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Urban Governance
Asia is urbanizing rapidly; in just five years, half of Asia’s population will live in cities. The governance
challenges accompanying this shift are enormous, including the need to provide services to a growing
population, generate revenue to address citizens’ needs, and create a resilient urban system that can
mitigate the effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Asia Foundation is helping countries to
meet these challenges through urban governance programming in three strategic areas: equitable
access to services; revenue generation; and urban resilience.
In recognition of the key role that cities play in
Asia’s development, The Asia Foundation estab-
lished the Urban Governance Initiative in April
2014. Economic growth in Asia is led by cities,
and yet challenges associated with rapid urbaniza-
tion, including congestion and corruption, have
the power to curb this growth. Good municipal
governance is an essential element in supporting
inclusive and sustainable development.
The Urban Governance Initiative builds on 60 years
of work by the Foundation in local and municipal
governance, politically informed approaches to
programming, and urban resilience. The Founda-
tion uses a collaborative approach to improve the
governance of cities through the concurrent engage-
ment of government and civil society: we help
urban residents advocate for their needs and support
municipal and national governments to recognize
and provide for those needs.
The Foundation’s Urban Governance Initiative
focuses on three key programming areas:
1. Equitable access to public services, to help cities
to meet the needs of their residents in an inclusive
and participatory manner; 2. Revenue generation,
to help cities raise revenue to meet the demands on
infrastructure and public services associated with
a growing population; and; 3. Urban resilience, to
enable cities prepare for climate change and natural
disasters through effective planning.
EQUITABLE ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES
As cities grow in population and wealth, the
burden on services increases. Local governments
and municipal service providers can be ill equipped
to work with residents and civil society organiza-
tions to meet this growing demand in an inclusive
fashion. To ensure more equitable distribution of
resources in cities, the Foundation develops collab-
orative approaches between citizens and municipal
governments, and invests to build new capacity
and political will to reform outdated practices. In
Mongolia, Cambodia, and the Philippines, the
Foundation works with city governments to reform
and modernize their service delivery systems. This
includes engaging poor and marginalized citi-
zens in planning processes to better understand
their needs and the most appropriate delivery
mechanisms for providing essential services. Where
appropriate, Information and Communications
Technology for Development (ICT4D) approaches
are used to help citizens define and express their
needs. ICT4D also helps government better under-
stand and respond to these needs
URBAN
GOVERNANCE
The density and
dynamism of cities
present opportuni-
ties for improved
development
outcomes.
Innovative
approaches to data
collection and
analysis are helping
policy makers,
city planners,
and communities
better plan for their
city’s future.
Programming
advantages can be
derived from the
fact that cities
are centers of
technology usage
and innovation, have
substantial private
sectors, and benefit
from economies
of scale.
ASIA FOUNDATION URBAN GOVERNANCE PROGRAMMING
Dhaka Metropolitan Policing
Good Governance and Climate Change Adaptation
Civil Society Initiative Against Poverty
Improving Service Delivery in Jaipur through Enhanced Civic Engagement
Community Policing in Ger Areas
Strengthening Citizen Voice and Public Accountability Program
Coalitions for Change - Strategic Partnership
BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH
INDONESIA
INDIA
Safetipin: Mobile Application on Women’s SecurityINDIA
MONGOLIA
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES
REGIONAL
PHILIPPINES
COMPLETED PROJECTS
Transparent, Accountable Governance
Anti-Corruption in Luzon and Visayas
Access to Justice for the Poor in Urban Development
Dhaka North and South City Corporation Electionskkahaka North and SouandBANGLADESH
Tannery Shifting ProjectnneBANGLADESH
Urban ServicesUrba Services ProjectCAMBODIA
MyCityINDIA
OpenWorkssWWOINDIA
Safety and Security of Women in Urban SpacesWINDIA
Urban Services ProjectMONGOLIA
Ulaanbaatar Economic Strategy DevelopmentMONGOLIA
Local Economic GovernanceSRI LANKA
Low Carbon Industrial ZonesVIETNAM
Developing a Comparative City Resilience Index for VietnamVIETNAM
Local Governance Action ResearchNEPAL
ONGOING PROJECTS
REVENUE GENERATION
Municipal governments are often unprepared for
the increased demands and complex needs of a
growing population. City governments can strug-
gle with equitable service delivery, employment
generation, and sustainable economic develop-
ment. A significant challenge is cities’ reliance on
central government transfers, which can fluctuate.
