This document is an order from the High Court of Gujarat regarding two petitions challenging sections of the Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act, 2003 as amended in 2021. The court heard arguments from both petitioners and the state government. While the full case is still pending, the court issued an interim order stating that pending further hearings, marriages solemnized between people of different religions without force, allurement or fraud cannot be termed unlawful conversions under the Act, and the couples cannot be prosecuted under the related sections merely for having an inter-faith marriage. The court found that the amended Act could infringe upon individuals' rights to marriage and religious choice under the Constitution.
The Supreme Court allowed a writ petition challenging detention of a petitioner under the National Security Act, 1980. The petitioner was detained based on two FIRs related to obstructing revenue officials and threatening them, but the Court found no evidence to justify detention under the Act, which is meant for anti-social and anti-national elements that pose a grave threat to national security, public order or essential services. The Court quashed the detention proceedings and directed that the petitioner be released from jail immediately.
The court document discusses a case involving a woman, Thakor Devrajbhai Ramanbhai, who had married the petitioner but was pressured by her family to deny the marriage. In court, the woman stated that she had married of her own will but was scared of her family's reaction. The court observed that she seemed fearful of her father and brother. The court confirmed that the petitioner's prior marriage had been dissolved customarily. The court cited past rulings establishing the right to marry by personal choice. It granted the couple protection for 4 weeks and directed the police to ensure their safety and escort them from the court.
I. The Supreme Court granted a divorce in the absence of legislation on the grounds of irretrievable breakdown of marriage, exercising its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution.
II. Article 142 grants the Supreme Court broad authority to pass orders required to provide complete justice in any matter before it. In this case, the marriage had failed soon after solemnization and the parties had lived separately for nearly 20 years.
III. While the legislature had not included irretrievable breakdown as a ground for divorce, the Supreme Court relied on Article 142 to dissolve the marriage in order to provide complete justice, as there was no chance of reconciliation between the parties after such a long separation.
The document is a court order from the High Court of Punjab and Haryana regarding a criminal writ petition filed by two petitioners (Priyapreet Kaur and another) seeking protection of their life and liberty from respondent numbers 4 to 6 under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Both petitioners are major but living in a live-in relationship which is unacceptable to the respondents. The court order directs the Senior Superintendent of Police to take action on the petitioners' representation and ensure protection of their life and liberty as adults living together by choice, while expressing no view on the validity of their relationship.
Orissa HC Orders family pension to a transwomensabrangsabrang
The petitioner, a transgender woman, filed a writ petition seeking family pension benefits after the death of her parents as provided under state pension rules for unmarried daughters. The court analyzed international human rights law and a Supreme Court judgment recognizing transgender rights. It found the petitioner was eligible for family pension as her right to identify as a woman was recognized. It directed responsible authorities to process and sanction the petitioner's family pension application within 6 weeks as per applicable laws and the Supreme Court judgment.
1. The petitioner challenged his detention order passed under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act.
2. The court analyzed previous cases that distinguish between disturbance of law and order versus public order.
3. The court found that the offenses alleged against the petitioner were not sufficient to show his actions affected public order as required by the Act. Registration of FIRs alone could not invoke powers under the Act.
4. No other relevant evidence was provided to show the petitioner disturbed public order. Therefore, the court allowed the petition and quashed the detention order.
1. The petitioners, a married couple, filed a habeas corpus petition claiming the detenue's (wife's) father was illegally preventing her from living with her husband. Both parties are adults who married willingly. The father accepted the wife's decision to live with her husband.
2. However, the couple expressed that the notice and objection period required under the Special Marriage Act to solemnize their marriage would invade their privacy and cause unnecessary social interference and pressure regarding their choice of partner.
3. The court must consider the issues raised regarding the rights of individuals to life and liberty in choosing a marriage partner without undue notice and objection periods required under law. The provisions of the Special Marriage Act may need
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS TOWARDS THEDISPENSATION OFCHILD MARRIAGEAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Underage marriage is regulated in article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number (No). 1 of 1974 about
Marriage, this authority is given to the Religious Court to issue a dispensation for marriage. This study aims to
analyze the conditions for dispensation to marriage as well as to analyze the judgments of the Parepare
Religious Court in giving dispensation to marriage in Decision under the Decision Number 26/Pdt.P/2020/
PA.Pare. This study use a normative approach then analyzed with descriptive qualitative. The result ofthis study
isto show the conditions for dispensation to marriage in accordance with the provisions of Law Number (No).1
of 1974 concerning about Marriage as well as judges' considerations which emphasize the best for the children,
but didn’t explain in detail of the legal provisions which used to interpret the ideal age limit for women to
marry.
