- Le Corbusier divided the city into sectors separated by roads in a grid pattern. Each sector was designed to be self-sufficient with amenities like schools and shops.
- The city has distinct zones for living, working, recreation and government functions. Major landmarks include the Capitol Complex, City Center and Leisure Valley park.
- Sustainable design principles were used like solar orientation of buildings, hierarchy of green spaces and separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic. However
Chandigarh was established as the capital of the new states of Punjab and Haryana in India. It was planned by the French architect Le Corbusier as a modernist planned city based on concepts of functional zoning and urban design. The city was divided into sectors based on Corbusier's concepts, with strict separation of residential, industrial, and recreational areas. Key features included superblocks, open green spaces, and a hierarchical road network designed for segregated pedestrian and vehicular movement. While pioneering modernist planning for India, the design also faced some criticism for not respecting local culture and traditions.
The document provides information about Ravindra Manch, a cultural center located in Ram Niwas Bagh, Jaipur. Some key details include:
- It was one of 17 cultural centers envisioned by Nehru and opened in 1963.
- It has facilities for performances, exhibitions, and parking.
- The site is located near Jaipur Zoo and has good connectivity.
- Existing facilities include an auditorium, open air theater, galleries, and performance areas.
- Plans and standards are presented for the building layout and facilities.
Brasilia is the capital city of Brazil, located in the Distrito Federal region. It was planned and constructed in the mid-20th century as a new planned city to replace Rio de Janeiro as the capital. Brasilia has a tropical savannah climate with an average temperature of 20.5 degrees Celsius. The population is over 2.6 million people with a density of around 435 inhabitants per square kilometer, making it one of the largest cities built in the 20th century. The city was planned with distinct sectors for different functions and an emphasis on separating vehicles and pedestrians.
The document provides information about the human settlement of Kyoto, Japan. It discusses Kyoto's location, topology, history, and urban development. Some key points:
- Kyoto is located in southern Kyoto Prefecture in Japan and has an area of 827.90km2.
- The city was originally established in 794 AD as Heian-kyo, the imperial capital of Japan, with a grid plan covering about 5km by 4.5km.
- Over time the city expanded beyond the original grid plan as people converted streets to housing. The internal structure of individual city blocks also evolved, eventually splitting into smaller sub-blocks.
- Today Kyoto has a population of
Chandigarh town planning final 24.12.16parshwa shah
Chandigarh was established as a new planned city in India to be the capital of Punjab. It was envisioned as a symbol of modern India free from traditions of the past. Le Corbusier was hired to design the city and create a master plan. He divided the city into sectors with strict zoning for residential, commercial and industrial areas. The sectors are self-sufficient units connected by a hierarchical road network. Open spaces, including a large leisure valley, were incorporated into the design. The city has grown according to the master plan and remains well-connected regionally.
Charles Babbage created the first general purpose computer called the Analytical Engine in 1842. This computer could perform basic mathematical functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division automatically. The five generations of computers are defined by the technology used in their circuitry, beginning with vacuum tubes in first generation computers from 1946-1959 and progressing to integrated circuits and then microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, reliability, speed and capabilities. Today's fifth generation computers continue to develop new technologies and applications based on artificial intelligence.
This document discusses planning and types of plans. It defines planning as determining goals and means to achieve them. Plans can be classified by scope, repetitiveness, and time dimension. By scope, plans include strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic plans determine mission and strategies, tactical plans translate strategies into tactics, and operational plans design specific activities. Plans also differ by repetitiveness, including single-use plans like budgets and projects, and standing plans used repeatedly like policies. Good planning establishes goals, anticipates the future, identifies required actions, and determines timeframes.
Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It is known as the "Pink City" due to the dominant color of its buildings. When it was established, Jaipur was designed according to principles of urban planning laid out in ancient Hindu texts. The city was planned on a grid system divided into nine blocks, with wide straight avenues intersecting at right angles. Major roads and squares follow a strict hierarchy. Amenities are concentrated along the main roads within walkable distances. The placement of roads, squares, markets and temples helped create socially interactive public spaces. The mohalla neighborhood module supported a safe living environment. Overall
Modern Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, who established the city after deciding his original capital of Amber was not strategically located for defense. Jaipur was planned following principles of Hindu urban planning and is known for its grid layout divided into nine blocks. Key features of the new city's design included wide central roads, planned locations for temples and markets, standardized building facades, and integrated water systems. The planning and architecture of Jaipur have supported its development into the modern capital of Rajasthan while preserving its historic character.
1. Sawai Jai Singh II established the city of Jaipur in 1727 as the new capital of the Kachwaha clan, moving it from the congested hill town of Amber.
2. Jaipur was planned according to the Shilpa Shastra with a grid layout of nine blocks divided by main streets oriented along the cardinal directions.
3. The new planned city helped establish Jaipur as an important political and commercial center in Eastern Rajasthan.
Jaipur city was established in 1729 by Maharaja Jai Singh as the new capital of the Kachwaha dynasty. It was planned according to principles of Hindu architecture with a grid layout divided into nine blocks. Notable features include wide boulevards, historic bazaars, temples, and two large central squares called Chaupars. The city's architecture and planning reflect its heritage as the former capital of the Kingdom of Jaipur.
The document describes various traditional village layout plans from ancient India. It discusses 8 different plans - Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Swastika, Nandyavarta, Chaturmukha, Karmuka, Prastara, and Padmaka. Each layout has distinct features such as shape, location of temples, streets, gates, and defensive structures like walls. Specific examples of historical cities like Jaipur and Madurai are also mentioned that exhibit elements of these traditional plans.
JAIPUR CITY URBAN DESIGN, ANALYSIS.
REPORT BASED ON THE PAPER:-
Space Formation of Jaipur City, Rajastan, India An
Analysis on City Maps (1925-28) made by Survey of
India
Shuji Funo, Naohiko Yamamoto & Mohan Pant
case study of KR MARKET, bangalore,india.pptxsmilingqueen2
K R Market (Krishnarajendra Market), also known as City Market, is the largest wholesale market dealing with commodities in Bangalore, India. It is named after Krishnarajendra Wodeyar, a former ruler of the princely state of Mysore. The market is located in the Kalasipalya area, adjacent to the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, on Mysore Road at its junction with Krishnarajendra Road. It is the first locality in the whole of Asia to get electricity and considered to be one of the biggest flower markets in Asia.[1]
History
K R Market was established in 1928. The location of the market is said to have been a water tank and then a battlefield in the 18th century during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.[2] From the British era, two buildings remain, at the front and back of the market area.
Present day
A new concrete 3-story structure was erected in the 1990s between the two older buildings to provide more space for vendors and better overall conditions. At the basement is an underground parking above which stand three commodity-specialised floors: flowers and vegetables on the lower ground floor, dry goods on the upper ground floor and tools and machine-tools accessories on the first floor.[3]K R Market (Krishnarajendra Market), also known as City Market, is the largest wholesale market dealing with commodities in Bangalore, India. It is named after Krishnarajendra Wodeyar, a former ruler of the princely state of Mysore. The market is located in the Kalasipalya area, adjacent to the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, on Mysore Road at its junction with Krishnarajendra Road. It is the first locality in the whole of Asia to get electricity and considered to be one of the biggest flower markets in Asia.[1]
History
K R Market was established in 1928. The location of the market is said to have been a water tank and then a battlefield in the 18th century during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.[2] From the British era, two buildings remain, at the front and back of the market area.
