This document discusses the key components of a local area network (LAN). It describes common network topologies like star, ring, bus and mesh. It also covers different types of network classifications based on transmission technologies and architecture. The main hardware components of a LAN discussed include network interface cards, hubs, switches, cables and connectors, routers and modems. Important software components mentioned are network operating systems and protocol suites.
The document discusses network devices, communication protocols, and related topics. It describes the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, detailing the layers and functions of each. It provides information on IP addressing, DNS, and gateway addressing. The OSI model has 7 layers including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers comprising network interface, internet, transport, and application layers.
- The HART protocol allows devices to communicate digitally over analog 4-20mA loops, enabling both analog and digital communication over the same wiring.
- It uses frequency-shift keying to superimpose digital signals on top of the analog 4-20mA current without interfering with the analog signal.
- The HART protocol supports point-to-point and multidrop communication and can be used to access device configuration, diagnostics, and process variables.
The document discusses various network media and hardware components. It describes transmission media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It also discusses network interface cards, connectors like RJ-45 and fiber optic connectors, and network devices like repeaters, hubs, switches, and routers.
The document summarizes Profibus DP (distributed peripheral) and Profibus FMS (Fieldbus message specification). Profibus DP allows multiple masters that each assign slaves, while FMS allows peer-to-peer messaging between masters. Profibus DP uses EIA-485 physical layer and operates at speeds up to 12Mbps for high-speed sensor/actuator data transfer. It provides cyclic and acyclic data services between masters and slaves. Profibus FMS uses the same data link layer as DP and enables messaging between masters.
A complete ppt for network connectors and interface standards. Modems with types and version are also added in it. utility of cable modem alongwith null modem are described in it. a useful presentation for persons looking for networking devices at physical layer.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Examples are provided for configuring CHAP authentication between two routers connected over a serial link.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
Communication Protocol - Arindam Samantasankhadeep
Communication protocols define rules for data communication between devices. They specify what is communicated, how it is communicated, when, and how errors are handled. Protocols encapsulate data with control information like addresses and error codes. They support functions like segmentation, reassembly, connection control, flow control and error control. Popular protocol suites like TCP/IP define standards for communication at physical, data link, network and transport layers to enable reliable data exchange across networks.
The document discusses network devices, communication protocols, and related topics. It describes the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, detailing the layers and functions of each. It provides information on IP addressing, DNS, and gateway addressing. The OSI model has 7 layers including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The TCP/IP model has 4 layers comprising network interface, internet, transport, and application layers.
- The HART protocol allows devices to communicate digitally over analog 4-20mA loops, enabling both analog and digital communication over the same wiring.
- It uses frequency-shift keying to superimpose digital signals on top of the analog 4-20mA current without interfering with the analog signal.
- The HART protocol supports point-to-point and multidrop communication and can be used to access device configuration, diagnostics, and process variables.
The document discusses various network media and hardware components. It describes transmission media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It also discusses network interface cards, connectors like RJ-45 and fiber optic connectors, and network devices like repeaters, hubs, switches, and routers.
The document summarizes Profibus DP (distributed peripheral) and Profibus FMS (Fieldbus message specification). Profibus DP allows multiple masters that each assign slaves, while FMS allows peer-to-peer messaging between masters. Profibus DP uses EIA-485 physical layer and operates at speeds up to 12Mbps for high-speed sensor/actuator data transfer. It provides cyclic and acyclic data services between masters and slaves. Profibus FMS uses the same data link layer as DP and enables messaging between masters.
A complete ppt for network connectors and interface standards. Modems with types and version are also added in it. utility of cable modem alongwith null modem are described in it. a useful presentation for persons looking for networking devices at physical layer.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Examples are provided for configuring CHAP authentication between two routers connected over a serial link.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
Communication Protocol - Arindam Samantasankhadeep
Communication protocols define rules for data communication between devices. They specify what is communicated, how it is communicated, when, and how errors are handled. Protocols encapsulate data with control information like addresses and error codes. They support functions like segmentation, reassembly, connection control, flow control and error control. Popular protocol suites like TCP/IP define standards for communication at physical, data link, network and transport layers to enable reliable data exchange across networks.
The document provides information about the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standard and its various layers:
- The PHY layer includes the physical layer convergence protocol and physical medium dependent sublayers. The PHY layer supports FHSS, DSSS and infrared spread spectrum techniques.
