Presented by Abraham Haile during world Rabies Day event that was designed to bring human and animal health professionals together to realize joint prevention and control efforts in the country
NDWC Chennai 2013 - The One Health approach towards Rabies elimination in Asi...Dogs Trust
The document discusses the "One Health" approach to rabies elimination in Asia. It provides context on rabies and advocates for a collaborative effort between human and animal health sectors. Key points include:
1) Rabies kills over 55,000 people annually, with over 90% of deaths occurring in Asia where rabies is endemic in dog populations.
2) A "One Health" approach recognizes the links between animal, human, and environmental health. Coordinating sectors is necessary to effectively control zoonotic diseases like rabies.
3) Eliminating rabies in dogs through vaccination programs is the most cost-effective way to prevent human rabies. However, challenges remain in implementation due to a
This document outlines measures for rabies prevention and control, including animal and human components. Animal rabies control involves mass dog vaccination, movement restrictions, and stray dog control. Human prevention includes avoiding animal exposures, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups, and post-exposure prophylaxis consisting of wound treatment, vaccination, and possibly rabies immunoglobulin. Effective rabies prevention and control requires legal frameworks, adequate resources, expanded diagnostics, collaboration among stakeholders, and community education.
The document discusses various approaches for the prevention, control, and eradication of zoonotic diseases. It begins by explaining that the key concept is breaking the chain of transmission by controlling animal reservoirs, transmission routes, and immunizing susceptible hosts. It then defines and provides examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in animals. Control strategies aim to reduce illness prevalence by targeting epidemiologically weak links. Eradication aims to permanently eliminate an infectious agent from a defined population. Methods discussed include quarantine, testing and slaughter, vaccination, vector control, reservoir control, early diagnosis, and improving hygiene and the environment. Factors important for disease control programs include veterinary infrastructure, diagnostic feasibility, surveillance, cooperation, and availability
This document summarizes information about zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. It focuses on rabies, providing details on the virus that causes rabies, its transmission through animal bites, symptoms including hydrophobia and encephalitis, incubation period, epidemiology in different animal populations and regions, diagnosis through microscopic examination for Negri bodies, and methods of prevention including post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination. It also briefly discusses anthrax transmission through contact with infected animal tissues or inhalation of spores and its clinical forms.
Rabies is a fatal viral infection that affects the central nervous system of humans and other mammals. It is transmitted primarily via saliva, typically through bites or scratches from an infected animal. The rabies virus has an incubation period of 2-8 weeks on average before symptoms appear. These symptoms include fever, headache, anxiety and eventually delirium, seizures and paralysis. There is no cure once symptoms appear, so prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis are critical. This involves thorough wound cleaning, vaccination and potentially rabies immune globulin administration. Nursing care focuses on isolation, education, fever management and preventing dehydration.
One World - One Health presentation Katinka de Balogh FAOHarm Kiezebrink
During the FVE conference in Brussels on April 7, 2014, Katinka de Balogh, leader the global Veterinary Public Health activities of the FAO, presented the One-Health approach to highlight the importance of prevention, ensuring health and welfare of people and animals in a globalized environment:
• The benefit coming from the implementation of good health management in practice, both in terms of health and welfare, as well as, of financial sustainability
• The importance of coordinating actions in both sectors via a One-Health approach, with a particular focus on zoonotic diseases
• The role of the medical and veterinary profession in assuring these matters and educating the society
Katinka de Balogh is of Dutch and Hungarian origins and grew up in Latin-America. She studied veterinary medicine in Berlin and Munich and graduated and obtained her doctorate in tropical parasitology from the Tropical Institute of the University of Munich in 1984. In the late 80’s she had spent two years as a young professional at the Veterinary Public Health Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. In 2002 she started working at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome.
This document provides national guidelines for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and intra-dermal administration of cell culture rabies vaccines in India. It was created by experts from the National Institute of Communicable Diseases to standardize rabies treatment practices following a ban on the widely used nervous tissue vaccine. The guidelines classify animal bites based on WHO recommendations and provide guidance on wound management, rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine administration based on bite severity. It also addresses vaccination of previously exposed individuals and the use of intra-dermal vaccination to increase vaccine access and affordability.
NDWC Chennai 2013 - The One Health approach towards Rabies elimination in Asi...Dogs Trust
The document discusses the "One Health" approach to rabies elimination in Asia. It provides context on rabies and advocates for a collaborative effort between human and animal health sectors. Key points include:
1) Rabies kills over 55,000 people annually, with over 90% of deaths occurring in Asia where rabies is endemic in dog populations.