The Supreme Court allowed a writ petition challenging detention of a petitioner under the National Security Act, 1980. The petitioner was detained based on two FIRs related to obstructing revenue officials and threatening them, but the Court found no evidence to justify detention under the Act, which is meant for anti-social and anti-national elements that pose a grave threat to national security, public order or essential services. The Court quashed the detention proceedings and directed that the petitioner be released from jail immediately.
The court document discusses a case involving a woman, Thakor Devrajbhai Ramanbhai, who had married the petitioner but was pressured by her family to deny the marriage. In court, the woman stated that she had married of her own will but was scared of her family's reaction. The court observed that she seemed fearful of her father and brother. The court confirmed that the petitioner's prior marriage had been dissolved customarily. The court cited past rulings establishing the right to marry by personal choice. It granted the couple protection for 4 weeks and directed the police to ensure their safety and escort them from the court.
I. The Supreme Court granted a divorce in the absence of legislation on the grounds of irretrievable breakdown of marriage, exercising its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution.
II. Article 142 grants the Supreme Court broad authority to pass orders required to provide complete justice in any matter before it. In this case, the marriage had failed soon after solemnization and the parties had lived separately for nearly 20 years.
III. While the legislature had not included irretrievable breakdown as a ground for divorce, the Supreme Court relied on Article 142 to dissolve the marriage in order to provide complete justice, as there was no chance of reconciliation between the parties after such a long separation.
The document is a court order from the High Court of Punjab and Haryana regarding a criminal writ petition filed by two petitioners (Priyapreet Kaur and another) seeking protection of their life and liberty from respondent numbers 4 to 6 under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Both petitioners are major but living in a live-in relationship which is unacceptable to the respondents. The court order directs the Senior Superintendent of Police to take action on the petitioners' representation and ensure protection of their life and liberty as adults living together by choice, while expressing no view on the validity of their relationship.
Orissa HC Orders family pension to a transwomensabrangsabrang
The petitioner, a transgender woman, filed a writ petition seeking family pension benefits after the death of her parents as provided under state pension rules for unmarried daughters. The court analyzed international human rights law and a Supreme Court judgment recognizing transgender rights. It found the petitioner was eligible for family pension as her right to identify as a woman was recognized. It directed responsible authorities to process and sanction the petitioner's family pension application within 6 weeks as per applicable laws and the Supreme Court judgment.
1. The petitioner challenged his detention order passed under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act.
2. The court analyzed previous cases that distinguish between disturbance of law and order versus public order.
3. The court found that the offenses alleged against the petitioner were not sufficient to show his actions affected public order as required by the Act. Registration of FIRs alone could not invoke powers under the Act.
4. No other relevant evidence was provided to show the petitioner disturbed public order. Therefore, the court allowed the petition and quashed the detention order.
1. The petitioners, a married couple, filed a habeas corpus petition claiming the detenue's (wife's) father was illegally preventing her from living with her husband. Both parties are adults who married willingly. The father accepted the wife's decision to live with her husband.
2. However, the couple expressed that the notice and objection period required under the Special Marriage Act to solemnize their marriage would invade their privacy and cause unnecessary social interference and pressure regarding their choice of partner.
3. The court must consider the issues raised regarding the rights of individuals to life and liberty in choosing a marriage partner without undue notice and objection periods required under law. The provisions of the Special Marriage Act may need
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS TOWARDS THEDISPENSATION OFCHILD MARRIAGEAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Underage marriage is regulated in article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number (No). 1 of 1974 about
Marriage, this authority is given to the Religious Court to issue a dispensation for marriage. This study aims to
analyze the conditions for dispensation to marriage as well as to analyze the judgments of the Parepare
Religious Court in giving dispensation to marriage in Decision under the Decision Number 26/Pdt.P/2020/
PA.Pare. This study use a normative approach then analyzed with descriptive qualitative. The result ofthis study
isto show the conditions for dispensation to marriage in accordance with the provisions of Law Number (No).1
of 1974 concerning about Marriage as well as judges' considerations which emphasize the best for the children,
but didn’t explain in detail of the legal provisions which used to interpret the ideal age limit for women to
marry.
1) The appellant Karansinh Vaghela was detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act for offenses related to alcohol prohibition.
2) The High Court quashed the detention order, finding that a single offense was not sufficient to classify the appellant as a "bootlegger" under the law or show that his activities affected public order.
