Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12Self-employed
This document is a student's chemistry investigatory project report on studying the setting of cement mixtures over time. It includes an introduction on cement, the aim to study how cement mixtures with sand, fly ash, and time affect strength. The procedures take cement mixtures and tests their strength after 3, 7, and 30 days by attempting to break slabs. The results found that strength increased with longer setting time and mixtures with fly ash and limestone showed lower required weights to break after each time period compared to a sand-only mixture.
This document appears to be a student project report on investigating the relationship between input/output voltage and number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a transformer. It includes sections on introduction, theory, apparatus, procedure, observations, conclusion, and bibliography. The key points are that the output voltage of a transformer depends on the ratio of turns in the secondary coil to the primary coil, and that there are losses between the input and output resulting in the transformer's efficiency being less than 100%.
Chemistry Investigatory Project of class 12th CBSENagesh Agrawal
This document appears to be a student project report analyzing the contents of different cold drink brands. It includes sections like the introduction, aim, theory, tests conducted to detect ingredients like carbon dioxide, glucose, phosphate, alcohol and sucrose. The results found that all drinks contained these ingredients. The conclusion compares the drinks and finds that Coca Cola is most acidic while Limca is least. Fanta contains the highest sucrose while Sprite has the most carbon dioxide. Potential disadvantages of cold drinks are also discussed.
This document describes the construction and application of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. It begins by introducing Wheatstone bridges and their inventor. It then discusses the key components of a Wheatstone bridge, including four resistors where one has an unknown value. The working principle is explained, where balancing the resistor ratios results in no current through the galvanometer. Example circuits are provided. Applications include measuring light, pressure, strain and more. Limitations include inaccuracies under unbalanced conditions and limited resistance ranges.
Study of quantity of caesin present in different samples of milkNeelanjyan Dutta
This document is a chemistry investigatory project report submitted by a student. It examines the quantity of casein present in different milk samples. The introduction provides background on milk composition and casein. The experiment's aim was to study casein quantity in various milks. Samples of cow, goat, buffalo and Amul milk were tested. After precipitating and weighing the casein, observations showed the percentage of casein varied between samples, from 3.00% in cow milk to 4.20% in buffalo milk. The conclusion is that different milk samples contain different percentages of casein.
Chemistry Investigatory Project - CBSE Class 12NandanRamesh2
This document describes an investigatory chemistry project analyzing the oxalate ion content in guava at different stages of ripening. The student measures the oxalate ion concentration in fresh guava, 1-day old guava, 3-day old guava, and 1-week old guava by titrating guava pulp solutions against a potassium permanganate solution. The results show that the oxalate ion content increases as the guava ripens, with the highest concentration measured in 1-week old guava. Through this project, the student determines that guava fruit contains high amounts of oxalate ions and that the percentage increases with ripening.
Chemistry investigatory project for everyoneApil Meena
This document is a research project report on analyzing the contents of different cold drink brands. It includes an introduction describing the motivation for the project. It then outlines the various experiments conducted to test the cold drinks for properties like pH, carbon dioxide, glucose, and alcohol. The results found that all drinks contained these components. Coca Cola had the lowest pH and highest acidity while Sprite had the most carbon dioxide. The conclusion states that while the drinks contain these ingredients, their frequent consumption can be harmful in large amounts.
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12Self-employed
This document is a student's chemistry investigatory project report on studying the setting of cement mixtures over time. It includes an introduction on cement, the aim to study how cement mixtures with sand, fly ash, and time affect strength. The procedures take cement mixtures and tests their strength after 3, 7, and 30 days by attempting to break slabs. The results found that strength increased with longer setting time and mixtures with fly ash and limestone showed lower required weights to break after each time period compared to a sand-only mixture.
This document appears to be a student project report on investigating the relationship between input/output voltage and number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a transformer. It includes sections on introduction, theory, apparatus, procedure, observations, conclusion, and bibliography. The key points are that the output voltage of a transformer depends on the ratio of turns in the secondary coil to the primary coil, and that there are losses between the input and output resulting in the transformer's efficiency being less than 100%.
Chemistry Investigatory Project of class 12th CBSENagesh Agrawal
This document appears to be a student project report analyzing the contents of different cold drink brands. It includes sections like the introduction, aim, theory, tests conducted to detect ingredients like carbon dioxide, glucose, phosphate, alcohol and sucrose. The results found that all drinks contained these ingredients. The conclusion compares the drinks and finds that Coca Cola is most acidic while Limca is least. Fanta contains the highest sucrose while Sprite has the most carbon dioxide. Potential disadvantages of cold drinks are also discussed.
This document describes the construction and application of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. It begins by introducing Wheatstone bridges and their inventor. It then discusses the key components of a Wheatstone bridge, including four resistors where one has an unknown value. The working principle is explained, where balancing the resistor ratios results in no current through the galvanometer. Example circuits are provided. Applications include measuring light, pressure, strain and more. Limitations include inaccuracies under unbalanced conditions and limited resistance ranges.
Study of quantity of caesin present in different samples of milkNeelanjyan Dutta
This document is a chemistry investigatory project report submitted by a student. It examines the quantity of casein present in different milk samples. The introduction provides background on milk composition and casein. The experiment's aim was to study casein quantity in various milks. Samples of cow, goat, buffalo and Amul milk were tested. After precipitating and weighing the casein, observations showed the percentage of casein varied between samples, from 3.00% in cow milk to 4.20% in buffalo milk. The conclusion is that different milk samples contain different percentages of casein.