- The MAC layer supports distributed coordination function based on CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS, as well as point coordination function controlled by an access point. It defines frame formats and medium access mechanisms.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
The document discusses various types of network components and transmission media. It provides details on:
1. Digital signals and how binary data is encoded into signal elements.
2. Several common encoding schemes for digital signals including unipolar, polar, and Manchester encoding.
3. Types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like radio waves, microwave signals, infrared light, and Bluetooth.
4. Key factors and tradeoffs in choosing different transmission media like cost, bandwidth capacity, attenuation levels, and vulnerability to electromagnetic interference.
This document provides an overview of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. It defines key OSPF concepts like link state advertisements (LSAs), neighbor and topology tables, designated routers (DRs), flooding, shortest path first (SPF) algorithm, and areas. It also compares OSPF to distance vector protocols, describes OSPF network types and neighbor relationships, and provides examples of basic OSPF configuration.
This course describes the basic networking elements and how they are used in practice. The course covers:
The evolution and principles of networking;
The basic notions used in this domain;
Types of equipment;
Description and general information of basic networking protocols.
The practical examples provide configuration commands, packet captures and a real feel of how to build a simple network
The course attendees will be encouraged to show their understanding by answering questions and debating the issues and solutions that they might have encountered when working with networks.
This document discusses data communication and networking. It covers topics like data communication systems, networks, the internet, and protocols. Specifically, it defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums. It describes networks as sets of connected devices that exchange data. It also outlines categories of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Additionally, it discusses the hierarchical organization of the internet and defines protocols as sets of rules that govern data communication.
Network switches, functions & role in networksIT Tech
A network switch connects multiple computers together on a local area network (LAN) and operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. It receives messages and transmits them only to the intended device, unlike a hub. Switches create separate collision domains to allow connected devices to transfer data simultaneously without interference. They can operate at different layers, with layer 3 switches having additional routing capabilities. Switches establish network connectivity and performance within a LAN.
Basics of Network Layer and Transport LayerRubal Sagwal
This document provides an overview of computer networks, focusing on the network, transport, and application layers. It discusses IPv4 and IPv6 packet structure, addressing, and protocols like ICMP, IGMP, TCP, and UDP. Specifically, it examines IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes, packet headers, classes of addresses, subnetting, and IPv6 advantages over IPv4. It also describes functions of protocols like ICMP for error reporting and queries, and IGMP for multicast group management.
The document provides information on DCS networks from ABB and Siemens. The ABB network uses Ethernet cables for the operation network and a high-speed serial network for communications. It discusses improvements made to the network design to enhance HMI availability. The Siemens network uses a CS275 bus system that uses token passing and distributed control to improve availability. Both networks aim to maximize availability of operator interfaces and communication between field devices, controllers, and engineering stations.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
This document outlines the evolution of Ethernet networking standards from the original Ethernet developed at Xerox PARC to modern Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards. It discusses the IEEE 802.3 working group and standards for various Ethernet technologies including 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, and 10GbE. Encoding methods like 4D-PAM5 that have allowed Ethernet speeds to increase over twisted pair cabling are also covered at a high level.
The document provides information about the CCNA certification exam, including the exam number, total marks, duration, passing score, question types, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also discusses common networking devices, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, common network topologies, and the functions of local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and its seven layers, describing the function of each layer.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
WIRELESS NETWORKS EC6802 BABU unit 1 & 2 PPTbabuece
WIRELESS NETWORKS EC6802 BABU unit 1 & 2 PPT
BABU M
ASST PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OD ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI
THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
IMS is an IP-based architecture that enables the delivery of multimedia services over both fixed and wireless networks. It provides a common service delivery platform for various access networks and allows for convergence of services. Key benefits of IMS include enabling a user-centric network, reducing costs through network resource sharing, and providing a consistent user experience across multiple devices and access networks through a single user identity and profile.
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex communication modes, analog and digital signals, intranets and the internet, types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, and CAN, common networking devices like hubs, switches and routers, and IP addressing. Each concept is defined in 1-2 sentences with examples given for clarification.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
Basic networking in power point by suprabhaSuprabha Sahoo
Computer networking allows for the sharing of data and resources between connected computers. The main purpose is sharing information, hardware, software, and administration. Connected devices include network interface cards, cables, hubs/switches, routers, and network software. Common network topologies are peer-to-peer and client-server. Common network types include local area networks within an office and metropolitan area networks within a city.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks, including definitions of key network concepts and components. It discusses the basic applications and purposes of networks, as well as what can be found on networks including hosts, terminals, clients, and servers. It also describes common networking devices like NICs, modems, hubs, switches, and routers. Additionally, it covers network topologies, transmission modes, and the different categories of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs.
