Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications

TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 1, February2020, pp. 258~263
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i1.12959  258
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Modified e-slotted patch antenna for
WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications
Akanksha Gupta1
, D. K. Srivastava2
, J. P. Saini3
1
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
2
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, India
3
Netaji Subhash University of Technology, Delhi, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Apr 18, 2019
Revised Jun 24, 2019
Accepted Jul 18, 2019
A low profile modified e-slotted microstrip antenna is proposed for multiple
wireless communication applications. The performance of antenna is
measured in terms of return loss, current distribution. The effect of variation
of height of substrate on antenna impedance bandwidth is also studied.
The antenna with overall size 30×50×.8m.m.3
resonates at eight frequencies
which covers some important applications like GPS, wireless local area
network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access
(WiMax), Satellite communication etc. The proposed antenna structure offers
great advantages due to compact size, simple structure and multiple
applications. The multi band antenna was designed and optimized using
ansoft HFSS v13 simulator. The simulated result is good agreement with
measured result.
Keywords:
Microstrip antenna
Multiple applications
Wi-Max
Wireless local area network
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Akanksha Gupta,
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi, India.
Email: akku.gupta6@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid progression of wireless system accelerate interest in multiband, low cost, light weighted,
compact patch antennas however the conventional microstrip antennas suffer with several limitations such as
narrow bandwidth, low gain and low efficiency. To overcome these limitations many researchers worked on
it since the 1980s [1-5], still the research is in process to design compact size, multiband and high gain patch
antennas. Now a days it is desirable to design an antenna which integrate as many applications such as GPS,
wireless area network (WLAN) Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, RFID, into a single device. For this reasons many designs
like dual band F-shape printed monopole antenna [5], multi band slot antenna [6], defected ground (DGS)
multi band patch antenna [7], triple band e-shape patch antenna [8], stub loaded multi band slotted
antenna [9], tri-band microstrip antenna [10] and triple band fractal microstrip antenna [11] have been
proposed. Compact multiband monopole [12] had small size of 30×34×.8m.m.3
but the design is complex in
structure and the maximum antenna gain is -1 dBi for 2 GHz, 1 dBi for 3.5 GHz, and 3.5 dBi for 5 GHz,
e-slot antenna in [8] has maximum gain at two resonant frequencies is 1.5 dBi and total size of antenna is
80x100x1.6m.m3
., the dual band monopole antenna in [6] had size 35x40x1.6m.m.3
with gain 1.87 dbi at
2.45 GHz frequency and 2.88 dbi at 5.18 GHz. In regular microstrip antenna the dual, triple and multi band
response are obtained with respect to fundamental and next higher order mode resonance frequency, but
the radiation pattern characteristics not remains constant over two, three or multi frequencies [8].

TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control 
Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications (Akanksha Gupta)
259
2. METHODOLOGY
In this proposed work the multi band operation is obtained by slot cutting method, for the identical
radiation pattern characteristic as we cut the slot on the patch the higher order modes is generated near to
the fundamental mode which broaden the impedance bandwidth [9]. The location of the feed strip has a
significant effect on impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics. A single layer, compact multi band
microstrip antenna is described. Parametric study of different parameters is also reported to obtain the best
results. The proposed antenna is better than the work studied in literature which is shown with the help of
Table 1.
Table1. Comparison with reference work
Ref. Ant. No. of band Antenna dimensions Resonant frequency (GHz) Total size
[6] 2 35×40× 1.6 2.45, 5.18 2240m.m.3
[8] 3 80 × 100 ×1.59 .738, .922, .970 12720m.m.3
[9] 4 80× 50 × 1.59 .667,.826,.889,1.081 6360m. m.3
[13] 4 44× 56 × .8 1.575,2.45,3.5,5.2 1971.2m.m3
[14] 3 85×85×1.57 2.1, 3.8, 5.3 11343.25 mm.
[15] 2 32× 30 × 3.175 1.56, 2.47 3048mm.3048MM.
Proposed
Antenna
8 30× 50 × .8
1.165, 3.665, 4.605, 5.095, 6.01,
6.835, 8.045, 8.81
1200m.m.3
3. ANTENNA DESIGN
Figure 1 shows the structure of modified e-slotted patch antenna, which consists of a five horizontal
rectangular slots, and one rectangular vertical slot on the radiating patch, the proposed antenna design printed
on glass epoxy substrate of relative permittivity εr 4.4, loss tangent .0013 and substrate height (h) is .8m.m.
A microstrip line feed technique is use for giving the input power, as depicted in Figure 1, the feed line has a
width WF = 3 mm to achieve an impedance of 50Ω. The side view of proposed design shown in Figure 2.
Due to multiple slots antenna resonate at different frequencies , first band resonate at 1.165 GHz cover
the frequency band of 1.02-1.31 GHz for GPS system, second band resonant frequency is 3.665 GHz cover
the frequency band 3.63-3.7 GHz for, forth band resonant frequency is 4.605 GHz cover the band
4.57-4.64 GHz for, 5.095 GHz cover the band 5.06-5.13 GHz for IEEE WLAN standards, 6.01 GHz cover
the band 6.36-6.46 GHz, 6.835 GHz, 8.045 GHz cover 8.01-8.08 GHz, 8.81GHz,cover 8.76-8.86 GHz.
The dimensions of proposed design given in Table 2 are optimum dimensions to obtained multi bands.
Figure 1. Top view of proposed design Figure 2. Side view of proposed design
Table 2. Optimum dimensions of proposed design (all units in mm)
Paramerters LG WG LP L1 W1 L2 L3 W2
Dimensions 30 50 26 5 21 10 22.5 20
Paramerters W3 W4 L4 L5 W5 D WF LF
Dimensions 3 16 19.5 10 3 .5 3 3