Chemistry Investigatory Project - CBSE Class 12NandanRamesh2
This document describes an investigatory chemistry project analyzing the oxalate ion content in guava at different stages of ripening. The student measures the oxalate ion concentration in fresh guava, 1-day old guava, 3-day old guava, and 1-week old guava by titrating guava pulp solutions against a potassium permanganate solution. The results show that the oxalate ion content increases as the guava ripens, with the highest concentration measured in 1-week old guava. Through this project, the student determines that guava fruit contains high amounts of oxalate ions and that the percentage increases with ripening.
Chemistry investigatory project for everyoneApil Meena
This document is a research project report on analyzing the contents of different cold drink brands. It includes an introduction describing the motivation for the project. It then outlines the various experiments conducted to test the cold drinks for properties like pH, carbon dioxide, glucose, and alcohol. The results found that all drinks contained these components. Coca Cola had the lowest pH and highest acidity while Sprite had the most carbon dioxide. The conclusion states that while the drinks contain these ingredients, their frequent consumption can be harmful in large amounts.
This document is a student science project report on analyzing the quantity of casein, a milk protein, in different milk samples. It includes sections introducing the topic, discussing the theory behind casein in milk, describing the experimental procedure, presenting observations of casein quantities in different milk brands, and concluding that Amul brand milk contains the highest percentage of casein. The student received guidance from their chemistry teacher for the project.
Chemistry Investigatory Project on Setting Of Cement Class 12DIVYANSHU KUMAR
This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar, a class 12 student at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 in Visakhapatnam, India under the guidance of his chemistry teacher Mr. B. Sreedhar. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures changed over time when mixed with different materials like sand, fly ash, and lime. It described the key components of cement, the curing process, and factors that affect the setting and hardening of cement mixtures. The student conducted experiments mixing cement with various materials and measured the breaking strength of the samples after 3, 7, and 10 days.
This document describes an experiment to analyze various fruit juices for their nutritional content and acidity. Tests were performed on orange juice, apple juice, pomegranate juice, and guava juice to check for acidity, starch, carbohydrates, iron, and calcium. The results found that the juices were generally acidic, contained carbohydrates, iron, and calcium (except guava juice lacked calcium). The health benefits of each juice are also outlined. In conclusion, fruits and their juices provide important nutrients but should be consumed in moderation from reputable sources.
This document appears to be a chemistry project file submitted by Nikhil Dwivedi, a class 12 science student, on the topic of studying food adulterants. The file includes a certificate, acknowledgements, index, objective, introduction on food adulteration and laws, and details of experiments conducted to detect adulterants in foods like oils, fats, sugar and spices. The introduction provides background on food adulteration issues and legislation in India and other countries to protect consumers from health risks of adulterated foods.
This document appears to be a student's chemistry project report on studying the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and the effects of temperature and pH on this process. It includes sections on objectives, introduction, materials, procedures, observations, and conclusions for 3 experiments. The first experiment examines the digestion of starch by saliva over time. The second analyzes the impact of temperature. The third evaluates the impact of pH. The report was guided by a teacher and examines the student's investigation on how salivary amylase breaks down starch at different temperatures and pH levels.
This document is a chemistry investigatory project report on determining the quantity of casein present in different milk samples. It includes an introduction on casein and milk composition, the theory behind casein precipitation using acid, the procedure where casein is precipitated from various milk samples using acetic acid and weighed, observations of the measured casein quantities, and a conclusion that the casein content varies between milk sources.
Study Of oxalte ion in guava fruit at different stages of ripeningPrince Warade
guava is sweet,juicy,light or dark green coulured fruit.we will learn to test for the presence of oxalate ions in the guava fruit and how its amount varies during different stages of ripening.
FARADAY LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION CLASS 12 PROJECTAjay Kumar
This document is a physics investigatory project submitted by Ajaykumar of class XII-A on the topic of electromagnetic induction. The aim was to determine Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The apparatus used included an insulated copper wire, an iron rod, a strong magnet, and a light emitting diode. The theory section explains magnetic flux, how a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force, and Faraday's law. The conclusion appreciates the profound impact of Faraday's law on applications ranging from power generation to mobile devices.
Chemistry project part 1 caseins in milk......AnuragSharma530
1) The document is a chemistry investigatory project report by Arpit Ranka studying the quantity of casein in different milk samples.
2) The aim was to study the quantity of casein in buffalo's milk, cow's milk, goat's milk, and sheep's milk.
3) The results found that goat's milk contained the highest percentage of casein at 3.67%, followed by buffalo's milk at 2.73%, then cow's milk at 1.64%.
