The document discusses different approaches to measuring housing affordability. The traditional Housing Cost Income Ratio (HCIR) considers housing affordable if a household spends 30% or less of their income on housing. However, this does not account for other living expenses. The Residual Income Approach argues housing is only affordable if a household can afford other basic needs after paying for housing. Using Homer Simpson's finances as an example, the HCIR considers his housing affordable but the Residual Income Approach shows he cannot afford other necessities. The document advocates using the Residual Income Approach to better assess affordability problems and target assistance.