 ISSN:1693-6930
TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020: 258 - 263
260
4. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED DESIGN
Rectangular patch is considered as a parallel combination of R1, L1 C1 as shown in Figure 3
according to cavity model, and the value of which are given as [16, 17]:
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit of rectangular patch
𝐶1 =
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝜀0 𝐿 𝑃 𝑊𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠−2( 𝜋𝑦0/𝑊𝑃)
2ℎ
(1)
𝑅1 =
𝑄𝑟
𝜔𝐶1
(2)
𝐿1 = 1
𝜔2 𝐶⁄
1
(3)
𝑄𝑟 =
𝑐√ 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓
8𝑓ℎ
(4)
where 111 ,, LRC are the fed rectangular patch antenna equivalent circuit parameters, Qr is the total quality
factor of the patch, f is the resonant frequency of the patch , LP and WP are the length and width of
the rectangular patch, and h is the thickness of the substrate material, y0 is the x co-ordinate of the feed point
from the center.
Here ω = 2πf and εeff = effective permittivity of the medium which is given as [18, 19]:
𝜺 𝒆𝒇𝒇 =
𝜺 𝒓 + 𝟏
𝟐
+
𝜺 𝒓 − 𝟏
𝟐
(1 + 10ℎ
𝑊𝑃
⁄ )
−
1
2
(5)
the resonant f of the fed patch is calculated as [20]:
𝑓 =
𝑐
2𝐿 𝑃√ 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓
(6)
where c = velocity of light in free space.
The impedance of fed patch according to the equivalent circuit is given as:
𝑍 𝐹1 = (
1
1
𝑅1
+
1
𝑗𝜔𝐿1
+ 𝑗𝜔𝐶1
) (7)
micro strip line is considered as the parallel combination of strip inductance LL1 and the strip capacitance CL1
as shown in Figure 4 is calculated as [21-26]:
𝑪 𝑳𝟏 = √ 𝒘𝑾 𝒇(𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈( 𝒘/𝑾 𝒇) − 𝟒𝟒)𝒑𝑭 (8)
𝐿 𝐿1 = ℎ(40.5(𝑤/𝑊𝑓 − 1) − 75 𝑙𝑜𝑔( 𝑤/𝑊𝑓) + .2(𝑤/𝑊𝑓 − 1)2
𝑛𝐹
where Wf the width of feed strip, the microstrip line impedance ZL1 depends on strip inductance LL1 and strip
capacitance CL1 is shown in Figure 4.

261
Figure 4. Equivalent circuit for microstrip feed
total impedance of the strip is given as:
𝒁 𝑳𝟏 = 𝒋𝝎𝑳 𝑳𝟏 +
𝟏
𝒋𝝎𝑪 𝑳𝟏 +
𝟏
𝒋𝝎𝑳 𝑳𝟏
(9)
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Figure 5 shows the measured result of S11 impedance bandwidth below -10 dB return loss of
proposed design at h = .8m.m., and Figure 6 shows the comparison graph of measured result and simulated
result of proposed design. The proposed design resonate at eight resonant frequencies, 1.165, 3.665, 4.605,
5.095, 6.01, 6.835, 8.045, 8.81 GHz in the simulated with the maximum return loss of -30 dB as shown in
Figure 6. The effect of variation of substrate thickness (h) on number of resonant frequencies is also analyzed
as shown in Figure 7.
The substrate thickness is varied from .8m.m. to 2m.m. at h=.8m.m. 1.2m.m. 1.6m.m. and 2m.m.
from the simulated result it is observed that at h=.8m.m. antenna resonate at eight frequencies and maximum
return loss -30 dB is achieved. While, at h = 1.2m.m. antenna resonate at six frequencies, at h = 1.6m.m.
again antenna resonate at six frequencies, and h=2m.m antenna resonate at three frequencies so it is observed
as we increase the substrate thickness less band is obtained. Figure 8 represents the current distribution on the
patch at different resonant frequency and the magnitude of the current is given in the table attached. It can be
easily concluded with the current distribution that current is concentrated near the slots which has a
significant effect on the impedance bandwidth. Table 3 shows distribution of eight band of frequencies on
which the proposed design resonates.
Figure 5. Measurement result of S11

 ISSN:1693-6930
TELKOMNIKATelecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020: 258 - 263
262
Figure 6. Simulated and measured results S11 of proposed design
Figure 7. Simulated results of S11 at different thickness
Figure 8. Current distribution on the patch at different frequencies
Table3. Distribution of frequency bands
Frequency band No. FL(GHz) FH(GHz) Fc (GHz)
1 1.02 1.31 1.165
2 3.63 3.7 3.665
3 4.57 4.64 4.605
4 5.06 5.13 5.095
5 5.97 6.05 6.01
6 6.76 6.91 6.835
7 8.01 8.08 8.045
8 8.76 8.86 8.81

263
6. CONCLUSION
A low profile, multi band antenna is successfully designed for various applications with good
current distribution. The antenna designed is simple in structure and compact in nature. Eight bands of
frequency are achieved with a simple structure. Also the effect of substrate thickness is studied and best
result is obtained at 0.8 mm thickness which is low. Mathematical analysis of the designed is presented,
the simulated result of s11 is in good agreement with the measured result.The antenna is better than many
antennas exists in size, in number of bands and current distribution.
REFERENCES
[1] G. A. Deschamps, “Microstrip microwave antennas,” Proc. 3rd
USAF symposium on antennas, 1953.
[2] R. E. Munson, “Single slot cavity antennas assembly,” U.S. patent no. 3713162, January 23, 1973.
[3] R. E. Munson, “Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation,
vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 74–78, 1974.
[4] J. Q. Howell, “Microstrip Antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 90–93,
1975.
[5] I. J. Bahl, et al., “Microstrip Antennas,” Dedham, MA: artech house, 1980.
[6] Jyoti ranjan et al., “An F-shaped printed monopole antenna for dual-band RFID and WLAN applications,”
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1478-1481,2011
[7] Mehr-e-Munir et al., “Multiband microstrip patch antenna using DGS for L-Band, s-band, c-band and mobile
applications,” International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and
Computer Science (TCSET), 2016.
[8] Amit A. Deshmukha et al. “Triple band E-shaped Microstrip Antenna,” International conference on advances in
computing & communications, 2016.
[9] A. A. deshmukh, K.P. Ray, “Stub loaded multiband slotted rectangular microstrip antennas,” IET microwave
antennas and propogation, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 529-535, 2009.
[10] Gehansami, et al. “Tri-band microstrip antenna design for wireless applications,” NRJAG Journal of Astronomy
and Geophysics, vol. 2, pp. 39-44, 2013.
[11] Mirhamedrezvani, et al. “Design of multi-band microstrip antenna for wireless communications and ITU
applications,” Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett., vol. 40, pp. 331–334, 2017.
[12] A.R. Jalali, et al. compact multiband monopole “antenna for umts, wimax, and wlan applications, microwave and
optical technology letters, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 844-847, 2016.
[13] Y. F. Cao et al. “A multi band slot antenna for GPS/Wimax/Wlan system,” IEEE transactions on antenna and
propogation, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 952-958, 2015.
[14] Edwin L., et al.” A new triple band microstrip fractal antenna for C-band and S-band applications,” Journal of
microwaves, optoelectronics and electromagnetic applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 210-224, 2016.
[15] B. R. Sanjeeva et al. “Size miniaturization of slit-based circular patch antenna with defected ground structure,”
Microwave and Optical Technology Letter, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2410-2413, 2015
[16] Akanksha gupta, et al. “Theoretical analysis of gap coupled microstrip antenna,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 567-576, 2017.
[17] Tayfun gunel, “Modified resonant frequency calculation for e-shaped and h shaped microstrip patch antennas,”
microwave and optical technology letters, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 2348-2351, 2011.
[18] Vivek Singh “Anchor shape gap coupled patch antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications,” The international
journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 38, no. 1,
pp. 263-286, 2019.
[19] Xinglong Guo, et al. “Design and fabrication of miniaturized loop dual-band fractal antenna based on the silicon
substrate,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 363-365, 2008.
[20] Ang Irene, et al. “An ultra-wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna,” Microwave and Optical Technology
Letters, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1659-1665, 2007.
[21] K. P. Ray, et al. “Gap coupled rectangular microstrip antennas for dual and triple frequency operation,” Microwave
and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1480-1486, 2007.
[22] N.T. Chang et al. “Enhance gain and bandwidth of circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna using gap-coupled
method,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 96, pp. 128-139, 2009.
[23] Binod Kumar Kanaujia, et al. “Analysis and design of gap coupled annular ring microstrip antenna,” International
J. Antenna and propogation Hindawi, pp. 1-5, 2015.
[24] J.A. Ansari et al., “Analysis of shorting pin loaded half disk microstrip antenna for wideband operation”, Progress
in Electromagnetics Research C, vol 6, pp. 179–192, 2009.
[25] P. Kumar et al. “Theoretical investigation of the input impedance of gap-coupled circular microstrip patch
antenna,” J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1148–1160, 2009.
[26] J. A. Ansari et al., “Analysis of a compact and broadband microstrip patch antenna,” Microwave and Optical
Technology Letters, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 2059-2063, 2008.

Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (15)

Similar to Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications

Similar to Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications (20)

More from TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL

More from TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Modified e-slotted patch antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max satellite applications