The document provides information about the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standard and its various layers:
- The PHY layer includes the physical layer convergence protocol and physical medium dependent sublayers. The PHY layer supports FHSS, DSSS and infrared spread spectrum techniques.
- The MAC layer supports distributed coordination function based on CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS, as well as point coordination function controlled by an access point. It defines frame formats and medium access mechanisms.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
The document discusses various types of network components and transmission media. It provides details on:
1. Digital signals and how binary data is encoded into signal elements.
2. Several common encoding schemes for digital signals including unipolar, polar, and Manchester encoding.
3. Types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like radio waves, microwave signals, infrared light, and Bluetooth.
4. Key factors and tradeoffs in choosing different transmission media like cost, bandwidth capacity, attenuation levels, and vulnerability to electromagnetic interference.
This document provides an overview of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. It defines key OSPF concepts like link state advertisements (LSAs), neighbor and topology tables, designated routers (DRs), flooding, shortest path first (SPF) algorithm, and areas. It also compares OSPF to distance vector protocols, describes OSPF network types and neighbor relationships, and provides examples of basic OSPF configuration.
This course describes the basic networking elements and how they are used in practice. The course covers:
The evolution and principles of networking;
The basic notions used in this domain;
Types of equipment;
Description and general information of basic networking protocols.
The practical examples provide configuration commands, packet captures and a real feel of how to build a simple network
The course attendees will be encouraged to show their understanding by answering questions and debating the issues and solutions that they might have encountered when working with networks.
This document discusses data communication and networking. It covers topics like data communication systems, networks, the internet, and protocols. Specifically, it defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums. It describes networks as sets of connected devices that exchange data. It also outlines categories of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Additionally, it discusses the hierarchical organization of the internet and defines protocols as sets of rules that govern data communication.
Network switches, functions & role in networksIT Tech
A network switch connects multiple computers together on a local area network (LAN) and operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. It receives messages and transmits them only to the intended device, unlike a hub. Switches create separate collision domains to allow connected devices to transfer data simultaneously without interference. They can operate at different layers, with layer 3 switches having additional routing capabilities. Switches establish network connectivity and performance within a LAN.
Basics of Network Layer and Transport LayerRubal Sagwal
This document provides an overview of computer networks, focusing on the network, transport, and application layers. It discusses IPv4 and IPv6 packet structure, addressing, and protocols like ICMP, IGMP, TCP, and UDP. Specifically, it examines IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes, packet headers, classes of addresses, subnetting, and IPv6 advantages over IPv4. It also describes functions of protocols like ICMP for error reporting and queries, and IGMP for multicast group management.
The document provides information on DCS networks from ABB and Siemens. The ABB network uses Ethernet cables for the operation network and a high-speed serial network for communications. It discusses improvements made to the network design to enhance HMI availability. The Siemens network uses a CS275 bus system that uses token passing and distributed control to improve availability. Both networks aim to maximize availability of operator interfaces and communication between field devices, controllers, and engineering stations.
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
This document outlines the evolution of Ethernet networking standards from the original Ethernet developed at Xerox PARC to modern Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards. It discusses the IEEE 802.3 working group and standards for various Ethernet technologies including 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, and 10GbE. Encoding methods like 4D-PAM5 that have allowed Ethernet speeds to increase over twisted pair cabling are also covered at a high level.
The document provides information about the CCNA certification exam, including the exam number, total marks, duration, passing score, question types, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also discusses common networking devices, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, common network topologies, and the functions of local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and its seven layers, describing the function of each layer.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
WIRELESS NETWORKS EC6802 BABU unit 1 & 2 PPTbabuece
WIRELESS NETWORKS EC6802 BABU unit 1 & 2 PPT
BABU M
ASST PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OD ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI
THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
IMS is an IP-based architecture that enables the delivery of multimedia services over both fixed and wireless networks. It provides a common service delivery platform for various access networks and allows for convergence of services. Key benefits of IMS include enabling a user-centric network, reducing costs through network resource sharing, and providing a consistent user experience across multiple devices and access networks through a single user identity and profile.