Present day
A new concrete 3-story structure was erected in the 1990s between the two older buildings to provide more space for vendors and better overall conditions. At the basement is an underground parking above which stand three commodity-specialised floors: flowers and vegetables on the lower ground floor, dry goods on the upper ground floor and tools and machine-tools accessories on the first floor.[3]
Coimbatore - Urban Settlement and PlanningPrasanthM76
The document summarizes the history of human settlements and planning in Coimbatore, India from its early beginnings to present day. It describes how the city originated as a small settlement near the Noyyal River and gradually expanded over time under different rulers. The core area was initially planned with a radial form centered around a fort and temple. Later, the British introduced grid planning for new neighborhoods during their rule to improve sanitation following a disease outbreak. Today, Coimbatore continues to be influenced by both traditional radial and modern grid-based planning approaches in its urban development.
The evolution of the settlement followed by the expansion in various rules such as Cheras,Cholas,Pandyas,Mysore Kingdom,Madurai Nayaks and the British and inference
This document provides information on the planning of Islamic cities, specifically Islamabad, Pakistan and Shahjahanabad, India. It discusses how Islamabad was planned on a grid iron pattern with sectors divided by wide principal roads for different land uses. Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu principles with the Red Fort at the most auspicious junction, major mosques including the Jama Masjid, and markets around the Friday Mosque. Both cities featured hierarchical systems of streets and mosques to serve communities.
Sawai Jai Singh II established the city of Jaipur in 1727, moving the capital from the congested hill town of Amber. Jaipur was planned according to Hindu texts on city planning, with a grid layout divided into nine wards by main streets oriented along the cardinal directions. This layout aligned with the site's geography, incorporating existing roads and a natural ridge line. The new capital strengthened the region's defenses and economy by its strategic location and planned design.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II as the new capital of Amber due to safety concerns with Amber's location and increasing population. Jaipur was planned with a grid-like layout on flat land south of Amber to allow for expansion. The city was designed for defense, with natural barriers of hills to the north and east. Water supply was ensured through dams and channels. Over time, the city expanded beyond its original walled boundaries under later rulers in the 18th-19th centuries, adopting modern infrastructure like railways. Jaipur became an important religious and commercial center.
Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
The document summarizes the evolution and planning of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) under Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. Some key points:
- Shah Jahan established Shahjahanabad as the new Mughal capital in 1648, relocating from Agra due to issues with space and heat. The city was laid out based on principles of Hindu architecture and Islamic geometry.
- The city plan centered around the Red Fort, with major streets and markets radiating outward. Open spaces, gardens, and the Jami Masjid mosque were also incorporated into the design.
- Over time, the British took control of the city and imposed changes. However, the
Chandigarh is a planned city in India that serves as the capital of Punjab and Haryana. It was designed by Le Corbusier in the 1950s as a modernist experiment in urban planning. Some key points:
- Le Corbusier divided the city into sectors separated by roads in a grid pattern. Each sector was designed to be self-sufficient with amenities like schools and shops.
- The city has distinct zones for living, working, recreation and government functions. Major landmarks include the Capitol Complex, City Center and Leisure Valley park.
- Sustainable design principles were used like solar orientation of buildings, hierarchy of green spaces and separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic. However
Chandigarh was established as the capital of the new states of Punjab and Haryana in India. It was planned by the French architect Le Corbusier as a modernist planned city based on concepts of functional zoning and urban design. The city was divided into sectors based on Corbusier's concepts, with strict separation of residential, industrial, and recreational areas. Key features included superblocks, open green spaces, and a hierarchical road network designed for segregated pedestrian and vehicular movement. While pioneering modernist planning for India, the design also faced some criticism for not respecting local culture and traditions.
The document provides information about Ravindra Manch, a cultural center located in Ram Niwas Bagh, Jaipur. Some key details include:
- It was one of 17 cultural centers envisioned by Nehru and opened in 1963.
- It has facilities for performances, exhibitions, and parking.
- The site is located near Jaipur Zoo and has good connectivity.
- Existing facilities include an auditorium, open air theater, galleries, and performance areas.
- Plans and standards are presented for the building layout and facilities.