Copy Of Determination Of The Contents Of Cold DrinksHimanshu Sagar
Himanshu Sagar, a class XII student, conducted a chemistry project to analyze the contents of different cold drink brands through qualitative analysis. Tests were performed to detect the presence of carbon dioxide, glucose, phosphate, alcohol and sucrose. The results showed that all drinks contained these components. Coca Cola was found to be the most acidic while Limca was the least. Sprite had the maximum carbon dioxide while Fanta had the minimum. The project concluded by discussing both the disadvantages and uses of cold drinks.
cbse class 12th, chemistry investigatory projectNIKHIL DWIVEDI
This document appears to be a chemistry project file submitted by Nikhil Dwivedi, a class 12 science student, on the topic of studying food adulterants. The file includes a certificate, acknowledgements, index, objective, introduction on food adulteration and laws, and details of experiments conducted to detect adulterants in foods like oils, fats, sugar and spices. The introduction provides background on food adulteration issues and legislation in India and other countries to protect consumers from health risks of adulterated foods.
This document is a project report submitted by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 for his Physics practical on transformers. It includes an introduction to transformers, the theory behind their working, procedures followed to study step-up and step-down transformers designed with different turn ratios of coils. Observations from experiments are recorded in a table. The conclusions drawn are that output voltage depends on the ratio of turns and there is power loss between input and output coils. Precautions taken and possible sources of error are also stated.
The document describes an experiment on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. It includes an aim to determine the law using a copper wire, iron rod and magnet. It also includes sections on the certificate, acknowledgement, apparatus, introduction explaining the theory behind electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday and Henry. The theory section defines magnetic flux and describes Faraday's law that the induced electromotive force in a closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. It concludes that Faraday's law has many applications and impacts our lives in powering technologies.
Karthik Premanand completed a physics project on electromagnetic induction. The project aimed to demonstrate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The document provides background on electromagnetic induction, including its discovery by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. It also explains Faraday's law, defining concepts like magnetic flux and deriving the equation that quantifies the law. The conclusion summarizes that Faraday's law relates an induced electric potential to a changing magnetic field and describes its widespread applications.
identification of cations and anions present in toothpasteM Sai Sankharan
The document describes an experiment to identify the cations and anions present in toothpaste. Key findings include:
- Tests were conducted on samples of toothpaste using chemical reagents. Precipitates formed indicating the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, carbonate, and iodide ions.
- Additional components found in toothpaste include abrasives like silica, fluoride compounds, and surfactants. Other common ingredients are antibacterial agents, flavorings, and remineralizers.
- Toothpaste aims to promote oral hygiene through abrasion of plaque, delivery of fluoride, and foaming which helps distribute the paste. While not intended for swallowing, small amounts accidentally ingested are generally
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...Arjun Kumar Sah
1) The document is a 19 page physics investigatory project submitted by a student on the topic of a tangent galvanometer.
2) A tangent galvanometer is used to measure electric current by comparing the magnetic field generated by an unknown current to the Earth's magnetic field.
3) The student describes the components of a tangent galvanometer and its operating principle. Experiments are conducted to determine the reduction factor of the galvanometer and the horizontal intensity of the Earth's magnetic field at the location.
ANTACIDS - Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 CBSESaksham Mittal
The document discusses a proposed settlement agreement between two parties, John Doe and Richard Roe, to resolve legal issues arising from a dispute. The agreement states that John will pay Richard $5,000 in exchange for Richard dropping all claims against John and providing a full release of liability. Both parties agree to keep the settlement terms confidential and not disparage each other publicly.
This document describes an experiment to study how the self-inductance of a coil depends on various factors. The factors that affect self-inductance are the number of turns in the coil, the coil area, coil length, and the core material. The experiment involves measuring the current through and brightness of a bulb connected in series with a coil across an AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted. The results show that current and brightness decrease when an iron core is inserted and increase at lower frequencies, demonstrating how self-inductance depends on the factors studied.
This document outlines the marking scheme for CXC CSEC Principles of Business SBA research projects. It is divided into three parts - Organizational Principles (P1), Production/Marketing/Finance (P2), and The Business Environment (P3). P2 focuses on one of three topics and has specific criteria for Production, Marketing, and Finance. The project is marked out of 40 total and must be presented in a soft folder with the student's details.
The document acknowledges and thanks several individuals for their assistance in completing a software requirements specification report. It thanks Almighty Allah, supervisor Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar for sharing his knowledge, director Dr. K. M. Sakib for his assistance which was crucial to completing the report, and the Program Coordinators of PGDIT for helping collect information. The Program Officer and Accountant are also thanked.
This document is a student science project report on analyzing the quantity of casein, a milk protein, in different milk samples. It includes sections introducing the topic, discussing the theory behind casein in milk, describing the experimental procedure, presenting observations of casein quantities in different milk brands, and concluding that Amul brand milk contains the highest percentage of casein. The student received guidance from their chemistry teacher for the project.
Chemistry Investigatory Project on Setting Of Cement Class 12DIVYANSHU KUMAR
This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar, a class 12 student at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 in Visakhapatnam, India under the guidance of his chemistry teacher Mr. B. Sreedhar. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures changed over time when mixed with different materials like sand, fly ash, and lime. It described the key components of cement, the curing process, and factors that affect the setting and hardening of cement mixtures. The student conducted experiments mixing cement with various materials and measured the breaking strength of the samples after 3, 7, and 10 days.
This document describes an experiment to analyze various fruit juices for their nutritional content and acidity. Tests were performed on orange juice, apple juice, pomegranate juice, and guava juice to check for acidity, starch, carbohydrates, iron, and calcium. The results found that the juices were generally acidic, contained carbohydrates, iron, and calcium (except guava juice lacked calcium). The health benefits of each juice are also outlined. In conclusion, fruits and their juices provide important nutrients but should be consumed in moderation from reputable sources.
