The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages. The Conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
Toll tax management system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
Toll Tax Management System is a web based application that can provide all the information related to toll plazas and the passenger checks in and pays the amount, then he/she will be provided by a receipt. With this receipt he/she can leave the toll booth without waiting for any verification call.
The information would also cover registration of staff, toll plaza collection, toll plaza collection entry for vehicles, date wise report entry, Vehicle passes and passes reports b/w dates.
A PROJECT REPORT ON Online Bus Reservation SystemJoe Osborn
This document is a project report for an Online Bus Reservation System submitted by Aman Kushwaha to the Computer Science department at AKS University, Satna. It includes certificates of completion, an evaluation sheet, a declaration, and sections on an overview of the project which describe modules for managing routes, trip details, bus details, bus stops, and bus ticketing. It also includes an introduction to system analysis and study for the project.
1. The document describes a smart library system project that uses smart cards for university campus libraries to automate processes like book issuing and returning.
2. It provides details of the software requirements and testing done for the library management system module created during an internship. This includes unit testing of modules like admin and student login.
3. The system aims to reduce queues, overhead time and make the library management more efficient using smart card technology while saving costs. It will benefit both students and library staff.
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This document discusses a transport management system that aims to automate transport operations such as booking orders, delivery reports, receipts, and accounting statements. The system has three main modules: 1) An admin module for user access and firm creation. 2) A master module containing transport, customer, product, and tax information. 3) A transaction module that records daily trips, payments, bills and orders to optimize routing and dispatching. The goals of the system are to make transport maintenance easier with less paperwork and manual work while keeping accurate records in a secure way.
The document provides an overview of a manufacturing system that schedules production operations based on daily sales updates from dealers. It describes the existing manual system and need for an automated system. The proposed system would use a database to store product and supplier information. It would allow dealers to enter sales and orders online and generate production schedules and orders for suppliers. The system would incorporate intelligent order processing to check for discrepancies. The document discusses analyzing the current system and determining technical, economic, and operational feasibility of the proposed automated system before development. It outlines hardware, software, and technology requirements including Java, JSP, HTML, and databases.
This document is a project report on a Passport Automation System submitted by K. Sheryl Hladini to fulfill requirements for a Master's degree in Computer Applications. It discusses problems with the existing manual passport system and proposes developing a new automated system to streamline the passport application process. The report outlines various sections of the new system including problem definition, feasibility study, software requirements, UML diagrams, testing plans, and conclusions. The feasibility study evaluates the technical, operational, and economic feasibility of the new automated passport system.
The project “Passport Automation System” is used in the effective dispatch of passport to all of the applicants. This system adopts a comprehensive approach to minimize the manual work and schedule resources, time in a cogent manner. The core of the system is to get the online registration form (with details such as name, address etc.,) filled by the applicant whose testament is verified for its genuineness by the Passport Automation System with respect to the already existing information in the database.
It aims at improving the efficiency in the Issue of Passport and reduces the complexities involved in it to the maximum possible extent.
1) The document describes an automatic courier management system that was developed to handle a large volume of parcels efficiently.
2) Key features of the system include allowing customers to register and track parcels online, calculating delivery costs automatically, and finding optimal delivery routes to reduce costs.
3) The system was designed using technologies like Angular, Spring Boot, Hibernate, and MySQL. It allows different user types like customers and employees to perform tasks like registration, tracking, and management of parcel delivery.
Toll tax management system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
Toll Tax Management System is a web based application that can provide all the information related to toll plazas and the passenger checks in and pays the amount, then he/she will be provided by a receipt. With this receipt he/she can leave the toll booth without waiting for any verification call.
The information would also cover registration of staff, toll plaza collection, toll plaza collection entry for vehicles, date wise report entry, Vehicle passes and passes reports b/w dates.
A PROJECT REPORT ON Online Bus Reservation SystemJoe Osborn
This document is a project report for an Online Bus Reservation System submitted by Aman Kushwaha to the Computer Science department at AKS University, Satna. It includes certificates of completion, an evaluation sheet, a declaration, and sections on an overview of the project which describe modules for managing routes, trip details, bus details, bus stops, and bus ticketing. It also includes an introduction to system analysis and study for the project.
1. The document describes a smart library system project that uses smart cards for university campus libraries to automate processes like book issuing and returning.
2. It provides details of the software requirements and testing done for the library management system module created during an internship. This includes unit testing of modules like admin and student login.
3. The system aims to reduce queues, overhead time and make the library management more efficient using smart card technology while saving costs. It will benefit both students and library staff.
IRJET- Transport Management System: Review of Management System and Suppl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a transport management system that aims to automate transport operations such as booking orders, delivery reports, receipts, and accounting statements. The system has three main modules: 1) An admin module for user access and firm creation. 2) A master module containing transport, customer, product, and tax information. 3) A transaction module that records daily trips, payments, bills and orders to optimize routing and dispatching. The goals of the system are to make transport maintenance easier with less paperwork and manual work while keeping accurate records in a secure way.
The document provides an overview of a manufacturing system that schedules production operations based on daily sales updates from dealers. It describes the existing manual system and need for an automated system. The proposed system would use a database to store product and supplier information. It would allow dealers to enter sales and orders online and generate production schedules and orders for suppliers. The system would incorporate intelligent order processing to check for discrepancies. The document discusses analyzing the current system and determining technical, economic, and operational feasibility of the proposed automated system before development. It outlines hardware, software, and technology requirements including Java, JSP, HTML, and databases.
This document is a project report on a Passport Automation System submitted by K. Sheryl Hladini to fulfill requirements for a Master's degree in Computer Applications. It discusses problems with the existing manual passport system and proposes developing a new automated system to streamline the passport application process. The report outlines various sections of the new system including problem definition, feasibility study, software requirements, UML diagrams, testing plans, and conclusions. The feasibility study evaluates the technical, operational, and economic feasibility of the new automated passport system.
The project “Passport Automation System” is used in the effective dispatch of passport to all of the applicants. This system adopts a comprehensive approach to minimize the manual work and schedule resources, time in a cogent manner. The core of the system is to get the online registration form (with details such as name, address etc.,) filled by the applicant whose testament is verified for its genuineness by the Passport Automation System with respect to the already existing information in the database.
It aims at improving the efficiency in the Issue of Passport and reduces the complexities involved in it to the maximum possible extent.
1) The document describes an automatic courier management system that was developed to handle a large volume of parcels efficiently.
2) Key features of the system include allowing customers to register and track parcels online, calculating delivery costs automatically, and finding optimal delivery routes to reduce costs.
3) The system was designed using technologies like Angular, Spring Boot, Hibernate, and MySQL. It allows different user types like customers and employees to perform tasks like registration, tracking, and management of parcel delivery.
This software project is aimed at automation of online ticket booking. Objective of the project is to develop customize software package for ticket booking.
When we do this task manually then it become very hard to manage the ticket booking .So are developing this system to manage booking of ticket automatically. In this Bus Ticket Booking project we develop the system that can help the user to book their ticket online. In this project we take care of every services related to travelling and online ticket booking .When you start your traveling tour you have to book ticket so we help you in booking your traveling ticket
Online taxi booking system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “PREPAID TAXI MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SYSTEM” aims is to book the taxis at all the fare charges. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the prepaid taxi management system like generating monthly daily bookings, record of routes available , fare charges of every route; store record of the customer.
We used Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 as front end and MS-Access 2000 as back end for developing our project. Visual Basic is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a VB application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding visual basic application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
Microsoft Access 2000 is a powerful relational database application with which a desktop user can efficiently create and manipulate database systems. Access targets the desktop category and works best for individuals and workgroup
Managing megabytes of data for multi-user access to the same database, Access uses file-server architecture, rather than client-server architecture.
Access is included in the professional and developer editions of Microsoft office.
The overall project report is divided into some parts. These parts are further divided into their subparts. In the parts we have described the purpose, scope of the project, objective of the project i.e. approach which used for developing this software. It includes the topics like the problems with the existing system and the functionality of the organization. Introduction to tools, design, coding, testing and debugging of the system are discussed in very detail. We have also provided the names of the books from which we have taken guidance to complete the work. Last section contains the matter about the overall work performed and the efforts taken to complete the project.
This document summarizes a smart traffic monitoring system project. The system uses CCTV camera feeds to analyze traffic and collect statistical data. It can detect objects like vehicles and their speeds. The data is stored in a cloud-based database. The system sends real-time alerts upon detecting certain objects or conditions. It also allows triggering actions. The project aims to provide traffic insights and analytics to help with planning and decision making. It uses open source technologies like operating systems, databases, and programming languages to build the backend and frontend. The system is tested to meet objectives like real-time alerting and generating data-driven reports.
Online car parking reservation system 9160262550 dineshDinesh Nalluri
This document presents a mini project on an online car parking reservation system. It includes a certificate signed by the project guide and head of department certifying the work. It also includes a declaration by the student that this is their original work. The introduction provides an overview of the existing problems with parking and how the proposed system aims to make the reservation process easier for users. It outlines the scope and objectives of the project to develop a web application for users to search for and book parking slots online before arriving at a location.
The document describes a transport management system called Transport Plus. It has four main sections:
1. It introduces the system and describes its four types of users: administrator, approver, transport, and guest.
2. It outlines the system analysis process and modules including employee information, transport categories/routes, and requests.
3. It covers the system design including user functions, application design diagrams, use case diagram, and key tables to store employee, vehicle, route, and request data.
4. It identifies the advantages of the proposed system such as easy reporting and historical data management over the existing manual process.
IRJET- Electronic Ticketing for PMPML BusesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a proposed electronic ticketing system for buses managed by PMPML in India. The system would use QR codes, location tracking, and seat booking to more efficiently manage bus routes and schedules. It aims to reduce losses due to improper resource allocation and irregularities. The system architecture involves an administration module to oversee operations through a server, users booking tickets via mobile apps, and ticket conductors scanning QR codes for cashless payments. Developers used Java, Eclipse, and MySQL to create a prototype of the electronic ticketing system.
The document describes a bus management system project for Assosa University. It includes:
- An introduction describing the background, objectives, methodology and benefits of the new system.
- An analysis of the existing manual system and its problems.
- The conceptual and logical database design of the new system using ER diagrams and normalization.
- Implementation details including creating tables, inserting sample data, and updating records.
Bus Information Live Monitoring System software is a globally deployable, integrated, workflow based end-to-end system starting from searching bus routes to gathering entering details of the BUS. This is a complete application for Students as well as Transportation Staff. Vendors provide the information like, available routes, timings, etc. Students will have facility to view all the BUS details under college transportation. There is also scope to measure the user satisfaction regarding the BUS selection.
Daewoo reservation and transport system databaseEfrah Shakir
This document outlines a proposed reservation and transport system for Daewoo. It begins with an abstract describing the project goals. Then it introduces the existing manual system and proposed computerized system. The document specifies problems with the current system like errors and disputes. It provides hardware and software requirements. It describes database normalization into first, second and third normal forms to reduce data redundancy and improve integrity. Tables are normalized and relationships between tables like passenger, ticket and manager are defined. Finally, it discusses the database design in SQL Server and entity relationship diagram in Visio. The proposed system aims to automate operations, reduce errors and provide efficient reservation and record keeping.
A Mobile Application for Bus E Ticketing Systemijtsrd
The document describes a proposed mobile application for an electronic bus ticketing system. The proposed system would allow passengers to purchase tickets using a smartphone app and store tickets digitally. It would also allow ticket checkers to validate tickets digitally by searching the ticket number in a database. The system aims to address issues with the current manual ticketing system, such as time wasted purchasing paper tickets and the risk of losing tickets. It also outlines the design of the proposed system, including its system architecture, data flow diagram, and class diagram. The technical specifications, advantages, and limitations of the system are also discussed.
The document describes a proposed online voting system that aims to simplify and improve the voting process in the country. It would allow voters to register and cast their votes online, reducing costs and inefficiencies. The system would maintain profiles for voters, candidates, and the election commission to enable better interaction and exchange of information. It supports both online and offline voting to be inclusive. The key objectives are to increase voter turnout by making the process simpler and more accessible.
This document is a project report submitted by Amit Ajit Patil to the University of Mumbai for their B.Sc. in Information Technology degree. The report details the development of an online tours and travels system for Prafulla Tours and Travels in Andheri, Mumbai. The current manual system used by Prafulla Tours has several limitations including a lack of online booking and coordination between branches. The proposed online system will address these limitations by allowing online booking, integrating all business processes, and providing quick access to information for administrators and customers. The report covers planning, design, and development phases including feasibility analysis, requirements gathering, system design diagrams, database structure, and test plans.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
IRJET- Smart IoT based Bridge Monitoring and Damage Detection using Android AppIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart IoT-based bridge monitoring and damage detection system using an Android app. A 3-level distributed structure is used, including a central server, intelligent acquisition nodes located across the bridge, and local controllers. Acquisition nodes sample displacement, acceleration, and strain of the bridge using sensors and an A/D converter. They analyze and compress sensor data before sending results to local controllers via WiFi. Local controllers then transmit data to the central server using 4G wireless networks. This architecture aims to reduce server and bandwidth loads compared to traditional wired systems. The system uses Arduino, Bluetooth, sensors and an Android app to monitor vibration, traffic, weight, and other parameters, alerting managers if thresholds are exceeded
This document summarizes a student project on developing a Prepaid Taxi Management System. The project was submitted by 5 students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. The project aims to partially computerize the processes of a prepaid taxi management system, like generating bookings and recording customer and route information, to make the processes less laborious than the existing manual system. The project uses Visual Basic 6.0 for the front end and MS Access 2000 for the back end. It provides an overview of the existing manual system and outlines the scope, objectives and feasibility study of the proposed computerized system.