Brasilia is the capital city of Brazil, located in the Distrito Federal region. It was planned and constructed in the mid-20th century as a new planned city to replace Rio de Janeiro as the capital. Brasilia has a tropical savannah climate with an average temperature of 20.5 degrees Celsius. The population is over 2.6 million people with a density of around 435 inhabitants per square kilometer, making it one of the largest cities built in the 20th century. The city was planned with distinct sectors for different functions and an emphasis on separating vehicles and pedestrians.
The document provides information about the human settlement of Kyoto, Japan. It discusses Kyoto's location, topology, history, and urban development. Some key points:
- Kyoto is located in southern Kyoto Prefecture in Japan and has an area of 827.90km2.
- The city was originally established in 794 AD as Heian-kyo, the imperial capital of Japan, with a grid plan covering about 5km by 4.5km.
- Over time the city expanded beyond the original grid plan as people converted streets to housing. The internal structure of individual city blocks also evolved, eventually splitting into smaller sub-blocks.
- Today Kyoto has a population of
Chandigarh town planning final 24.12.16parshwa shah
Chandigarh was established as a new planned city in India to be the capital of Punjab. It was envisioned as a symbol of modern India free from traditions of the past. Le Corbusier was hired to design the city and create a master plan. He divided the city into sectors with strict zoning for residential, commercial and industrial areas. The sectors are self-sufficient units connected by a hierarchical road network. Open spaces, including a large leisure valley, were incorporated into the design. The city has grown according to the master plan and remains well-connected regionally.
Similar to casestudy-jaipurcity-191010194318.pptx (20)
Charles Babbage created the first general purpose computer called the Analytical Engine in 1842. This computer could perform basic mathematical functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division automatically. The five generations of computers are defined by the technology used in their circuitry, beginning with vacuum tubes in first generation computers from 1946-1959 and progressing to integrated circuits and then microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, reliability, speed and capabilities. Today's fifth generation computers continue to develop new technologies and applications based on artificial intelligence.
This document discusses planning and types of plans. It defines planning as determining goals and means to achieve them. Plans can be classified by scope, repetitiveness, and time dimension. By scope, plans include strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic plans determine mission and strategies, tactical plans translate strategies into tactics, and operational plans design specific activities. Plans also differ by repetitiveness, including single-use plans like budgets and projects, and standing plans used repeatedly like policies. Good planning establishes goals, anticipates the future, identifies required actions, and determines timeframes.
The document discusses the benefits of public speaking. It states that public speaking is an important skill that allows people to influence others and satisfy them with their ideas. Speaking in public gives people confidence and helps them feel more comfortable presenting over time as they get more practice. It recommends starting with small presentations to friends or coworkers before moving to larger audiences, and pushing yourself outside your comfort zone to improve public speaking abilities through practice and courses.
Urban design combines architecture, planning, and landscape architecture to address the functional and aesthetic qualities of the physical environment at various scales. It considers how people perceive and use their environment and focuses on the relationship between buildings and the public spaces they create. While architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design examines the larger community context and how outdoor areas will be used. Architects and urban planners work together, with architects designing buildings and urban planners deciding land use and its impact on surrounding areas based on community needs.
Urban design involves arranging and designing buildings, public spaces, transportation systems, services, and amenities to give form and character to neighborhoods and cities. It is a collaborative process that connects people with places through movement, urban form, nature, and the built environment. The document then discusses several principles of urban design, including character, continuity and enclosure, quality of the public realm, ease of movement, legibility, adaptability, and diversity.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts related to accounting and the time value of money. It discusses topics such as simple and compound interest, variables in interest computations, single sum and annuity problems, and complex situations like deferred annuities and bonds. The goal is for readers to understand how to apply time value of money principles to solve various accounting problems.
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The document provides an overview of Ancient Greek architecture, beginning with a historical background on the location, time period, and social characteristics of Greek civilization. It then discusses the three Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns and how temples were constructed. Key aspects of temple architecture are outlined, including the use of colonnades and cella (naos). Examples of Doric temples from different periods are described, including the Basilica at Paestum, Temple of Aphaia at Aegina, and Temple of Hera Argiva at Paestum.