2) A "One Health" approach recognizes the links between animal, human, and environmental health. Coordinating sectors is necessary to effectively control zoonotic diseases like rabies.
3) Eliminating rabies in dogs through vaccination programs is the most cost-effective way to prevent human rabies. However, challenges remain in implementation due to a
This document outlines measures for rabies prevention and control, including animal and human components. Animal rabies control involves mass dog vaccination, movement restrictions, and stray dog control. Human prevention includes avoiding animal exposures, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups, and post-exposure prophylaxis consisting of wound treatment, vaccination, and possibly rabies immunoglobulin. Effective rabies prevention and control requires legal frameworks, adequate resources, expanded diagnostics, collaboration among stakeholders, and community education.
The document discusses various approaches for the prevention, control, and eradication of zoonotic diseases. It begins by explaining that the key concept is breaking the chain of transmission by controlling animal reservoirs, transmission routes, and immunizing susceptible hosts. It then defines and provides examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in animals. Control strategies aim to reduce illness prevalence by targeting epidemiologically weak links. Eradication aims to permanently eliminate an infectious agent from a defined population. Methods discussed include quarantine, testing and slaughter, vaccination, vector control, reservoir control, early diagnosis, and improving hygiene and the environment. Factors important for disease control programs include veterinary infrastructure, diagnostic feasibility, surveillance, cooperation, and availability
This document summarizes information about zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. It focuses on rabies, providing details on the virus that causes rabies, its transmission through animal bites, symptoms including hydrophobia and encephalitis, incubation period, epidemiology in different animal populations and regions, diagnosis through microscopic examination for Negri bodies, and methods of prevention including post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination. It also briefly discusses anthrax transmission through contact with infected animal tissues or inhalation of spores and its clinical forms.
Rabies is a fatal viral infection that affects the central nervous system of humans and other mammals. It is transmitted primarily via saliva, typically through bites or scratches from an infected animal. The rabies virus has an incubation period of 2-8 weeks on average before symptoms appear. These symptoms include fever, headache, anxiety and eventually delirium, seizures and paralysis. There is no cure once symptoms appear, so prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis are critical. This involves thorough wound cleaning, vaccination and potentially rabies immune globulin administration. Nursing care focuses on isolation, education, fever management and preventing dehydration.
One World - One Health presentation Katinka de Balogh FAOHarm Kiezebrink
During the FVE conference in Brussels on April 7, 2014, Katinka de Balogh, leader the global Veterinary Public Health activities of the FAO, presented the One-Health approach to highlight the importance of prevention, ensuring health and welfare of people and animals in a globalized environment:
• The benefit coming from the implementation of good health management in practice, both in terms of health and welfare, as well as, of financial sustainability
• The importance of coordinating actions in both sectors via a One-Health approach, with a particular focus on zoonotic diseases
• The role of the medical and veterinary profession in assuring these matters and educating the society
Katinka de Balogh is of Dutch and Hungarian origins and grew up in Latin-America. She studied veterinary medicine in Berlin and Munich and graduated and obtained her doctorate in tropical parasitology from the Tropical Institute of the University of Munich in 1984. In the late 80’s she had spent two years as a young professional at the Veterinary Public Health Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. In 2002 she started working at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome.
This document provides national guidelines for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and intra-dermal administration of cell culture rabies vaccines in India. It was created by experts from the National Institute of Communicable Diseases to standardize rabies treatment practices following a ban on the widely used nervous tissue vaccine. The guidelines classify animal bites based on WHO recommendations and provide guidance on wound management, rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine administration based on bite severity. It also addresses vaccination of previously exposed individuals and the use of intra-dermal vaccination to increase vaccine access and affordability.
National Guidelines for Rabies Prophylaxis in IndiaDhruvendra Pandey
This is the recent guidelines of Govt. of India for pre and post exposure prophylaxis against rabies infection. This presentation gives brief knowledge about intramuscular and intradermal administration of vaccine.
Rabies Project_Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited_Karan Daftarykarandaftary
Project created by Karan Daftary, intern at BSV summer associate class of 2013 with the purpose of increasing awareness about rabies and its immunization.
Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly dogs. It causes encephalitis and is nearly 100% fatal once symptoms develop. India accounts for over 20,000 deaths from rabies annually, mostly rural children. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system and causes symptoms like hydrophobia, aerophobia and aggression. It is important to properly manage animal bites to prevent transmission, through timely vaccination and immunoglobulin administration depending on the category of bite. While there is no cure once symptoms develop, rabies can be effectively prevented through proper animal bite management.
