Urbanization in India refers to the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. According to the 2011 census, India's urban population was 31.16% of the total population. The three states with the largest urban populations were Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, while the states with the smallest urban populations were Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram. Between 2001-2011, India's population grew by 181 million people, with 90 million in rural areas and 91 million in urban areas, showing nearly equal growth rates in rural and urban populations for the first time. Problems of rapid urbanization in India include unemployment, lack of adequate housing, pollution, and insufficient infrastructure