Roman architecture was influenced by earlier Etruscan and Greek styles. The Romans developed architectural techniques like the true arch, vaults, and concrete which allowed for grand civic structures like aqueducts, amphitheaters, baths and basilicas. Common building materials included various types of stone, brick and decorative concrete facings. Interior spaces were highly valued with an emphasis on vaulted ceilings, arches and walls. Roman architectural ideals focused on functionality and extravagance to serve both practical needs and display power and wealth.
Modern architecture in Somaliland saw the continued use of traditional materials like coral stone and limestone, along with new materials like cement in the early modern period. Military forts and new ports were characteristic of this time. In the present, cities like Mogadishu received large projects that blended new styles harmoniously with old architecture. Parts of Mogadishu were built in the classical Italian style. Modernist hotels, government buildings, airports, and neighborhoods have been built in cities like Mogadishu, Berbera, and Bosaso using materials like chrome, steel and glass. Traditional materials are still used today along with newer ones such as limestone, glass, concrete, steel and wood.
The San Lin Yan Neiborhood project in Shanghai, China from 1996 consisted of 2092 housing units within a 19,200 square meter site area. Each of the 6-floor buildings included private parking for cars, motorbikes, and bicycles. The residential units started on the first floor to avoid flooding and the ground floor was used for additional parking and groceries. Open green spaces made up 7,600 square meters for children and exercise. The complex included one-bedroom, two-bedroom, and three-bedroom units distributed radially, linearly, and in C and W shapes around central courtyards and public amenities like schools and malls.
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The document contains numbers and codes that appear to be measurements or identifiers for different spaces in a building. Specifically, it lists numbers that could be measurements along with codes like S-01 that seem to refer to different sections or rooms, and includes labels for areas like Ministry of Information Hall, Stage, Open Space, and Reception.
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Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
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2. LOCATION OFTHE CITY
• Jaipur (Rajasthan), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was
founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II.
• Located amidst the Aravali hill ranges at an altitude of about 430m above sea level.
• Jaipur lies in Eastern Rajasthan, in the Banas River basin and forms a part of Eastern Plain
of Rajasthan.
• The eastern Rajasthan, lying to the east and south east of the Aravali divide includes the
modern administrative districts of – Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Banswara, Durgapur,
Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, Tonk, Dausa, Dholpur, Karauli,
Bharatpur andAlwar.
• Jaipur is also known as Pink City and Paris of India
3. REASONS FOR MAHARAJA SAWAI JAI SINGH
TO CHANGE HIS
CAPITAL FROM AMBER TO JAIPUR (1727)
MILITARY REASONS
• Defence
• A site at the South of Amber ensured greater
distance from Delhi.
• The out skirting hill ranges (Nahargarh hills)
shaped as a horseshoe would allow the new
city to expand only in the South.
• It was an open plain bounded on the
northwest and east by hills.
GEOGRAPHICALREASONS
• The rocky terrain of Amber restricted
expansion.
• Jaipur had the potentialities of developing
into a city with adequate drinking water
due to the presence of a perennial stream
nearby and good drainage system.
• Its rugged hills also ensured a constant
supply of building material.
Plan Section
4. The site with the natural east west ridge and
the surrounding forts as defense feature
The need of a new capital for 18th century
Dhoondhar as the earlier one of Amber built on
a hill was getting congested.
• Sawai Raja Jai Singh’s vision of the new
capital as a strong political statement at par with
Mughal cities and as a thriving trade and
commerce hub for the region.
• SITE : A valley located south of Amber and
the plains beyond, a terrain that was the bed of a
dried lake, dense forest cover to the
north and the east of the site.
• PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS : Hills on the
north that housed the fort of Jaigarh and the
Amber palace beyond, and the hills on the
east, which contained the sacred spot of Galtaji.