Presentation by Delia Grace at the first United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Science-Policy Forum ahead of the Second Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2), Nairobi, Kenya, 20 May 2016.
Rabies is classified as a direct zoonosis transmitted through bites or licks. It is a fatal viral infection of the central nervous system caused by lyssavirus. Rabies remains a major public health problem globally, though some areas are considered rabies-free if there are no indigenous human or animal cases reported for over 2 years. Clinical features include hydrophobia and aerophobia. Post-exposure prophylaxis involves wound cleansing, rabies immunoglobulin, and a course of anti-rabies vaccination to prevent onset of symptoms. Control relies on dog vaccination, restraint, and elimination of stray animals.
This document presents a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy for Northern Ireland. It establishes a TB Strategic Partnership Group to develop a long-term strategy to eliminate bTB from cattle in Northern Ireland. The strategy involves 38 recommendations across 7 themes: governance, culture and communication, tools and processes, wildlife, herd health management, finance, and research. The goal is to implement a comprehensive, interlinked program to achieve a sustained reduction and eventual eradication of bTB in cattle herds and contribute to the health of the badger population, the main wildlife reservoir of the disease in Northern Ireland. Success will require commitment and cooperation from all stakeholders over many years.
Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis pose major health burdens globally and in India. In India, the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was launched in 2003 to control six key vector-borne diseases through integrated vector management and other strategies. The NVBDCP aims to reduce mortality from malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis by half and eliminate kala-azar and lymphatic filariasis by targeted years. Japanese encephalitis, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, poses high risks for children and is a growing problem in India. Chikungunya, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, caused over a million cases during an
A 42-year-old woman presented with a dog bite to her ear one month prior. She had been bitten by a vaccinated dog three years ago and received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at that time. The document provides guidelines on evaluating dog bites and administering PEP to prevent rabies, including cleaning wounds, suturing, vaccinating with 4 doses on days 0, 7, and 21, and administering rabies immunoglobulin for higher risk exposures. Factors that determine higher risk and need for PEP include bites from wild animals, sick or abnormal behaving animals, unprovoked bites, unvaccinated or untraceable animals, and bites near the head or in infants.
Vectors are organisms that transmit pathogens and parasites from one infected person (or animal) to another, causing serious diseases in human populations
Using a One Health Approach to Control Zoonotic Diseases: Tuberculosis as an ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses using a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis. It defines zoonotic tuberculosis as tuberculosis that can be transmitted between humans and animals. It describes the disease, including the causative agents and hosts. It then discusses the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis, including modes of transmission between hosts and control methods. The document advocates for a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis, citing the complex transmission cycles between multiple hosts and environments. It argues the One Health approach improves efficiency by integrating human, animal, and environmental health surveillance and control programs and encouraging sharing of resources.
This document discusses the history and impact of vaccines. It begins by covering early methods of variolation and vaccination pioneered by Jenner. It then explains what vaccines are and how they work to trigger an immune response without causing illness. The document outlines the types of vaccines and provides many examples of vaccines used to prevent viral and bacterial diseases. It discusses how vaccines have reduced disease rates and transformed medicine. Herd immunity is explained through graphics. The document closes by addressing vaccines for adults and the anti-vaccine movement sparked by Wakefield's fraudulent 1998 study linking the MMR vaccine to autism.
Dr. Rajesh Pandey gave a presentation on rabies at the Dr. A.L. Saha Memorial Oration in Kolkata on September 28, 2010. Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread primarily via dog bites. It causes approximately 59,000 human deaths annually, with most cases in Asia and Africa. India has approximately 20,000 rabies deaths and 17.4 million animal bite cases each year. The presentation covered the epidemiology, signs and symptoms, history of treatment including Pasteur's vaccine, and strategies for prevention through post-exposure prophylaxis, vaccination and immunoglobulin administration. It also discussed guidelines for effective anti-rabies clinics.
Tuberculosis hardly excuse anyone irrespective of its shape, size, colour, cast, creed, breed, species or genus having a little warmth in blood. Therefore, elephants e not exception, rather very prone for this disease which have taken many times more lives than any of the war.
This document discusses various aspects of immunization and vaccines. It describes different types of immunity - passive and active immunity. It explains the different types of vaccines - live vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, toxoids, polysaccharide/polypeptide vaccines, and recombinant vaccines. It discusses vaccination programs in India including the Universal Immunization Program and Pulse Polio Immunization program. It also covers the cold chain used to transport and store vaccines, potential adverse reactions or hazards of immunization, and methods to improve vaccination coverage.
This document summarizes a study on brucellosis in Kenya conducted using a One Health approach. The study involved a cross-sectional survey in two counties to determine the baseline seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and livestock. Samples were collected from over 8,000 households and tested at laboratories. Future phases will determine the incidence of and factors associated with brucellosis infections in humans and animals. The study aims to establish the burden of brucellosis and validate diagnostic tests to inform control strategies using a multisectoral, multidisciplinary collaboration between human and animal health experts.
This document provides an overview of zoonotic tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and can be transmitted from animals to humans. Key points include:
- M. bovis is one of the main causes of non-pulmonary tuberculosis in humans. It is transmitted through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy or undercooked meat.
- Globally, it is estimated that there are 147,000 new cases of zoonotic tuberculosis annually, with the highest burdens in Africa and Southeast Asia.
- In animals, cattle are the main reservoir and transmission can occur through aerosols or ingestion. Signs include emaciation, fever, and respiratory distress.
This document discusses herd immunity, including its definition, basic concepts, beneficial and deleterious effects, and recent concepts. Herd immunity is achieved when a high percentage of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of an infectious disease. The threshold for herd immunity depends on the basic reproduction number (R0) of a disease. Vaccines can provide herd protection for unvaccinated individuals by decreasing transmission. While beneficial for disease elimination and protecting those who cannot get vaccinated, herd immunity can also increase the average age of infection. Imperfect vaccines, heterogeneous mixing in populations, non-random vaccination, and freeloaders who opt out of vaccination make achieving herd immunity more complex.
International Threats of Zoonotic Diseases - International Conference on One ...Tata Naipospos
The document summarizes an international conference presentation on zoonotic diseases and their threats. It notes that emerging zoonotic diseases pose an increasing global threat due to factors like population growth, increased animal production and trade, and human encroachment on wildlife habitats. An interdisciplinary "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is needed to monitor and control zoonotic diseases, which account for over 60% of all known human pathogens. Collaboration across medical, veterinary and policy sectors can help achieve efficiencies and early detection of outbreaks.
Rabies is a fatal viral disease preventable through vaccination and wound management. The document discusses rabies vaccines produced from neural tissues or cell cultures, post-exposure prophylaxis including wound cleaning and vaccination schedules, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups, and strategies for rabies control including dog vaccination programs. Controlling rabies in animals can reduce human medical costs and risk of infection.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
National Guidelines for Rabies Prophylaxis in IndiaDhruvendra Pandey
This is the recent guidelines of Govt. of India for pre and post exposure prophylaxis against rabies infection. This presentation gives brief knowledge about intramuscular and intradermal administration of vaccine.
Rabies Project_Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited_Karan Daftarykarandaftary
Project created by Karan Daftary, intern at BSV summer associate class of 2013 with the purpose of increasing awareness about rabies and its immunization.
Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly dogs. It causes encephalitis and is nearly 100% fatal once symptoms develop. India accounts for over 20,000 deaths from rabies annually, mostly rural children. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system and causes symptoms like hydrophobia, aerophobia and aggression. It is important to properly manage animal bites to prevent transmission, through timely vaccination and immunoglobulin administration depending on the category of bite. While there is no cure once symptoms develop, rabies can be effectively prevented through proper animal bite management.
Presentation by Delia Grace at the first United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Science-Policy Forum ahead of the Second Session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2), Nairobi, Kenya, 20 May 2016.
Rabies is classified as a direct zoonosis transmitted through bites or licks. It is a fatal viral infection of the central nervous system caused by lyssavirus. Rabies remains a major public health problem globally, though some areas are considered rabies-free if there are no indigenous human or animal cases reported for over 2 years. Clinical features include hydrophobia and aerophobia. Post-exposure prophylaxis involves wound cleansing, rabies immunoglobulin, and a course of anti-rabies vaccination to prevent onset of symptoms. Control relies on dog vaccination, restraint, and elimination of stray animals.
This document presents a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy for Northern Ireland. It establishes a TB Strategic Partnership Group to develop a long-term strategy to eliminate bTB from cattle in Northern Ireland. The strategy involves 38 recommendations across 7 themes: governance, culture and communication, tools and processes, wildlife, herd health management, finance, and research. The goal is to implement a comprehensive, interlinked program to achieve a sustained reduction and eventual eradication of bTB in cattle herds and contribute to the health of the badger population, the main wildlife reservoir of the disease in Northern Ireland. Success will require commitment and cooperation from all stakeholders over many years.
Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis pose major health burdens globally and in India. In India, the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was launched in 2003 to control six key vector-borne diseases through integrated vector management and other strategies. The NVBDCP aims to reduce mortality from malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis by half and eliminate kala-azar and lymphatic filariasis by targeted years. Japanese encephalitis, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, poses high risks for children and is a growing problem in India. Chikungunya, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, caused over a million cases during an
A 42-year-old woman presented with a dog bite to her ear one month prior. She had been bitten by a vaccinated dog three years ago and received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at that time. The document provides guidelines on evaluating dog bites and administering PEP to prevent rabies, including cleaning wounds, suturing, vaccinating with 4 doses on days 0, 7, and 21, and administering rabies immunoglobulin for higher risk exposures. Factors that determine higher risk and need for PEP include bites from wild animals, sick or abnormal behaving animals, unprovoked bites, unvaccinated or untraceable animals, and bites near the head or in infants.
Vectors are organisms that transmit pathogens and parasites from one infected person (or animal) to another, causing serious diseases in human populations
Using a One Health Approach to Control Zoonotic Diseases: Tuberculosis as an ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses using a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis. It defines zoonotic tuberculosis as tuberculosis that can be transmitted between humans and animals. It describes the disease, including the causative agents and hosts. It then discusses the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis, including modes of transmission between hosts and control methods. The document advocates for a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis, citing the complex transmission cycles between multiple hosts and environments. It argues the One Health approach improves efficiency by integrating human, animal, and environmental health surveillance and control programs and encouraging sharing of resources.
This document discusses the history and impact of vaccines. It begins by covering early methods of variolation and vaccination pioneered by Jenner. It then explains what vaccines are and how they work to trigger an immune response without causing illness. The document outlines the types of vaccines and provides many examples of vaccines used to prevent viral and bacterial diseases. It discusses how vaccines have reduced disease rates and transformed medicine. Herd immunity is explained through graphics. The document closes by addressing vaccines for adults and the anti-vaccine movement sparked by Wakefield's fraudulent 1998 study linking the MMR vaccine to autism.
Dr. Rajesh Pandey gave a presentation on rabies at the Dr. A.L. Saha Memorial Oration in Kolkata on September 28, 2010. Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread primarily via dog bites. It causes approximately 59,000 human deaths annually, with most cases in Asia and Africa. India has approximately 20,000 rabies deaths and 17.4 million animal bite cases each year. The presentation covered the epidemiology, signs and symptoms, history of treatment including Pasteur's vaccine, and strategies for prevention through post-exposure prophylaxis, vaccination and immunoglobulin administration. It also discussed guidelines for effective anti-rabies clinics.
Tuberculosis hardly excuse anyone irrespective of its shape, size, colour, cast, creed, breed, species or genus having a little warmth in blood. Therefore, elephants e not exception, rather very prone for this disease which have taken many times more lives than any of the war.
This document discusses various aspects of immunization and vaccines. It describes different types of immunity - passive and active immunity. It explains the different types of vaccines - live vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, toxoids, polysaccharide/polypeptide vaccines, and recombinant vaccines. It discusses vaccination programs in India including the Universal Immunization Program and Pulse Polio Immunization program. It also covers the cold chain used to transport and store vaccines, potential adverse reactions or hazards of immunization, and methods to improve vaccination coverage.
This document summarizes a study on brucellosis in Kenya conducted using a One Health approach. The study involved a cross-sectional survey in two counties to determine the baseline seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and livestock. Samples were collected from over 8,000 households and tested at laboratories. Future phases will determine the incidence of and factors associated with brucellosis infections in humans and animals. The study aims to establish the burden of brucellosis and validate diagnostic tests to inform control strategies using a multisectoral, multidisciplinary collaboration between human and animal health experts.
This document provides an overview of zoonotic tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and can be transmitted from animals to humans. Key points include:
- M. bovis is one of the main causes of non-pulmonary tuberculosis in humans. It is transmitted through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy or undercooked meat.
- Globally, it is estimated that there are 147,000 new cases of zoonotic tuberculosis annually, with the highest burdens in Africa and Southeast Asia.
- In animals, cattle are the main reservoir and transmission can occur through aerosols or ingestion. Signs include emaciation, fever, and respiratory distress.
This document discusses herd immunity, including its definition, basic concepts, beneficial and deleterious effects, and recent concepts. Herd immunity is achieved when a high percentage of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of an infectious disease. The threshold for herd immunity depends on the basic reproduction number (R0) of a disease. Vaccines can provide herd protection for unvaccinated individuals by decreasing transmission. While beneficial for disease elimination and protecting those who cannot get vaccinated, herd immunity can also increase the average age of infection. Imperfect vaccines, heterogeneous mixing in populations, non-random vaccination, and freeloaders who opt out of vaccination make achieving herd immunity more complex.
International Threats of Zoonotic Diseases - International Conference on One ...Tata Naipospos
The document summarizes an international conference presentation on zoonotic diseases and their threats. It notes that emerging zoonotic diseases pose an increasing global threat due to factors like population growth, increased animal production and trade, and human encroachment on wildlife habitats. An interdisciplinary "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is needed to monitor and control zoonotic diseases, which account for over 60% of all known human pathogens. Collaboration across medical, veterinary and policy sectors can help achieve efficiencies and early detection of outbreaks.
Rabies is a fatal viral disease preventable through vaccination and wound management. The document discusses rabies vaccines produced from neural tissues or cell cultures, post-exposure prophylaxis including wound cleaning and vaccination schedules, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups, and strategies for rabies control including dog vaccination programs. Controlling rabies in animals can reduce human medical costs and risk of infection.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Rabies in Bali: A chronology and experience made with an EcoHealth approach f...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at a training course for World Health Organization fellowship trainees from Sri Lanka on “Health approaches for rabies control and control of other zoonotic diseases”. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 20-24 May 2013.
Human beings have an important role to play in environmental action and securing the future of the planet. The environment consists of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere that surround and influence human and other life on Earth. Some key environmental problems facing the Philippines include water and air pollution, illegal logging, poverty, crowding, and improper garbage disposal that threaten sustainability.
Dr. David Goldman - Meat/Poultry Antibiotic Residue Testing, Protecting Human...John Blue
1,552
(15.4% of
tests)
Market
Hogs
Heavy
Calves
# OF
VIOLATIVE
ANIMALs
# OF
POSITIVE
IN-PLANT
TESTS
# OF INPLANT
TESTS
SLTR
CLASS
128
(8.24% of
positives)
199
The document discusses antibiotic residue testing in meat and poultry by the USDA to protect human health. It provides an overview of the National Residue Program, including improvements made to increase annual sampling and use multi-residue screening methods. Preliminary data from the program in 2013 found violative
The document provides guidelines for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides and veterinary drugs in foods in Korea. It outlines the scope and application process for setting MRLs, including requirements for submitting toxicity and residue data to support MRL applications. It aims to clarify procedures and improve transparency around MRL establishment for domestic and international stakeholders.
NDWC Chennai 2013 - Veterinarian's Role in Rabies Control - Ilona OtterDogs Trust
The document outlines the important role that veterinarians play in rabies control and eradication. It discusses that eradicating rabies requires eliminating the virus from the main host population, which is dogs. Veterinarians are key to rabies control as they are responsible for vaccinating domestic dogs on a continuous basis. The document then describes the various roles veterinarians have, including educating the public, administering vaccinations, monitoring rabies cases, controlling dog populations, and communicating rabies information to different groups. It emphasizes that all veterinarians in India have an important part to play in rabies control efforts.
RABIES IN TUNISIA:Evolution and result of « National Program of Rabies Control »Pasteur_Tunis
The document summarizes the evolution and results of Tunisia's National Program for Rabies Control. It finds that:
1) Rabies is endemic in Tunisia, primarily spread by dogs. A national program was established in 1983 to control rabies through dog vaccination campaigns, human post-exposure prophylaxis, and rabies surveillance.
2) The program successfully reduced rabies incidence between 1983-1988 and 1993-2010. However, cases have increased again from 2012-2015, calling for improvements to the program, including increasing dog vaccination coverage and public education.
3) The Pasteur Institute Rabies Laboratory plays a key role in epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of control efforts in Tunisia. It
This chapter discusses prevention and control of zoonotic diseases. It describes four common zoonotic diseases in detail: anthrax, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, and rabies. These diseases are usually transmitted from animals to humans through direct contact, ingestion, inhalation or bites. The chapter outlines symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for each disease. It emphasizes the importance of public education, vaccination, proper food handling, and sanitation to prevent and control the spread of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans.
"One Health in the Prevention and Control of Rabies"Abraham_Kidane
1) Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It remains a global public health problem, causing tens of thousands of deaths annually, especially in Africa and Asia.
2) Effective prevention and control of rabies relies on a multi-sectoral "One Health" approach involving veterinary, public health and wildlife agencies. Key strategies include dog vaccination programs, post-exposure prophylaxis for bite victims, and oral rabies vaccination of wildlife in some regions.
3) While still present, rabies transmission has been eliminated from dog populations in the United States and parts of Latin America through well-coordinated vaccination and public education efforts. However, rabies persists in wildlife reservoirs in many areas
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseasesILRI
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
It is easy to follow an established protocol recommended by the manufacturer. However that protocol need to be fine tuned for your lab to save money and time. If you have the luxury of time you may be able to save a bundle by staining using a very diluted antibody by staining overnight or even extending incubation time for one hour.
Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS) is an organization that provides veterinary aid to animal welfare charities around the world. It sends veterinary teams on missions, provides veterinary supplies and equipment, and offers volunteer opportunities for veterinarians and non-veterinarians. In 2011, WVS helped over 450 charities, treated over 10,500 animals through 67 veterinary teams, and sent 530 aid parcels. WVS also operates an international training center in India that provides veterinary training and runs spay/neuter campaigns.
The One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are interconnected. It aims to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. Key agencies like FAO, OIE, and WHO have developed strategic frameworks to foster cooperation between sectors. Case studies demonstrate how delayed or lack of coordination between human and animal health sectors increased costs and impacted control of diseases like Nipah virus. Antimicrobial resistance is another issue that requires a One Health approach.
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
The document discusses the One Health approach taken in the Philippines for rabies prevention, avian influenza protection, and addressing zoonotic diseases. It describes the creation of the National Rabies Prevention and Control Program, Avian Influenza Protection Program, and Philippine Inter-agency Committee on Zoonoses to facilitate collaboration between animal health, public health, and environmental agencies. These committees and programs coordinate prevention, control, and elimination efforts for diseases like rabies, avian influenza, henipavirus, Ebola, and schistosomiasis through activities like mass dog vaccination, surveillance, education, and treatment programs. The recognized inter-agency partnerships are able to quickly respond to emerging infectious diseases issues.
- Vaccines play an important role in One Health by preventing disease emergence, restricting pathogen spread, and controlling zoonotic disease transmission. This improves livestock productivity and livelihoods while also benefitting human health.
- Examples of successful One Health vaccination programs include using vaccines to eradicate rabies through dog vaccination campaigns and reducing human brucellosis through livestock vaccination.
- Addressing challenges like concurrent vaccine administration and improving vaccine delivery through public-private partnerships can help increase vaccination coverage and reduce costs. Vaccination is an important tool for improving animal health and welfare while also reducing antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance.
NDWC Chennai 2013 - Prevention & Control of Zoonotic Disease - Dr Shilpi Das Dogs Trust
Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans. Many new infectious diseases affecting humans originate in animals. Proper hygiene practices for both animals and humans can help prevent transmission. Key steps include vaccinating pets, cleaning animal living areas, practicing good hand hygiene, and consulting doctors promptly after any animal bites or exposures. Coordination between veterinary and public health agencies is important for surveillance, reporting, and controlling zoonotic diseases. Rabies remains a serious threat in India, with most cases resulting from dog bites. Efforts are needed to strengthen rabies diagnosis, vaccination programs for both animals and humans, and inter-sectoral cooperation.
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The role of human and animal health professionals towards rabies free ethiopia
1. The Role of Human and Animal
Health Professionals towards
Rabies Free Ethiopia
By Abraham Haile (DVM,MVPH)
““Human and animal Health Professionals Together To End rabies”
September 26, 2015, Addis Ababa
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Gaps in Rabies services Provision in Ethiopia
• The role of Human and Animal Health
Professionals in Prevention and Control of
Rabies
3. Introduction
• Rabies is a viral disease of mammals that is
transmitted from animals to humans.
• Rabies virus attacks nervous system.
• There is NO CURE for the disease once
manifested 100% case fatality rate.
• It results in annual loss of more than 55,000-
70,000 lives worldwide.
• People at rural areas and Children under 15
years are highly affected.
4. Introduction….cont’d
• Transmission:
– Spread by bites or contact of infected saliva with
mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, etc)
– Contact with nervous tissue
– People have been infected by aerosol
– Organ transplantation
– Consumption of food (milk and meat) from animal
products
5.
6. Animal point
Human point
Anti rabies
treatment
Education
Animal
vaccination
Dog
population
management
Surveillance
Responsible
dog
ownership
Improve
research
Multi-sectoral and
agency
collaboration
Law
enforcement
Rabies Prevention and Control
Strategies
7. Challenges in rabies prevention and
control efforts in Ethiopia
• Weak collaboration between veterinary and public
health sectors
• Lack of legal enforcement
• Weak surveillance system
• Lack of sufficient data
• Limited access to anti rabies vaccine
• Limited laboratory capacity
• No standard guidelines for case management
• Low awareness among the community and
Professionals
8. Gaps in Rabies services Provision in Ethiopia
• Only one laboratory in the country
• Few facilities providing anti rabies treatment
service (Only 2 in Addis)
• No RX guideline is being used
• No training has been given to workers
• Lack of human rabies management system
• Lack of animal quarantine station and supplies to
capturing, Pre exposure vaccine, drugs
• No network between the Public health and
veterinary facilities (EPHI efforts)
9. What needs to be done?
Strengthen and capacitate regional
public health facilities (Hospitals) on
treatment services
– Provision of Training and National PET
protocol guidelines
– Provision of cell culture vaccine and anti
rabies immunoglobulin (RIG)
– Establish human rabies Case management
system
– Establish referral system
10. What needs to be done?….cont’d
Build and strengthen clinical and
laboratory diagnostic service at
laboratories and clinics
– Training for professionals (Veterinary clinics
and regional laboratories)
– Provision of guidelines
– Scale up laboratory capacity
– Establish referral system
12. What needs to be done?….cont’d
LABORATORY
HOSPITAL/
HEALTH
CENTER
VET CLINIC
COMMUNITY
EPHI
13. The Role of Human and Animal Health in
Prevention and Control of Rabies
What is your role?
14. The Role of Human and Animal Health in
Prevention and Control of Rabies
The Concept of One Health in Prevention and
Control of Rabies
One Health is collaborative effort of multiple
disciplines to attain optimal health for people,
animals, and our environment.
Joint collaboration in
Research, surveillance, education and
Intervention.
15. The Role of Human and Animal Health in
Prevention and Control of Rabies
Anti rabies
treatment
Education
Animal
vaccination
Dog
population
management
Surveillance
Responsible
dog
ownership
Improve
research
Multi-sectoral and
agency
collaboration
Law
enforcement
16. The role of animal health professionals
Dog population registration
Animal vaccination (>3 months of age)
Animal population management
Capturing and Quarantining animals for 10
days observation
Education of the general public (animal
owners)
Information Sharing to public health
professionals
17. The role of Human health professionals
First aid treatment
Wash wounds immediately with soap and water
for 15 minutes
Avoid wounds suturing/bandaging
TAT and Antibiotics
Pre exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Education of the general public
Information Sharing to Animal health
professionals
18. The role of Human health professionals
Address Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) based on Risk
Assessment Algorithm
Minimize unnecessary treatments (psychological,
financial loss)
Ensure appropriate distribution of vaccine
Advocate the use of modern Anti rabies treatment
Nerve tissue vaccine (17 injections)
Severe adverse effects
Poor immunogenicity
Cell Culture vaccine (5 injections)
Minimum adverse effects
Good treatment outcomes
19. Where do we need collaboration to strengthen
service provision ???
Appropriate wound management
Observation of suspected animal for 10 days
Provide referral of patients
Consult individuals on brain sample transfer to
EPHI
Result communication (formal and informal
reporting)
Encourage Appropriate animal management
Encourage pets Vaccination (dogs and cats)
20. Where do we need collaboration to strengthen
service provision ???
Create awareness on animal rights
Animal feel pain like humans!
21. Common Misperceptions
"Vaccinated" animals do not harbor the disease
Leashed animals are free of rabies
Avoiding vaccination of young animals
Puppies cannot get the disease
Bitches gave birth
Minor bite and scratch
Healed wounds as indicator of rabies virus
absence
22. Common Misperceptions
Considering first aid treatments as anti rabiesRX
Inappropriate use of vaccine
IM for fermi type (local vaccine)
reduce dose
25. What benefits will be gained
• Ensured standardized case management will
enable to reduce
Psychological
Financial loss
• Facilitate decision making through reliable
data
• Enable successful Prevention and Control of
rabies to point of Elimination
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