Web Introduction

Computer Network
Program Study Technopreneurship – Surya University 2

Tujuan Jaringan Komputer
1. Pembagian sumber daya (Sharing Devices) - aplikasi, printer, CPU,
memori, harddisk.
2. Komunikasi (Communication) - Voice over IP (VOIP), e-mail, video
conferencing, instant messaging, chatting.
3. Akses informasi (Sharing Informasi) - Mempertahankan informasi dan
up-to-date.
4. Akses sistem penyimpanan data terpusat ataupun terdistribusi (Sharing
Data)

Internet = Web?
The World-Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is certainly what most people think of when
they see the word “internet.”
But the WWW is only a subset of the Internet.
The answer is no
Internet
Web
Email
Online
gaming
FTP
Can we think of any more applications
that run on the internet?

INTERNET & THE WEB
 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
 The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a
hardware and software infrastructure that provides
connectivity between computers.

Sejarah Perkembangan Internet
• Diawali tahun 1969 oleh Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat dengan
nama ARPAnet (US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) ->
Jaringan Komputer untuk pertahanan dan keamanan USA.
• Sesudahnya, internet mulai digunakan untuk kepentingan akademis
dengan menghubungkan beberapa perguruan tinggi, masing-masing
UCLA, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of Utah, dan
Stanford Research Institute.
• Protokol standar TCP/IP mulai diperkenalkan pada tahun 1982, disusul
dengan penggunaan sistem DNS (Domain Name Service) pada 1984.

Sejarah Perkembangan Internet
• Pada awalnya, internet hanya menawarkan layanan berbasis teks, meliputi
remote access, email/messaging, maupun diskusi melalui Mailing List.
• Tahun 1990 -> www (world wide web)
• Tahun 1992 -> www browser
• Penggunaan internet secara komersial dimulai pada 1994 dipelopori oleh
perusahaan Pizza Hut, dan Internet Banking pertama kali diaplikasikan
oleh First Virtual.
• Setahun kemudian, Compuserve, America Online, dan Prodigy mulai
memberikan layanan akses ke Internet bagi masyarakat umum.
• Komersial Internet baru masuk Indonesia pada tahun 1994

Kleinrock Internet History Center UCLA
Sumber (http://internethistory.ucla.edu/)

Perkembangan Web

DYNAMIC WEBSITE = WEB 2.0 and BEYOND

Internet Hardware From The Home Computer
To The Local Internet Provider

31
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
Example:
http://www.cityu.edu.hk/scm/index.htm
Prefix
The transfer protocol
required to request data
from the server
Host name
Identifies a particular
computer somewhere on
the Internet
Path
Identifies a file within a
hierarchical directory
structure on the server

SM5312 week 5: web technology basics 32
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
Example:
Prefix
from the server
Host name
the Internet
Path

IP Addresses and DNS
Every computer connected to the Internet must
have a unique IP address, no matter whether it’s a
client or a server (or both)
An IP address is just a number that identifies a
host on the Internet. Example:
212.171.218.34 or 144.214.5.218
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a database
that matches IP addresses to host names

IP Address

37
Domain Names
And the Domain Name System (DNS) translates
host names into IP addresses, which are then
used by TCP to establish connections between
HTTP clients and servers.
Domain names are administered in such a way
that they are guaranteed to be unique.
Domain names are organised in a hierarchical
structure….

38
Top Level Domains
www.cityu.edu.hk
www.cityu.hk
www.apple.com
Top Level
Domain (TLD)
Mostly country
domains:
.uk, .au, .hk, etc.
Generic Top Level
Domain (gTLD)
.com
.org
.net
.biz
.info
.name
.ws
.tv(.edu, .gov, .mil restricted to US only)

39
Second Level Domains
www.cityu.edu.hk
www.cityu.hk
www.apple.com
The actual name of
the organisation or
service.
Can contain letters
(a to z),
numbers (0 to 9),
dashes ( - )

40
Third Level, or Sub Domains
www.cityu.edu.hk
sweb.cityu.edu.hk
www.apple.com
store.apple.com
seminars.apple.com
Strings of characters
that designate
different services, or
hosts within the
second level domain.
E.G. “www” for the
core or main website,
“sweb” for SCM’s
sub-network within
CityU.