• WATER SUPPLY: The Darbhavati river in
the north was dammed to create the Jai Sagar
and Man Sagar (that later housed the Jal Mahal)
lakes. Later the Jhotwara River in the north west
was diverted through the Amani Shah Nallah
and a number of canals were channelized
through Brahmapuri and Jai Niwas to supply
water to the city.
5. PLANNING OF THE CITY
• Jaipur has a linear type of
layout, wherein there is
one main street and
houses are arranged on
either side. If population
increases or more houses
are required, streets
parallel to the first street
and more cross streets are
added.
• Many urbanisms to be
one of the best planned
cities in India.
• Jaipur was painted pink
by Maharaja Man Singh
when Prince of Wales,
Later Edward VII, visited
Jaipur in 1876.
• The royal heritage of
Jaipur lives in its
architecture and culture. Ariel View Of Jaipur City
6. Unlike Dausa and Amber, the two previous capital
cities of the Dhoondhar region established on hilltop,
whose planning was guided by topographical
structure of the areas, Jaipur city was revolutionary
both in terms of its grid-iron pattern planning and its
location at the base of the hills.
• There was also a significant economic shift from
an agricultural base in Dausa and Amber to trading
in the capital of Jaipur.
• The layout of the city of Jaipur wonderfully links
the concept of a Shastric city with the practicalities
of the chosen site.
• First, the straight line of the ridge suggested itself
as the route for one of the main east-west thorough
fares and building a road along its crest makes best
possible use of the topography for the purpose of
drainage.
• What followed then was to regularize the Amber-
Sanganer road as a north-south route at right angles
to it.
• The point of intersection would be one of the city’s
main cross-roads (chaupar). The Intersection Of The Axes To Define
The Badi Chaupar (City Square).
7. • A road cutting the plain from N to S linking
Amber, the capital to Sanganer, the
principal trading town. This road had to be
preserved and controlled and therefore had
to fall within the city’s boundaries.
• A second road ran E to W between the
Mughal cities of Agra and Ajmer and
placing the new city on this already
established communication line would help
secure its economic success. However since
this was an imperial road that could not be
encroached on, thus the city had to be
contained to the north of this line.
• Also, a natural ridge runs across the plain,
N of the road and parallel to it, in a roughly
EW alignment (with a slight deviation of15
deg. from the cardinal axes). The area to its
S is flat while that to its N slopes down
gently. In Shastric terms, this is an ideal
arrangement as declivity towards the North-
East is considered the best site. In practical
terms, the ridge too had to be
accommodated. Ends of The Roads Marked By Gates In The City Wall
8. PHYSICALPLANNING
AND DESIGN
Residential neighborhood planning concept was
Mohallas which act as module for urban growth.
Safe, secure, living environment is created where
individuals have their own horizon to flourish and
grow.
FOLLOWING MAJOR FACTORSARE
ALSO CONSIDERED
1. CONTOURAND TOPOGRAPHY
2. STORM WATER DRAINAGE
3. CLIMATE
4. HYDOLOGYAND SOIL
5. CONTEXT
Sun path , Wind direction given atmost importance.
SUN PATH
9. CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
• It is a model of town planning the first planned city in India. It is based on Hindu systems
of town planning and followed the principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient
Indian treatise on architecture .according to this shastra the site should be divided into grids
or mandalas ranging from 2 x 2 to 10 x 10.
• Planned according to the Prastara type of layout, which gives prominence to the cardinal
directions.
• Thus plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3 x 3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets.
10. • The central axis of the town was laid
Suraj pol) and the moon( Chandpol
• This was crossed by two roads at
almost equally sized blocks, which
angles.
• By building the western boundary
a continuous line of defence.
• The mandala could not be complete
• On the other hand in the SE an extra
the city and the eastern hills.
from East to West between the gates of the Sun (
).
right angles dividing the town into nine almost square,
were further sub divided by lanes and alleys all at right
of the city right up to the hill’s southern apex, it provided
in the NW due to the presence of the hills.
square has been added that plugged the gap between
11. • South of the main road were four almost equal rectangles. The rectangle opposite the palace
has been broken up into two equal and smaller rectangles by the Chaura Rasta. Thus
altogether there are now five rectangles on the south of the main road called Chowkris.