Asia Foundation programs in countries such as
Sri Lanka help cities to increase their capacity to
generate their own revenue streams. This enables
municipal governments to better serve current resi-
dents, while planning more effectively for urban
growth.
URBAN RESILIENCE
People are increasingly concentrating in urban
environments that are vulnerable to natural disas-
ters and exposed to climate change hazards such as
sea-level rise and flooding. Those who lack secure
land tenure are particularly vulnerable, as informal
settlement areas are among the most precarious
and exposed to climate change hazards. New
approaches to resettlement, land-use planning,
and economic growth that bolster urban resilience
are necessary. The Foundation works with citizens,
government, and the private sector to conduct
multi-stakeholder dialogues around environmen-
tal hazards and to facilitate the development of
workable policies and plans. In countries such as
Vietnam and the Philippines, the Foundation
is working directly with communities and munici-
pal governments to forge joint disaster risk
management plans.
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
INDIA: MY CITY
The Foundation’s India office has been working
with local partner CUTS to improve the quality
of services provided by urban government and en-
hance citizens’ engagement with municipal coun-
cilors in selected wards of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Under
the project, CUTS developed a Public Services
Index (PSI) to generate ward-level report cards of
urban services provided by the Jaipur Municipal
Corporation in 16 wards across the city. Citizen
report cards were also utilized to gather feedback
from citizens on the status and quality of services.
Additionally, community meetings with service
providers were organized to resolve specific urban
service delivery issues. CUTS is also now work-
ing to develop a first of its kind forum for mayors
in the state of Rajasthan to share experiences and
discuss issues and challenges in urban governance.
VIETNAM: DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE
While most disaster risk management (DRM) pro-
grams focus on building government capacity or
reducing risks to vulnerable populations, The Asia
Foundation’s Vietnam office is collaborating with
the private sector to harness their networks, out-
reach, and resources in support of urban resilience.
This unique DRM program has trained more than
2,000 managers and CEOs representing roughly
900 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in 19
provinces on disaster risk management. The project
develops a broader DRM-focused corporate social
responsibility dialogue and best practice guidance
on philanthropic giving related to natural disasters
and community resilience, while disseminating
best disaster response practices of companies and
local communities as the basis for sustainable
public-private efforts over the long term. Research
on public private partnerships, risk assessment, and
business continuity planning as tools in institu-
tionalizing DRM. The Foundation is currently
in the process of scaling this project regionally in
South and Southeast Asia.
MONGOLIA: IMPROVING URBAN
SERVICES INTHE GER DISTRICTS
The Asia Foundation has been working in part-
nership with the city government of Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia to improve urban governance and service
delivery in the ger areas—large unplanned settle-
ments characterized by traditional nomadic homes
(gers), limited infrastructure, poor sanitation, and
a high proportion of the city’s poor residents. This
work has included a first-ever community mapping
process that used local volunteers to gather informa-
tion about service delivery in 11 ger khoroos (sub-
districts). When analysis from the initial pilot was
presented at a high-level event with City Leadership
early in 2013, the Mayor directly requested that
the process be scaled up to map services across all
ger area communities, 87 khoroos with more than
700,000 residents. The city contributed significant
human resources to the project, more than 70 city
administration staff participated in the data col-
lection process, and the Foundation managed data
entry, analysis, and production of the final maps.
Community maps have resulted in more informed
budget allocations: the city used the community
maps to facilitate its first participatory budget-
ing sessions in November 2013, and the mayor
has since committed to using them for targeting
improvements at the local level to avoid duplication
and to help address critical needs of citizens.
The Asia Foundation
is a nonprofit international
development organization
committed to improving
lives across a dynamic
and developing Asia.
Headquartered in San
Francisco, The Asia
Foundation works through
a network of offices in 18
Asian countries and in
Washington, DC. Working
with public and private
partners, the Foundation
receives funding from a
diverse group of
bilateral and multilateral
development agencies,
foundations, corporations,
and individuals.
