Pollution

PREPARED BY,
SMIT PAREKH
ROLL No: 1506019042
BATCH: MECH A4

Introduction
Different Types of pollution are categorized based on the part of the
environment which they affect or result which the particular pollution causes.
Each of these types has its own distinctive causes and consequences.
There are several types of pollution, and while they may come from different
sources and have different consequences, understanding the basics about
pollution can help environmentally conscious individuals minimize their
contribution to these dangers.

The contamination of the air present in the atmosphere is known as “Air pollution”.

Causes of air pollution Effects of air pollution
 Burning of discarded plastic, wood and
rubber also release carcinogenic gases into
the atmosphere.
 Pollution emitting from vehicles
 Agricultural activities
 Exhaust from factories and industries
 Mining operations: Mining is a process
wherein minerals below the earth are
extracted using large equipment’s. During
the process dust and chemicals are released
in the air causing massive air pollution.
 Global warming
 Depletion of Ozone layer
 Acid Rain
 Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a condition
where high amount of nitrogen present in
some pollutants gets developed on sea’s surface
and turns itself into algae and adversely affect
fish, plants and animal species. The green
coloured algae that is present on lakes and
ponds is due to presence of this chemical only.

Solutions for air pollution
 Use public mode of transportation: Encourage people to use more and more public modes of
transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to make use of car pooling. If you and your colleagues come
from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money.
 Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. Large amount of fossil fuels are
burnt to produce electricity. You can save the environment from degradation by reducing the amount of
fossil fuels to be burned.
 Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Do not throw away items that are of no use
to you. In-fact reuse them for some other purpose. For e.g. you can use old jars to store cereals or pulses.
 Emphasis on clean energy resources: Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are
on high these days. Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers who are
interested in installing solar panels for their home. This will go a long way to curb air pollution.
 Use energy efficient devices: CFL lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live
longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming
less energy.

As the name suggests, “Water Pollution” is the type of pollution that involves the
contamination of various water bodies, whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial
matter that degrades the water's quality and purity. Water pollution can occur in oceans,
rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water sources flow together the
pollution can spread.

The causes of water pollution Effects of Water Pollution
 Industrial waste gets dumped into these water bodies.
This causes a chemical imbalance in the water leading to
death of the aquatic beings.
 Insecticides, pesticides and ripening chemicals that are
used on plants run into the ground water system or
nearby streams.
 Washing clothes near lakes and rivers cause’s detergents
also causes a condition called “Eutrophication” which
blocks sunlight from entering inside and reduces oxygen
values in the water causing an inhabitable environment.
 ‘Oil Spills’ are caused when giant oil tankers and oil rigs
which are present in the oceans are damaged by either
natural or human errors cause a long-time damage to the
ocean as oil is lighter than water and floats on water
forming a layer blocking sunlight.
 Oil spills in the water causes animal to die when they
ingest it or encounter it. Oil does not dissolve in water
so it causes suffocation in fish and birds.
 Industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides that end
up in aquatic environments can accumulate in fish that
are later eaten by humans. Fish are easily poisoned with
metals that are also later consumed by humans. Mercury
is particularly poisonous to small children and women.
Mercury has been found to interfere with the
development of the nervous system in foetuses and
young children.
 Swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes
skin rashes and health problems like cancer, reproductive
problems, typhoid fever and stomach sickness in
humans. Which is why it’s very important to make sure
that your water is clean and safe to drink.

Solutions for water pollution
 Support organic farmers by purchasing organic food and other products, since these farms are
against using pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.
 Properly dispose toxic products such as; paint, oil and other hazardous materials.
 Maintain vehicles to prevent oil leaks.
 Keep all boats and water crafts well maintained.
 Don't deposit any waste or litter in any water system.
 Recycle and dispose household waste properly.

Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of noises caused by human activity that disrupt
the standard of living in the affected area. There are different qualities of sounds. The
sounds which are not pleasant to hear are called ‘Noises’. So an excess of noise in the
outdoors leads to “Noise Pollution”.

Causes of noise pollution Effects of noise pollution
 Too many vehicles honking at the roads
 Heavy machinery being operated in the
open
 The sound coming from Trains
 Over populated crowds
 The sound coming from planes
 The sound coming from industry
 Construction or demolition
 Stress-related illnesses
 High blood pressure
 Speech interference
 Hearing loss
 Noise pollution has more of a psychological
effect rather than a physical one.
 Noise pollution is known to cause mental
stress and depression.
 Underwater noise pollution coming from ships
has been shown to upset whales’ navigation
systems and kill other species that depend on
the natural underwater world.

Solutions for noise pollution
 Construction of soundproof rooms for noisy machines in industrial and manufacturing installations must
be encouraged. This is also important for residential building noisy machines should be installed far from
sleeping and living rooms, like in a basement or garage.
 noise and nuisance Use of horns with jarring sounds, motorbikes with damaged exhaust pipes, noisy trucks
to be banned.
 noise and nuisance Noise producing industries, airports, bus and transport terminals and railway stations to
sighted far from where living places.
 noise and nuisance Community law enforcers should check the misuse of loudspeakers, worshipers,
outdoor parties and discos, as well as public announcements systems.
 noise and nuisance Community laws must silence zones near schools / colleges, hospitals etc.
 noise and nuisance Vegetation (trees) along roads and in residential areas is a good way to reduce noise
pollution as they absorb sound.

Causes of Soil Pollution Effects of Soil Pollution
 Industrial Activity
 Agricultural Activities
 Waste Disposal
Every human produces a certain
amount of personal waste products
by way or urine and feces.
 Accidental Oil Spills
 Acid Rain
 Effect on Health of Humans
 Effect on Growth of Plants
 Decreased Soil Fertility
 Changes in Soil Structure
 Toxic Dust

Solutions for soil pollution
 People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering. Discuss
with friends and family and talk about it.
 left aligned image facts on water pollution Reuse any items that you can. Items like
clothing, bottles, wrapping paper and shopping bags can be used over and over again,
rather than buying new things.
 The greatest prevention to land pollution is in the three ‘R's’ … Reduce Waste, Re-use
things and Recycle things. This is true even for governments. They can also use the three
‘R’ rule to minimize the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. After the three 'R's,
remember to turn the rest of the garbage into compost.
 facts on water pollution Personal litter should be disposed properly. We can separate
household waste at home for recycling. More than half of our household waste could be
recycled or re-used but once it is mixed up, it becomes more difficult to separate different
components for recycling. This is also true for waste we make at school or hospitals.

 facts on water pollution Buy biodegradable products.
 facts on water pollution Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof
containers.
 facts on water pollution Eat organic foods that are grown without
pesticides. Look out for fertilizer or pesticide free products when you go to
the market.
 facts on water pollution Don’t use pesticides if you can.
 facts on water pollution Use a drip tray to collect engine oil.
 facts on water pollution Buy products that have little packaging.
 facts on water pollution Don’t dump motor oil on the ground.

Pollution

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