• On the North of the main road from West to East are the Purani Basti, the Palace and
Ramchandraji.
• The principal bazaar leads from the western gate in the city wall, The Chand Pole, passing
in
front of the Tripolia Gate, to the eastern city gate, the Suraj Pole.
1. RAMCHANDRASI 2. GANGAPOI CHAUKRI 3. TALKATORA 4. TOPKHANA
HAZURI 5. PURANI BASTI 6. TOPKHANA DESH 7. MODI KHANA / VISHESHWARJI
8. GHAT DARWAZA9. PALACE
12. • The palace building covered two blocks, the town six and the remaining ninth block was not
usable on account of steep hills. So this North-West ward was transferred to the South-East
corner of the city, making the shape of the plan as a whole asymmetrical rather than square.
• The city’s division into nine wards was also in conformity with the Hindu caste system,
which necessitated the segregation of people belonging to different communities and ranks.
• Even the lanes were named
after the occupations of
inhabitants such as
Maniharon ka Rasta,
Thakaron ka Rasta & many
others.
• Following the directions of
the Hindu Shilpa shastra,
width of the main streets &
other lanes were fixed.
Thus the main streets of the
city were 111ft. wide,
secondary streets 55 ft.
wide & the smaller ones
27ft. wide.
The Map Of Early Planned City Of Jaipur
13. ROAD NETWORK
• Jaipur’s road network
follows a definite
hierarchy.
• The major East - West and
North - South road, form
the sector boundaries and
are called Rajmarg as they
lead to the city gates.
• These measure 33m. wide.
• Next there is a network of
16.5m wide which runs
North - South in each
sector linking the internal
areas of the sectors to the
major activity spine.
• An orthogonal grid of
8.25m x 4.00m roads in
the Prastara-chessboard
pattern further divide
sectors into Mohallas. PUBLIC SPACES
• Chaupar • Bazaars • Mohallas • Streets • Temples
14. • First order street defines the sector size, second order street defines the neighborhood or
block. Gridiron system is used for road network for procession paths, which is relevant
today for vehicular traffic.
• Further in present system of hierarchy of roads problems related to traffic are minimum.
Internal road network have hierarchy in terms of access and privacy, hence at the same time
safe neighborhood is created. All the streets have certain character that creates every street
identifiable.
15. CHAUPAR
• A square that occurs at the
intersection of east west roads with
three north south roads.
• 100m x 100m
• Used for public gathering on festive
occasions.
• The distance between two chaupars is
about 700m which is ideal for
pedestrian movement.
• It has controlled façade treatment
enveloping it.
BAZAAR
• Originally only four bazaars
were planned for the city.
• These were later named as Johri
bazaar, Sireh Deori Bazaar,
Kishan Pole Bazaar & Gangori
Bazaar.
16. STREETSCAPESAND CHOWKS
• The main markets, havelis and temples on the
main streets in Jaipur were constructed by the
state in the 18th century, thus ensuring that a
uniform street facade is maintained. The widths
of roads were predetermined.
• Junctions of the main axial streets formed the
two square civic open spaces called chaupars
(Badi chaupar and Chhoti chaupar). The width of
the square chaupars was three times that of the
main street.
• Historically, the chaupars were outlets for intense
social use with water structures connected by
underground aqueducts, supplying numerous
sources of drinking water at street level.
Presently, the centre of each chaupar has square
enclosures with ornamental fountains.
• The streets and chowks (central open squares in a
town) of the internal chowkries (sectors) with
numerous clusters or mohallas were not
predetermined; hence show a mix of grid iron
and organic pattern, with the basic unit of built
form being the rectangular haveli.