3) The Court held that detention requires more than a mere disturbance of law and order - it must be shown that the activities would affect the community or public interest more broadly. This was not established based on a single offense.
The slides discuss in detail the concept of Restitution of Conjugal Rights in Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Parsi laws. Useful for Law Students and professionals.
This document is a court order from the High Court of Delhi regarding a petition seeking to quash an FIR for rape and other related offenses. The petitioner and complainant had entered into a compromise agreement and were seeking to quash the case. However, the court denied the request to quash the FIR, noting that rape is a serious offense against society. The court found that the petitioner had misrepresented his identity and there was evidence he had forged documents related to their marriage. The court held it could not quash the case solely on the basis of a compromise between the parties for such a serious offense.
The petitioners sought to quash an FIR registered under Section 366 IPC (kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage) regarding the petitioner no. 1, a 21-year-old woman. The court noted that the petitioners were both major and the woman had left home willingly to marry petitioner no. 2. While the validity of the marriage was not an issue in this case, the court ruled that interfering in the personal relationship of two consenting adults would violate their right to life and liberty under Article 21. Citing a previous ruling, the court affirmed the right of individuals to live with a partner of their choice irrespective of religion. Therefore, the court allowed the petition and quashed
Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
On 16 October 2023, the Constitutional Court granted the judicial review petition on Article 169 letter q of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections through Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Despite the final and binding nature of the Constitutional Court's decision, which opens the opportunity for presidential (Capres) and vice-presidential (Cawapres) candidates under the age of 40 who have held or are holding regional leadership positions, this decision has sparked controversy among various groups. Among them, civil society coalitions have expressed concern that this decision may undermine the electoral process. The decision is feared to have implications on a democratic system in Indonesia. Find out more our insights about this topic in our Legal Brief publication.
This document is a court order from the High Court of Judicature at Bombay regarding a criminal application to quash an FIR. The court order summarizes the arguments made by the applicant's lawyer to quash the FIR on the grounds that the original informant is now agreeable to settle the dispute. However, the court expresses skepticism about the compromise, noting concerns that the informant may have been coerced. The court ultimately denies the application, finding that accepting such a compromise would not be in the interest of justice and could discourage female employees from reporting harassment.
- The petitioner was detained in prison for over 14 years after being acquitted by a court. He filed a habeas corpus petition under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution seeking release and compensation for his illegal detention.
- The Supreme Court of India noted that the petitioner's detention after acquittal was unjustified and that Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees right to life and liberty, would be meaningless if the court could not order compensation for violations of fundamental rights.
- The court ordered the state government of Bihar to pay interim compensation of Rs. 30,000 to the petitioner for his unlawful incarceration of over 14 years, in addition to the Rs. 5,000 already paid. However, the petitioner could still
This document is a high court order regarding a writ petition filed by three widows seeking compensation for the death of their husbands who were manual scavengers. The court notes that manual scavenging is prohibited by law and those engaged in it are entitled to rehabilitation. It discusses the relevant laws and state government policies on compensation. While the state argues the developer and contractor should pay, the court observes the state also holds responsibility. It directs the government lawyer to immediately pay interim compensation of Rs. 1,25,000 to each petitioner, while holding all respondents including the housing society responsible for fully paying the mandated Rs. 10 lakhs compensation per petitioner.
The High Court delivered an order in three criminal revision petitions filed against the orders of a Sessions Court rejecting applications for discharge. The revision petitioner was charged with offenses under the Indian Penal Code and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act for being a member of a banned Maoist organization. The key issues were whether there was delay in sanction by the government violating timelines under the rules, and if so whether it vitiated cognizance taken by the special court. The court heard arguments on whether the timelines were mandatory or directory, and if the delayed sanctions invalidated prosecution of the petitioner.
This judgment involves a petition filed by Swati Rajiv Goswami seeking publication of rules framed by the police under Section 33 of the Gujarat Police Act, 1951 as well as publication and online access to all rules, regulations, instructions, manuals, and records used by the police. The petitioner's request for permission to hold a peaceful protest was denied by the police. When the petitioner sought information about the rules under which the request was processed, the information was refused. The court examines whether the petitioner has a right to know the rules under which police regulate public assemblies and processions.