HEADQUARTERS
465 California Street,
9th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94104 USA
Tel: (415) 982-4640
Fax: (415) 392-8863
info@asiafound.org
WASHINGTON, DC
1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Suite 815
Washington, D.C. 20036 USA
Tel: (202) 588-9420
Fax: (202) 588-9409
info@asiafound-dc.org
www.asiafoundation.org
7/15

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Urban governance (asia foundation july 2015)

  • 1. Urban Governance Asia is urbanizing rapidly; in just five years, half of Asia’s population will live in cities. The governance challenges accompanying this shift are enormous, including the need to provide services to a growing population, generate revenue to address citizens’ needs, and create a resilient urban system that can mitigate the effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Asia Foundation is helping countries to meet these challenges through urban governance programming in three strategic areas: equitable access to services; revenue generation; and urban resilience. In recognition of the key role that cities play in Asia’s development, The Asia Foundation estab- lished the Urban Governance Initiative in April 2014. Economic growth in Asia is led by cities, and yet challenges associated with rapid urbaniza- tion, including congestion and corruption, have the power to curb this growth. Good municipal governance is an essential element in supporting inclusive and sustainable development. The Urban Governance Initiative builds on 60 years of work by the Foundation in local and municipal governance, politically informed approaches to programming, and urban resilience. The Founda- tion uses a collaborative approach to improve the governance of cities through the concurrent engage- ment of government and civil society: we help urban residents advocate for their needs and support municipal and national governments to recognize and provide for those needs. The Foundation’s Urban Governance Initiative focuses on three key programming areas: 1. Equitable access to public services, to help cities to meet the needs of their residents in an inclusive and participatory manner; 2. Revenue generation, to help cities raise revenue to meet the demands on infrastructure and public services associated with a growing population; and; 3. Urban resilience, to enable cities prepare for climate change and natural disasters through effective planning. EQUITABLE ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES As cities grow in population and wealth, the burden on services increases. Local governments and municipal service providers can be ill equipped to work with residents and civil society organiza- tions to meet this growing demand in an inclusive fashion. To ensure more equitable distribution of resources in cities, the Foundation develops collab- orative approaches between citizens and municipal governments, and invests to build new capacity and political will to reform outdated practices. In Mongolia, Cambodia, and the Philippines, the Foundation works with city governments to reform and modernize their service delivery systems. This includes engaging poor and marginalized citi- zens in planning processes to better understand their needs and the most appropriate delivery mechanisms for providing essential services. Where appropriate, Information and Communications Technology for Development (ICT4D) approaches are used to help citizens define and express their needs. ICT4D also helps government better under- stand and respond to these needs URBAN GOVERNANCE The density and dynamism of cities present opportuni- ties for improved development outcomes. Innovative approaches to data collection and analysis are helping policy makers, city planners, and communities better plan for their city’s future. Programming advantages can be derived from the fact that cities are centers of technology usage and innovation, have substantial private sectors, and benefit from economies of scale.
  • 2. ASIA FOUNDATION URBAN GOVERNANCE PROGRAMMING Dhaka Metropolitan Policing Good Governance and Climate Change Adaptation Civil Society Initiative Against Poverty Improving Service Delivery in Jaipur through Enhanced Civic Engagement Community Policing in Ger Areas Strengthening Citizen Voice and Public Accountability Program Coalitions for Change - Strategic Partnership BANGLADESH BANGLADESH INDONESIA INDIA Safetipin: Mobile Application on Women’s SecurityINDIA MONGOLIA PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES REGIONAL PHILIPPINES COMPLETED PROJECTS Transparent, Accountable Governance Anti-Corruption in Luzon and Visayas Access to Justice for the Poor in Urban Development Dhaka North and South City Corporation Electionskkahaka North and SouandBANGLADESH Tannery Shifting ProjectnneBANGLADESH Urban ServicesUrba Services ProjectCAMBODIA MyCityINDIA OpenWorkssWWOINDIA Safety and Security of Women in Urban SpacesWINDIA Urban Services ProjectMONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar Economic Strategy DevelopmentMONGOLIA Local Economic GovernanceSRI LANKA Low Carbon Industrial ZonesVIETNAM Developing a Comparative City Resilience Index for VietnamVIETNAM Local Governance Action ResearchNEPAL ONGOING PROJECTS
  • 3. REVENUE GENERATION Municipal governments are often unprepared for the increased demands and complex needs of a growing population. City governments can strug- gle with equitable service delivery, employment generation, and sustainable economic develop- ment. A significant challenge is cities’ reliance on central government transfers, which can fluctuate. Asia Foundation programs in countries such as Sri Lanka help cities to increase their capacity to generate their own revenue streams. This enables municipal governments to better serve current resi- dents, while planning more effectively for urban growth. URBAN RESILIENCE People are increasingly concentrating in urban environments that are vulnerable to natural disas- ters and exposed to climate change hazards such as sea-level rise and flooding. Those who lack secure land tenure are particularly vulnerable, as informal settlement areas are among the most precarious and exposed to climate change hazards. New approaches to resettlement, land-use planning, and economic growth that bolster urban resilience are necessary. The Foundation works with citizens, government, and the private sector to conduct multi-stakeholder dialogues around environmen- tal hazards and to facilitate the development of workable policies and plans. In countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines, the Foundation is working directly with communities and munici- pal governments to forge joint disaster risk management plans. PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS INDIA: MY CITY The Foundation’s India office has been working with local partner CUTS to improve the quality of services provided by urban government and en- hance citizens’ engagement with municipal coun- cilors in selected wards of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Under the project, CUTS developed a Public Services Index (PSI) to generate ward-level report cards of urban services provided by the Jaipur Municipal Corporation in 16 wards across the city. Citizen report cards were also utilized to gather feedback from citizens on the status and quality of services. Additionally, community meetings with service providers were organized to resolve specific urban service delivery issues. CUTS is also now work- ing to develop a first of its kind forum for mayors in the state of Rajasthan to share experiences and discuss issues and challenges in urban governance. VIETNAM: DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE While most disaster risk management (DRM) pro- grams focus on building government capacity or reducing risks to vulnerable populations, The Asia Foundation’s Vietnam office is collaborating with the private sector to harness their networks, out- reach, and resources in support of urban resilience. This unique DRM program has trained more than 2,000 managers and CEOs representing roughly 900 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in 19 provinces on disaster risk management. The project develops a broader DRM-focused corporate social responsibility dialogue and best practice guidance on philanthropic giving related to natural disasters and community resilience, while disseminating best disaster response practices of companies and local communities as the basis for sustainable public-private efforts over the long term. Research on public private partnerships, risk assessment, and business continuity planning as tools in institu- tionalizing DRM. The Foundation is currently in the process of scaling this project regionally in South and Southeast Asia. MONGOLIA: IMPROVING URBAN SERVICES INTHE GER DISTRICTS The Asia Foundation has been working in part- nership with the city government of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to improve urban governance and service delivery in the ger areas—large unplanned settle- ments characterized by traditional nomadic homes (gers), limited infrastructure, poor sanitation, and a high proportion of the city’s poor residents. This work has included a first-ever community mapping process that used local volunteers to gather informa- tion about service delivery in 11 ger khoroos (sub- districts). When analysis from the initial pilot was presented at a high-level event with City Leadership early in 2013, the Mayor directly requested that the process be scaled up to map services across all ger area communities, 87 khoroos with more than 700,000 residents. The city contributed significant human resources to the project, more than 70 city administration staff participated in the data col- lection process, and the Foundation managed data entry, analysis, and production of the final maps. Community maps have resulted in more informed budget allocations: the city used the community maps to facilitate its first participatory budget- ing sessions in November 2013, and the mayor has since committed to using them for targeting improvements at the local level to avoid duplication and to help address critical needs of citizens. The Asia Foundation is a nonprofit international development organization committed to improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia. Headquartered in San Francisco, The Asia Foundation works through a network of offices in 18 Asian countries and in Washington, DC. Working with public and private partners, the Foundation receives funding from a diverse group of bilateral and multilateral development agencies, foundations, corporations, and individuals. HEADQUARTERS 465 California Street, 9th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 USA Tel: (415) 982-4640 Fax: (415) 392-8863 info@asiafound.org WASHINGTON, DC 1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW Suite 815 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Tel: (202) 588-9420 Fax: (202) 588-9409 info@asiafound-dc.org www.asiafoundation.org 7/15
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