This document appears to be a chemistry project file submitted by Nikhil Dwivedi, a class 12 science student, on the topic of studying food adulterants. The file includes a certificate, acknowledgements, index, objective, introduction on food adulteration and laws, and details of experiments conducted to detect adulterants in foods like oils, fats, sugar and spices. The introduction provides background on food adulteration issues and legislation in India and other countries to protect consumers from health risks of adulterated foods.
This document appears to be a student's chemistry project report on studying the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and the effects of temperature and pH on this process. It includes sections on objectives, introduction, materials, procedures, observations, and conclusions for 3 experiments. The first experiment examines the digestion of starch by saliva over time. The second analyzes the impact of temperature. The third evaluates the impact of pH. The report was guided by a teacher and examines the student's investigation on how salivary amylase breaks down starch at different temperatures and pH levels.
This document is a chemistry investigatory project report on determining the quantity of casein present in different milk samples. It includes an introduction on casein and milk composition, the theory behind casein precipitation using acid, the procedure where casein is precipitated from various milk samples using acetic acid and weighed, observations of the measured casein quantities, and a conclusion that the casein content varies between milk sources.
Study Of oxalte ion in guava fruit at different stages of ripeningPrince Warade
guava is sweet,juicy,light or dark green coulured fruit.we will learn to test for the presence of oxalate ions in the guava fruit and how its amount varies during different stages of ripening.
FARADAY LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION CLASS 12 PROJECTAjay Kumar
This document is a physics investigatory project submitted by Ajaykumar of class XII-A on the topic of electromagnetic induction. The aim was to determine Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The apparatus used included an insulated copper wire, an iron rod, a strong magnet, and a light emitting diode. The theory section explains magnetic flux, how a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force, and Faraday's law. The conclusion appreciates the profound impact of Faraday's law on applications ranging from power generation to mobile devices.
Chemistry project part 1 caseins in milk......AnuragSharma530
1) The document is a chemistry investigatory project report by Arpit Ranka studying the quantity of casein in different milk samples.
2) The aim was to study the quantity of casein in buffalo's milk, cow's milk, goat's milk, and sheep's milk.
3) The results found that goat's milk contained the highest percentage of casein at 3.67%, followed by buffalo's milk at 2.73%, then cow's milk at 1.64%.
Copy Of Determination Of The Contents Of Cold DrinksHimanshu Sagar
Himanshu Sagar, a class XII student, conducted a chemistry project to analyze the contents of different cold drink brands through qualitative analysis. Tests were performed to detect the presence of carbon dioxide, glucose, phosphate, alcohol and sucrose. The results showed that all drinks contained these components. Coca Cola was found to be the most acidic while Limca was the least. Sprite had the maximum carbon dioxide while Fanta had the minimum. The project concluded by discussing both the disadvantages and uses of cold drinks.
cbse class 12th, chemistry investigatory projectNIKHIL DWIVEDI
This document appears to be a chemistry project file submitted by Nikhil Dwivedi, a class 12 science student, on the topic of studying food adulterants. The file includes a certificate, acknowledgements, index, objective, introduction on food adulteration and laws, and details of experiments conducted to detect adulterants in foods like oils, fats, sugar and spices. The introduction provides background on food adulteration issues and legislation in India and other countries to protect consumers from health risks of adulterated foods.
This document is a project report submitted by Divyanshu Kumar of class 12 for his Physics practical on transformers. It includes an introduction to transformers, the theory behind their working, procedures followed to study step-up and step-down transformers designed with different turn ratios of coils. Observations from experiments are recorded in a table. The conclusions drawn are that output voltage depends on the ratio of turns and there is power loss between input and output coils. Precautions taken and possible sources of error are also stated.
The document describes an experiment on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. It includes an aim to determine the law using a copper wire, iron rod and magnet. It also includes sections on the certificate, acknowledgement, apparatus, introduction explaining the theory behind electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday and Henry. The theory section defines magnetic flux and describes Faraday's law that the induced electromotive force in a closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. It concludes that Faraday's law has many applications and impacts our lives in powering technologies.
Karthik Premanand completed a physics project on electromagnetic induction. The project aimed to demonstrate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The document provides background on electromagnetic induction, including its discovery by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. It also explains Faraday's law, defining concepts like magnetic flux and deriving the equation that quantifies the law. The conclusion summarizes that Faraday's law relates an induced electric potential to a changing magnetic field and describes its widespread applications.
identification of cations and anions present in toothpasteM Sai Sankharan
The document describes an experiment to identify the cations and anions present in toothpaste. Key findings include:
- Tests were conducted on samples of toothpaste using chemical reagents. Precipitates formed indicating the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, carbonate, and iodide ions.
- Additional components found in toothpaste include abrasives like silica, fluoride compounds, and surfactants. Other common ingredients are antibacterial agents, flavorings, and remineralizers.
- Toothpaste aims to promote oral hygiene through abrasion of plaque, delivery of fluoride, and foaming which helps distribute the paste. While not intended for swallowing, small amounts accidentally ingested are generally
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...Arjun Kumar Sah
1) The document is a 19 page physics investigatory project submitted by a student on the topic of a tangent galvanometer.
