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The Big Idea: A new way to
measure housing affordability
        Roger Valdez
Housing affordability versus
      affordable housing
“In Britain and the United States,
affordability is often expressed in terms
of ‘affordable housing.’ But
affordability is not a characteristic of
housing—it is a relationship between
housing and people.”

Michael E. Stone, What Is Housing Affordability? The Case for the
Residual Income Approach, University of Massachusetts–Boston
How do we measure housing
   affordability today?

The Housing Cost Income Ratio (HCIR)

HCIR is used as both an indicator and a
normative standard.

Housing is affordable if a person pays 30
percent or less of their monthly income for
housing.
The Simpson’s housing affordability according to HCIR
Homer earns:

$60,000 in annual income
$ 5,000 in monthly income

Homer spends per month:

$1500 on housing (30 percent of his income)
$2000 on donuts
$2000 on beer
$1000 on other food                         Homer spends $6500 a month
                                            but he only earns $5000 a
                                            month.

                                          He is $1500 behind each
                                          month

                                          But based on the HCIR
                                          approach is housing is
                                          affordable.

                                          He’s doing just fine.
The Residual Income Approach
“A household has a housing affordability
problem if it cannot meet its non-housing
needs at some basic level of adequacy
after paying for housing.”
Michael E. Stone, What Is Housing Affordability? The Case for the
Residual Income Approach, University of Massachusetts–Boston
The Simpson’s housing affordability using the residual income approach
Homer earns:

$60,000 in annual income
$ 5,000 in monthly income

Homer spends per month:

$1500 on housing (30 percent of his income)
$2000 on donuts
$2000 on beer
$1000 on other food                         Homer spends $6500 a month but
                                            he only earns $5000 a month.

                                            He is $1500 behind each month

                                            Homer doesn’t have enough
                                            money left over after paying his
                                            housing costs to pay for other
                                            important, essential things.

                                            He needs housing assistance.
                                            Or maybe he needs help buying
                                            donuts.
Affordability: A real and serious problem
Family of three earns:

$42,000 in annual income
$ 3,500 in monthly income

Family spends per month1:

Housing                     963
Child Care                  884
Food                        668
Transportation              144
Health Care                 395                  This family spends $3869 a month
Miscellaneous               305                  but only earns $3500 a month.
Taxes                       510
                                                 They are $369 behind each
                                                 month, even though their housing
                                                 costs are less than 30 percent of
                                                 their monthly income(28
                                                 percent).

                                                 Do they need assistance with
                                                 housing or childcare?
                                     1
                                      Figures from Diana Pierce, The Self-Sufficiency Standard for King
                                     County (City of Seattle), WA 2009
The Residual Income Approach
Removes the assumption of a market failure (the idea that the market isn’t
producing affordability)

More comprehensively accounts for poverty and allows for better
interventions (higher wages, better health care, better child care)

Accounts for transportation and other costs that go down when living in a
compact neighborhood

Removes pressure on housing market to produce a product that many
people may not want to buy or rent (people live where they live for the
schools, proximity to work and the neighborhood not an income ratio)

This approach would allow a focus on better multifamily housing (like
courtyard housing) that is energy efficient and family friendly, even if it is
slightly more expensive than other products.
Location Efficiency




Center for Neighborhood Technology has a page that compares housing
costs in the region based on median income (about $50,000),
transportation, and housing costs.
Location Efficiency
              Annual Income: $45,000
              Household Size: 1
              Interest Rate %: 6.778

              Good credit and enough
              funds for a 3% down
              payment and a buyer
              might qualify for an
              additional $40,575 on a
              mortgage in this
              neighborhood.

              This is How Much More
              House you can Afford!

              From www.locationefficiency. com
Should we redefine affordability?
Thank you
for listening!

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The Big Idea

  • 1. The Big Idea: A new way to measure housing affordability Roger Valdez
  • 2. Housing affordability versus affordable housing “In Britain and the United States, affordability is often expressed in terms of ‘affordable housing.’ But affordability is not a characteristic of housing—it is a relationship between housing and people.” Michael E. Stone, What Is Housing Affordability? The Case for the Residual Income Approach, University of Massachusetts–Boston
  • 3. How do we measure housing affordability today? The Housing Cost Income Ratio (HCIR) HCIR is used as both an indicator and a normative standard. Housing is affordable if a person pays 30 percent or less of their monthly income for housing.
  • 4. The Simpson’s housing affordability according to HCIR Homer earns: $60,000 in annual income $ 5,000 in monthly income Homer spends per month: $1500 on housing (30 percent of his income) $2000 on donuts $2000 on beer $1000 on other food Homer spends $6500 a month but he only earns $5000 a month. He is $1500 behind each month But based on the HCIR approach is housing is affordable. He’s doing just fine.
  • 5. The Residual Income Approach “A household has a housing affordability problem if it cannot meet its non-housing needs at some basic level of adequacy after paying for housing.” Michael E. Stone, What Is Housing Affordability? The Case for the Residual Income Approach, University of Massachusetts–Boston
  • 6. The Simpson’s housing affordability using the residual income approach Homer earns: $60,000 in annual income $ 5,000 in monthly income Homer spends per month: $1500 on housing (30 percent of his income) $2000 on donuts $2000 on beer $1000 on other food Homer spends $6500 a month but he only earns $5000 a month. He is $1500 behind each month Homer doesn’t have enough money left over after paying his housing costs to pay for other important, essential things. He needs housing assistance. Or maybe he needs help buying donuts.
  • 7. Affordability: A real and serious problem Family of three earns: $42,000 in annual income $ 3,500 in monthly income Family spends per month1: Housing 963 Child Care 884 Food 668 Transportation 144 Health Care 395 This family spends $3869 a month Miscellaneous 305 but only earns $3500 a month. Taxes 510 They are $369 behind each month, even though their housing costs are less than 30 percent of their monthly income(28 percent). Do they need assistance with housing or childcare? 1 Figures from Diana Pierce, The Self-Sufficiency Standard for King County (City of Seattle), WA 2009
  • 8. The Residual Income Approach Removes the assumption of a market failure (the idea that the market isn’t producing affordability) More comprehensively accounts for poverty and allows for better interventions (higher wages, better health care, better child care) Accounts for transportation and other costs that go down when living in a compact neighborhood Removes pressure on housing market to produce a product that many people may not want to buy or rent (people live where they live for the schools, proximity to work and the neighborhood not an income ratio) This approach would allow a focus on better multifamily housing (like courtyard housing) that is energy efficient and family friendly, even if it is slightly more expensive than other products.
  • 9. Location Efficiency Center for Neighborhood Technology has a page that compares housing costs in the region based on median income (about $50,000), transportation, and housing costs.
  • 10. Location Efficiency Annual Income: $45,000 Household Size: 1 Interest Rate %: 6.778 Good credit and enough funds for a 3% down payment and a buyer might qualify for an additional $40,575 on a mortgage in this neighborhood. This is How Much More House you can Afford! From www.locationefficiency. com
  • 11. Should we redefine affordability?
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