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex communication modes, analog and digital signals, intranets and the internet, types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, and CAN, common networking devices like hubs, switches and routers, and IP addressing. Each concept is defined in 1-2 sentences with examples given for clarification.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
Basic networking in power point by suprabhaSuprabha Sahoo
Computer networking allows for the sharing of data and resources between connected computers. The main purpose is sharing information, hardware, software, and administration. Connected devices include network interface cards, cables, hubs/switches, routers, and network software. Common network topologies are peer-to-peer and client-server. Common network types include local area networks within an office and metropolitan area networks within a city.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks, including definitions of key network concepts and components. It discusses the basic applications and purposes of networks, as well as what can be found on networks including hosts, terminals, clients, and servers. It also describes common networking devices like NICs, modems, hubs, switches, and routers. Additionally, it covers network topologies, transmission modes, and the different categories of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs.
Network hardware devices mediate data transfer within computer networks. Common basic networking devices include routers, bridges, switches, hubs, and repeaters. Routers connect similar networks, bridges connect similar network segments, switches manage bandwidth, hubs provide connection points, and repeaters extend network length. Hybrid devices include protocol converters, bridge routers, and digital media receivers. Other hardware like modems and network cards establish network or dial-up connections.
Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture slides pptOsama Yousaf
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers common network devices like hubs, switches, routers and network interface cards. Additionally, it examines network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and the differences between baseband and broadband transmission. The document serves as a high-level introduction to foundational networking topics.
A network adapter, also called a network interface card (NIC), enables a computer to connect to a network and transfer data. There are wired and wireless NICs. Wired NICs use cables while wireless NICs use radio waves. Modern laptops have both wired and wireless NICs. NIC speeds can be 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1000Mbps or higher but the actual speed depends on the network switch speed.
The document discusses various networking devices and their functions:
- Hubs broadcast messages to all connected devices, using more bandwidth than switches. Switches only send messages to the targeted device.
- Bridges divide larger networks and manage data flow between segments by examining MAC addresses.
- Routers route data between network segments by reading packet headers to determine destinations.
- Gateways translate between different data formats but not the data itself.
- Other devices discussed include wireless access points, modems, firewalls, network interface cards, and devices for specific media like fiber optics.
The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.
Networking connects computing devices together to share data. It allows devices to communicate through a mix of hardware like cables and wireless equipment, and software like communication protocols. Networks can be categorized based on their geographic reach - local area networks (LANs) span a small area like a home or office, while wide area networks (WANs) connect across cities, states or globally. The largest public WAN is the Internet. Networks also use common protocols like TCP/IP to define the language devices use to communicate. While wired networks were traditionally used, wireless networking has become more popular for new installations.
There are many kinds of network devices.pdfEIHEducation
There are many types of network devices that serve different purposes:
Repeaters amplify and resend signals to reduce attenuation and interference and extend range. Bridges connect local area networks using the same or different protocols. Access points wirelessly transmit and receive information and connect clients like phones and computers to a WiFi network. Switches analyze MAC addresses to transfer data frames to their intended destination port. Gateways connect different networks using different protocols and alter data packets between them. Modems modulate and demodulate signals for transmission across networks. Hubs connect devices to a local area network by broadcasting all incoming data to all ports.
Network devices allow communication between hardware in a computer network. The main network devices include hubs, switches, routers, bridges, gateways, modems, and repeaters. Hubs connect multiple devices on a local area network but don't filter collisions. Switches are more advanced and can selectively forward packets to the correct port. Routers connect different networks and manage traffic between them. Bridges and gateways also connect networks but at the data link and network layers, respectively. Modems convert digital signals to analog for transmission and vice versa. Repeaters amplify signals so they can travel longer distances.
Network components include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and network operating systems. Multicast involves one or more senders and recipients sharing data traffic between unicast and broadcast. An intranet connects PCs within an organization privately, while the internet connects computers globally using TCP/IP. Active hubs boost and relay signals with their own power supply, and passive hubs rely on an active hub for power. Gateways connect different network protocols, and access points provide wireless connectivity to wired networks. Routers route data packets between networks or subnets. Modems convert digital signals to analog for telephone line transmission. Network topology refers to the arrangement of nodes and connections in a network.
This document provides information about computer networks and telecommunications. It discusses terminals, telecommunications software, communication processors, communication media, network topologies, protocols, network architectures, and internet protocols. Terminals include video display terminals and other end user workstations. Telecommunications software functions include access control, transmission control, network control, error control, and security. Common network topologies include star, ring, bus, and tree configurations. Popular internet protocols are TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet, Gopher, and WAIS. The document also covers internet addressing, domains, email addresses, URLs, and web directories.
