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VIRTUAL PRIVATE
NETWORKS (VPN)
   Dr. Muazzam Khattak
Traditional Connectivity
What is VPN?
 Virtual Private Network is a type of
  private network that uses public
  telecommunication, such as the Internet,
  instead of leased lines to communicate.

 Became popular as more employees worked
  in remote locations.

 Terminologies to understand how VPNs
  work.
Private Networks
                vs.
     Virtual Private Networks
 Employees can access the network (Intranet)
  from remote locations.
 Secured networks.
 The Internet is used as the backbone for
  VPNs
 Saves cost tremendously from reduction of
  equipment and maintenance costs.
 Scalability
Remote Access Virtual
    Private Network




(From Gartner Consulting)
Brief Overview of How it
          Works
 Two connections – one is made to the
  Internet and the second is made to the
  VPN.
 Datagrams – contains data, destination and
  source information.
 Firewalls – VPNs allow authorized users to
  pass through the firewalls.
 Protocols – protocols create the VPN
  tunnels.
Four Critical Functions
Authentication – validates that the data
 was sent from the sender.
Access control – limiting unauthorized
 users from accessing the network.
Confidentiality – preventing the data to be
 read or copied as the data is being
 transported.
Data Integrity – ensuring that the data
                   has not been altered
Encryption
Encryption -- is a method of
 “scrambling” data before
 transmitting it onto the Internet.

Public Key Encryption Technique

Digital signature – for authentication
Virtual Private Network
• Operates at layer 2 or 3 of OSI model
  – Layer 2 frame – Ethernet
  – Layer 3 packet – IP
• Tunneling
  – allows senders to encapsulate their data in IP
    packets that hide the routing and switching
    infrastructure of the Internet
  – to ensure data security against unwanted
    viewers, or hackers.
Tunneling
A virtual point-to-point connection
made through a public network. It
 transports encapsulated datagrams.
                                  Original Datagram


                              Encrypted Inner Datagram


            Datagram Header    Outer Datagram Data Area

                 Data Encapsulation [From Comer]


        Two types of end points:

         Remote Access
         Site-to-Site
Four Protocols used in
          VPN
 PPTP -- Point-to-Point Tunneling
  Protocol
 L2TP -- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
 IPsec -- Internet Protocol Security
  Transport Mode
  Tunnel Mode
 SOCKS – is not used as much as the
  ones above
VPN Encapsulation of Packets
Types of
     Implementations
What does “implementation” mean in
 VPNs?

3 types
  Intranet – Within an organization
  Extranet – Outside an organization
  Remote Access – Employee to Business
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
       Basic Architecture
Device Types
• What it means

• 3 types
  – Hardware
  – Firewall
  – Software
Device Types: Hardware
 • Usually a VPN type of router

Pros                           Cons
• Highest network throughput   • Cost
• Plug and Play                • Lack of flexibility
Device Types: Firewall
 • More security?

Pros                   Cons
• “Harden” Operating   • Still relatively costly
•Cost-effective
Advantages
     VS.
Disadvantages
Advantages: Cost
          Savings
• Eliminating the need for expensive long-
  distance leased lines
• Reducing the long-distance telephone
  charges for remote access.
• Transferring the support burden to the
  service providers
• Operational costs

•
Advantages: Scalability
 Flexibility of growth

 Efficiency with broadband
  technology
Disadvantages
VPNs require an in-depth understanding of
public network security issues and proper
deployment of precautions
Availability and performance depends on
factors largely outside of their control
Immature standards
VPNs need to accommodate protocols other
than IP and existing internal network
technology
Applications: Site-to-Site
           VPNs
Large-scale encryption between
multiple fixed sites such as remote
offices and central offices
Network traffic is sent over the
branch office Internet connection
This saves the company hardware and
management expenses
Site-to-Site VPNs
Applications: Remote
            Access
 Encrypted connections between mobile or
  remote users and their corporate networks
 Remote user can make a local call to an ISP,
  as opposed to a long distance call to the
  corporate remote access server.
 Ideal for a telecommuter or mobile sales
  people.
 VPN allows mobile workers & telecommuters
  to take advantage of broadband connectivity.
       i.e. DSL, Cable
Industries That May Use a
              VPN
 Healthcare: enables the transferring of confidential
  patient information within the medical facilities & health
  care provider
 Manufacturing: allow suppliers to view inventory & allow
  clients to purchase online safely
 Retail: able to securely transfer sales data or customer
  info between stores & the headquarters
 Banking/Financial: enables account information to be
  transferred safely within departments & branches
 General Business: communication between remote
  employees can be securely exchanged
Where Do We See VPNs
   Going in the Future?
VPNs are continually being enhanced.
         Example: Equant NV
As the VPN market becomes larger, more
applications will be created along with more
VPN providers and new VPN types.
Networks are expected to converge to
create an integrated VPN
      Improved protocols are expected, which will also
      improve VPNs.
Pop Quiz!
Q.1
VPN stands for…
a) Virtual Public Network     b) Virtual Private Network
                              d)
c) Virtual Protocol Network
                              Virtual Perimeter Network
Pop Quiz!
 A.1
VPN stands for…