29 नवंबर को, महाराष्ट्र प्रशासनिक न्यायाधिकरण (MAT) ने सरकारी रोजगार में ट्रांसजेंडर आरक्षण और ऑनलाइन आवेदन पत्रों में "थर्ड जेंडर" के विकल्प को शामिल करने के मुद्दे पर अपना फैसला सुनाया।
The petitioners, an 18-year-old female and 19-year-old male, entered into a deed of live-in relationship but had not attained the legal age of marriage. The court dismissed the petition, finding that the terms of the live-in relationship stated it was not a marital relationship, which is impermissible under law as the parties had not reached the age to marry. The court also noted that the agreement went against provisions prohibiting child marriage and restricting marriage based on age. As the live-in relationship agreement was void and against public policy, no benefits could be claimed by the petitioners.
The document discusses a writ petition challenging an order that externally a petitioner under the Uttar Pradesh Control of Goondas Act, 1970. It discusses the petitioner's right to challenge the order even though the 6-month externment period has ended. It analyzes precedent case law and concludes that the right to reputation is part of the right to life under the Indian Constitution. Therefore, the petitioner is entitled to question the validity of the externment order due to its stigmatic effect, even after it has expired.
The petitioner filed a petition in the Delhi High Court to quash an FIR registered against him for offenses of sexual harassment and criminal intimidation. The court notes that the complainant and petitioner have settled the matter amicably. While the court acknowledges the settlement, it directs the petitioner to perform one month of community service at a de-addiction center. The petitioner is also fined Rs. 100,000 to be paid to various organizations. The court disposes of the petition after these directions, warning the petitioner not to engage in such behavior again.
special marriage act by abdul rahman.pptxmootcourtstlc
The Special Marriage Act, 1954 was enacted by independent India to establish a uniform civil code for marriage that protects secularism. The Act provides an alternative to religious personal laws by allowing individuals to marry through a civil contract regardless of religion. It aims to legalize inter-religious and inter-caste marriages by establishing a special form of marriage by registration without any religious ceremonies. The key objectives are to provide for special marriages, registration of marriages, and divorce.
The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal challenging bail conditions imposed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court in a sexual assault case that required the accused to visit the complainant's house with sweets and gifts. The appellants argued such conditions trivialize the trauma of survivors and affect their dignity. The court examined several other cases where judges made insensitive remarks or encouraged compromise through marriage in rape and sexual assault cases. It discussed the need to sensitize courts and ensure bail conditions do not permit contact between accused and survivor or affect the fair trial in any way. The Attorney General also submitted guidelines for courts to consider while granting bail in crimes against women.
This document summarizes a Supreme Court of India judgement regarding bail conditions imposed in sexual assault cases. The Court heard a challenge to a High Court order imposing the condition that the accused and his wife visit the survivor's home with gifts. The Court discussed how some judicial decisions reflect entrenched misogynistic attitudes. It cited several other problematic judgements where courts encouraged compromise or marriage in rape/sexual assault cases, or made insensitive remarks about survivors. The Court aimed to address such attitudes and clarify that no conditions should disrespect survivors or influence trials in these serious crimes.
Suhail rashid bhat v state of jammu and kashmirsabrangsabrang
This document is a high court judgment from Jammu and Kashmir analyzing the constitutionality of the state's Prevention of Beggary Act and Rules. It provides an overview of the petitioner's arguments against the law and the state's responses. The judgment then analyzes the law's potential violations of various fundamental rights like life, liberty, equality and dignity guaranteed by the Indian constitution. It examines historical context and the law's scope, impact and alternatives in great detail over 22 headings before reaching its conclusions.
उत्तर प्रदेश में अंतरधार्मिक जोड़े और जिनके पास विवाह पंजीकरण प्रमाण नहीं है, वे स्वयं को संवैधानिक अधिकारों के अभाव में पाते हैं क्योंकि इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय ने पुलिस सुरक्षा के लिए उनकी याचिकाओं को चुनिंदा रूप से खारिज कर दिया है।
1) The appellant Karansinh Vaghela was detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act for offenses related to alcohol prohibition.
2) The High Court quashed the detention order, finding that a single offense was not sufficient to classify the appellant as a "bootlegger" under the law or show that his activities affected public order.
3) The Court held that detention requires more than a mere disturbance of law and order - it must be shown that the activities would affect the community or public interest more broadly. This was not established based on a single offense.
The slides discuss in detail the concept of Restitution of Conjugal Rights in Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Parsi laws. Useful for Law Students and professionals.
This document is a court order from the High Court of Delhi regarding a petition seeking to quash an FIR for rape and other related offenses. The petitioner and complainant had entered into a compromise agreement and were seeking to quash the case. However, the court denied the request to quash the FIR, noting that rape is a serious offense against society. The court found that the petitioner had misrepresented his identity and there was evidence he had forged documents related to their marriage. The court held it could not quash the case solely on the basis of a compromise between the parties for such a serious offense.