View of Main Bazaar Street
View of a Chaupar
17. MOHALLAS - Street and dwelling unit
relationship
TEMPLES
Galtaji Temple
Birla Temple
18. REGULATIONSAND
GUIDELINES
Only main roads, major public spaces are controlled.
Interior of sector offers enough flexibility to individual
with freedom to express with moderate control.
Larger buildings on the periphery and smaller ones
in the interiors.
Structures always built in
proportion to the roads widths.
19. AMENITIES
• Amenities are provided with
respect to king and upper class
instead of common man.
• Amenities are provided on main
road, within 5 minute walking
distance.
• Placement of amenities was done
with respect to function, use and
traffic.
• Further juxtaposition has created
distinct nodes and activity
landmarks, which ultimately has
created defined path.
• Thus socially interactive spaces
are created by design, built form
definition, open space pattern and
road pattern.
Interaction Space
20. PATTERN, PLACEMENTAND JUXTAPOSITION OF
ROADS, AMENITIES AND OR OPEN SPACE
• “Pattern” is formed when all the sectors
come together. Further there is coherence
between different sectors having enough
variety.
• There are binding elements like road
pattern, road hierarchy, built form and
open space system. These strong elements
create a whole. Open spaces are
distributed, located, allocated as per,
Hierarchy
User group
Serving area
Sense of enclosure
Road front is
commercial
21. ARCHITECTURE OF JAIPUR
• The main architect of this palace built of red and pink sandstone, is Lal Chand Ustad and
the palace is believed to have been constructed in the form of the crown of Krishna, the
Hindu god. Considered as an embodiment of Rajputana architecture, the main highlight
of Hawa Mahal is its pyramid shape and its 953 windows or 'Jharokhas' which are
decorated with intricate designs.
• The main intention behind the construction of the Mahal was to facilitate the royal
women and provide them a view of everyday life through the windows, as they never
appeared in public.
HAWAMAHAL
22. • Hawa Mahal, designed as a beehive castle with small windows, has a height of 50 feet
from its base.
• This structure, erected on a thin shield or podium approximately fifty feet high, has
walls
less than a foot thick.
• Constructed of red and pink sandstones by Lal Chand Ustad.
• Hawa Mahal is famous for its windows or 'Jharokhas' which enable free circulation of
air
within the structure.
ELEVATION OF TREATMENT
OF HAWA MAHAL
JHAROKHAS
23. VIEW OF THE CITY FROM
HAWAMAHAL
COURTYARD
PLANNING
• Its entrance is a door which leads to a spacious courtyard surrounded by two-storey
buildings on three sides. Of the five storeys of the Mahal, the top three storeys have
the thickness of a single room while the bottom storeys have courtyards.
• The interior of the Hawa Mahal is stark and plain with passages and pillars reaching
to the top storey. The building does not have stairs to reach the upper floors; the
storeys are connected by slopes. From Hawa Mahal, you have an excellent view of the
city.
24. AMER FORT
Architectural Layout
The structure has four
different parts, each with a
separate entrance. The main
entry to the fort is through the
'Suraj Pol' or Sun Gate which
opens up into the main
courtyard.
This east-facing gate is also
the main entrance to the
palace and its position with respect to the rising sun is the source of its name. The 'Jaleb
Chowk' is one of the four courtyards of the Amer Palace. The 'Sila Devi' Temple is right at
the entrance to the main palace grounds. The second courtyard is famous for its 'Diwan-i-
Aam' (Public Audience Hall), the 'Sheesh Mahal' and the 'Sukh Mahal'. A very famous
attraction here is the 'Magic Flower', a fresco carved out of marble.
25. 'Diwan-i-Aam' (Public Audience Hall)
It has forty pillars and is
a best example of
intricate craftsmanship.
The wide assembly hall
measures 201′ by 67′
and has flat roof with
two gateways of arched
red sandstone to the
north and south. The
hall is divided in three parts and has nine bold arches. This is built in red sandstone and is
plastered with white shell plaster which looks like white marble. There is also a raised
rectangular stage from where the emperor used to address the audience.