2) A tangent galvanometer is used to measure electric current by comparing the magnetic field generated by an unknown current to the Earth's magnetic field.
3) The student describes the components of a tangent galvanometer and its operating principle. Experiments are conducted to determine the reduction factor of the galvanometer and the horizontal intensity of the Earth's magnetic field at the location.
ANTACIDS - Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 CBSESaksham Mittal
The document discusses a proposed settlement agreement between two parties, John Doe and Richard Roe, to resolve legal issues arising from a dispute. The agreement states that John will pay Richard $5,000 in exchange for Richard dropping all claims against John and providing a full release of liability. Both parties agree to keep the settlement terms confidential and not disparage each other publicly.
This document describes an experiment to study how the self-inductance of a coil depends on various factors. The factors that affect self-inductance are the number of turns in the coil, the coil area, coil length, and the core material. The experiment involves measuring the current through and brightness of a bulb connected in series with a coil across an AC source of varying frequency both with and without an iron core inserted. The results show that current and brightness decrease when an iron core is inserted and increase at lower frequencies, demonstrating how self-inductance depends on the factors studied.
This document outlines the marking scheme for CXC CSEC Principles of Business SBA research projects. It is divided into three parts - Organizational Principles (P1), Production/Marketing/Finance (P2), and The Business Environment (P3). P2 focuses on one of three topics and has specific criteria for Production, Marketing, and Finance. The project is marked out of 40 total and must be presented in a soft folder with the student's details.
The document acknowledges and thanks several individuals for their assistance in completing a software requirements specification report. It thanks Almighty Allah, supervisor Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar for sharing his knowledge, director Dr. K. M. Sakib for his assistance which was crucial to completing the report, and the Program Coordinators of PGDIT for helping collect information. The Program Officer and Accountant are also thanked.
Project front page, index, certificate, and acknowledgementAnupam Narang
This document is a certificate from Mount Abu Public School certifying that a student completed a research project in physics for their class 12 examination under the guidance of their teacher, Mr. Anupam Narang. It includes an acknowledgement thanking various people who supported the student in completing the project, including their principal, teacher, parents and friends. It also provides an index of the contents and structure of the research project.
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 - Green Chemistry - Bio Diesel And B...Dhananjay Dhiman
Chemistry investigatory project for class 12 CBSE on the topic Green chemistry - bio diesel and bio petrol. It includes all the necessary formats and the content is relevant for the CBSE practical examination.
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by reduced or absent globin chain synthesis. It is characterized by microcytic hypochromic anemia and is classified into alpha or beta thalassemia based on the affected globin type. Common symptoms include pallor, jaundice, bone abnormalities, enlarged liver and spleen, and life-long transfusions and chelation therapy are often required for beta thalassemia major. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low hemoglobin and red blood cell indices with elevated fetal hemoglobin and management focuses on blood transfusions, iron chelation drugs, and potentially splenectomy or bone marrow transplant.
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by decreased production of the alpha or beta globin chains that make up hemoglobin. This leads to decreased hemoglobin synthesis and anemia. The severity depends on the number of mutant genes, ranging from mild chronic anemia to transfusion-dependent thalassemia major. Management involves regular blood transfusions along with iron chelation therapy to prevent complications from iron overload.
Halima, an 11-year-old girl with consanguineous parents, presented with not growing well, gradual pallor, and abdominal distension for 7 years. On examination, she was severely pale with facial dysmorphism and hepatosplenomegaly. Her history included repeated blood transfusions. She was diagnosed with hereditary hemolytic anemia. The seminar discussed thalassemia, including the types of thalassemia, clinical features, investigations, complications, and management with a focus on blood transfusions and chelation therapy.
This document is an index for a project on soil pollution. It contains definitions, causes, effects, and solutions related to soil pollution. The index outlines slides on acknowledging the teacher, defining soil pollution, identifying causes such as deforestation and unsustainable agriculture, explaining effects like soil erosion and health impacts, and proposing solutions involving reducing waste and encouraging reforestation.
The document provides guidelines for students completing an investigatory project, including:
1) The objectives are to apply chemistry concepts, develop interest in scientific work, provide educational opportunities through participation in research, and recognize student efforts.
2) The project write-up should follow a specified format including a title page, abstract, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusions.
3) Scientific fraud and plagiarism will not be tolerated and fraudulent projects will be disqualified.
Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia are genetic blood disorders that result in abnormal hemoglobin. Hemoglobinopathies are caused by mutations in the globin chains of hemoglobin molecules, while thalassemias are caused by reduced or absent globin chain production. Sickle cell disease is a hemoglobinopathy caused by a mutation in the beta globin chain that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells. Thalassemias include alpha and beta thalassemia, which are characterized by decreased alpha or beta globin chain production leading to anemia. Management involves blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and in some cases stem cell transplantation.
The document is a student project on drugs and addiction. It contains 3 sections:
1) It defines drugs and describes their medical and non-medical uses which can lead to dependence.
2) It classifies common drugs like sedatives, opiates, stimulants and hallucinogens and provides examples of each with their effects.
3) It discusses how drug addiction begins and the social impacts of smoking, drinking and drug use. It also outlines the sources and effects of tobacco, alcohol and their harmful components.
- Drugs are classified based on their structure, mechanism of action, and pharmacological effects. Drugs interact with biomolecules like lipids and proteins, called drug targets.
- Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. Drugs can inhibit enzymes by competing for active sites or binding to allosteric sites.
- Receptors are proteins involved in cell communication. Chemical messengers bind to receptor sites to transmit messages without entering cells.
- Different classes of drugs are used to treat various conditions like pain, infection, inflammation, and more. Drugs are classified based on their therapeutic use and chemical structure.
The document acknowledges those who helped and supported the author during their internship and project work at Britannia Industries LTD. The author thanks their manager for providing the opportunity, two other officials for guidance and encouragement, and staff members at Britannia for their help during the project. The author also thanks the director of their institute for allowing them to undertake the project.
chemistry investigatory project class 12Roshan Bastia
The document is a student project investigating the contents of various cold drink brands. Through a series of chemical tests, the student determined that all the drinks contained glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate, and carbon dioxide. Additionally, all the drinks were acidic, with Coca Cola being the most acidic and Limca the least. Sprite contained the most carbon dioxide while Fanta contained the least. In conclusion, the tests revealed that while the drinks varied in their specific contents, they all contained the same core ingredients.
The document discusses the development and benefits of an herbal coffee made from bitter melon and malunggay seeds. It aims to address issues of waste reduction and provide health benefits. Researchers created "Ampalunggay Herbal Coffee" using a process of toasting, grinding, and brewing the seeds. The coffee is proposed to help lower diabetes risk from antioxidants in the seeds while also reducing food waste. The document reviews related literature on coffee's health benefits and studies on using plant materials for alternative coffees or medicines.
1. Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders caused by a defect in the synthesis of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin. There are two main types - alpha and beta thalassemia.
2. Symptoms range from mild anemia to life-threatening conditions depending on the type and severity. Diagnosis involves blood tests and family screening. Treatment involves lifelong blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy for severe cases.
3. Complications include iron overload, organ damage, bone changes and endocrine abnormalities which require monitoring and additional management. While transplantation offers a cure, compliance with treatment and managing complications long-term is important to maximize outcomes for patients.
Alpha thalassemia is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for producing alpha globin, resulting in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia. It is characterized by mild to severe anemia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and other symptoms. Treatment involves regular blood transfusions, folic acid supplements, and iron chelation therapy. Bone marrow transplant may cure severe cases. Beta thalassemia is caused by mutations in the beta globin gene and is characterized by severe anemia and other symptoms from an early age. Treatment focuses on blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy.
- The document is a chemistry project submitted by a student named Tarun Malhotra analyzing samples of brass and bronze through qualitative analysis.
- It thanks various teachers and administrators for their support and contains an index of sections including introductions to alloys, common alloys like brass and bronze, how to prepare alloys, and descriptions of the qualitative analysis experiments performed on samples of brass and bronze.
- The experiments aimed to identify the metal constituents in the samples through chemical tests to detect copper and zinc in brass and tests for copper and tin in bronze.
This document is a chemistry investigatory project report on the setting of cement. It includes an introduction on cement and its uses. The aim is to study how the strength of cement mixtures with sand, fly ash, and lime varies over time. The methodology involves preparing mixtures and testing their strength after 3, 7, and 10 days. Observation shows that strength increases with setting time. The conclusion is that strength increases as setting time allows hydration to occur.
This document appears to be a chemistry investigatory project report submitted by a 12th grade student. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking various teachers, family members, and sources who provided assistance. The aim of the project was to study the setting of cement mixtures with sand, fly ash, and lime over time and their strength. The report describes the theory behind how the quality of sand and time affect cement setting. It outlines the apparatus used, procedures followed, observations of strength tested at various days, conclusions drawn, and precautions taken.
This document is a student's chemistry lab demonstration file on the topic of cement. It summarizes the student's procedures for creating cement mixtures with varying compositions and allowing them to set over different time periods. The strength of the cement mixtures was tested after 3, 7, and 30 days. The results showed that the strength of the cement mixtures increased with longer setting times. The student acknowledges the help received from their teacher and laboratory assistant.
This document is an investigatory chemistry project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Arpit Singh, a class 12 student at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1 in Kanpur, India under the guidance of his chemistry teacher, Mrs. Rashmi Singh. The project examines how the quality of sand, addition of fly ash or lime, and time impact the setting and strength of cement mixtures. It describes the materials, procedures, observations, and conclusions of an experiment where cement mixtures of different compositions were allowed to set for 3, 7, and 10 days and then tested for their minimum breaking strength.
This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar, a class 12 student at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 in Visakhapatnam, India under the guidance of his chemistry teacher Mr. B. Sreedhar. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures changed over time when mixed with different materials like sand, fly ash, and lime. It found that the strength of cement mixtures increased with longer setting times. The document provided background information on cement and discussed factors that affect the setting of cement mortar like the quality of sand used and the amount of time allowed for setting.
This document is a chemistry investigatory project on the setting of cement. It was completed by Divyanshu Kumar, a class 12 student at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 in Visakhapatnam, India under the guidance of his chemistry teacher Mr. B. Sreedhar. The project studied how the strength of cement mixtures changed over time when mixed with different materials like sand, fly ash, and lime. It described the key components of cement, the curing process, and factors that affect the setting and hardening of cement mixtures. The student conducted experiments mixing cement with various materials and measured the strength of the samples after 3, 7, and 10 days.