The petitioners sought to quash an FIR registered under Section 366 IPC (kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage) regarding the petitioner no. 1, a 21-year-old woman. The court noted that the petitioners were both major and the woman had left home willingly to marry petitioner no. 2. While the validity of the marriage was not an issue in this case, the court ruled that interfering in the personal relationship of two consenting adults would violate their right to life and liberty under Article 21. Citing a previous ruling, the court affirmed the right of individuals to live with a partner of their choice irrespective of religion. Therefore, the court allowed the petition and quashed
Current Affairs for Civil Services and other state level exams. for more query please contact us: 9454721860
and also visit our website : www.iasnext.com
and follow for more on instagram and facebook
On 16 October 2023, the Constitutional Court granted the judicial review petition on Article 169 letter q of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections through Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Despite the final and binding nature of the Constitutional Court's decision, which opens the opportunity for presidential (Capres) and vice-presidential (Cawapres) candidates under the age of 40 who have held or are holding regional leadership positions, this decision has sparked controversy among various groups. Among them, civil society coalitions have expressed concern that this decision may undermine the electoral process. The decision is feared to have implications on a democratic system in Indonesia. Find out more our insights about this topic in our Legal Brief publication.
This document is a court order from the High Court of Judicature at Bombay regarding a criminal application to quash an FIR. The court order summarizes the arguments made by the applicant's lawyer to quash the FIR on the grounds that the original informant is now agreeable to settle the dispute. However, the court expresses skepticism about the compromise, noting concerns that the informant may have been coerced. The court ultimately denies the application, finding that accepting such a compromise would not be in the interest of justice and could discourage female employees from reporting harassment.
- The petitioner was detained in prison for over 14 years after being acquitted by a court. He filed a habeas corpus petition under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution seeking release and compensation for his illegal detention.
- The Supreme Court of India noted that the petitioner's detention after acquittal was unjustified and that Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees right to life and liberty, would be meaningless if the court could not order compensation for violations of fundamental rights.
- The court ordered the state government of Bihar to pay interim compensation of Rs. 30,000 to the petitioner for his unlawful incarceration of over 14 years, in addition to the Rs. 5,000 already paid. However, the petitioner could still
This document is a high court order regarding a writ petition filed by three widows seeking compensation for the death of their husbands who were manual scavengers. The court notes that manual scavenging is prohibited by law and those engaged in it are entitled to rehabilitation. It discusses the relevant laws and state government policies on compensation. While the state argues the developer and contractor should pay, the court observes the state also holds responsibility. It directs the government lawyer to immediately pay interim compensation of Rs. 1,25,000 to each petitioner, while holding all respondents including the housing society responsible for fully paying the mandated Rs. 10 lakhs compensation per petitioner.
The High Court delivered an order in three criminal revision petitions filed against the orders of a Sessions Court rejecting applications for discharge. The revision petitioner was charged with offenses under the Indian Penal Code and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act for being a member of a banned Maoist organization. The key issues were whether there was delay in sanction by the government violating timelines under the rules, and if so whether it vitiated cognizance taken by the special court. The court heard arguments on whether the timelines were mandatory or directory, and if the delayed sanctions invalidated prosecution of the petitioner.
This judgment involves a petition filed by Swati Rajiv Goswami seeking publication of rules framed by the police under Section 33 of the Gujarat Police Act, 1951 as well as publication and online access to all rules, regulations, instructions, manuals, and records used by the police. The petitioner's request for permission to hold a peaceful protest was denied by the police. When the petitioner sought information about the rules under which the request was processed, the information was refused. The court examines whether the petitioner has a right to know the rules under which police regulate public assemblies and processions.
29 नवंबर को, महाराष्ट्र प्रशासनिक न्यायाधिकरण (MAT) ने सरकारी रोजगार में ट्रांसजेंडर आरक्षण और ऑनलाइन आवेदन पत्रों में "थर्ड जेंडर" के विकल्प को शामिल करने के मुद्दे पर अपना फैसला सुनाया।
The petitioners, an 18-year-old female and 19-year-old male, entered into a deed of live-in relationship but had not attained the legal age of marriage. The court dismissed the petition, finding that the terms of the live-in relationship stated it was not a marital relationship, which is impermissible under law as the parties had not reached the age to marry. The court also noted that the agreement went against provisions prohibiting child marriage and restricting marriage based on age. As the live-in relationship agreement was void and against public policy, no benefits could be claimed by the petitioners.