Online dating system management project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The objective of our project is to develop an application that offers online dating services where individuals or users can find and contact each other over the internet to arrange a date usually with the objective of developing a romantic, personal and sexual relationship.
Users of an online dating service would currently provide personal information, to enable them to search the service provider's database for other individuals. Members use grade other members set, such as age range, gender and location.
This document provides an overview of an airline reservation management system. It discusses how the system aims to make the reservation process more efficient by automating tasks that were previously done manually. This would allow large amounts of reservation data to be stored and accessed easily in one centralized system. The document outlines the goals of the system, describes some issues with the current manual process, and analyzes the feasibility and benefits of developing a new computerized reservation management system.
Development of an interactive car sale system which lets a customer to find a car and its details is the main objective
of this project.Both the user and the administrators can access enter the details of every car. Administrators are
responsible of maintaining the details of vehicles like the Manufacturer information, Year, Model, Price, and
Kilometers traveled. The system’s main functions include: i. Signing in and log in functionality, ii. Customers can
look up various cars listing with details included, iiiUser may select and add products to shopping cart…iv. Loan
Application, v. Warranty option form, vi. Sale application, vii. Insurance form and application & viii Applicant
credit application.
The system provides a search algorithm which enables the user to find a car with all details displayed matching the
car model. Users can also view the information of vehicles purchased and their particulars. Menu’s and toolbars are
part of the excellent user inter face implemented in the project.
In our day today life, the main problem is parking of vehicles mainly the car parking at a particular destination. Also this problem leads to traffic
congestion. This paper proposes the basic concept of using Wi-Fi based smart car parking services in modern cities as an important application of the
Internet of Things (IOT).This system will be launched through Smartphone provided and it can be used to monitor or find the empty slots in that area.
This system helps to improve the maximum utilization of parking area and reduces the user‟s waiting time.
Implementation of Public Transport Sytem with Journey PlannerIRJET Journal
This document describes the implementation of a public transport system with journey planner capabilities. It discusses the existing system's limitations in providing real-time arrival and departure information. The proposed system aims to overcome these limitations by providing accurate estimated time of arrival data, suggested journey routes, and fare details to help passengers plan their trips. It details the system architecture, modules, and implementation process which involves designing interfaces, testing components, and documenting the system. The public transport system is intended to help passengers commute more efficiently with less waiting time.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
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This software project is aimed at automation of online ticket booking. Objective of the project is to develop customize software package for ticket booking.
When we do this task manually then it become very hard to manage the ticket booking .So are developing this system to manage booking of ticket automatically. In this Bus Ticket Booking project we develop the system that can help the user to book their ticket online. In this project we take care of every services related to travelling and online ticket booking .When you start your traveling tour you have to book ticket so we help you in booking your traveling ticket
Online taxi booking system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “PREPAID TAXI MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SYSTEM” aims is to book the taxis at all the fare charges. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the prepaid taxi management system like generating monthly daily bookings, record of routes available , fare charges of every route; store record of the customer.
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Microsoft Access 2000 is a powerful relational database application with which a desktop user can efficiently create and manipulate database systems. Access targets the desktop category and works best for individuals and workgroup
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The overall project report is divided into some parts. These parts are further divided into their subparts. In the parts we have described the purpose, scope of the project, objective of the project i.e. approach which used for developing this software. It includes the topics like the problems with the existing system and the functionality of the organization. Introduction to tools, design, coding, testing and debugging of the system are discussed in very detail. We have also provided the names of the books from which we have taken guidance to complete the work. Last section contains the matter about the overall work performed and the efforts taken to complete the project.
This document summarizes a smart traffic monitoring system project. The system uses CCTV camera feeds to analyze traffic and collect statistical data. It can detect objects like vehicles and their speeds. The data is stored in a cloud-based database. The system sends real-time alerts upon detecting certain objects or conditions. It also allows triggering actions. The project aims to provide traffic insights and analytics to help with planning and decision making. It uses open source technologies like operating systems, databases, and programming languages to build the backend and frontend. The system is tested to meet objectives like real-time alerting and generating data-driven reports.
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This document presents a mini project on an online car parking reservation system. It includes a certificate signed by the project guide and head of department certifying the work. It also includes a declaration by the student that this is their original work. The introduction provides an overview of the existing problems with parking and how the proposed system aims to make the reservation process easier for users. It outlines the scope and objectives of the project to develop a web application for users to search for and book parking slots online before arriving at a location.
The document describes a transport management system called Transport Plus. It has four main sections:
1. It introduces the system and describes its four types of users: administrator, approver, transport, and guest.
2. It outlines the system analysis process and modules including employee information, transport categories/routes, and requests.
3. It covers the system design including user functions, application design diagrams, use case diagram, and key tables to store employee, vehicle, route, and request data.
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- An analysis of the existing manual system and its problems.
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- Implementation details including creating tables, inserting sample data, and updating records.
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This document outlines a proposed reservation and transport system for Daewoo. It begins with an abstract describing the project goals. Then it introduces the existing manual system and proposed computerized system. The document specifies problems with the current system like errors and disputes. It provides hardware and software requirements. It describes database normalization into first, second and third normal forms to reduce data redundancy and improve integrity. Tables are normalized and relationships between tables like passenger, ticket and manager are defined. Finally, it discusses the database design in SQL Server and entity relationship diagram in Visio. The proposed system aims to automate operations, reduce errors and provide efficient reservation and record keeping.
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Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
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travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
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The objective of our project is to develop an application that offers online dating services where individuals or users can find and contact each other over the internet to arrange a date usually with the objective of developing a romantic, personal and sexual relationship.
Users of an online dating service would currently provide personal information, to enable them to search the service provider's database for other individuals. Members use grade other members set, such as age range, gender and location.
This document provides an overview of an airline reservation management system. It discusses how the system aims to make the reservation process more efficient by automating tasks that were previously done manually. This would allow large amounts of reservation data to be stored and accessed easily in one centralized system. The document outlines the goals of the system, describes some issues with the current manual process, and analyzes the feasibility and benefits of developing a new computerized reservation management system.
Development of an interactive car sale system which lets a customer to find a car and its details is the main objective
of this project.Both the user and the administrators can access enter the details of every car. Administrators are
responsible of maintaining the details of vehicles like the Manufacturer information, Year, Model, Price, and
Kilometers traveled. The system’s main functions include: i. Signing in and log in functionality, ii. Customers can
look up various cars listing with details included, iiiUser may select and add products to shopping cart…iv. Loan
Application, v. Warranty option form, vi. Sale application, vii. Insurance form and application & viii Applicant
credit application.
The system provides a search algorithm which enables the user to find a car with all details displayed matching the
car model. Users can also view the information of vehicles purchased and their particulars. Menu’s and toolbars are
part of the excellent user inter face implemented in the project.
In our day today life, the main problem is parking of vehicles mainly the car parking at a particular destination. Also this problem leads to traffic
congestion. This paper proposes the basic concept of using Wi-Fi based smart car parking services in modern cities as an important application of the
Internet of Things (IOT).This system will be launched through Smartphone provided and it can be used to monitor or find the empty slots in that area.
This system helps to improve the maximum utilization of parking area and reduces the user‟s waiting time.
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International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Retail store management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Development of large software system is extremely complex activity full of various opportunities to introduction errors. Software Engineering is the discipline that attempts to provide method to handle this complexity, enabling us to produce reliable system software with maximum productivity. It was felt that it is important and very instructive, not only to learn the principles of software engineering but also apply them to a software development project so that all aspects of development and be clearly seen on project. Software engineering is activity starts from requirements analysis and ends with testing and implementation. This project is designed to manage a Retail Store System. In This project VB 6.0 is use as front-end and Oracle use as backend.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Youtube video download using python project report.pdfKamal Acharya
In order to form a clear sketch of this project, here's a brief introduction of the features and scope of YouTube Video Downloader. This project consists of three modules which are inter-linked to each other. Each of the above modules has certain specific task to perform. Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object- oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit. Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.Pytube library makes the video downloading very easy. Create the object of the YouTube module by passing the link as the parameter. Then, get the appropriate extension and resolution of the video. You can set the name of the file as your convenience, in another case original name will be kept. After that, download the file using the download function which has one parameter which is the location where to download the file. Python, this task is very easy. Few lines of code will download the video from YouTube for you.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Library management system project report II..pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of Library Management Pro system is to provide a medium for the public libraries to computerize their entire functioning and would contribute as a first step in digitalizing their libraries!
As till now in India, public libraries (medium and small scale) had their entire records on paper which again required maintenance and the problem of finding relevant information proved to be a herculean task. Even if the required information was found it was usually at cost of much valuable time.
Library Management Pro would not only simplify this process but also speedup the entire functioning of the library. It will also contribute towards increasing the efficiency of the library as a whole, right from the data entry to maintaining the historical records.
One major purpose is to provide user or the library members the opportunity to not only search through the books but to reserve books that are issued by other users and also request newer books.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Web chatting application project report management system.pdfKamal Acharya
One year ago we was reading an article about Teleconferencing / chatting, which as we said it is a method of using technology to bring people and ideas “together” despite of the geographic barriers. From that time and on we started wondering if we can participate in that technology and how?
The idea of creating a chat server was initiated and it has two dimensions, one to have an experience in network programming and the other is to let people conduct meetings with others in different locations. Such that it crosses time zones, can reach many people, and reduce the paper flood.
Decentralized Justice in Gaming and EsportsFederico Ast
Discover how Kleros is transforming the landscape of dispute resolution in the gaming and eSports industry through the power of decentralized justice.
This presentation, delivered by Federico Ast, CEO of Kleros, explores the innovative application of blockchain technology, crowdsourcing, and incentivized mechanisms to create fair and efficient arbitration processes.
Key Highlights:
- Introduction to Decentralized Justice: Learn about the foundational principles of Kleros and how it combines blockchain with crowdsourcing to develop a novel justice system.
- Challenges in Traditional Arbitration: Understand the limitations of conventional arbitration methods, such as high costs and long resolution times, particularly for small claims in the gaming sector.
- How Kleros Works: A step-by-step guide on the functioning of Kleros, from the initiation of a smart contract to the final decision by a jury of peers.
- Case Studies in eSports: Explore real-world scenarios where Kleros has been applied to resolve disputes in eSports, including issues like cheating, governance, player behavior, and contractual disagreements.
- Practical Implementation: Detailed walkthroughs of how disputes are handled in eSports tournaments, emphasizing speed, cost-efficiency, and fairness.
- Enhanced Transparency: The role of blockchain in providing an immutable and transparent record of proceedings, ensuring trust in the resolution process.
- Future Prospects: The potential expansion of decentralized justice mechanisms across various sectors within the gaming industry.
For more information, visit kleros.io or follow Federico Ast and Kleros on social media:
• Twitter: @federicoast
• Twitter: @kleros_io
Measuring and Understanding the Route Origin Validation (ROV) in RPKIAPNIC
Shane Hermoso, APNIC's Training Delivery Manager (Southeast Asia and East Asia), presented on 'Measuring and Understanding the Route Origin Validation (ROV) in RPKI' during VNNIC Internet Conference 2024 held in Hanoi, Viet Nam from 4 to 7 July 2024.
Top UI/UX Design Trends for 2024: What Business Owners Need to KnowOnepixll
Discover the top UI/UX design trends for 2024 that every business owner needs to know. This infographic covers five key trends: Dark Mode Dominance, Neumorphism and Soft UI, Voice User Interface (VUI) Integration, Personalization and AI-Driven Design, and Accessibility-First Design. By staying ahead of these trends, you can create engaging, user-friendly digital products that cater to evolving user needs and preferences. Enhance your digital presence and ensure your designs are modern, accessible, and effective.
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ONLINE BUS RESERVATION SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.docx.docx
1. E-Ticketing 1
ABSTRACT
Electronic Ticket Machine
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The
ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It
would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and
the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to
carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine
is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate
inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The
KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the
Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing
tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in
providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from
fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules
more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to
various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the
computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add
some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
2. E-Ticketing 2
1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Electronic Bus Ticketing
The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by
conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages. The Conductor
would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the
ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like
that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print
out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's
checking inspectors. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would
also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of
passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize
its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on
concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine
could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized
so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
This project is modularized as the following:
Management of Route
Trip Details
Bus Details
Bus Stops
Bus Ticketing
3. E-Ticketing 3
1. Management of Routes
This module include information about how we can Manage the routes for a
particular bus services so In the case of Route management module we must know the details about
route number, number of stops ,fare stages and running time of the particular bus more over we want
to manipulate and stored these information successfully.
2. Trip information
Each journey is identified as a trip. Each ticket must contain the trip no so that
calculation of passenger can be done easily. Here in this section we want to know start time and route
no of the bus this information can be manipulate and stored successfully.
3. Bus Detail
In this module all bus details are stored and manipulated, in bus detail module
contains minimum charge, type, depot, fare increment, bus number, and passenger’s states (child or
adult) are manipulate and stored.
4. Bus Stops
Bus Stops module includes information about what are the main bus stops of a particular
bus. This module connected to the route of the bus and it is used to store stop number, stop name and
fare stages and Route number
5. Bus Ticketing
Ticketing is the most important module in this Project which uses all the tables together and
calculates fare for the passengers. Venting the tickets is done using the route number, bus type,
4. E-Ticketing 4
beginning stop, end stop, ticket number, persons(Adult/child)rate, date and time also we want to
print the all these information. In order to do the calculation data has to be pulled out from stops,
bus, trip and route. Number of passengers & the states are entered by the Venter and to produce the
tickets.
5. E-Ticketing 5
2. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts,
diagnosing problems and the information to recommend improvements on the system. It
is a problem solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system
users and system developers. System analysis or study is an important phase of any
system development process. The system is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed.
The system analyst plays the role of the interrogator and dwells deep into the working of
the present system. The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are
identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various
processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem,
identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various
factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program of
action.
A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like interviews,
questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a
conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions. This
system is called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close study
and problem areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and
tries to sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as
proposals. The proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the
best one is selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the
6. E-Ticketing 6
user. The proposal is reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This is
loop that ends as soon as the user is satisfied with proposal.
Preliminary study is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, using the
information for further studies on the system. Preliminary study is problem solving
activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and system
developers. It does various feasibility studies. In these studies a rough figure of the
system activities can be obtained, from which the decision about the strategies to be
followed for effective system study and analysis can be taken.
Here in the project E-Ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along
with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried
and the next steps were followed.
2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY
An important outcome of the preliminary investigation is the determination that
the system requested is feasible. Feasibility study is carried out to select the best system
that meets the performance requirements.
Feasibility study is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the
project at the earliest possible time. It involves preliminary investigation of the project
and examines whether the designed system will be useful to the organization. Months or
years of effort, thousand for millions of money and untold professional embarrassment
7. E-Ticketing 7
can be averted if an in-conceived system is recognized early in the definition phase.
The different types of feasibility are: Technical feasibility, Operational
feasibility, Economical feasibility.
2.2.1 Technical feasibility
Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well as software requirements.
Technology is not a constraint to type system development. We have to find out whether
the necessary technology, the proposed equipments have the capacity to hold the data,
which is used in the project, should be checked to carryout this technical feasibility.
The technical feasibility issues usually raised during the feasibility stage of
investigation includes these
This software is running in windows 2000 Operating System, which can be easily
installed.
The hardware required is Pentium based server.
The system can be expanded.
2.2.2 Behavioral Feasibility
This feasibility test asks if the system will work when it is developed and
installed.
Operational feasibility in this project:
8. E-Ticketing 8
The proposed system offers greater level of user-friendliness.
The proposed system produces best results and gives high performance. It can be
implemented easily .So this project is operationally feasible.
2.2.3 Economical feasibility
Economical Feasibility deals about the economical impact faced by the
organization to implement a new system. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the
costs. The cost of conducting a full system, including software and hardware cost for the
class of application being considered should be evaluated. Economic Feasibility in this
project:
The cost to conduct a full system investigation is possible.
There is no additional manpower requirement.
There is no additional cost involved in maintaining the proposed system.
9. E-Ticketing 9
2.3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
2.3.1 Hardware Specification
Processor : Intel Pentium IV 2.4 GHZ or above
Clock speed : 500 MHZ
System bus : 32 bits
RAM : 256MB of RAM
HDD : 40 GB or higher
Monitor : SVGA COLOR
Keyboard : 108 keys
Mouse : 2 button mouse
2.3.2 Software Specification
OS : MS WINDOWS XP SP2
Front End : Visual Basic 6.0
Back End : MS ACCESS 2003
10. E-Ticketing 10
2.4 EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. The existing system
requires more computational time, more manual calculations, and the complexity involved in Selection
of features is high. The other disadvantages are lack of security of data, Deficiency of Data accuracy,
Time consuming etc. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system
needs to be computerized. Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is
carried along with all the steps in system analysis.
2.4.1 Draw backs of existing system.
Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all
the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried and the next steps were
followed.
Lack of security of data.
More man power.
Time consuming.
Consumes large volume of pare work.
Needs manual calculations.
No direct role for the higher officials.
Damage of machines due to lack of attention.
To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be
computerized.
11. E-Ticketing 11
2.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The
proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper
security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more
difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some
extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The
proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time
lagging.
2.5.1 Advantages of Proposed System
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very
low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following
features
Ensure data accuracy.
Minimize manual data entry.
Minimum time needed for the various processing
Greater efficiency
Better Service
Minimum time required
The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice
12. E-Ticketing 12
It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with
regard to boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points
This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on
the basis of traffic demand.
It would provide data on concessions given to various sections.
Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the
computer.
13. E-Ticketing 13
3. SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 INTRODUCTION
System Design is the most creative and challenging phase in the system life
cycle. Design is the first step into the development phase for any engineered product
or system. Design is a creative process. A good design is the key to effective system.
System design is a solution how to approach the creation of a new system. System
design transforms a logic representation of what is required to do into the physical
specification. The specification is converted into physical reality during development.
3.2 LOGICAL DESIGN
The logical flow of a system and define the boundaries of a system. It includes the
following steps:
Reviews the current physical system – its data flows, file content, volumes,
frequencies etc.
Prepares output specifications – that is, determines the format, content and Frequency of
reports.
Prepares input specifications – format, content and most of the input functions.
Prepares edit, security and control specifications.
Specifies the implementation plan.
Prepares a logical design walk through of the information flow, output, input, controls
and implementation plan.
Reviews benefits, costs, target dates and system constraints.
14. E-Ticketing 14
3.3 PHYSICAL DESIGN
Physical system produces the working systems by define the design specifications
that tell the programmers exactly what the candidate system must do. It includes the
following steps.
Design the physical system.
Specify input and output media.
Design the database and specify backup procedures.
Design physical information flow through the system and a physical design Walk
through.
Plan system implementation.
Prepare a conversion schedule and target date.
Determine training procedures, courses and timetable.
Devise a test and implementation plan and specify any new hardware/software.
Update benefits , costs , conversion date and system constraints
Design/Specification activities
Concept formulation.
Problem understanding.
High level requirements proposals.
Feasibility study.
Requirements engineering.
Architectural design.
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3.4 INPUT DESIGN
Input Design deals with what data should be given as input, how the data
should be arranged or code, the dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing
input, methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.
Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a
computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input
process and show the correct direction to the management for getting correct
information from the computerized system. It is achieved by creating user-friendly
screens for the data entry to handle large volume of data. The goal of designing input is
to make data entry easier and to be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed in
such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It also provides record
viewing facilities.
When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help
of screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the user will not
be in maize of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that
is easy to follow.
In this project, the input design consists of a log in screen, tab for compression/
decompression, source and destination browsing button, a menu list for selecting the
algorithm, Compress/Decompress option, compress/decompress button.
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3.5 OUTPUT DESIGN
A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the
information clearly. The objective of output design is to convey information about past
activities, current status or projections of the future, signal important events,
opportunities, problems, or warnings, trigger an action, confirm an action etc. Efficient,
intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationship with the user and
helps in decisions making. In output design the emphasis is on displaying the output on
a CRT screen in a predefined format. The primary consideration in design of output is
the information requirement and objectives of the end users. The major formation of the
output is to convey the information and so its layout and design need a careful
consideration.
There is an output display screen for showing the compressed/ decompressed file
or folder details (Original file size, Compressed/Decompressed file size, distinct
characters)
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3.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the major data items handled by a
system must be first identified and then the processing required on these data items to
produce the desired outputs should be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble
chart) is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of
input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output
generated by the system. It was introduced by De Macro (1978), Gane and Sarson
(1979).The primitive symbols used for constructing DFD’s are:
Symbols used in DFD
A circle represents a process.
A rectangle represents external entity
A square defines a source or destination of the system data.
An arrow identifies dataflow.
Double line with one end closed indicates data store
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Data Flow Diagram
Context Diagram
Level 1 DFD Administrator
Administrator Administrator
E- Ticketing
Passenger Details
details
Administrator E- Ticketing
Admin id,
password
Route management
Login
Admin
details
Bus details
View Bus Details
Login
Verify
Validate
Bus Ticketing
Trip information
Bus Stop
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3.7 DATABASE DESIGN
A database is an organized mechanism that has the capability of storing information
through which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective and efficient
manner. The data is the purpose of any database and must be protected.
The database design is a two level process. In the first step, user requirements are
gathered together and a database is designed which will meet these requirements as
clearly as possible. This step is called Information Level Design and it is taken
independent of any individual Database Management System (DBMS).
In the second step, this Information level design is transferred into a design for the
specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This step is called
Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the specific DBMS that
will be used. A database design runs parallel with the system design. The organization
of the data in the database is aimed to achieve the following two major objectives.
Data Integrity
Data independence
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3.9 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
3.9.1 Overview of Visual Basic and MS Access
The Control Properties
Before writing an event procedure for the control to response to a user's input, you have to set certain
properties for the control to determine its appearance and how it will work with the event procedure.
You can set the properties of the controls in the properties window or at runtime.
Handling some of the common controls
The Text Box
The text box is the standard control for accepting input from the user as well as to display the output. It
can handle string (text) and numeric data but not images or pictures. String in a text box can be
converted to a numeric data by using the function Val(text). The following example illustrates a simple
program that processes the input from the user.
Example
In this program, two text boxes are inserted into the form together with a few labels. The two text
boxes are used to accept inputs from the user and one of the labels will be used to display the sum of
two numbers that are entered into the two text boxes. Besides, a command button is also programmed
to calculate the sum of the two numbers using the plus operator. The program use creates a variable
sum to accept the summation of values from text box 1 and text box 2.The procedure to calculate and to
display the output on the label is shown below. The output is shown in Figure 3.2
Private Sub Command1_Click ()
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‘To add the values in text box 1 and text box 2
Sum = Val (Text1.Text) + Val (Text2.Text)
‘To display the answer on label 1
Label1.Caption = Sum
End Sub
Figure
The Label
The label is a very useful control for Visual Basic, as it is not only used to provide instructions and
guides to the users, it can also be used to display outputs. One of its most important properties is
Caption. Using the syntax label. Caption, it can display text and numeric data . You can change its
caption in the properties window and also at runtime. Please refer to Example 3.1 and Figure 3.1 for
the usage of label.
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The Command Button
The command button is one of the most important controls as it is used to execute commands. It
displays an illusion that the button is pressed when the user click on it. The most common event
associated with the command button is the Click event, and the syntax for the procedure is
Private Sub Command1_Click ()
Statements
End Sub
The Picture Box
The Picture Box is one of the controls that is used to handle graphics. You can load a picture at design
phase by clicking on the picture item in the properties window and select the picture from the selected
folder. You can also load the picture at runtime using the LoadPicture method. For example, the
statement will load the picture grape.gif into the picture box.
Picture1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:VB programImagesgrape.gif")
You will learn more about the picture box in future lessons. The image in the picture box is not
resizable.
The Image Box
The Image Box is another control that handles images and pictures. It functions almost identically to
the picture box. However, there is one major difference, the image in an Image Box is stretchable,
which means it can be resized. This feature is not available in the Picture Box. Similar to the Picture
Box, it can also use the LoadPicture method to load the picture. For example, the statement loads the
picture grape.gif into the image box.
Image1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:VB programImagesgrape.gif")
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The List Box
The function of the List Box is to present a list of items where the user can click and select the items
from the list. In order to add items to the list, we can use the AddItem method. For example, if you
wish to add a number of items to list box 1, you can key in the following statements
Example
Private Sub Form_Load ( )
List1.AddItem “Lesson1”
List1.AddItem “Lesson2”
List1.AddItem “Lesson3”
List1.AddItem “Lesson4”
End Sub
The items in the list box can be identified by the ListIndex property, the value of the ListIndex for the
first item is 0, the second item has a ListIndex 1, and the second item has a ListIndex 2 and so on
The Combo Box
The function of the Combo Box is also to present a list of items where the user can click and select the
items from the list. However, the user needs to click on the small arrowhead on the right of the combo
box to see the items which are presented in a drop-down list. In order to add items to the list, you can
also use the AddItem method. For example, if you wish to add a number of items to Combo box 1,
you can key in the following statements
Example
Private Sub Form_Load ( )
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Combo1.AddItem “Item1”
Combo1.AddItem “Item2”
Combo1.AddItem “Item3”
Combo1.AddItem “Item4”
End Sub
The Check Box
The Check Box control lets the user selects or unselects an option. When the Check Box is checked, its
value is set to 1 and when it is unchecked, the value is set to 0. You can include the statements
Check1.Value=1 to mark the Check Box and Check1.Value=0 to unmark the Check Box, as well as
use them to initiate certain actions. For example, the program will change the background color of the
form to red when the check box is unchecked and it will change to blue when the check box is
checked. You will learn about the conditional statement If….Then….Elesif in later lesson. VbRed and
vbBlue are color constants and BackColor is the background color property of the form.
The Option Box
The Option Box control also lets the user selects one of the choices. However, two or more Option
Boxes must work together because as one of the Option Boxes is selected, the other Option Boxes will
be unselected. In fact, only one Option Box can be selected at one time. When an option box is
selected, its value is set to “True” and when it is unselected; its value is set to “False”. In the following
example, the shape control is placed in the form together with six Option Boxes. When the user clicks
on different option boxes, different shapes will appear. The values of the shape control are 0, 1, and
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2,3,4,5 which will make it appear as a rectangle, a square, an oval shape, a rounded rectangle and a
rounded square respectively.
Example
Private Sub Option1_Click ( )
Shape1.Shape = 0
End Sub
Private Sub Option2_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 1
End Sub
Private Sub Option3_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 2
End Sub
Private Sub Option4_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 3
End Sub
Private Sub Option5_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 4
End Sub
Private Sub Option6_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 5
End Sub
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The Drive List Box
The Drive ListBox is for displaying a list of drives available in your computer. When you place this
control into the form and run the program, you will be able to select different drives from your
computer as shown in Figure 3.3
The Directory List Box
The Directory List Box is for displaying the list of directories or folders in a selected drive. When you
place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able to select different directories
from a selected drive in your computer as shown in Figure 3.4
The File List Box
The File List Box is for displaying the list of files in a selected directory or folder. When you place this
control into the form and run the program, you will be able to shown the list of files in a selected
directory as shown in Figure 3.5
You can coordinate the Drive List Box, the Directory List Box and the File List Box to search for the
files you want. The procedure will be discussed in later lessons.