This document summarizes a student's chemistry project on studying the setting of cement mixtures. The project involved two experiments: 1) Studying how mixtures of cement with lime, sand, fly ash, and rice husk set at different ratios. Strength was tested after 3 days. 2) Studying how mixtures of cement with sand, lime, and fly ash set over time (3, 7, and 30 days), and how strength increases with time. The document includes an introduction on cement setting, procedures, observations tables and conclusions for each experiment, as well as acknowledgments and references.
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength characteristics of fly ash concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that is commonly used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete. The study investigated different dosages of fly ash from 0-30% replacement of cement, along with dosages of 0-1% of a superplasticizer. Tests were conducted on fresh and hardened concrete to evaluate the effects on workability, compressive strength, and the SCM properties of fly ash. The results were analyzed to better understand how fly ash influences the properties of concrete.
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength characteristics of fly ash concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that is commonly used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete. The study investigated different dosages of fly ash from 0-30% replacement of cement, along with dosages of 0-1% of a superplasticizer. Tests were conducted on fresh and hardened concrete to evaluate the effects on workability, compressive strength, and the SCM properties of fly ash. The results were analyzed to better understand how fly ash influences the properties of concrete.
Aggregates: Review of types; sampling and testing; effects on properties of concrete, production of artificial aggregates.
Cements: Review of types of cements, chemical composition; properties and tests, chemical and physical process of hydration,Blended cements.Properties of fresh concrete - basics regarding fresh concrete –
mixing, workability, placement, consolidation, and curing,
segregation and bleeding
Chemical Admixtures: types and classification; actions and
interactions; usage; effects on properties of concrete
Mineral Admixtures: Flyash, ground granulated blast furnace slag,
metakaolin, rice-husk ash and
silica fume; chemical composition; physical characteristics; effects
on properties of concrete; advantages and disadvantages.
Proportioning of concrete mixtures: Factors considered in the design of mix . BIS Method, ACI method.,Properties of hardened concrete: Strength- compressive tensile
and flexure - Elastic properties - Modulus of elasticity - Creep-
factors affecting creep, effect of creep - shrinkage- factors affecting
shrinkage, plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, autogeneous
shrinkage, carbonation shrinkage ,Durability of concrete: Durability concept; factors affecting,
reinforcement corrosion; fire resistance; frost damage; sulfate
attack; alkali silica reaction; concrete in sea water, statistical quality
control, acceptance criteria as per BIS code.
Non-destructive testing of concrete: Surface Hardness, Ultrasonic,
Penetration resistance, Pull-out test, chemical testing for chloride
and carbonation- core cutting - measuring reinforcement cover
Special concretes - Lightweight concrete- description of various
types -High strength concrete - Self compacting concrete -Roller
compacted concrete – Ready mixed concrete – Fibre reinforced
concrete - polymer concrete
Special processes and technology for particular types of
structure - Sprayed concrete; underwater concrete, mass concrete;
slip form construction, Prefabrication technology
This document describes an internship report on the construction of a cement concrete road by Deepak Athwal at the Public Works Department in Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh, India from June 26 to July 24, 2014. It provides details on the materials, design, and process used to construct an 800 meter long, 7 meter wide cement concrete road with a cost of 4.5 crore rupees. Key steps in the construction included preparation of the subgrade and base, formwork, mixing and placing concrete, compaction, curing, and allowing the road to be opened for traffic. Standard tests were performed on the concrete including slump, compression, and cube tests to ensure quality.
This document provides information about concrete, including its definition, classification, mix design, tests, and qualities. It can be summarized in 3 sentences:
Concrete is summarized as a composite material made of cement, sand, stone and water that is widely used in construction. The document outlines various types of concrete based on binding material, design, and purpose, and discusses factors in concrete mix design, methods of mixing, placing, curing, and tests to determine qualities like strength, workability, and water tightness. Modern concrete is the most widely used man-made material and the document provides its classification and testing methods.
The document summarizes a site tour of an Al Saeed ready mix concrete plant. It describes the raw materials used - coarse aggregates like basalt, fine aggregates like sand, water, and admixtures. It explains the testing done on aggregates including impact, abrasion, and sieve analysis tests. The concrete production process is outlined involving storing materials, mixing in a machine, slump testing, and curing cube samples. The tour provided insight into equipment, strength testing, and benefits of ready mix concrete and sandwich blocks.
This slideset was prepared as a student group assignment, for a class on-Introduction to Construction Materials. The facts shown and data used are most relevant to the Indian Context. Prepared by- K. Hari Chandana, Sukirti Sah, Tanya Talwar, Rana Sarkar, Akriti Srivastava, Jitendriya Meher, Anshuman Abhisek Mishra : 1st Sem B. Arch, School of Planning & Architecture, Bhopal, MP, India
use of fly ash and silica fume as a partial replacement of cement in concreteHIMANSHU KUMAR AGRAHARI
this project was done with help of few members, in this project, we have replaced cement partially with fly ash and silica fumes, and tested the cubes with different mix and at different time of curing period
The document discusses plastic soil concrete, which is a mixture of plastic waste, soil, cement, aggregates, and steel bars. It aims to address problems of soil conservation, plastic waste management, and reducing the extraction of natural aggregates. The document outlines the objectives of studying the strength and properties of plastic soil concrete compared to conventional concrete. It also details the materials, preparation, and testing of plastic soil concrete cubes, finding their compressive strength and water absorption to be comparable or improved to conventional concrete cubes.