b) Virtual Private Network

VPN stands for "Virtual Private Network" or "Virtual Private Networking." A VPN is a
private network in the sense that it carries controlled information, protected by various
security mechanisms, between known parties. VPNs are only "virtually" private,
however, because this data actually travels over shared public networks instead of fully
dedicated private connections.
Pop Quiz!
Q.2
What are the acronyms for the 3 most common VPN
protocols?
Pop Quiz!
 A.2
3 most common VPN protocols are…

• PPTP
• L2TP
• IPsec
PPTP, IPsec, and L2TP are three of today's most popular VPN tunneling protocols. Each
one of these is capable of supporting a secure VPN connection.
Pop Quiz!
Q.3
What does PPTP stand for?
Pop Quiz!
A.3

PPTP = Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol !
Pop Quiz!
Q.4
What is the main benefit of VPNs compared to
dedicated networks utilizing frame relay, leased
lines, and traditional dial-up?

a) better network performance   b) less downtime on average

c) reduced cost                 d) improved security
Pop Quiz!
 A.4
The main benefit of VPNs is…

c) reduced cost

The main benefit of a VPN is the potential for significant cost savings compared to
traditional leased lines or dial up networking. These savings come with a certain amount
of risk, however, particularly when using the public Internet as the delivery mechanism
for VPN data.
Pop Quiz!
Q.5
In VPNs, the term "tunneling" refers to
                         b)
a) an optional feature
                         the encapsulation of packets inside packets of a differe
that
                          to create and maintain the virtual
increases network performance if it is turned on
                         circuit

c) the method a system d) a marketing strategy that involves
administrator uses        selling VPN products for very low
to detect hackers on the network in return for expensive service
                          prices
                          contracts
Pop Quiz!
 A.5
In VPNs, the term "tunneling" refers to…

 b)
   the encapsulation of packets inside packets of a
    to create and maintain the virtual circuit

