One Health and livestock: Capacity building and operationalization in the global south

One Health and Livestock: Capacity building
and operationalization in the global south
Hung Nguyen-Viet and Dieter Schillinger
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Contribution: Ekta Patel, Eric Fèvre, Bernard Bett, Theo Knight-Jones, Hu Suk Lee, Delia Grace
and Fred Unger
Tours, France, 2 September 2022

2
 The world's largest publicly
funded agricultural research
network
 Global presence across four
continents with 10,000 staff of
135 nationalities
 Local presence in over 100
countries
 3000+ partners
 50 years experience responding
to emerging development issues
 Transition to One CGIAR
50 years of CGIAR

3
Content
1. Importance of livestock sector for food and nutrition security
2. Livestock and health issues
3. One Health capacity building and operationalization in the global
south

4
% growth in demand for livestock products to 2030
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
4
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
Poultry Milk
Beef Pork
Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030.
Estimates were developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI.

5
Livestock density projection

Employment and direct
output value of wild
animal industry in
China, 2016
(US$ 73.4
billion)

8
Health opportunities and challenges in the livestock sector
linked to One Health
ILRI/Stevie Mann
• Nutrition, health and food security
• BUT animal-human/emerging diseases and
unsafe foods need to be addressed and
overconsumption is often associated with
obesity and non-communicable diseases
• Environmental health and biodiversity
• BUT pollution, land/water degradation
need to be reduced

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Lessons learnt: Informal markets, food safety, wild meat
Informal markets provide an essential source
of food and income for millions of people with
access to animal source foods that is often
safer than the food in supermarkets in LMICs
Nudge kits delivered
What is the incentive for changes?

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Foodborne disease: A new priority – much or most
probably from animal-source food
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
Other toxins
Aflatoxins
Helminths
Microbial
Havelaar et al., 2015
31 hazards
• 600 mio illnesses
• 420,000 deaths
• 33 million DALYs
zoonoses
non zoonoses
Burden LMIC Cost estimates for 2016 : > US$ 115 billion
Productivity loss 95
Illness treatment 15
Trade loss or cost 5 to 7
Domestic costs may be 20 times trade costs
Food safety
Millions DALYs lost per year (global)

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Lessons learnt: Antimicrobial resistance
Challenges in many parts of Africa
• High prevalence of infectious disease
(limited information in humans and
little to none in animals)
• Access to veterinary services and
diagnostic capacity
• Little knowledge among users and
distributors about the disease and
products
• Lack of alternatives – vaccines,
improved biosecurity and biosafety
measures
• Sub-standard or counterfeit antibiotics
available
• Easy access to antimicrobials

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Lessons learnt: Cysticercosis - Neglected tropical disease
Nuerocysticercosis causes
appoximately 30% of epilepsy in
humans in T. solium endemic regions
The disease is estimated to cause
around 5 million human cases and
50,000 human deaths each year
The first ever licensed vaccine became
available in India at the end of 2016 at
USD 1 for 2 doses to vaccinate a pig

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Lessons learnt: Rift Valley fever - Zoonosis
Infographics Jenner Institute
Risk and introduction of Rift Valley fever into the
European Union (EU) is significant given the increased
trade of animals and presence of vectors in EU

14
Vaccine for Rift Valley fever

16
New One Health Tripartite (WHO, FAO, OIE) plus UNEP definition released November 2021 by the One Health High Level Expert Panel
One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and
optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems.
One Health: new OHHLEP definition, 2021

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ILRI One Health strategy
A holistic approach to preventing pandemics/epidemics and other
microbial threats from animals and the environment
Vision
To improve the lives, livelihoods and well-being of people in the
global south by building healthy, sustainable and resilient systems at
the intersection of humans, animals and the environment.
Key thematic areas
• Epidemics and pandemics caused by (re)-emerging viruses
• Endemic zoonoses
• Foodborne diseases
• Antimicrobial resistance

www.cgiar.org
CGIAR research initiative on One Health
To protect human health by improving detection, prevention, and control of
zoonoses, foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance in LMICs

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Making a difference in Africa

Strengthen the national One Health platforms

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One Health field sites and labs
Vietnam One Health research partnership opens fourth
provincial field site, Thai Nguyen province, 3 August 2022

New lab in Oloitokitok, Kajiado
Launch of the lab 12 January 2022

Student activities Field works with communities
Capacity building, next generation of One Health practitioners

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Coordination: One Health platforms in Africa

• INDOHUN
• THOHUN
• VOHUN
• MYOHUN
EcoEID
Emerging Pandemic Threats Program
PREDICT • RESPOND • PREVENT • IDENTIFY
EHRCs
GHI
One Health and Ecohealth programs in Southeast Asia (not up to date)

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Preventing the next pandemic
Seven major anthropogenic
drivers of zoonotic disease
emergence
1. Increasing demand for
animal protein
2. Unsustainable agricultural
intensification
3. Increased use and
exploitation of wildlife
4. Unsustainable utilization
of natural resources
5. Travel and transportation
6. Changes in food supply
chains
7. Climate change
United Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute (2020). Preventing the Next
Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya.

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Livestock pathways to 2030: Seven ways to invest in One Health
www.ilri.org/news/livestock-pathways-2030-seven-ways-invest-one-health

Policy impact: translational research for interventions in
modernizing food system
• CGIAR/ILRI niche: Risk assessment and
policy/regulatory analysis for fresh foods
in domestic markets
• World Bank convened overall support to
government: ILRI-led technical work
• Government took up the World Bank
report to improve food safety in major
cities in Vietnam

One Health, institutional commitment, investment
Decision-makers
Public
health (MD,
army health)
Scientists
Vets
Savannakhet, Lao PDR on foodborne disease research 10. 2017

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Key messages
• Importance of livestock for food and nutrition security; livestock sector is fast
growing.
• Health challenges linked to animal and farmed wildlife.
• Capacity building and operationalization of One Health in the global south
need to be done at regional, national and local levels.
• One Health research and development agenda should cover a wide spectrum
from research, capacity development and stakeholder engagement across
animal, human and environment health sectors to prepare, detect and
respond.

One Health and livestock: Capacity building and operationalization in the global south

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