MS ACCESS 2003
Microsoft Access is a powerful program to create and manage your databases. It has many built in
features to assist you in constructing and viewing your information. Access is much more involved and
is a more genuine database application than other programs such as Microsoft Works.
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The keywords involved in the process are: Database File, Table, Record, Field, Data-type. Here is the
Hierarchy that Microsoft Access uses in breaking down a database.
Database File: This is your main file that encompasses the entire database and that is saved to your
hard-drive or floppy disk.
Example: StudentDatabase.mdb
Table:A table is a collection of data about a specific topic. There can be multiple tables in a database.
Field: Fields are the different categories within a Table. Tables usually contain multiple fields.
Datatypes:Datatypes are the properties of each field. A field only has 1 datatype.
FieldName) Student LastName
Datatype) Text
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Starting Microsoft Access
Two Ways
1. Double click on the Microsoft Access icon on the desktop.
2. Click on Start --> Programs --> Microsoft Access
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Creating New, and Opening Existing Databases
The above picture gives you the option to:
Create a New Database from scratch
Use the wizard to create a New Database
Open an existing database
o The white box gives you the most recent databases you have used. If you do not see the
one you had created, choose the More Files option and hit OK. Otherwise choose the
database you had previously used and click OK.
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3. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATIONS
4.1 CODING
Progress bar
Dim i As Integer
Dim x As Integer
Option Explicit
Private Sub Form_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
Load MDIForm1
MDIForm1.Show
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
'lblVersion.Caption = "Version " & App.Major & "." & App.Minor & "." & App.Revision
File1.FileName = App.Path
x = File1.ListCount
End Sub
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Private Sub Frame1_Click()
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
If (Image1.Left <= 6600) Then
Image1.Left = Image1.Left + 50
Else
Image1.Left = 0
End If
If (i <= x) Then
Label1.Caption = File1.List(i)
i = i + 1
Else
Load MDIForm1
MDIForm1.Show
Unload Me
End If
End Sub
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Login
Private Sub cmdCancel_Click()
MDIForm1.Show
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub cmdLogin_Click()
Set rs = con.Execute("select * from login where username='" + cmbUsername.Text + "' and
password='" + txtPassword.Text + "'")
If (Not rs.EOF) Then
MsgBox "Login Success"
MDIForm1.route.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.detail.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.stops.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.ticket.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.trip.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.logout.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.newuser.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.cpassword.Enabled = True
MDIForm1.login.Enabled = False
Unload Me
Else
MsgBox "Login Failure! Try Again"
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cmbUsername.ListIndex = 0
txtPassword.Text = ""
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
connectdb
Set rs = con.Execute("select * from login")
While (Not rs.EOF)
cmbUsername.AddItem rs(0)
rs.MoveNext
Wend
rs.Close
End Sub
Main Form
Private Sub cpassword_Click()
Load frmChangePassword
frmChangePassword.Show
End Sub
Private Sub detail_Click()
Form2.Show
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End Sub
Private Sub exit_Click()
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub login_Click()
Load Form6
Form6.Show
End Sub
Private Sub logout_Click()
MDIForm1.route.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.detail.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.stops.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.ticket.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.trip.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.logout.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.newuser.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.cpassword.Enabled = False
MDIForm1.login.Enabled = True
End Sub
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Private Sub MDIForm_Load()
route.Enabled = False
detail.Enabled = False
stops.Enabled = False
ticket.Enabled = False
trip.Enabled = False
logout.Enabled = False
newuser.Enabled = False
cpassword.Enabled = False
Load Form6
Form6.Show
End Sub
Private Sub route_Click()
Form1.Show
End Sub
Private Sub stops_Click()
Form3.Show
End Sub
Private Sub ticket_Click()
Form4.Show
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End Sub
Private Sub trip_Click()
Form5.Show
End Sub
Route management
Dim str As String
Private Sub Command1_Click()
End Sub
Private Sub cmdexit_Click()
MsgBox ("Do you want to Exit")
Me.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Cmdnew_Click()
MsgBox ("Do You want to clear")
Txtrnumber = " "
Txtstops = " "
Txtfare = " "
Txtrun = " "
Txtstime = ""
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Txtetime = " "
Txtbstop = " "
Txtestop = " "
End Sub
Private Sub cmdsave_Click()
If Txtrnumber = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the routenumber.", vbInformation
Txtrnumber.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtstops.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Stop .", vbInformation
Txtstops.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtfare.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the fare .", vbInformation
Txtfare.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
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If Txtbstop.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the biginning stop .", vbInformation
Txtbstop.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtestop.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Ending stop .", vbInformation
Txtestop.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtstime.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Starting time .", vbInformation
Txtstime.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtetime.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the ending time .", vbInformation
Txtetime.SetFocus
Exit Sub
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End If
''connectdb
''str = "select * from routemanagement"
''rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
''rs.Open str, con
''rs.AddNew
''rs.Fields(0) = Val(Txtrnumber.Text)
''rs.Fields(1) = Val(Txtstops.Text)
''rs.Fields(2) = Val(Txtfare.Text)
''rs.Fields(3) = Val(Txtbstop.Text)
''rs.Fields(4) = Val(Txtestop.Text)
''rs.Fields(5) = Val(Txtstime.Text)
''rs.Fields(6) = Val(Txtetime.Text)
''rs.Update
''rs.Close
''MsgBox ("Do you want to save")
con.Execute ("insert into routemanagement values(" + Txtrnumber.Text + "," + Txtstops.Text + "," +
Txtfare.Text + ", '" + Txtbstop.Text + "','" + Txtestop.Text + "'," + Txtstime.Text + "," + Txtetime.Text
+ ")")
MsgBox ("successfully saved")
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Call connectdb
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End Sub
Private Sub txtrnumber_Change()
If KeyAscii = 13 Then
txtnumber.Text = UCase(txtnumber.Text)
txtnumber.SetFocus
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
con.Close
End Sub
Bus Stop
Private Sub cmdexit_Click(Index As Integer)
MsgBox ("Do You want to Exit")
Me.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Cmdnew_Click()
Txtrnumber = " "
Txtsnumber = " "
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txtsname = " "
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()
If (Optyes.Value = True) Then
x = "Yes"
Else
x = "No"
End If
If Txtrouteno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the routenumber.", vbInformation
Txtrouteno.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtstopno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Stop .", vbInformation
Txtstopno.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtstopname.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter Stop Name .", vbInformation
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Txtstopname.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
con.Execute ("insert into busstop values(" + Txtrouteno.Text + "," + Txtstopno.Text + ",'" +
Txtstopname.Text + "', '" + x + "' )")
MsgBox ("successfully saved")
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click()
MsgBox ("Do you want to Clear")
Txtrouteno = " "
Txtstopno = " "
Txtstopname = " "
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click()
Me.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
connectdb
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
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con.Close
End Sub
Private Sub Optno_Click()
Optno.Enabled = True
Optyes.Visible = False
End Sub
Private Sub Optyes_Click()
Optyes.Enabled = True
Optno.Visible = False
End Sub
Bus Details
Private Sub cmdexit_Click()
MsgBox ("Do you want to Exit")
Me.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Cmdnew_Click()
MsgBox ("Do You want to Clear")
Txtbno = " "
Txtfare = " "
Txtdepot = " "
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Txtadultfare = " "
Txtchildfare = " "
Txtmincharge = " "
End Sub
Private Sub cmdsave_Click()
If Cmdbustype = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select bustype.", vbInformation
Cmdbustype.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtbno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select bus Number.", vbInformation
Txtbno.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtfare.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select bus Fare.", vbInformation
Txtfare.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
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If Txtdepot.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select bus Depot.", vbInformation
Txtdepot.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtadultfare.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select Adult fare.", vbInformation
Txtadultfare.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtchildfare.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select Child fare.", vbInformation
Txtchildfare.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtmincharge.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please select Mincharge.", vbInformation
Txtmincharge.SetFocus
Exit Sub
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End If
con.Execute ("insert into busdetails values('" + Cmdbustype.Text + "'," + Txtbno.Text + "," +
Txtmincharge.Text + ", '" + Txtdepot.Text + "'," + Txtfare.Text + "," + Txtchildfare.Text + "," +
Txtadultfare.Text + ")")
MsgBox ("successfully saved")
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Call connectdb
Cmdbustype.AddItem "Ordinary"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "Express"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "Super Fast"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "Fast"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "AC Volvo"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "SemiSleeper Volvo"
Cmdbustype.AddItem "AC SemiSleeper Volvo"
''Set rs = con.Execute("select * from busdetails")
''While (Not rs.EOF)
''Cmdbustype.AddItem rs(0)
''rs.MoveNext
''Wend
''rs.Close
End Sub
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Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
con.Close
End Sub
Trip
Private Sub cmdexit_Click()
MsgBox ("Do You want to Exit")
Me.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Cmdnew_Click()
MsgBox ("Do You want to Clear")
Txttno.Text = " "
Txtrno.Text = " "
Txtbno.Text = " "
Txtstime.Text = " "
Txtetime.Text = " "
End Sub
Private Sub cmdsave_Click()
If Txttno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Trip number.", vbInformation
Txttno.SetFocus
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Exit Sub
End If
If Txtrno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the Route Number .", vbInformation
Txtrno.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtbno.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the bus Number .", vbInformation
Txtbno.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtstime.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the start time .", vbInformation
Txtstime.SetFocus
Exit Sub
End If
If Txtetime.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please Enter the End Time .", vbInformation
Txtetime.SetFocus
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Exit Sub
End If
con.Execute ("insert into trip values(" + Txttno.Text + "," + Txtstime.Text + ", " + Txtetime.Text + ", "
+ Txtrno.Text + "," + Txtbno.Text + ")")
MsgBox ("successfully saved")
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
connectdb
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
con.Close
End Sub
4.2 TESTING
Testing is a process of executing a program with the interest of finding an error. A good
test is one that has high probability of finding the yet undiscovered error. Testing should
systematically uncover different classes of errors in a minimum amount of time with a
minimum amount of efforts. Two classes of inputs are provided to test the process
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1. A software configuration that includes a software requirement specification, a design
specification and source code.
2. A software configuration that includes a test plan and procedure, any testing tool and
test cases and their expected results.
Testing is divided into several distinct operations:
1. Unit Testing
Unit test comprises of a set tests performed by an individual program prior to the
integration of the unit into large system. A program unit is usually the smallest free
functioning part of the whole system. Module unit testing should be as exhaustive as
possible to ensure that each representation handled by each module has been tested. All
the units that makeup the system must be tested independently to ensure that they work
as required.
During unit testing some errors were raised and all of them were rectified and
handled well. The result was quiet satisfactory and it worked well.
2. Integration Testing
Integration testing is a system technique for constructing the program structure
while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing.
The objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program structure that has been
dictated by design. Bottom-up integration is the traditional strategy used to integrate the
components of a software system into functioning whole. Bottom-up integration consists
of unit test followed by testing of the entire system. A sub-system consists of several
modules that communicated with other defined interface.
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The system was done the integration testing. All the modules were tested for
their compatibility with other modules .They test was almost successful. All the
modules coexisted very well, with almost no bugs. All the modules were encapsulated
very well so as to not hamper the execution of other modules.
3. Validation Testing
After validation testing, software is completely assembled as a package,
interfacing errors that have been uncovered and corrected and the final series of
software test; the validation test begins. Steps taken during software design and testing
can greatly improve the probability of successful integration in the larger system.
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully
exercise the compute –based system.
4. Recovery Testing
It is a system that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies that
the recovery is properly performed.
5. Security Testing
It attempts to verify that protection mechanisms built into a system will in fact
protect it from improper penetration. The system’s security must of course be tested
from in vulnerability form frontal attack.
6. Stress Testing
Stress tools are designed to confront programs with abnormal situations. Stress
testing executes a system in a manner that demands resources in abnormal quantity and
volume.
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7. Black Box Testing
Black box testing is done to find out the following information as shown in
below:
1. Incorrect or missing functions.
2. Interface errors.
3. Errors or database access.
4. Performance error.
5. Termination error.
The mentioned testing is carried out successfully for this application according
to the user’s requirement specification.
8. Test Data Output
After preparing test data, the system under study is tested using the test data.
While testing the system using test data, errors are again uncovered and corrected by
using above testing and corrections are also noted for future use.
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6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
The project E-Ticketing is completed, satisfying the required design specifications. The system
provides a user-friendly interface. The software is developed with modular approach. All modules in
the system have been tested with valid data and invalid data and everything work successfully. Thus
the system has fulfilled all the objectives identified and is able to replace the existing system. The
constraints are met and overcome successfully. The system is designed as like it was decided in the
design phase. This software has a user-friendly screen that enables the user to use without any
inconvenience. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by
conductors. Instead, the conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the
ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to
carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine
is portable. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to
the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation
prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would
61. E-Ticketing 61
provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the
ticket machine could be fed into the computer.
The application has been tested with live data and has provided a successful result.
Hence the software has proved to work efficiently.
62. E-Ticketing 62
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acharya, Kamal. "Library Management System Minor Project Report On LIBRARY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM." Authorea Preprints (2023).
Acharya, Kamal. "STUDENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Authorea
Preprints (2023).
BOOKS:
1. Charles Hampfed (2000) ‘Visual Basic’ University of
Toronto
2. Herbert Schildt (2000) ‘Visual Basic 6.0’ Tata McGraw Hill
3. John Zukowski (2000) ‘Visual Basic 6.0’ ‘BPB Publications
4. Jamie Jaworsky ‘Visual Basic 6.0’Techmedia
5. Stefen Denninger ‘Visual Basic 6.0’Author’s Press
6. Ian Somerville ‘Software engineering’
7. Rajeev mall ‘Software engineering’
8. Elmasri Navathe ‘Fundamentals of database systems’
ONLINE REFERENCE:
www.w3schools.com
www.theserverside.com
www.visual.com