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Vpn networks kami

  • 1. VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS (VPN) Dr. Muazzam Khattak
  • 3. What is VPN?  Virtual Private Network is a type of private network that uses public telecommunication, such as the Internet, instead of leased lines to communicate.  Became popular as more employees worked in remote locations.  Terminologies to understand how VPNs work.
  • 4. Private Networks vs. Virtual Private Networks  Employees can access the network (Intranet) from remote locations.  Secured networks.  The Internet is used as the backbone for VPNs  Saves cost tremendously from reduction of equipment and maintenance costs.  Scalability
  • 5. Remote Access Virtual Private Network (From Gartner Consulting)
  • 6. Brief Overview of How it Works  Two connections – one is made to the Internet and the second is made to the VPN.  Datagrams – contains data, destination and source information.  Firewalls – VPNs allow authorized users to pass through the firewalls.  Protocols – protocols create the VPN tunnels.
  • 7. Four Critical Functions Authentication – validates that the data was sent from the sender. Access control – limiting unauthorized users from accessing the network. Confidentiality – preventing the data to be read or copied as the data is being transported. Data Integrity – ensuring that the data has not been altered
  • 8. Encryption Encryption -- is a method of “scrambling” data before transmitting it onto the Internet. Public Key Encryption Technique Digital signature – for authentication
  • 9. Virtual Private Network • Operates at layer 2 or 3 of OSI model – Layer 2 frame – Ethernet – Layer 3 packet – IP • Tunneling – allows senders to encapsulate their data in IP packets that hide the routing and switching infrastructure of the Internet – to ensure data security against unwanted viewers, or hackers.
  • 10. Tunneling A virtual point-to-point connection made through a public network. It transports encapsulated datagrams. Original Datagram Encrypted Inner Datagram Datagram Header Outer Datagram Data Area Data Encapsulation [From Comer] Two types of end points:  Remote Access  Site-to-Site
  • 11. Four Protocols used in VPN  PPTP -- Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol  L2TP -- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol  IPsec -- Internet Protocol Security Transport Mode Tunnel Mode  SOCKS – is not used as much as the ones above
  • 13. Types of Implementations What does “implementation” mean in VPNs? 3 types Intranet – Within an organization Extranet – Outside an organization Remote Access – Employee to Business
  • 14. Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Basic Architecture
  • 15. Device Types • What it means • 3 types – Hardware – Firewall – Software
  • 16. Device Types: Hardware • Usually a VPN type of router Pros Cons • Highest network throughput • Cost • Plug and Play • Lack of flexibility
  • 17. Device Types: Firewall • More security? Pros Cons • “Harden” Operating • Still relatively costly •Cost-effective
  • 18. Advantages VS. Disadvantages
  • 19. Advantages: Cost Savings • Eliminating the need for expensive long- distance leased lines • Reducing the long-distance telephone charges for remote access. • Transferring the support burden to the service providers • Operational costs •
  • 20. Advantages: Scalability  Flexibility of growth  Efficiency with broadband technology
  • 21. Disadvantages VPNs require an in-depth understanding of public network security issues and proper deployment of precautions Availability and performance depends on factors largely outside of their control Immature standards VPNs need to accommodate protocols other than IP and existing internal network technology
  • 22. Applications: Site-to-Site VPNs Large-scale encryption between multiple fixed sites such as remote offices and central offices Network traffic is sent over the branch office Internet connection This saves the company hardware and management expenses
  • 24. Applications: Remote Access  Encrypted connections between mobile or remote users and their corporate networks  Remote user can make a local call to an ISP, as opposed to a long distance call to the corporate remote access server.  Ideal for a telecommuter or mobile sales people.  VPN allows mobile workers & telecommuters to take advantage of broadband connectivity. i.e. DSL, Cable
  • 25. Industries That May Use a VPN  Healthcare: enables the transferring of confidential patient information within the medical facilities & health care provider  Manufacturing: allow suppliers to view inventory & allow clients to purchase online safely  Retail: able to securely transfer sales data or customer info between stores & the headquarters  Banking/Financial: enables account information to be transferred safely within departments & branches  General Business: communication between remote employees can be securely exchanged
  • 26. Where Do We See VPNs Going in the Future? VPNs are continually being enhanced. Example: Equant NV As the VPN market becomes larger, more applications will be created along with more VPN providers and new VPN types. Networks are expected to converge to create an integrated VPN Improved protocols are expected, which will also improve VPNs.
  • 27. Pop Quiz! Q.1 VPN stands for… a) Virtual Public Network b) Virtual Private Network d) c) Virtual Protocol Network Virtual Perimeter Network
  • 28. Pop Quiz! A.1 VPN stands for… b) Virtual Private Network VPN stands for "Virtual Private Network" or "Virtual Private Networking." A VPN is a private network in the sense that it carries controlled information, protected by various security mechanisms, between known parties. VPNs are only "virtually" private, however, because this data actually travels over shared public networks instead of fully dedicated private connections.
  • 29. Pop Quiz! Q.2 What are the acronyms for the 3 most common VPN protocols?
  • 30. Pop Quiz! A.2 3 most common VPN protocols are… • PPTP • L2TP • IPsec PPTP, IPsec, and L2TP are three of today's most popular VPN tunneling protocols. Each one of these is capable of supporting a secure VPN connection.
  • 31. Pop Quiz! Q.3 What does PPTP stand for?
  • 32. Pop Quiz! A.3 PPTP = Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol !
  • 33. Pop Quiz! Q.4 What is the main benefit of VPNs compared to dedicated networks utilizing frame relay, leased lines, and traditional dial-up? a) better network performance b) less downtime on average c) reduced cost d) improved security
  • 34. Pop Quiz! A.4 The main benefit of VPNs is… c) reduced cost The main benefit of a VPN is the potential for significant cost savings compared to traditional leased lines or dial up networking. These savings come with a certain amount of risk, however, particularly when using the public Internet as the delivery mechanism for VPN data.
  • 35. Pop Quiz! Q.5 In VPNs, the term "tunneling" refers to b) a) an optional feature the encapsulation of packets inside packets of a differe that to create and maintain the virtual increases network performance if it is turned on circuit c) the method a system d) a marketing strategy that involves administrator uses selling VPN products for very low to detect hackers on the network in return for expensive service prices contracts
  • 36. Pop Quiz! A.5 In VPNs, the term "tunneling" refers to… b) the encapsulation of packets inside packets of a to create and maintain the virtual circuit
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