The document discusses a writ petition challenging an order that externally a petitioner under the Uttar Pradesh Control of Goondas Act, 1970. It discusses the petitioner's right to challenge the order even though the 6-month externment period has ended. It analyzes precedent case law and concludes that the right to reputation is part of the right to life under the Indian Constitution. Therefore, the petitioner is entitled to question the validity of the externment order due to its stigmatic effect, even after it has expired.
The petitioner filed a petition in the Delhi High Court to quash an FIR registered against him for offenses of sexual harassment and criminal intimidation. The court notes that the complainant and petitioner have settled the matter amicably. While the court acknowledges the settlement, it directs the petitioner to perform one month of community service at a de-addiction center. The petitioner is also fined Rs. 100,000 to be paid to various organizations. The court disposes of the petition after these directions, warning the petitioner not to engage in such behavior again.
special marriage act by abdul rahman.pptxmootcourtstlc
The Special Marriage Act, 1954 was enacted by independent India to establish a uniform civil code for marriage that protects secularism. The Act provides an alternative to religious personal laws by allowing individuals to marry through a civil contract regardless of religion. It aims to legalize inter-religious and inter-caste marriages by establishing a special form of marriage by registration without any religious ceremonies. The key objectives are to provide for special marriages, registration of marriages, and divorce.
The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal challenging bail conditions imposed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court in a sexual assault case that required the accused to visit the complainant's house with sweets and gifts. The appellants argued such conditions trivialize the trauma of survivors and affect their dignity. The court examined several other cases where judges made insensitive remarks or encouraged compromise through marriage in rape and sexual assault cases. It discussed the need to sensitize courts and ensure bail conditions do not permit contact between accused and survivor or affect the fair trial in any way. The Attorney General also submitted guidelines for courts to consider while granting bail in crimes against women.
This document summarizes a Supreme Court of India judgement regarding bail conditions imposed in sexual assault cases. The Court heard a challenge to a High Court order imposing the condition that the accused and his wife visit the survivor's home with gifts. The Court discussed how some judicial decisions reflect entrenched misogynistic attitudes. It cited several other problematic judgements where courts encouraged compromise or marriage in rape/sexual assault cases, or made insensitive remarks about survivors. The Court aimed to address such attitudes and clarify that no conditions should disrespect survivors or influence trials in these serious crimes.
Suhail rashid bhat v state of jammu and kashmirsabrangsabrang
This document is a high court judgment from Jammu and Kashmir analyzing the constitutionality of the state's Prevention of Beggary Act and Rules. It provides an overview of the petitioner's arguments against the law and the state's responses. The judgment then analyzes the law's potential violations of various fundamental rights like life, liberty, equality and dignity guaranteed by the Indian constitution. It examines historical context and the law's scope, impact and alternatives in great detail over 22 headings before reaching its conclusions.
उत्तर प्रदेश में अंतरधार्मिक जोड़े और जिनके पास विवाह पंजीकरण प्रमाण नहीं है, वे स्वयं को संवैधानिक अधिकारों के अभाव में पाते हैं क्योंकि इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय ने पुलिस सुरक्षा के लिए उनकी याचिकाओं को चुनिंदा रूप से खारिज कर दिया है।
मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय के सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीश और केंद्र और राज्य सरकार के नौकरशाहों सहित आठ अन्य लोगों की अध्यक्षता वाली एक उच्च स्तरीय समिति ने 2021 में NEET परीक्षा को खत्म करने की सिफारिश की थी। महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि रिपोर्ट में 2010-11 में ग्रामीण पृष्ठभूमि से तमिल छात्रों की संख्या में 61.5% की भारी गिरावट को दर्शाया गया है। इसके बजाय मेट्रो छात्रों में वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है।
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Apna Punjab Media is a Punjabi newspaper that covers local and global news, cultural updates, and community events. It's a trusted source for Punjabi-speaking communities, offering a mix of traditional values and modern insights into Punjab's vibrant life and heritage.
19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
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What do you think is the present scenario of politics in IndiaVoterMood
The political landscape in India is dynamic and multifaceted, influenced by various social, economic, and cultural factors.
Here is an analysis of the current scenario in Indian politics:-
विवादास्पद फिल्म के ट्रेलर से गाली-गलौज वाले दृश्य हटा दिए गए हैं, और जुर्माना लगाया गया है। सुप्रीम कोर्ट और बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट दोनों ने फिल्म की रिलीज पर रोक लगा दी है और उसे निलंबित कर दिया है। पहले यह फिल्म 7 जून और फिर 14 जून को रिलीज होने वाली थी, लेकिन अब यह 21 जून को रिलीज हो रही है।
1. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
R/SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 10304 of 2021
With
R/SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 10305 of 2021
==========================================================
JAMIAT ULAMA-E-HIND GUJARAT
Versus
STATE OF GUJARAT
==========================================================
Appearance:
MR MIHIR JOSHI, SENIOR ADVOCATE WITH MR MUHAMMAD ISA M
HAKIM(10874) for the Petitioner(s) No. 1,2,3
MR KAMAL TRIVEDI, ADVOCATE GENERAL WITH MS MANISHA
LAVKUMAR, GOVERNMENT PLEADER WITH MS AISHVARYA GUPTA,
AGP for the Respondent(s) No. 1
==========================================================
CORAM:HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR. JUSTICE
VIKRAM NATH
and
HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE BIREN VAISHNAV
Date : 19/08/2021
ORAL ORDER
(PER : HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR. JUSTICE VIKRAM
NATH)
1. Both these Petitions, filed under Article 226 of the Constitution Of
India challenge the vires of the Gujarat Freedom Of Religion Act, 2003
as amended by the Gujarat Freedom Of Religion (Amendment) Act, 2021
(hereinafter referred to as the “Freedom Of Religion Act,2021”) have
prayed for the following reliefs :
“(A) THIS HON’BLE COURT MAY BE PLEASED TO hold and
declare Sections 2(a), 2(d), 3, 3A, 4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5, 6, 6A of the
impugned Gujarat Freedom Of Religion Act,2003 as amended by
the Gujarat Freedom Of Religion (Amendment) Act, 2021 to be
ultravires the Constitution;
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2. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
(B) Pending admission, hearing, and final disposal of hte present
application, this HON’BLE COURT MAY BE PLEASED TO stay
the implementation of hold and declare Sections 2(a), 2(d), 3, 3A,
4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5, 6, 6A of the impugned Gujarat Freedom Of
Religion Act,2003 as amended by the Gujarat Freedom Of
Religion (Amendment) Act, 2021 to be ultravires the Constitution;
...”
2. On 5.08.2021, this Court had, after hearing Mr Mihir Joshi,learned
Senior Advocate assisted by Mr.Muhammad Isa.M Hakim for the
petitioners and Ms Manisha Lavkumar,learned Government Pleader
assisted by Ms.Aishvarya Gupta, Learned AGP,on a request made by the
Learned Government Pleader granted ten days’ time to obtain
instructions. As there is a challenge to the State enactment, notices were
issued to the learned Advocate General also.
3. Today, when the matter was taken up for hearing, Mr Kamal
Trivedi, learned Advocate General along with Ms. Manisha Lavkumar,
learned Government Pleader assisted by Ms.Aishvarya Gupta, learned
AGP, has appeared and at the outset requested for time to put in a
response by way of an affidavit-in-reply.
4. Admit. Issue Notice. No notice be sent to the respondents as Ms.
Aishvarya Gupta, learned AGP waives service of notice. For the State to
file its reply, we grant 4 weeks’ time and a further 2 weeks’ time to the
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3. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
petitioners to put in their rejoinder. List on 30.09.2021.
5. Mr Mihir Joshi, learned Senior Advocate has pressed for interim
relief inasmuch as the amended Section 3 of the Freedom Of Religion
Act, 2003 (for short ‘the 2003 Act’), per se, prohibits marriage on a
presumption that such a marriage is for the purposes of conversion. The
concept of marriage has no bearing on conversion. He would invite the
attention of the Court to the penal provisions that can be triggered by
lodging a complaint by any aggrieved person under Section 3A, 4A and
4B of the 2003 Act.
6. Mr.Kamal Trivedi learned Advocate General appearing for the
State would submit that Section 3 of the 2003 Act cannot be read in
abstract. According to him, marriage per se is not prohibited but a
conversion actuated by fraud or allurement or a forcible marriage is
prohibited. The focal point is conversion by force or a fraudulent
marriage or a marriage by allurement. He would submit that once the
scheme of the Act is seen the purpose is to prohibit unlawful conversion.
The mechanism of investigation is well equipped by checks and balances
as no prosecution is instituted except with the previous sanction of the
District Magistrate. The offences under the Act shall not be investigated
by an officer below the rank of a Deputy Superintendent Of Police. Mr.