ARPANET was the first wide-area packet switching network developed in the late 1960s under the US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). It served as the basis for today's internet by linking computers located at Pentagon-funded research institutions. A computer network connects computers together to allow for sharing of resources like files, printers or internet access. The main types of computer networks are LAN, PAN, MAN and WAN, which differ based on the maximum distance they can connect and examples of each are provided.
The document provides information about the CCNA certification course. It discusses that CCNA is a popular certification course developed by Cisco that certifies skills in network fundamentals, networking concepts, security, automation and more. It can help candidates get jobs as network administrators, engineers, and other networking roles. The document outlines the topics covered in the CCNA course and lists the most common employers of CCNA certified professionals.
A network connects computers and devices together through communication devices and transmission media. A local area network (LAN) connects devices in a limited area like a home or office building. Networks provide advantages like speed, cost savings, security, resource sharing, email and centralized software management. However, networks also have disadvantages such as high setup costs, single point of failures, virus spreading and performance declines with increased traffic. Common network architectures include client-server, where servers provide services to clients, and peer-to-peer where devices connect directly to each other. Common network topologies are bus, ring and star, with stars being popular due to their ease of installation and maintenance. Standards like Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, TCP/IP and
Computer Networking – CSE290 is a course that covers basic concepts of networks including LANs, WANs, the internet, and common network devices. It discusses how networks allow sharing of resources and backups. The document defines what a computer network is and its basic components. It provides details on network media like wired and wireless technologies. Common networking devices like switches, routers, and firewalls are explained. Finally, it discusses different types of networks including LANs, WANs, SANs, and others.
Network system on Ahsanullah University of Science & TechnologyManas Saha
This document provides an overview of the network system at Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology (AUST) in Bangladesh. It describes the types of networks, topologies, hardware, and media used. The university uses both wired and wireless networks to connect computers. The wired network uses UTP and fiber optic cables in a star topology. Routers, switches, and servers connect the departments and buildings. The wireless network provides internet access across campus. In total, the network system at AUST effectively connects computers to share resources while managing bandwidth usage.
This document defines various computer networking terms and discusses different types of computer networks. It describes personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), and campus area networks (CAN). For LANs, it distinguishes between client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks. It also discusses different network topologies like bus, star, and ring topologies. Finally, it provides examples of shared hardware components on a network like printers, disk drives, and modems.
The document discusses various topics related to networking infrastructure and protocols:
1. It describes the components of a structured cabling system and benefits of an extended star topology used for cabling.
2. It explains several key protocols used at different layers of the OSI model including SMTP, ARP, FTP, and SSL and their functions.
3. It discusses wireless networking components like wireless routers/modems and adapters and how Wi-Fi works based on IEEE 802.11 standards at the physical and data link layers.
4. It covers Wi-Fi standards, advantages and disadvantages of wireless networking, and factors to consider for wired vs wireless implementation in a LAN.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide will represent how to create user notification in Odoo 17. Odoo allows us to create and send custom notifications on some events or actions. We have different types of notification such as sticky notification, rainbow man effect, alert and raise exception warning or validation.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
Keep in mind:
- The 8+8+8 rule offers a general guideline. You may need to adjust the schedule depending on your individual needs and commitments.
- Some days may require more work or less sleep, demanding flexibility in your approach.
- The key is to be mindful of your time allocation and strive for a healthy balance across the three categories.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better Productivity
Unit 1 ppt-idc
1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Computer Networks in instrumentation
Components of Computer Networks: hardware and software
Network topologies: Star, Ring, Bus, Mesh
Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technologies:
Point-to-point
broadcast
Based on Architecture: Peer to Peer
Client Server
advantages of Client Sever over Peer-to-Peer Model
2. Need of computer network
1)High flexibility to control system
2)Lower the cost of cabling
3)Providing new capabilities of controlling & surveying automated parts
3. 1. Network Interface Card
Network adapter is a device that enables a computer to talk with other
computer/network. Using unique hardware addresses (MAC address) encoded on the
card chip, the data-link protocol employs these addresses to discover other systems on
the network so that it can transfer data to the right destination.
There are two types of network cards: wired and wireless. The wired NIC uses
cables and connectors as a medium to transfer data, whereas in the wireless card, the
connection is made using antenna that employs radio wave technology. All modern laptop
computers incorporated wireless NIC in addition to the wired adapter.
Network Card Speed
Network Interface card, one of the main computer network components, comes with
different speeds, 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1000Mbps, so on. Recent standard network
cards built with Gigabit (1000Mbps) connection speed. It also supports to connect
slower speeds such as 10Mbps and 100Mbps. However, the speed of the card depends onslower speeds such as 10Mbps and 100Mbps. However, the speed of the card depends on
your LAN speed.
For example, if you have a switch that supports up to 100Mbps, your NIC will also
transfer a data with this same speed even though your computer NIC has still the
capability to transfer data at 1000Mbps (1Gbps). In modern computers, network adapter
is integrated with a computer motherboard. However if you want advanced and fast
Ethernet card, you may buy and install on your computer using the PCI slot found on
the motherboard (desktop) and Express Card slots on laptop .
2. Hub
Hub is a device that splits a network connection into multiple computers. It is like a
distribution center. When a computer request information from a network or a specific
computer, it sends the request to the hub through a cable. The hub will receive the
request and transmit it to the entire network. Each computer in the network should then
figure out whether the broadcast data is for them or not.
Currently Hubs are becoming obsolete and replaced by more advanced communication
devices such as Switch and Routers.
4. 3. Switch
Switch is a telecommunication device grouped as one of computer
network components. Switch is like a Hub but built in with
advanced features. It uses physical device addresses in each
incoming messages so that it can deliver the message to the right
destination or port.
Like Hub, switch don’t broadcast the received message to entire
network, rather before sending it checks to which system or port
should the message be sent. In other words switch connects the
source and destination directly which increases the speed of the
network. Both switch and hub have common features: Multiple RJ-network. Both switch and hub have common features: Multiple RJ-
45 ports, power supply and connection lights.
5. 4.Cables and connectors
Cable is one way of transmission media which can transmit communication
signals. The wired network typology uses special type of cable to connect
computers on a network.
There are a number of solid transmission Media types, which are listed
below. - Twisted pair wire
It is classified as Category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5E, 6 and 7. Category 5E, 6 and 7
are high-speed cables that can transmit 1Gbps or more. -
Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable more resembles like TV installation cable. It is more
expensive than twisted-pair cable but provide high data transmissionexpensive than twisted-pair cable but provide high data transmission
speed.
Fiber-optic cable
It is a high-speed cable which transmits data using light beams through a
glass bound fibers. Fiber-optic cable is high data transmission cable
comparing to the other cable types. But the cost of fiber optics is very
expensive which can only be purchased and installed on governmental
level.
6. 5. Router
When we talk about computer network components, the other device
that used to connect a LAN with an internet connection is called
Router. When you have two distinct networks (LANs) or want to
share a single internet connection to multiple computers, we use a
Router.
In most cases, recent routers also include a switch which in other words
can be used as a switch. You don’t need to buy both switch and router,
particularly if you are installing small business and home networks.
There are two types of Router: wired and wireless. The choice depends
on your physical office/home setting, speed and cost.on your physical office/home setting, speed and cost.
7. 6. Modems
A modem enables you to connect your computer to the available internet
connection over the existing telephone line. Like NIC, Modem is not
integrated with a computer motherboard. It comes as separate part
which can be installed on the PCI slots found on motherboard.
A modem is not necessary for LAN, but required for internet connection
such as dial-up and DSL.
There are some types of modems, which differs in speed and
transmission rate. Standard PC modem or Dial-up modems (56Kb data
transmission speed), Cellular modem (used in a laptop that enables to
connect while on the go), cable modem (500 times faster than
standard modem) and DSL Modems are the most popular.standard modem) and DSL Modems are the most popular.
8. Server: Server or Domain Controller is a powerful computer used in Domain network to manage
and control all hardware and software, resources of a network
Client: A type of computer in a network that can request for resources to the server. There are
two types of clients
Bridges :bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on functionality of
filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for
interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output
port, thus making it a 2 port device.port, thus making it a 2 port device.
gateways: A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that
may work upon different networking models. They basically works as the messenger agents that
take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also
called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more
complex than switch or router.
9. Software Components
Networking Operating System: Network Operating Systems is typically installed in the
server and facilitate workstations in a network to share files, database, applications,
printers etc.
Protocol Suite: A protocol is a rule or guideline followed by each computer for data
communication. Protocol suite is a set of related protocols that are laid down for
computer networks. The two popular protocol suites are:
a. OSI Model ( Open System Interconnections)
b. TCP / IP Model
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