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Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) 1 PRANJAL SAINI (LECTURER) B.E.,M.TECH.,MBA
Paradigm Shift in Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ALGORITHMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding the Algorithm ,[object Object]
The most common block symbols are:
Problem for Flowchart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A flowchart representation of the algorithm for the above problem can be as follows:
History of Object-Oriented Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Object-Oriented Programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Object Oriented Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structured Programming Concept(Modular Prog.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cont…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Procedural Programming  (Procedure oriented)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Top down approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advantages of the Top-Down    Design Method •  It is easier to comprehend the solution of a smaller and less    complicated problem than to grasp the solution of a large and    complex problem. •  It is easier to test segments of solutions, rather than the    entire solution at once. This method allows one to test the    solution of each sub-problem separately until the entire solution has been tested. •  It is often possible to simplify the logical steps of each sub-   problem, so that when taken as a whole, the entire solution    has less complex logic and hence easier to develop. •  A simplified solution takes less time to develop and will be   more readable. •  The program will be easier to maintain.
Bottom up approach  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concept of Class and Object ,[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of a Class in C++ class   name  { declarations constructor definition(s) method definitions } attributes and symbolic constants how to create and initialize objects how to manipulate the state of objects These parts of a class can actually be in any order
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Members of class ,[object Object]
Features of OOP  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Polymorphism  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Polymorphism World India China USA Rajasthan New delhi Washington New york
Inheritance  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Base class Flower Rose Rajasthan Jaipur World India Derived class Single level  Multi level  Multiple Base class Derived class Bird Parrot Sparrow
Class A { }; Class B:public A { }; Class C:public B { }; Class D: public C { };     Multi level Class A { }; Class B { }; Class C:public A, Public B { };   Multiple Class base { Data members and Functions; }; Class derived:public base { Data members and functions; }; Single Level
Hierarchical Inheritance A B C D E F I H G J
I Half(Hierarchical) II Half (Multiple ) Hybrid Hybrid = Hierarchical + Multiple Class D Class A Class B Class  C Hybrid = Multi level+ Multiple Class D Class B Class C Class A Class C Class B Class D Class B Class C Class A
Ex. of Inheritance RTU Engg. college ECE Deptt. EE Deptt. CS Deptt. Civil Deptt. Parent class Child class Sub classes of child class
PPP INHERITANCE  (CLASS MEMBERS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Encapsulation Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds the data & function in one form known as  class. The data & function may be private or public.
Objects binds together in form of a Class… Animal Dog Cat Fish Mutt Poodle Gold Beta
[object Object],[object Object]
Why Reading Language C++ ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using C++ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C++ Character set ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ASCII Values
C++ Data types S. No DATA TYPE Size (in bytes) RANGE 1 Short int 2 -32768 to +32767 2 Unsigned short int 2 0 to 65535 3 long int 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647 4 Float 4 3.4e-38 to 3.4e+38 5 Char 1 -128 to 127 6 Unsigned char 1 0 to 255 7 Unsigned long int 4 0 to 4294967295 8 Double 8 1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308 9 Long double 10 1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308
C++ Tokens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C++ Constants Non Numeric constants  Numeric  Constants Real Constants Integer Constants String Constants Character Constants Decimal, Octal, Hex
C++ Operators  S. No OPERATORS SYMBOLS 1. Arithmetic +,-,/,*,% 2. Logical &&,||,! 3. Relational <,>,>=,<=,==,!= 4. Assignment = 5. Increment ++ 6. Decrement -- 7. Comma , 8. Conditional (Ternary) ?: 9. Bitwise &,|,^,!,>>,<< 10. Special Operator Sizeof 11. Extraction >> 12. Insertion << 13. Dynamic Memory Allocator New 14. Dynamic memory De-allocator Delete
Some streams in <iostream.h> ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C  vs  C++  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Program  Hello ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stream Input/Output Keyboard Console Unit INDIA INDIA Stream Input Stream Output
Program  Average ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Call by Reference  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Return by reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],i j Temporary storage 8 8 8
Matrix Multiplication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
cin>>row1; cout<<&quot;enter column for first matrix&quot;; cin>>col1; cout<<&quot;enter elements of first matrix&quot;; for(i=0;i<row1;i++) { for(j=0;j<col1;j++) { cin>>mat1[i][j]; } } cout<<&quot;enter the row of second matrix&quot;; cin>>row2; cout<<&quot;enter column for second matrix&quot;; cin>>col2; cout<<&quot;enter elements of second matrix&quot;;
for(i=0;i<row2;i++) { for(j=0;j<col2;j++) { cin>>mat2[i][j]; } } if(col1==row2) { cout<<&quot;multiplication of matrices is&quot;; for(i=0;i<row1;i++) { for(j=0;j<col1;j++) {
multi[i][j]=0; for(k=0;k<col1;k++) { multi[i][j]+=mat1[i][k]*mat2[k][j]; } cout<<multi[i][j]; }   cout<<endl; } } else cout<<&quot;multiplication is not compatible&quot;; getch(); }
Inline Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overloading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ HAVE A NICE DAY”

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Oops ppt

  • 1. Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) 1 PRANJAL SAINI (LECTURER) B.E.,M.TECH.,MBA
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. The most common block symbols are:
  • 6.
  • 7. A flowchart representation of the algorithm for the above problem can be as follows:
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Advantages of the Top-Down Design Method • It is easier to comprehend the solution of a smaller and less complicated problem than to grasp the solution of a large and complex problem. • It is easier to test segments of solutions, rather than the entire solution at once. This method allows one to test the solution of each sub-problem separately until the entire solution has been tested. • It is often possible to simplify the logical steps of each sub- problem, so that when taken as a whole, the entire solution has less complex logic and hence easier to develop. • A simplified solution takes less time to develop and will be more readable. • The program will be easier to maintain.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Structure of a Class in C++ class name { declarations constructor definition(s) method definitions } attributes and symbolic constants how to create and initialize objects how to manipulate the state of objects These parts of a class can actually be in any order
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Polymorphism World India China USA Rajasthan New delhi Washington New york
  • 24.
  • 25. Base class Flower Rose Rajasthan Jaipur World India Derived class Single level Multi level Multiple Base class Derived class Bird Parrot Sparrow
  • 26. Class A { }; Class B:public A { }; Class C:public B { }; Class D: public C { }; Multi level Class A { }; Class B { }; Class C:public A, Public B { }; Multiple Class base { Data members and Functions; }; Class derived:public base { Data members and functions; }; Single Level
  • 27. Hierarchical Inheritance A B C D E F I H G J
  • 28. I Half(Hierarchical) II Half (Multiple ) Hybrid Hybrid = Hierarchical + Multiple Class D Class A Class B Class C Hybrid = Multi level+ Multiple Class D Class B Class C Class A Class C Class B Class D Class B Class C Class A
  • 29. Ex. of Inheritance RTU Engg. college ECE Deptt. EE Deptt. CS Deptt. Civil Deptt. Parent class Child class Sub classes of child class
  • 30.
  • 31. Encapsulation Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds the data & function in one form known as class. The data & function may be private or public.
  • 32. Objects binds together in form of a Class… Animal Dog Cat Fish Mutt Poodle Gold Beta
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. C++ Data types S. No DATA TYPE Size (in bytes) RANGE 1 Short int 2 -32768 to +32767 2 Unsigned short int 2 0 to 65535 3 long int 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647 4 Float 4 3.4e-38 to 3.4e+38 5 Char 1 -128 to 127 6 Unsigned char 1 0 to 255 7 Unsigned long int 4 0 to 4294967295 8 Double 8 1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308 9 Long double 10 1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308
  • 38.
  • 39. C++ Constants Non Numeric constants Numeric Constants Real Constants Integer Constants String Constants Character Constants Decimal, Octal, Hex
  • 40. C++ Operators S. No OPERATORS SYMBOLS 1. Arithmetic +,-,/,*,% 2. Logical &&,||,! 3. Relational <,>,>=,<=,==,!= 4. Assignment = 5. Increment ++ 6. Decrement -- 7. Comma , 8. Conditional (Ternary) ?: 9. Bitwise &,|,^,!,>>,<< 10. Special Operator Sizeof 11. Extraction >> 12. Insertion << 13. Dynamic Memory Allocator New 14. Dynamic memory De-allocator Delete
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. Stream Input/Output Keyboard Console Unit INDIA INDIA Stream Input Stream Output
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. cin>>row1; cout<<&quot;enter column for first matrix&quot;; cin>>col1; cout<<&quot;enter elements of first matrix&quot;; for(i=0;i<row1;i++) { for(j=0;j<col1;j++) { cin>>mat1[i][j]; } } cout<<&quot;enter the row of second matrix&quot;; cin>>row2; cout<<&quot;enter column for second matrix&quot;; cin>>col2; cout<<&quot;enter elements of second matrix&quot;;
  • 51. for(i=0;i<row2;i++) { for(j=0;j<col2;j++) { cin>>mat2[i][j]; } } if(col1==row2) { cout<<&quot;multiplication of matrices is&quot;; for(i=0;i<row1;i++) { for(j=0;j<col1;j++) {
  • 52. multi[i][j]=0; for(k=0;k<col1;k++) { multi[i][j]+=mat1[i][k]*mat2[k][j]; } cout<<multi[i][j]; } cout<<endl; } } else cout<<&quot;multiplication is not compatible&quot;; getch(); }
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55. “ HAVE A NICE DAY”
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