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4. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
Trivedi, learned Advocate General has drawn our attention to the
Statement of Objects and Reasons and also to the various provisions
which provide for the balances and checks in the 2003 Act and has
strongly contended that the statement made by Mr. Joshi, learned Senior
Advocate is not tenable. According to him, without an element of fraud,
allurement or coercion, a marriage inter-faith followed by conversion
would not amount to unlawful conversion and as such would not be hit by
the penal provisions.
7. Having heard Mr Mihir Joshi, learned Senior Advocate for the
petitioners and Mr Kamal Trivedi, learned Advocate General for the
State, at this stage, being conscious of the fact that subject to the detailed
examination of the Vires of the Act under challenge, certain prima facie
observations based on a plain reading of Section 3 of the 2003 Act need
to be made. They are as under:
(a) The Gujarat Freedom Of Religion Act, 2003 was initially an
Act brought into force in April 2003. According to the then
Section 3 of the 2003 Act, there was a prohibition of conversion of
any person from one religion to another religion by use of force or
allurement or by any fraudulent means.
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5. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
(b) By the Amending Act of 2021, which was brought into force by
way of a Notification dated 04.06.2021 a marriage itself is
presumed to be a medium for the purposes of unlawful conversion
if the marriage was by way of allurement, force or by fraudulent
means. A plain reading of Section 3 would indicate that any
conversion on account of marriage is also prohibited. The
submission of Mr. Trivedi, learned Advocate General that the
element of fraud, allurement or coercion which is sought to be
brought in by reading the Statement of Objects and Reasons and
the other provisions of the 2003 Act, may not be understood by a
common man. The interpretation of Section 3 of the 2003 Act as
Mr. Trivedi, learned Advocate General wants us to read would be a
subject matter of adjudication but prima facie on a plain reading of
Section 3 of the 2003 Act, we feel that marriage inter-faith
followed by conversion would amount to an offfence under the
2003 Act. Marriage itself and a consequential conversion is
deemed as an unlawful conversion attracting penal provisions.
(c) In the case of Shafin Jahan vs Ashokan reported in (2018)
16 SCC 368, the Supreme Court observed as under:
“The right to marry a person of one’s choice is integral to
Article 21 of the Constitution. The Constitution guarantees
the right to life. This right cannot be taken away except
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6. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
through a law which is substantively and procedurally fair,
just and reasonable. Intrinsic to the liberty which the
Constitution guarantees as a fundamental right is the ability
of each individual to take decisions on matters central to the
pursuit of happiness. Matters of belief and faith, including
whether to believe are at the core of constitutional liberty.
The Constitution exists for believers as well as for agnostics.
The Constitution protects the ability of each individual to
pursue a way of life or faith to which she or he seeks to
adhere. Matters of dress and of food, of ideas and ideologies,
of love and partnership are within the central aspects of
identity. The law may regulate (subject to constitutional
compliance) the conditions of a valid marriage, as it may
regulate the situations in which a marital tie can be ended or
annulled. These remedies are available to parties to a
marriage for it is they who decide best on whether they
should accept each other into a marital tie or continue in that
relationship. Society has no role to play in determining our
choice of partners.”
(d) From the perception of the common man, it appears that merely
because a conversion occurs because of marriage, it per se cannot
be held to be an unlawful conversion or a marriage done for the
purpose of unlawful conversion.
(e) Section 6A of the 2003 Act places the burden of proof on the
parties entering into an inter-faith marriage to prove that the
marriage was not solemnized on account of any fraud, allurement
or coercion. This again puts the parties validly entering into an
inter-faith marriage in great jeopardy.
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7. C/SCA/10304/2021 ORDER DATED: 19/08/2021
(f) Prima-facie inter-faith marriages between two consenting adults
by operation of the provisions of Section 3 of the 2003 Act
interferes with the intricacies of marriage including the right to the
choice of an individual, thereby infringing Article 21 of the
Constitution Of India.
8. We are therefore of the opinion that, pending further hearing the
rigors of Sections 3, 4, 4A to 4C, 5, 6 and 6A shall not operate merely
because a marriage is solemnised by a person of one religion with a
person of another religion without force or by allurement or by fraudulent
means and such marriages cannot be termed as marriages for the purposes
of unlawful conversion.
9. The above interim order is provided only on the lines of the
arguments advanced by Mr. Trivedi, learned Advocate General and to
protect the parties solemnizing marriage inter-faith from being
unnecessarily harassed.
(VIKRAM NATH, CJ)
(BIREN VAISHNAV, J)
DIVYA
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