The document discusses the composition and production of cement and concrete. It explains that cement is produced by heating limestone and clay and is the binding agent in concrete. Concrete is made from a mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water. The document also outlines different types of cement and concrete, as well as additives that can be included to give concrete special properties or qualities.
General ingredients of Concrete and their components in details.FaizanPariejwala
This document provides information on the key ingredients of concrete - cement, aggregates, water, and additives. It discusses the history and development of cement, the role that each ingredient plays in concrete, and the advantages and types of concrete. Testing methods for concrete are also summarized, including destructive, non-destructive, and partially-destructive tests.
This document is a summer training report on the construction of cement concrete pavement for a rural municipality works department. It discusses the key materials used in concrete pavement construction including cement, sand, aggregate and their proportions. It also outlines the procedures to construct the pavement from site preparation, mixing and transporting concrete, placement, compaction and curing. The report aims to improve practices for more effective concrete pavement projects.
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M.B.S PUBLIC SCHOOL
2014-15
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
SETTING OF CEMENT
Name:- Ayashkant Mishra
Class:- XII
Section:- A
Roll No:-
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M.B.S Public School
Department Of Chemistry
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ayashkant Mishra, a student of class XII-A has successfully completed the research on the below mentioned project under the guidance of Mr. …………( Subject Teacher ) during the year 2014-15 in partial fulfillment of chemistry practical examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi.
Signature of external examiner Signature of chemistry teacher
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete this project with success. Then I would like to thank my physics teacher Mr. …………. , whose valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof success his suggestions and his instructions has served as the major contributor towards the completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who have helped me a lot.
Ayashkant Mishra
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INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE OF EXCELLENCE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF PROJECT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
8. USES OF TRANSFORMERS
9. CONCLUSION
10. PRECAUTIONS
11. BIBILIOGRAPHY
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AIM OF THE PROJECT
To study the setting of mixture of cement with sand, lime and fly ash with respect to time and strength.
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INTRODUCTION
In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word “ cement “ traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder.
The volcanic ash and a pulverized brick additive that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, ceament and cement.
The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete.
The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material that is durable in the face of normal environment effects.
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PORTLAND CEMENT
Cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate), with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450ͦC in a kiln, in a process known as calcinations, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide or quicklime, which is then blended with the other materials that have been included in the mix.
The resulting hard substance, called ‘clinker’, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make ‘Ordinary Portland Cement’, the most commonly used type of cement (often referred to as OPC).Portland cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and non specialty grout. The most common use for Portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water. As a construction material, concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired and once hardened, can become a structural (load baering) element. Portland cement may be gray or white.
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Construction of Buildings Using Cement
Cement used in construction is characterised as hydraulic or non-hydraulic. Hydraulic cements (eg. Portland cement) harden because of hydration chemical reactions that occurs independently Of the mixture’s water content; they can harden even underwater or when constantly exposed to wet weather. The chemical reaction that results when the anhydrous cement powder is mixed with water produces hydrates that are not water-soluble. Non-hydraulic cements (eg. Lime and gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in order to retain their strength.
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Theory
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ON SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
Sand obtained from different sources has different qualities. For example, Sea sand obtained from sea contains unwanted salts and retards setting of cement and is not suitable for making mortar.
On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained from pits in the soil and the River sand obtained from riverbed is considered excellent for preparing mortar and concrete.
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EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
Time has an important role on strength of developed cement mortar. When a cement paste in the ratio 1:3 in water is allowed to dry, the strength of solid mass keeps on increasing with increase in time given for setting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
BEAKER GLASS ROD WEIGHT
MATCH BOX BEAKERS
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LIMESTONE River sand
Cement fly ash
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PROCEDURE
1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in Observation table.
2. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers and prepare their pastes by adding minimum amount of water
3. Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark them from 1 to 9.
4. Fill the three cases with the paste of each composition.
5. Spray water from time to time over the paste ,so that they remain moist all the time.
6. After three days, take out one slab of each composition and test their strengths.
7. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days after 30 days respectively and test their strengths.
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OBSERVATIONS
By seeing the observation we can estimate the hardness of the slab.
Sl
No.
COMPOSITION
OF
MIXTURE
AND
RATIO
MINIMUM WEIGHT TO BREAK THE SLAB AFTER
3
DAYS
7
DAYS
10
DAYS
1.
CEMENT:REVER SAND (1:3)
18 GRAM
20 GRAM
30 GRAM
2.
CEMENT:RIVER SAND:FLY ASH (2:9:1)
16 GRAM
18 GRAM
26 GRAM
3.
CEMENT:RIVER SAND:LIME (1:3:1)
10 GRAM
15 GRAM
20 GRAM
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CONCLUSION
The strength of the slab increases with the increase in setting time allowed.
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PRECAUTIONS
Handle the glass wares safely.
Allow the time required to set.
Spray only required amount of water.
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BIBILIOGRAPHY
1. WWW.GOOGLE.COM
2. WWW.SCRIBD.COM
3. NCERT LAB MANUAL FOR CLASS 12
4. WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM