The document provides an overview of oral communication, including its essentials, goals, and the importance of listening. It discusses:
- The key aspects of oral communication including defining it as the sharing of information through speech between individuals.
- The main goals of communication which include informing, requesting action, instructing, and persuading.
- How to prepare for oral communication, such as determining the purpose, selecting the topic, analyzing the audience, researching materials, and creating an outline.
- The importance of listening which involves recalling, attending to, assigning meaning to, and remembering a message, as well as empathic listening like accepting other perspectives without judgment.
This document provides an overview of a course on advanced presentation skills. It outlines the course learning outcomes, assessments including assignments, speeches, and presentations, topics that will be covered in the course, and definitions and concepts related to communication and public speaking. The key goals of the course are to develop advanced presentation skills, ability to structure clear content and visuals for different audiences, and critical thinking in developing and responding to questions about presentations. Students will be assessed through participation, assignments, an informative speech, and a persuasive presentation.
This document provides an overview of an advanced presentation skills course. It outlines the course learning outcomes, which include demonstrating effective presentation skills, structuring clear content and visuals, and engaging in critical thinking. Assessments include participation, assignments, an informative speech, and a persuasive presentation. Topics covered include narratives, language style, delivery techniques, and using visuals. The document also discusses communication, public speaking, listening skills, and key communication concepts.
Communication skills are some of the most utilized and the most sought after in the workplace. They’re essential for leaders and individual contributors to hone. Looking at our largely remot and hybrid work environments, great communication skills make the difference between connected, agile teams, and teams who fail to collaborate, stay aligned, and achieve common goals.
The good news is that improving communication skills is easier than you might imagine. Here are some basic principles worth following in order to communicate better.
PRESENTATION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS.pptxDrNamrataMane
This document discusses presentation and communication skills. It covers types of presentations like informational, discursive, and demonstrative. It outlines the preparation, structure, and timing of effective presentations. Structure includes an introduction, main presentation with 3-4 key messages, and conclusion. Timing depends on allotted time. The document also covers types of communication like verbal, written, nonverbal. It describes the stages of communication as sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Principles of effective communication discussed are clarity, completeness, conciseness, consideration, and correctness. The importance of communication is also highlighted.
Communication is an inseparable aspect of daily life and we cannot live without communicating with anyone. Communication can take place in both ways; either in-person communication or communication through various social media platforms. However, effective communication is something that you need to know for various business purposes. As we communicate with innumerable people daily, we do not know what is the percentage of communication and how well it reaches the desired audience.
Effective communication means where we know what we are trying to communicate and the audience is getting exactly what we are trying to say. This communication is a very important aspect of both our professional and personal lives. It involves developing certain skills with the help of which we can exchange information with more clarity, understanding, and empathy. To know all about what is effective communication and how it can improve your career, do go for Project Management course as it will be a plus point in your career ahead.
Professional English - Week 1 ( Slideshow PPT )MelD16
This document provides an overview of a university course on professional English and oral communication skills. It discusses the essentials of communication, including the roles and goals of oral communication. It emphasizes the importance of listening in communication. There are different types of listening, including recall listening and empathic listening. Recall listening involves interpreting, remembering and providing feedback on a message. Empathic listening requires fully understanding other perspectives in a non-judgmental way. The document also covers preparing for oral communication, such as determining the purpose, selecting topics and analyzing the audience.
This document provides an overview of developing speaking skills. It discusses understanding the speech process, tools and techniques for effective speaking, and different levels of speaking. It covers the art of conversation, including dialogue, discussion, public speaking, presentation, negotiation, and persuasion. Tips are provided for improving skills in each area, such as knowing your audience, structuring presentations, using numbers in negotiation, and listening during discussions. The goal is to learn strategies for clear, impactful communication through speaking.
Public Speaking Seminar Material for NTUST-ISANTUST-ISA
The document discusses the key elements of communication including source, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and noise. It defines each element and provides examples. It also covers models of communication, factors that affect communication, and barriers to effective communication such as semantic noise. Additionally, the document discusses principles of public speaking including credibility, organization, language, and delivery. It provides tips for selecting topics, organizing content, and analyzing audiences to create effective speeches.
This document provides an overview of a course on advanced presentation skills. It outlines the course learning outcomes, assessments including assignments, speeches, and presentations, topics that will be covered in the course, and definitions and concepts related to communication and public speaking. The key goals of the course are to develop advanced presentation skills, ability to structure clear content and visuals for different audiences, and critical thinking in developing and responding to questions about presentations. Students will be assessed through participation, assignments, an informative speech, and a persuasive presentation.
This document provides an overview of an advanced presentation skills course. It outlines the course learning outcomes, which include demonstrating effective presentation skills, structuring clear content and visuals, and engaging in critical thinking. Assessments include participation, assignments, an informative speech, and a persuasive presentation. Topics covered include narratives, language style, delivery techniques, and using visuals. The document also discusses communication, public speaking, listening skills, and key communication concepts.
Communication skills are some of the most utilized and the most sought after in the workplace. They’re essential for leaders and individual contributors to hone. Looking at our largely remot and hybrid work environments, great communication skills make the difference between connected, agile teams, and teams who fail to collaborate, stay aligned, and achieve common goals.
The good news is that improving communication skills is easier than you might imagine. Here are some basic principles worth following in order to communicate better.
PRESENTATION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS.pptxDrNamrataMane
This document discusses presentation and communication skills. It covers types of presentations like informational, discursive, and demonstrative. It outlines the preparation, structure, and timing of effective presentations. Structure includes an introduction, main presentation with 3-4 key messages, and conclusion. Timing depends on allotted time. The document also covers types of communication like verbal, written, nonverbal. It describes the stages of communication as sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Principles of effective communication discussed are clarity, completeness, conciseness, consideration, and correctness. The importance of communication is also highlighted.
Communication is an inseparable aspect of daily life and we cannot live without communicating with anyone. Communication can take place in both ways; either in-person communication or communication through various social media platforms. However, effective communication is something that you need to know for various business purposes. As we communicate with innumerable people daily, we do not know what is the percentage of communication and how well it reaches the desired audience.
Effective communication means where we know what we are trying to communicate and the audience is getting exactly what we are trying to say. This communication is a very important aspect of both our professional and personal lives. It involves developing certain skills with the help of which we can exchange information with more clarity, understanding, and empathy. To know all about what is effective communication and how it can improve your career, do go for Project Management course as it will be a plus point in your career ahead.
Professional English - Week 1 ( Slideshow PPT )MelD16
This document provides an overview of a university course on professional English and oral communication skills. It discusses the essentials of communication, including the roles and goals of oral communication. It emphasizes the importance of listening in communication. There are different types of listening, including recall listening and empathic listening. Recall listening involves interpreting, remembering and providing feedback on a message. Empathic listening requires fully understanding other perspectives in a non-judgmental way. The document also covers preparing for oral communication, such as determining the purpose, selecting topics and analyzing the audience.
This document provides an overview of developing speaking skills. It discusses understanding the speech process, tools and techniques for effective speaking, and different levels of speaking. It covers the art of conversation, including dialogue, discussion, public speaking, presentation, negotiation, and persuasion. Tips are provided for improving skills in each area, such as knowing your audience, structuring presentations, using numbers in negotiation, and listening during discussions. The goal is to learn strategies for clear, impactful communication through speaking.
Public Speaking Seminar Material for NTUST-ISANTUST-ISA
The document discusses the key elements of communication including source, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and noise. It defines each element and provides examples. It also covers models of communication, factors that affect communication, and barriers to effective communication such as semantic noise. Additionally, the document discusses principles of public speaking including credibility, organization, language, and delivery. It provides tips for selecting topics, organizing content, and analyzing audiences to create effective speeches.
The document provides guidance on making effective presentations for different contexts and purposes. It discusses the key elements of an effective presentation including understanding your audience, clearly stating your purpose, and using logical and emotional appeals. It also outlines different types of informative presentations like briefings and trainings, and special occasion presentations such as award ceremonies, dedications, and farewell speeches. The document emphasizes adapting your presentation based on your audience and purpose.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including defining communication, the communication process, types of communication, levels of communication, barriers to communication, and how to overcome those barriers. It provides details on verbal and non-verbal communication, written vs oral communication, intrapersonal, small group, one-to-group, and mass communication. It also discusses the importance of hearing and listening, instructions for effective communication, and dos and don'ts of communication.
This document discusses various aspects of communication skills, including:
- Defining communication and outlining the communication process.
- Describing types (verbal, non-verbal), levels (intrapersonal, small group, etc.), and barriers of communication.
- Explaining the difference between hearing and listening and how to overcome communication barriers.
- Providing tips for effective communication including instructions, body language, cultural sensitivity, and summarization.
This document provides an overview of various English language skills including integrated language skills, comprehension, paragraph writing, essay writing, presentation skills, precis writing, story writing, and interview skills. It discusses the four main language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For each skill, it describes the process, importance, types, and differences between related techniques. For example, it explains the difference between skimming and scanning when reading, and distinguishes between intensive and extensive reading approaches. The document serves as a study guide for developing proficiency in multiple areas of the English language.
The document discusses communication for various purposes. It explains that communication allows people to understand each other and share information, opinions, and insights. There are different means of communication, such as writing, speaking, and watching. It also discusses the various specific purposes of communication, such as to inform, persuade, argue, and entertain. The chapter aims to help students understand these different communication purposes to enhance their skills. [/SUMMARY]
Public speaking involves formally presenting ideas to an audience to inform, persuade, or entertain. It is a way to engage civically and influence issues that matter. While public speaking uses many of the same conversational skills like organizing thoughts and tailoring messages, it differs in being more structured and requiring formal language and different delivery. Developing confidence in public speaking takes practice and recognizing that nervousness is normal, which can be addressed through preparation, positive thinking, and not expecting perfection. Public speaking also enhances critical thinking abilities useful in many situations.
This document discusses communication and provides information on key concepts related to communication including content, meaning, process, principles, functions, and barriers. It begins by defining communication and describing the most common ways to communicate including speaking, body language, writing, and visuals. It then covers the basic model of communication and seven principles of communication including completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, correctness, and courtesy. The document also discusses the functions of communication and barriers to effective communication such as physical, language, psychological, tangible differences, intangible differences, and distortion barriers.
This document discusses effective communication within teams and organizations. It covers communication theory and skills like listening and feedback. The importance of communication in establishing a common purpose and vision is explained. Motivational factors and a leader's role in supporting team members are also addressed. An assessment task at the end lists questions about communication, purpose, motivation, and leadership.
The confident speaker, despite title or position, will have a competitive edge over just about everyone. Cultivating the ability to communicate, choose your words carefully, and engage people is the best investment you could ever make. This seminar will help attendees to understand the principles of active listening and how to apply them to ensure that we collect necessary information needed in order to attain success. Learn how to take the lead and motivate the masses by expressing your message with passion and inspiration.
At the end of this course, participants will be able to:
a. Examine the principles of active listening.
b. Explore active listening skills for better communication.
c. Learn techniques to convey your message accurately and directly.
d. Explore mental coaching techniques to address fear.
Speaking in Public, Definition of Public Speaking, The power of Public Speaking, Similarities and DIfferences between Public Speaking and Conversation, How to manage your nervousness.
Effective communication requires understanding between parties. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message that is sent through a channel and decoded by a receiver. Feedback is important to ensure understanding occurred. Barriers like noise, selective perception, and differing perspectives can interfere with clear communication. Key aspects of strong communication include listening skills, presenting information effectively, and providing constructive feedback.
Communication skills are the ability to convey or share ideas and feelings effectively. They are essential for success in both personal and professional life.
There are many different aspects of communication skills, including:
Verbal communication: This is the ability to speak clearly and concisely. It also includes the ability to listen effectively and to ask clarifying questions.
Nonverbal communication: This includes body language, eye contact, and facial expressions. Nonverbal communication can often be just as important as verbal communication.
Written communication: This includes the ability to write clearly and concisely. It also includes the ability to proofread and edit your work.
Interpersonal communication: This is the ability to communicate effectively with others. It includes the ability to build relationships, to resolve conflicts, and to work collaboratively.
Communication skills are essential for success in both personal and professional life. They can help you to:
Build relationships: Communication skills can help you to build relationships with others. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to connect with others and to build rapport.
Solve problems: Communication skills can help you to solve problems. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to understand the problem, to gather information, and to come up with a solution.
Be more persuasive: Communication skills can help you to be more persuasive. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to influence others and to get them to see your point of view.
There are many different ways to improve your communication skills. Some tips include:
Practice: The more you practice communicating, the better you will become at it.
Get feedback: Ask for feedback from others on your communication skills. This can help you to identify areas where you can improve.
Take a class: There are many different classes available that can help you to improve your communication skills.
Read books and articles: There are many books and articles available that can provide tips on how to improve your communication skills.
Public speaking involves speaking to an audience to inform, influence, or entertain them. It commonly refers to face-to-face communication with a group intended to share knowledge or perspectives to achieve a purpose. Successful public speaking requires considering elements like the speaker, purpose, message, medium, setting, listener response, potential interferences, and consequences. An effective speech structure includes an attention-grabbing introduction, presentation of main points organized logically in the body, and a conclusion that restates the key themes.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective elevator pitch to introduce one's work. It recommends identifying core messages such as the problem/context, your role/solution, proposed actions, and potential results. You should know why the audience should listen, take action, and what actions you want them to take. Then tailor the core message based on content, style, appropriate messengers, delivery timing and location. Consider engaging with different stakeholders like academics, media, policymakers, and practitioners. When pitching, be clear, concise, frame points for the audience, and use context and stories to make ideas stick.
This document provides guidance on developing and delivering an effective public speaking presentation. It discusses determining the reason for speaking and knowing the audience. It recommends organizing the presentation with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Specific organization structures are outlined. Visual aids, rehearsal, delivery approach, and keeping the audience engaged are also addressed. The overall message is that preparation, understanding the audience and context, and an organized structure are keys to successful public speaking.
This document discusses public speaking and the informative technique. It begins by defining public speaking and outlining its importance in business, education, and public life. It then discusses how anyone can become better at public speaking through practice, as it is a learnable skill. The document focuses on the informative technique, providing tips for crafting an informative speech such as establishing importance, analyzing the audience, using appropriate language, explaining relevance, expressing interest, being specific, and citing examples. The overall goal of informative speaking is to teach an audience through well-researched content presented in a clear, organized manner.
This document provides an overview of communication skills and concepts. It discusses the objectives of effective communication, including understanding what communication is, why it is important, and how the communication model works. It outlines tips for both senders and receivers of messages, including how to structure messages, deliver messages effectively, listen actively, and provide constructive feedback. The document also discusses barriers to communication and how to minimize them through active listening, focusing on understanding, and using "I" statements rather than blame. The overall aim is to improve communication skills and understanding between parties.
Verbal communication includes both oral and written communication using spoken or written words. Oral communication can take place face-to-face or over the phone, and may be informal or formal such as in a meeting, presentation, or speech. Effective oral communication requires knowing your objective, audience, subject matter, voice, and length of message. It allows for immediate feedback but lacks legal validity and accountability. Speaking skills are important for conveying information clearly and engaging an audience.
Verbal communication includes both oral and written communication using spoken or written words. Oral communication can take place face-to-face or over the phone, and may be informal or formal such as in a meeting, presentation, or speech. Effective oral communication requires knowing your objective, audience, subject matter, voice, and length of message. It allows for immediate feedback but lacks legal validity and accountability. Speaking skills are important for conveying information clearly and engaging an audience.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
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The document provides guidance on making effective presentations for different contexts and purposes. It discusses the key elements of an effective presentation including understanding your audience, clearly stating your purpose, and using logical and emotional appeals. It also outlines different types of informative presentations like briefings and trainings, and special occasion presentations such as award ceremonies, dedications, and farewell speeches. The document emphasizes adapting your presentation based on your audience and purpose.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including defining communication, the communication process, types of communication, levels of communication, barriers to communication, and how to overcome those barriers. It provides details on verbal and non-verbal communication, written vs oral communication, intrapersonal, small group, one-to-group, and mass communication. It also discusses the importance of hearing and listening, instructions for effective communication, and dos and don'ts of communication.
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- Explaining the difference between hearing and listening and how to overcome communication barriers.
- Providing tips for effective communication including instructions, body language, cultural sensitivity, and summarization.
This document provides an overview of various English language skills including integrated language skills, comprehension, paragraph writing, essay writing, presentation skills, precis writing, story writing, and interview skills. It discusses the four main language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For each skill, it describes the process, importance, types, and differences between related techniques. For example, it explains the difference between skimming and scanning when reading, and distinguishes between intensive and extensive reading approaches. The document serves as a study guide for developing proficiency in multiple areas of the English language.
The document discusses communication for various purposes. It explains that communication allows people to understand each other and share information, opinions, and insights. There are different means of communication, such as writing, speaking, and watching. It also discusses the various specific purposes of communication, such as to inform, persuade, argue, and entertain. The chapter aims to help students understand these different communication purposes to enhance their skills. [/SUMMARY]
Public speaking involves formally presenting ideas to an audience to inform, persuade, or entertain. It is a way to engage civically and influence issues that matter. While public speaking uses many of the same conversational skills like organizing thoughts and tailoring messages, it differs in being more structured and requiring formal language and different delivery. Developing confidence in public speaking takes practice and recognizing that nervousness is normal, which can be addressed through preparation, positive thinking, and not expecting perfection. Public speaking also enhances critical thinking abilities useful in many situations.
This document discusses communication and provides information on key concepts related to communication including content, meaning, process, principles, functions, and barriers. It begins by defining communication and describing the most common ways to communicate including speaking, body language, writing, and visuals. It then covers the basic model of communication and seven principles of communication including completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, correctness, and courtesy. The document also discusses the functions of communication and barriers to effective communication such as physical, language, psychological, tangible differences, intangible differences, and distortion barriers.
This document discusses effective communication within teams and organizations. It covers communication theory and skills like listening and feedback. The importance of communication in establishing a common purpose and vision is explained. Motivational factors and a leader's role in supporting team members are also addressed. An assessment task at the end lists questions about communication, purpose, motivation, and leadership.
The confident speaker, despite title or position, will have a competitive edge over just about everyone. Cultivating the ability to communicate, choose your words carefully, and engage people is the best investment you could ever make. This seminar will help attendees to understand the principles of active listening and how to apply them to ensure that we collect necessary information needed in order to attain success. Learn how to take the lead and motivate the masses by expressing your message with passion and inspiration.
At the end of this course, participants will be able to:
a. Examine the principles of active listening.
b. Explore active listening skills for better communication.
c. Learn techniques to convey your message accurately and directly.
d. Explore mental coaching techniques to address fear.
Speaking in Public, Definition of Public Speaking, The power of Public Speaking, Similarities and DIfferences between Public Speaking and Conversation, How to manage your nervousness.
Effective communication requires understanding between parties. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message that is sent through a channel and decoded by a receiver. Feedback is important to ensure understanding occurred. Barriers like noise, selective perception, and differing perspectives can interfere with clear communication. Key aspects of strong communication include listening skills, presenting information effectively, and providing constructive feedback.
Communication skills are the ability to convey or share ideas and feelings effectively. They are essential for success in both personal and professional life.
There are many different aspects of communication skills, including:
Verbal communication: This is the ability to speak clearly and concisely. It also includes the ability to listen effectively and to ask clarifying questions.
Nonverbal communication: This includes body language, eye contact, and facial expressions. Nonverbal communication can often be just as important as verbal communication.
Written communication: This includes the ability to write clearly and concisely. It also includes the ability to proofread and edit your work.
Interpersonal communication: This is the ability to communicate effectively with others. It includes the ability to build relationships, to resolve conflicts, and to work collaboratively.
Communication skills are essential for success in both personal and professional life. They can help you to:
Build relationships: Communication skills can help you to build relationships with others. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to connect with others and to build rapport.
Solve problems: Communication skills can help you to solve problems. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to understand the problem, to gather information, and to come up with a solution.
Be more persuasive: Communication skills can help you to be more persuasive. When you are able to communicate effectively, you are more likely to be able to influence others and to get them to see your point of view.
There are many different ways to improve your communication skills. Some tips include:
Practice: The more you practice communicating, the better you will become at it.
Get feedback: Ask for feedback from others on your communication skills. This can help you to identify areas where you can improve.
Take a class: There are many different classes available that can help you to improve your communication skills.
Read books and articles: There are many books and articles available that can provide tips on how to improve your communication skills.
Public speaking involves speaking to an audience to inform, influence, or entertain them. It commonly refers to face-to-face communication with a group intended to share knowledge or perspectives to achieve a purpose. Successful public speaking requires considering elements like the speaker, purpose, message, medium, setting, listener response, potential interferences, and consequences. An effective speech structure includes an attention-grabbing introduction, presentation of main points organized logically in the body, and a conclusion that restates the key themes.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective elevator pitch to introduce one's work. It recommends identifying core messages such as the problem/context, your role/solution, proposed actions, and potential results. You should know why the audience should listen, take action, and what actions you want them to take. Then tailor the core message based on content, style, appropriate messengers, delivery timing and location. Consider engaging with different stakeholders like academics, media, policymakers, and practitioners. When pitching, be clear, concise, frame points for the audience, and use context and stories to make ideas stick.
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This document discusses public speaking and the informative technique. It begins by defining public speaking and outlining its importance in business, education, and public life. It then discusses how anyone can become better at public speaking through practice, as it is a learnable skill. The document focuses on the informative technique, providing tips for crafting an informative speech such as establishing importance, analyzing the audience, using appropriate language, explaining relevance, expressing interest, being specific, and citing examples. The overall goal of informative speaking is to teach an audience through well-researched content presented in a clear, organized manner.
This document provides an overview of communication skills and concepts. It discusses the objectives of effective communication, including understanding what communication is, why it is important, and how the communication model works. It outlines tips for both senders and receivers of messages, including how to structure messages, deliver messages effectively, listen actively, and provide constructive feedback. The document also discusses barriers to communication and how to minimize them through active listening, focusing on understanding, and using "I" statements rather than blame. The overall aim is to improve communication skills and understanding between parties.
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PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH : THE ROLE OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
1. WEEK 1: TOPIC 1
THE ROLES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Prepared by:
Stephanie Larry Daniel
M.Ed (Management&Leadership)
B.Ed (TESL)
2. LESSON OVERVIEW:
Essentials of communication
Goals of communication
Preparing to communicate orally
The importance of listening in oral
communication
Recall listening
Empathic listening
4. ➜Communication is the creation or exchange of thoughts,
information, facts, ideas, viewpoints, emotions and
understanding between two or more persons (senders and
receivers).
➜In short, it is the process of sending and receiving
messages to bring about mutual understanding and desired
action.
➜Shared understanding is the key to effective
communication.
➜Communication is essential in building and maintaining
relationship in the workplace.
Communication Defined
5. ➜Oral communication is the sharing of information between
individuals by using speech.
➜In other words, it is the process of expressing information or
ideas by word of mouth (i.e. spoken communication).
➜ It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct
conversation (face to face conversation) or telephonic
conversation, speeches, presentations, discussions,
counselling, meetings, interview, etc.
➜Whether to use oral communication is a decision we all make
frequently in the course of a workday. As such, we must be
able to identify the situations in which oral communication is
the most appropriate one to use.
Oral Communication
6. • The receiver is not particularly interested in receiving the message. Oral
communication provides more opportunity for getting and keeping interest
and attention.
• It is important to get feedback from the receiver.
• The receiver is too busy or preoccupied to read. Oral communication
provides more opportunity to get attention.
• The sender wants to persuade or convince as oral communication provides
more flexibility, opportunity for emphasis, chance to listen and opportunity to
remove resistance and change attitudes.
• When discussion of the issue is needed. A complicated subject frequently
requires discussion to be sure of understanding.
• When the receiver prefers one-to-one or face-to-face contact.
USE ORAL COMMUNICATION WHEN:
8. i. To inform – you are providing information for use in
decision making
ii. To request for a specific action by the receiver
iii. To instruct – to give command and instructions, which
flow from top to the lower level, in order to enable them
to accomplish their tasks
iv. To persuade – to reinforce or change a receiver’s
belief about a topic and possibly, act on the belief
v. To build relationships – some messages you send
may have the simple goal of building goodwill between
you and the receiver
10. 1. Determine the overall purpose
• There are many reasons for giving a
presentation including to inform, educate,
entertain, inspire and convince.
• Once you know the purpose of your
presentation you can determine the structure,
topics and method of delivery that will best
achieve your purpose.
11. 2. Select and limit the subject
• It may seem an obvious thing to do, but before you start
writing your presentation you must determine what
precisely your topic will be and what topic area you plan to
address.
• Once this is clear you can begin scripting your
presentation.
• Occasionally you will find that your topic is actually too
large or complex for the time available and you may have
to go back and review the specific topic you wish to
address.
• Consider personal experience and interest – it is difficult
to create interest in an audience if you are bored by the
topic or lack the necessary experience to address it.
12. 3. Analyze the audience and the situation
• Every audience is different and in order to ensure
success you should always consider what your
potential audience will be like and what their
expectations will be.
• Failure to address the needs, attitudes and level of
interest and understanding of an audience can hinder
your presentation.
• If you do not have personal knowledge of the potential
audience, try to contact someone who can give you
some idea as to the nature, attitudes and
expectations of your potential audience.
13. 4. Research and gather materials
• The main ideas of your speech need examples,
statistical support and quotations from experts for clarity
and proof.
a) Examples – specific instances that illustrate a larger
point. An example can be factual (something that really
happens) or hypothetical (something that is a composite
of real incidents or the speaker’s guess about a future
event)
b) Statistics – a collection of individual examples delivered
as raw numbers or averages. It gives more meaningful
when combined with comparisons.
c) Testimony – a direct quotation or paraphrase of
witnesses, experts or other informed people. It can make
the ideas more memorable or add credibility to your
persuasive appeal.
14. • Researching the topics involves collecting supporting
material for the specific purpose and main idea statements.
• Typical research tools for professional setting: library,
internet and interview.
a) Library – computerized and online catalog can run book
searches titles, authors, or subjects
b) Internet – A search engine is a program that selects
through an enormous index of webpages for key words or
phrases.
c) Interview – face-to-face, telephone, or internet
conversations with experts. The interview should clearly
define the purpose of interview prior to contacting potential
interviewees. Developing questions prior to interview so
you have something to show if the interviewee wants to
know the questions in advance – the question will also
keep the interview on tract and prevent wasted time.
15. 5. Create speech outline
• There are several types of speech outlines commonly
used by speakers. However, all of them are organized
into an opening, body and conclusion.
• Below is an illustration of a very basic speech outline:
16. 6. Select appropriate presentation aids
• Most speakers will find sound (audio) and sight
(visual) most useful.
• Visual can spark interest, add variety, increase
comprehension and retention of material and help to
hold an audience’s attention.
• It should always be simple, clear and pertinent
(relevant).
• The content and the placement of visual aids within
the presentation must be planned carefully.
• Determine the type of visual aid will best emphasize,
enhance and clarify the message.
17. 7. Practice before you deliver it
• It is helpful to rehearse your presentations many times
before delivering the presentation to the audience.
• The best way to do so is to practice the presentation
from beginning to end (from introduction to concluding
statement), following the outline and incorporating
visual aids (if any).
19. Understanding is the KEY to communication.
Understanding requires active listening.
20.
21. 1. Active listening works
➜Takes place when a listener focuses his or her full
attention on the speaker, avoids interrupting the
speaker, remains nonjudgmental and shows genuine
interest in the speaker
➜Full attention allows the listener to understand what’s
being implied and read nonverbal clues such as body
language and facial expressions that may contradict
verbal words
➜An open, inviting posture and small verbal comments
such as “yes” or “I understand” can help uncover the root
of most problems.
The Importance of Listening
22. 2. Conflict resolution
➜An ability to listen effectively can turn a disruptive
situation into an opportunity for growth
➜A way of showing true concern for the speaker and
their situation
➜This will increase interpersonal bonding, forming a
basis for commitment and trust – can help to calm
the situation, relieve negative feelings and provide
opportunity for real problem solving to begin.
23. 3. Motivation and productivity
➜Produce unintended results that ultimately benefit both the
listener and speaker
➜The better a manager understands his employees the
more effectively he can motivate employees – this makes
it easier for a manager to choose appropriate rewards
such as praise, additional responsibilities, etc.
4. Perception management
➜Effective listening can prevent misunderstandings,
ensure a first encounter creates a positive impression
and help maintain an organization’s reputation.
➜It can create efficient working relationships that not only
saves both side valuable time but can have potentially
significant benefits
24. ➜Involves a person’s ability to correctly interpret and
remember the content of another person’s message
➜Includes 4 processes:
i. Receiving – hear and process the message that another
communicates
ii. Attending – involves a listener’s ability to focus on the
message and direct his or her attention toward it without
distraction
iii. Assigning meaning – assigning an interpretation to it
iv. Remembering – the ability to store and recall the major
themes of a conversation for use in later decision making
Recall Listening
25. ➜ Involves an attitude of acceptance for what others have
to say, especially responding positively to emotions,
and providing feedback that makes people feel as if their
concern have been addressed.
i. An attitude of acceptance
• Learning to take time to fully understand other points of
view
• Accept what others have to say, especially responding
positively to emotions
• Avoid the following thought patterns:
Quick assumptions and inferences
Simplistic evaluations
Stereotyping other’s appearance, thoughts or
actions
Empathic Listening
26. ii. Providing feedback
• Indicates acceptance of the other person involved
• Listeners should provide responses that confirm or reject others.
• It includes:
Confirmation – a response that does 2 things: (1) accepts the
content of the conversation, and (2) accepts the experience or
emotion of the person. It contributes to a person’s feeling of
self-worth.
Rejection – acknowledging the validity of the emotions
expressed but denies the content of the communication
(negative feedback such as disagreeing or suggesting an
alternative course of action).
Disconfirmation – denies a person’s experiences or feelings,
and consequently, the other’s feeling of self-worth. It is
devastating to a person’s view of self and destructive to
productive relationship as it indicates lack of emphatic listening.
27. Disconfirmation includes:
Definitions and Examples of Disconfirmation
Avoiding
involvement
Verbal or nonverbal distancing tactics,
including avoiding eye contact, turning
away, walking away, etc.
Tangential (indirect) or
irrelevant remarks
Verbal comments that are disconnected
from or only minimally connected to the
first person’s remarks: “The next agenda
item is the conference.”
Imperviousness
(inflexibility/resistance)
Discrediting others’ feelings: “You don’t
feel that way” (flat denial) or “You can’t
possibly believe that.” (challenging the
right)
Disqualification Direct disparagement (criticism) of a
speaker: “That wasn’t a smart thing to do.”
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