41
Registering Domain Names
www.cityu.edu.hk
www.cityu.hk
www.apple.com
Registered with
the HKDNR in
Hong Kong
www.hkdnr.hk
Registered with any
global registration
service
networksolutions.com
register.com
directNIC.com
etc.Chinese character domain
names now also available

44
Paths
Prefix
from the server
Host name
the Internet
Path

45
Paths and Pathnames
A pathname shows the hierarchical directory
structure and location of a specific file or resource
on a server.
A directory is represented visually these days as a
folder

46
Absolute and Relative Paths
An absolute path is a path that points to the same
location on one file system. It is usually written in
reference to a root directory.
The root directory is the first or topmost directory
in a hierarchy, indicated with a single slash / or
backslash .
Example:
C:Documents and SettingsmnfoxallMy DocumentsMy Files

47
Absolute and Relative Paths
A relative path is a path relative to the current
working directory, so the full absolute path may not
need to be shown or referred to.
This works for creating websites, because it allows
hypertext links to be made between files relative to
a pre-defined working directory.
That is, they do not have to always reference the
root directory or topmost directory on a server (or
computer).

48
Absolute Paths
Example: to hyperlink from
index.htm to products.htm
If an absolute pathname:
<a href=“C:UsersMy%20DocumentsWebsitesCompanyproducts.htm”>
C
Users
My Documents
Websites
Company
index.htm
products.htm
C

49
Relative Paths
Example: to hyperlink from
index.htm to products.htm
If a relative pathname, with
/Company defined as the
working or site root directory
<a href=“products.htm”>
C
Users
My Documents
Websites
Company
index.htm
products.htm
C
root

50
Relative Paths
To hyperlink from
index.htm to logo.jpg
<a href=“images/logo.jpg”>
My Documents
Websites
Company
images
index.htm
products.htm
logo.jpg
root

51
My Documents
Websites
Company
catagories
index.htm
products.htm
shoes.htm
shirts.htm
Relative Paths
To hyperlink from
shoes.htm to index.htm
(i.e. back up one level in the
directory hierarchy)
<a href=“../index.htm”>
root
2 dots and a slash

52
Relative Paths for Websites
In website development, it’s much easier to use
relative paths.
A site developed locally on one computer (under
an assigned site root directory or folder), is much
easier to transfer and manage on the final web
server using relative paths.
In Dreamweaver, the first thing to do is set up a new
site using the ‘Site Definition’ interface. This way, a local
‘site root’ folder can be created to gather and manage
all files related to the site.

53
Home Page Naming
For…
http://www.cityu.edu.hk
…there must be a default HTML page that is displaying as
the home page. In the case of CityU, it is…
http://www.cityu.edu.hk/index.html
…meaning index.html is the default HTML page in the root
directory of the server.

54
Home Page Naming
Web servers will automatically serve up pages file-named
index.html
index.htm
default.htm
default.html
…as long as ONE page by those filenames resides in the
root directory of your site.
If you want to use a page by another name as the home
page of the site, you will have to configure the server
software to point to that page.

55
Web Page Naming (HTML naming Conventions)
All lower-case, no spaces, no special characters
[other than dash ( - ) or underscore ( _ ) ].
products.html
Products.html
products_sept07.html
products sept/07.html
The same applies to the name of folders and sub-
folders within your site.
recommended
ok, but not recommended (esp. in XHTML)
recommended
 not recommended

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Topik : “Trend Internet Dalam Abad 21”
DEADLINE
Minggu, 21 Maret 2020
PUKUL 23.00

Web Introduction

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