尊敬的 微信汇率:1円 ≈ 0.046166 元 支付宝汇率:1円 ≈ 0.046257元 [退出登录]
SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Electrochemicalcell
Abstract
An electrochemicalcell is a device capableofeither derivingelectrical energy from
chemical reactionsorfacilitatingchemical reactionsthroughthe introductionof
electrical energy.A commonexampleofan electrochemical cell is a standard1.5-volt
"battery".(Actuallya single"Galvaniccell"; a batteryproperly consistsofmultiplecells,
connectedin eitherparallel orseries pattern.)
The lemonbatteryis similarto thefirst electrical batteryinventedin 1800 by
AlessandroVolta,who used brine(salt water)insteadoflemonjuice. The lemon
batteryis described in sometextbooksin order toillustratethetypeof chemical
reaction(oxidation-reduction)thatoccursin batteries.The zincandcopperare called
theelectrodes, andthe juice insidethe lemonis called theelectrolyte.There are many
variationsofthelemon cell thatuse different fruits (orliquids) as electrolytesand
metalsotherthanzinc andcopper as electrodes. Batteriesareused to illustratethe
connectionbetweenchemistry andelectricity as well as to deepen thecircuit concept
forelectricity. The fact thatdifferent chemicalelements such as copperandzincare
used can beplaced in thelargercontext thattheelements do notdisappearorbreak
down when they undergo chemicalreactions.Batteriesserve toillustratetheprinciples
ofoxidation-reductionreactions.
Introduction
This modelofthe chemicalreactionsmakes severalpredictionsthat were examinedin
experiments published byJerry Goodismanin2001.Goodismannotesthatnumerous
recent authorsproposechemical reactionsforthelemon batterythatinvolve
dissolutionofthecopper electrode intotheelectrolyte. Goodismanexcludes this
reactionas beinginconsistentwiththeexperiments,andnotesthat thecorrect
chemistry,which involvesthe evolutionofhydrogen atthe copperelectrode, has been
knownfor manyyears.When the electrolytewas modifiedby addingzincsulfate
(ZnSO4),thevoltagefrom thecell was reduced as predicted usingtheNernst equation
forthe model.The Nernst equationessentiallysayshowmuch thevoltagedrops as
morezincsulfateis added.
The additionof coppersulfate(CuSO4)did notaffect thevoltage.This result is
consistent.When thebatteryis hooked up toan externalcircuit anda significant
electrical current is flowing, thezincelectrode loses mass,aspredicted by thezinc
oxidationreactionabove.Similarly,hydrogen gas evolves as bubbles fromthe copper
electrode. Finally,thevoltagefrom the cell depended uponthe acidity ofthe electrolyte,
as measuredbyits pH; decreasing acidity (andincreasingpH) causes thevoltageto
fall. This effect is also predicted bythe Nernstequation;theparticularacid thatwas
used (citric, hydrochloric,sulfuric, etc.) doesn'taffect thevoltageexcept throughthe
pH value.
Productionofcurrent throughSELFMADEbattery
The Nernstequationprediction failed forstronglyacidelectrolytes (pH < 3.4),when
thezinc electrodedissolves intothe electrolyteeven when the batteryis notproviding
anycurrent to a circuit. The two oxidation-reductionreactionslistedaboveonlyoccur
when electrical charge can betransportedthroughtheexternalcircuit. The additional,
open-circuitreactioncan be observedby theformationofbubbles at thezincelectrode
under open-circuit.This effect ultimatelylimited thevoltageof thecells to 1.0 Vnear
roomtemperatureat thehighest levels of acidity.
Energysource
The energycomes from thechemical changein thezinc (orothermetal)when it
dissolves intotheacid. The energy does notcomefrom thelemon orpotato.Thezincis
oxidized inside thelemon,exchangingsomeofits electronswith theacid in order to
reach a lowerenergystate,andtheenergy releasedprovides the power. In current
practice, zincis produced by electronwinningofZnSO4orpyrometallurgicreduction
ofzinc withcarbon,which requires anenergy input. The energy produced in the lemon
batterycomesfrom reversingthis reaction,recoveringsomeoftheenergy inputduring
thezinc production.
MaterialRequired
• DistilledWater,Coldrink, SaltWater
• ConnectingWire
• CopperAndZinc Strips
• DigitalClock
Procedure
• Assemblea “connectionpair”by connectingthewire carefully threadthe wire’s
exposed metallicend throughthe holes on theplate.Gently twistwire to secure it to
theplate.
• Afterwards,connectthe blackwire from theLCD clock (negative)tooneofthe zinc
plate.Then connectred wire from LCDclock (positive)to piece ofcopper plate.Nowall
thecomponentsareconnected
• Insertthecopper andzincplates intosaltwatersuch thatthe metallicstripsdo not
toucheach other.The clock nowstartstowork.
• Repeatthis experiment with distilled water& coldrink.
Observation
As soonaswe connectthe wires andput thekey on electricity generatedby the fruit
juice flows throughtheclock, makingthe clock run in caseof saltwaterandcoldrink.
The clock does notwork when the rods areimmersedin distilled wateras no current
flows.
Result/Conclusion
The metalstrips andliquid makea simple batterythatcreates theelectricity to operate
theclock. Saltywaterandcoldrinkwork as a device called electrochemicalcell. It
convertsthechemical energystoredin themetalstripsinto stripsintoelectrical energy.
A cell works because ofthechemical properties ofthemetals inside(in this casethe
copperandzinc). The different properties causetiny particles charged withelectricity
(ions)tomovebetween thetwo stripsof metal.This flow is an electric current.The
liquid which conduct electricitycontainstheparticles thatallowthecurrent to flow,
but it stopsthe metalstouching.Electric current alsoflows alongthewire between the
zincandcopper strips& the clock. This current makes the clock run.
SALTWATER:Theionspresent in commonsaltsodium chloride dissociateinto ionsof
sodium andchloride. These ionsare responsibleforconductionofelectricity. Potential
is providedby copper andzincrods.
DISTILLEDWATER:Thereis absenceofionsin distilled waterthereforethedistilled
waterdoesn'tconduct electricityandhence theclock doesn’t work.Though theH+ and
OH- but thepH is 7 thereforethe ion dissociationisnotenoughonly 10-7MH+ is
present in distilled water.so this can notconduct electricity.
COLDRINK:Thecoldrinktoocontainsionswhich dissociatetoconduct electricity

More Related Content

What's hot

5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
Yi Ren
 
Carrier transport processes
Carrier transport processesCarrier transport processes
Carrier transport processes
RCC Institute of Information Technology
 
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nas
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nasIonic bond seminar by Moh nas
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nas
Kurdi Team
 
Hall Effect
Hall EffectHall Effect
Generation of optical harmonics
Generation of optical harmonicsGeneration of optical harmonics
Generation of optical harmonics
Raphael Bouskila
 
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarcCrystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
slemarc
 
Millikan oil drop experiment
Millikan oil drop experimentMillikan oil drop experiment
Millikan oil drop experiment
krsuhas
 
Electron-phonon coupling a Yambo overview
Electron-phonon coupling  a Yambo overviewElectron-phonon coupling  a Yambo overview
Electron-phonon coupling a Yambo overview
Claudio Attaccalite
 
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_RaveendranSingle_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
Aneesh Raveendran
 
Qhe
QheQhe
MBE presentation.pptx
MBE presentation.pptxMBE presentation.pptx
MBE presentation.pptx
EmmanuelTsiwah
 
Silicides review
Silicides reviewSilicides review
Silicides review
Mehul Raval
 
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskitePresentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
sajjadrahman2000
 
Allegro PCB教學
Allegro PCB教學Allegro PCB教學
Allegro PCB教學
Michael Lee
 
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
Fu Jen Catholic University
 
Zero group elements
Zero group elementsZero group elements
電路學Chapter5
電路學Chapter5電路學Chapter5
電路學Chapter5
Fu Jen Catholic University
 
Analysis of SAED patterns
Analysis of SAED patternsAnalysis of SAED patterns
Analysis of SAED patterns
Antilen Jacob
 
Hetero junction
Hetero junctionHetero junction
Hetero junction
yoga prabha
 
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATESDENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
Sathees Physics
 

What's hot (20)

5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors
 
Carrier transport processes
Carrier transport processesCarrier transport processes
Carrier transport processes
 
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nas
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nasIonic bond seminar by Moh nas
Ionic bond seminar by Moh nas
 
Hall Effect
Hall EffectHall Effect
Hall Effect
 
Generation of optical harmonics
Generation of optical harmonicsGeneration of optical harmonics
Generation of optical harmonics
 
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarcCrystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
Crystal Structures and X-Ray Diffraction - Sultan LeMarc
 
Millikan oil drop experiment
Millikan oil drop experimentMillikan oil drop experiment
Millikan oil drop experiment
 
Electron-phonon coupling a Yambo overview
Electron-phonon coupling  a Yambo overviewElectron-phonon coupling  a Yambo overview
Electron-phonon coupling a Yambo overview
 
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_RaveendranSingle_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
Single_Electron_Transistor_Aneesh_Raveendran
 
Qhe
QheQhe
Qhe
 
MBE presentation.pptx
MBE presentation.pptxMBE presentation.pptx
MBE presentation.pptx
 
Silicides review
Silicides reviewSilicides review
Silicides review
 
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskitePresentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
Presentation on Properties investigation of perovskite
 
Allegro PCB教學
Allegro PCB教學Allegro PCB教學
Allegro PCB教學
 
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
電子學103-Chapter5 BJT電晶體
 
Zero group elements
Zero group elementsZero group elements
Zero group elements
 
電路學Chapter5
電路學Chapter5電路學Chapter5
電路學Chapter5
 
Analysis of SAED patterns
Analysis of SAED patternsAnalysis of SAED patterns
Analysis of SAED patterns
 
Hetero junction
Hetero junctionHetero junction
Hetero junction
 
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATESDENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
DENSITY OF ENERGY STATES
 

Similar to Electrochemical cell

Electrochemical cells.
Electrochemical cells.Electrochemical cells.
Electrochemical cells.
SamanTanoli
 
Potato_Battery.pdf
Potato_Battery.pdfPotato_Battery.pdf
Potato_Battery.pdf
IsaKakakhail
 
Presentation (16).pdf
Presentation (16).pdfPresentation (16).pdf
Presentation (16).pdf
VishalKumar206796
 
Electrochemis chapter17-2.ppt
Electrochemis               chapter17-2.pptElectrochemis               chapter17-2.ppt
Electrochemis chapter17-2.ppt
VenkataRamana38198
 
Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1
Brhane Amha Tesfahunegn
 
Batteries by prof.marudhamani
Batteries by prof.marudhamaniBatteries by prof.marudhamani
Batteries by prof.marudhamani
P.S.G. College of Technology
 
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
Pavan381829
 
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Arunesh Gupta
 
Electrochemical-reactions
Electrochemical-reactionsElectrochemical-reactions
Electrochemical-reactions
Siyavula
 
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptxpk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
AmitKumarLal5
 
Aashif
AashifAashif
Electrochemistry
ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry
Electrochemistry
Siyavula
 
Electrochemical cells 1
Electrochemical cells 1Electrochemical cells 1
Electrochemical cells 1
whoam14
 
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptxCHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
stephenopokuasante
 
Presentation on battery
Presentation on batteryPresentation on battery
Presentation on battery
Sheikh Aves
 
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptxchemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
FaisalAlshaya
 
Chemical cell
Chemical cellChemical cell
Chemical cell
Narendra Sriramula
 
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meterIon selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
Muhammad Asif Shaheeen
 
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
David Young
 
chemical Reactions in Battieries
chemical Reactions in Battierieschemical Reactions in Battieries
chemical Reactions in Battieries
Rekha Singh
 

Similar to Electrochemical cell (20)

Electrochemical cells.
Electrochemical cells.Electrochemical cells.
Electrochemical cells.
 
Potato_Battery.pdf
Potato_Battery.pdfPotato_Battery.pdf
Potato_Battery.pdf
 
Presentation (16).pdf
Presentation (16).pdfPresentation (16).pdf
Presentation (16).pdf
 
Electrochemis chapter17-2.ppt
Electrochemis               chapter17-2.pptElectrochemis               chapter17-2.ppt
Electrochemis chapter17-2.ppt
 
Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1
 
Batteries by prof.marudhamani
Batteries by prof.marudhamaniBatteries by prof.marudhamani
Batteries by prof.marudhamani
 
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
 
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.
 
Electrochemical-reactions
Electrochemical-reactionsElectrochemical-reactions
Electrochemical-reactions
 
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptxpk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
pk-chourasia-electrochemistry-1.pptx
 
Aashif
AashifAashif
Aashif
 
Electrochemistry
ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry
Electrochemistry
 
Electrochemical cells 1
Electrochemical cells 1Electrochemical cells 1
Electrochemical cells 1
 
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptxCHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
CHE 203. electrochemistry pptx.pptx pptx
 
Presentation on battery
Presentation on batteryPresentation on battery
Presentation on battery
 
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptxchemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
chemistry project G12 term 1.pptx
 
Chemical cell
Chemical cellChemical cell
Chemical cell
 
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meterIon selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
Ion selective electrodes ISE (potentiometery) PH meter
 
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
2011 topic 09 voltaic cells sl
 
chemical Reactions in Battieries
chemical Reactions in Battierieschemical Reactions in Battieries
chemical Reactions in Battieries
 

More from VISHAL VERMA

srml hr hr sec school
srml hr hr sec schoolsrml hr hr sec school
srml hr hr sec school
VISHAL VERMA
 
Project report
Project reportProject report
Project report
VISHAL VERMA
 
The text for the handwritten declaration sbi
The text for the handwritten declaration sbiThe text for the handwritten declaration sbi
The text for the handwritten declaration sbi
VISHAL VERMA
 
Oriental academy hr school
Oriental academy hr schoolOriental academy hr school
Oriental academy hr school
VISHAL VERMA
 
Luthra academy school
Luthra academy schoolLuthra academy school
Luthra academy school
VISHAL VERMA
 
Cytotoxic reaction
Cytotoxic reactionCytotoxic reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
VISHAL VERMA
 
Sugar industry in india
Sugar industry in indiaSugar industry in india
Sugar industry in india
VISHAL VERMA
 
Met gala 2017 dresses
Met gala 2017 dressesMet gala 2017 dresses
Met gala 2017 dresses
VISHAL VERMA
 
Met gala 2017 dresses 3
Met gala 2017 dresses  3Met gala 2017 dresses  3
Met gala 2017 dresses 3
VISHAL VERMA
 
Met gala 2017 dresses 2
Met gala 2017 dresses  2Met gala 2017 dresses  2
Met gala 2017 dresses 2
VISHAL VERMA
 
Chemistry project food adulteration
Chemistry project food adulterationChemistry project food adulteration
Chemistry project food adulteration
VISHAL VERMA
 
Caffiene
CaffieneCaffiene
Caffiene
VISHAL VERMA
 
Mansar lake
Mansar lakeMansar lake
Mansar lake
VISHAL VERMA
 
Learning
LearningLearning
Learning
VISHAL VERMA
 
Attitude
AttitudeAttitude
Attitude
VISHAL VERMA
 
Organiztional behaviour
Organiztional behaviourOrganiztional behaviour
Organiztional behaviour
VISHAL VERMA
 
Busniess ethics
Busniess ethicsBusniess ethics
Busniess ethics
VISHAL VERMA
 
Simple chat room using python
Simple chat room using pythonSimple chat room using python
Simple chat room using python
VISHAL VERMA
 
Shahnaz hussain
Shahnaz  hussainShahnaz  hussain
Shahnaz hussain
VISHAL VERMA
 
Antibiotics
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Antibiotics
VISHAL VERMA
 

More from VISHAL VERMA (20)

srml hr hr sec school
srml hr hr sec schoolsrml hr hr sec school
srml hr hr sec school
 
Project report
Project reportProject report
Project report
 
The text for the handwritten declaration sbi
The text for the handwritten declaration sbiThe text for the handwritten declaration sbi
The text for the handwritten declaration sbi
 
Oriental academy hr school
Oriental academy hr schoolOriental academy hr school
Oriental academy hr school
 
Luthra academy school
Luthra academy schoolLuthra academy school
Luthra academy school
 
Cytotoxic reaction
Cytotoxic reactionCytotoxic reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
 
Sugar industry in india
Sugar industry in indiaSugar industry in india
Sugar industry in india
 
Met gala 2017 dresses
Met gala 2017 dressesMet gala 2017 dresses
Met gala 2017 dresses
 
Met gala 2017 dresses 3
Met gala 2017 dresses  3Met gala 2017 dresses  3
Met gala 2017 dresses 3
 
Met gala 2017 dresses 2
Met gala 2017 dresses  2Met gala 2017 dresses  2
Met gala 2017 dresses 2
 
Chemistry project food adulteration
Chemistry project food adulterationChemistry project food adulteration
Chemistry project food adulteration
 
Caffiene
CaffieneCaffiene
Caffiene
 
Mansar lake
Mansar lakeMansar lake
Mansar lake
 
Learning
LearningLearning
Learning
 
Attitude
AttitudeAttitude
Attitude
 
Organiztional behaviour
Organiztional behaviourOrganiztional behaviour
Organiztional behaviour
 
Busniess ethics
Busniess ethicsBusniess ethics
Busniess ethics
 
Simple chat room using python
Simple chat room using pythonSimple chat room using python
Simple chat room using python
 
Shahnaz hussain
Shahnaz  hussainShahnaz  hussain
Shahnaz hussain
 
Antibiotics
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Antibiotics
 

Recently uploaded

Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT KanpurDiversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Quiz Club IIT Kanpur
 
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual AidsTalking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
MattVassar1
 
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP Module
Post init hook in the  odoo 17 ERP ModulePost init hook in the  odoo 17 ERP Module
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP Module
Celine George
 
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
yarusun
 
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
Kalna College
 
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapitolTechU
 
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
Infosec
 
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
Kalna College
 
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdfpol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
BiplabHalder13
 
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptxCreating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
Forum of Blended Learning
 
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptxSlides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
shabeluno
 
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingThe Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
Derek Wenmoth
 
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Cross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationCross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
Cross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
MattVassar1
 
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptxContiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Kalna College
 
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
Celine George
 
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
chaudharyreet2244
 
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT  Internet resources for social science220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT  Internet resources for social science
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
Kalna College
 
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive themOpportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
EducationNC
 
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT KanpurDiversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
 
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual AidsTalking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
Talking Tech through Compelling Visual Aids
 
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP Module
Post init hook in the  odoo 17 ERP ModulePost init hook in the  odoo 17 ERP Module
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP Module
 
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024
 
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
 
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
 
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
How to stay relevant as a cyber professional: Skills, trends and career paths...
 
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
78 Microsoft-Publisher - Sirin Sultana Bora.pptx
 
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdfpol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
pol sci Election and Representation Class 11 Notes.pdf
 
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptxCreating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
Creating Images and Videos through AI.pptx
 
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptxSlides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
Slides Peluncuran Amalan Pemakanan Sihat.pptx
 
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingThe Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teaching
 
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
BỘ BÀI TẬP TEST THEO UNIT - FORM 2025 - TIẾNG ANH 12 GLOBAL SUCCESS - KÌ 1 (B...
 
Cross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationCross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
Cross-Cultural Leadership and Communication
 
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptxContiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
 
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRM
 
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
nutrition in plants chapter 1 class 7...
 
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT  Internet resources for social science220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT  Internet resources for social science
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
 
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive themOpportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
Opportunity scholarships and the schools that receive them
 
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17
 

Electrochemical cell

  • 1. Electrochemicalcell Abstract An electrochemicalcell is a device capableofeither derivingelectrical energy from chemical reactionsorfacilitatingchemical reactionsthroughthe introductionof electrical energy.A commonexampleofan electrochemical cell is a standard1.5-volt "battery".(Actuallya single"Galvaniccell"; a batteryproperly consistsofmultiplecells, connectedin eitherparallel orseries pattern.) The lemonbatteryis similarto thefirst electrical batteryinventedin 1800 by AlessandroVolta,who used brine(salt water)insteadoflemonjuice. The lemon batteryis described in sometextbooksin order toillustratethetypeof chemical reaction(oxidation-reduction)thatoccursin batteries.The zincandcopperare called theelectrodes, andthe juice insidethe lemonis called theelectrolyte.There are many variationsofthelemon cell thatuse different fruits (orliquids) as electrolytesand metalsotherthanzinc andcopper as electrodes. Batteriesareused to illustratethe connectionbetweenchemistry andelectricity as well as to deepen thecircuit concept
  • 2. forelectricity. The fact thatdifferent chemicalelements such as copperandzincare used can beplaced in thelargercontext thattheelements do notdisappearorbreak down when they undergo chemicalreactions.Batteriesserve toillustratetheprinciples ofoxidation-reductionreactions. Introduction This modelofthe chemicalreactionsmakes severalpredictionsthat were examinedin experiments published byJerry Goodismanin2001.Goodismannotesthatnumerous recent authorsproposechemical reactionsforthelemon batterythatinvolve dissolutionofthecopper electrode intotheelectrolyte. Goodismanexcludes this reactionas beinginconsistentwiththeexperiments,andnotesthat thecorrect chemistry,which involvesthe evolutionofhydrogen atthe copperelectrode, has been knownfor manyyears.When the electrolytewas modifiedby addingzincsulfate (ZnSO4),thevoltagefrom thecell was reduced as predicted usingtheNernst equation forthe model.The Nernst equationessentiallysayshowmuch thevoltagedrops as morezincsulfateis added.
  • 3. The additionof coppersulfate(CuSO4)did notaffect thevoltage.This result is consistent.When thebatteryis hooked up toan externalcircuit anda significant electrical current is flowing, thezincelectrode loses mass,aspredicted by thezinc oxidationreactionabove.Similarly,hydrogen gas evolves as bubbles fromthe copper electrode. Finally,thevoltagefrom the cell depended uponthe acidity ofthe electrolyte, as measuredbyits pH; decreasing acidity (andincreasingpH) causes thevoltageto fall. This effect is also predicted bythe Nernstequation;theparticularacid thatwas used (citric, hydrochloric,sulfuric, etc.) doesn'taffect thevoltageexcept throughthe pH value. Productionofcurrent throughSELFMADEbattery
  • 4. The Nernstequationprediction failed forstronglyacidelectrolytes (pH < 3.4),when thezinc electrodedissolves intothe electrolyteeven when the batteryis notproviding anycurrent to a circuit. The two oxidation-reductionreactionslistedaboveonlyoccur when electrical charge can betransportedthroughtheexternalcircuit. The additional,
  • 5. open-circuitreactioncan be observedby theformationofbubbles at thezincelectrode under open-circuit.This effect ultimatelylimited thevoltageof thecells to 1.0 Vnear roomtemperatureat thehighest levels of acidity. Energysource The energycomes from thechemical changein thezinc (orothermetal)when it dissolves intotheacid. The energy does notcomefrom thelemon orpotato.Thezincis oxidized inside thelemon,exchangingsomeofits electronswith theacid in order to reach a lowerenergystate,andtheenergy releasedprovides the power. In current practice, zincis produced by electronwinningofZnSO4orpyrometallurgicreduction ofzinc withcarbon,which requires anenergy input. The energy produced in the lemon batterycomesfrom reversingthis reaction,recoveringsomeoftheenergy inputduring thezinc production. MaterialRequired • DistilledWater,Coldrink, SaltWater
  • 6. • ConnectingWire • CopperAndZinc Strips • DigitalClock Procedure • Assemblea “connectionpair”by connectingthewire carefully threadthe wire’s exposed metallicend throughthe holes on theplate.Gently twistwire to secure it to theplate. • Afterwards,connectthe blackwire from theLCD clock (negative)tooneofthe zinc plate.Then connectred wire from LCDclock (positive)to piece ofcopper plate.Nowall thecomponentsareconnected • Insertthecopper andzincplates intosaltwatersuch thatthe metallicstripsdo not toucheach other.The clock nowstartstowork. • Repeatthis experiment with distilled water& coldrink.
  • 7. Observation As soonaswe connectthe wires andput thekey on electricity generatedby the fruit juice flows throughtheclock, makingthe clock run in caseof saltwaterandcoldrink. The clock does notwork when the rods areimmersedin distilled wateras no current flows. Result/Conclusion The metalstrips andliquid makea simple batterythatcreates theelectricity to operate theclock. Saltywaterandcoldrinkwork as a device called electrochemicalcell. It convertsthechemical energystoredin themetalstripsinto stripsintoelectrical energy. A cell works because ofthechemical properties ofthemetals inside(in this casethe copperandzinc). The different properties causetiny particles charged withelectricity (ions)tomovebetween thetwo stripsof metal.This flow is an electric current.The liquid which conduct electricitycontainstheparticles thatallowthecurrent to flow,
  • 8. but it stopsthe metalstouching.Electric current alsoflows alongthewire between the zincandcopper strips& the clock. This current makes the clock run. SALTWATER:Theionspresent in commonsaltsodium chloride dissociateinto ionsof sodium andchloride. These ionsare responsibleforconductionofelectricity. Potential is providedby copper andzincrods. DISTILLEDWATER:Thereis absenceofionsin distilled waterthereforethedistilled waterdoesn'tconduct electricityandhence theclock doesn’t work.Though theH+ and OH- but thepH is 7 thereforethe ion dissociationisnotenoughonly 10-7MH+ is present in distilled water.so this can notconduct electricity. COLDRINK:Thecoldrinktoocontainsionswhich dissociatetoconduct electricity
  翻译: