The world's population is growing larger, older, and sicker, placing increasing challenges on healthcare systems to expand access to care with finite resources. Chronic diseases now account for 70% of illnesses, and the population over 50 will increase by over 500 million by 2025. Healthcare systems face constraints like aging populations, growing disease burdens, and limited budgets. However, new medical technologies in development and advances in data analytics provide optimism for healthier futures. Key questions remain around how to introduce high-value innovations and make systems more sustainable.