Multi thread

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Multi-threaded programming allows a program to split into multiple threads that can run concurrently. C.Rajeswari from Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts and Science in Theni wrote about multi-threaded programming. The document is signed off with thanks.

Multi thread Programming
By
C.Rajeswari
II-MSc (IT)
Nadar saraswathi college of arts and science,
Theni.

This document compares Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle databases. It discusses similarities and differences between the schemas, data types, and data manipulation languages of the two databases. Some of the key differences mentioned are that reserved words like DATE can be used as column names in SQL Server but not Oracle, and SQL Server's datetime precision of 1/300th of a second differs from Oracle's TIMESTAMP data type precision of 1/100,000,000th of a second. The document provides details on considerations for migrating table schemas, data types like datetime and text, and constraints from SQL Server to Oracle.

quality

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Software quality engineering (SQE) is the process of implementing quality checks throughout the entire software development lifecycle. Quality engineering aims to ensure high quality from the beginning by applying rigorous quality checks at each stage of product development through analysis, development, management and maintenance of quality assurance protocols. In software quality engineering, quality engineers design, implement and maintain policies and procedures to ensure quality processes and identify issues early through practices like functional testing, peer review, and static code analysis.

bigdata

rajshreemuthiah

Nadar Saraswati college of arts & sciences offers a M.Sc in information technology with a focus on advanced analytics and big data. This program provides opportunities for students to analyze data in real-time and gain insights across production, supply chain, and other areas to streamline processes, reduce costs, and increase competitiveness. Capgemini helps organizations improve business operations efficiency through insight-driven operations, smart asset management to lower costs and improve availability, and operational analytics solutions to respond faster to changing events with greater insights.

The document defines polymorphism in four scientific disciplines: biology, genetics, biochemistry, and computer science. In biology, polymorphism refers to members of the same population having different visual characteristics. In genetics, it reflects genetic variation between individuals. In biochemistry, it describes subtle structural differences in otherwise identical proteins. In computer science, polymorphism allows a routine to use variables of different types, presents the same interface for different data types, and allows objects to respond uniquely to the same message.

solutions and understanding text analytics

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Big data analytics involves collecting and analyzing large amounts of structured and unstructured data to discover useful patterns and business insights. It helps organizations determine relevant data to make better strategic decisions and remain competitive. Industries like travel, healthcare, ecommerce, retail, and manufacturing all generate huge amounts of data that can be analyzed through big data. Text analytics is the process of analyzing unstructured text data to extract meaningful information through techniques like lexical analysis and entity modeling to support fact-based decision making. It can analyze various file formats and languages from different data sources.

interface

rajshreemuthiah

This document discusses different types of user interfaces for computer technology. It describes graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which use windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices. GUIs are easy to learn and use and allow users to quickly switch between tasks. The document also mentions command interfaces, natural language interfaces, and the user interface design process. It provides characteristics and advantages of GUIs and principles of user interface design.

Testing &ampdebugging

rajshreemuthiah

This document discusses testing and debugging techniques. It defines unit testing as testing individual modules to check for issues. The main types of testing covered are functional testing, which tests features and scenarios, and performance testing, which measures how the system handles different workloads. Stress testing monitors the system under overload conditions. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing bugs so the software behaves as expected, and can involve backtracking through code or eliminating potential causes through testing.

concurrency control

rajshreemuthiah

This document provides an overview of concurrency control and two-phase locking protocol. It discusses lock-based concurrency control, two-phase locking protocol, deadlocks, and strategies for handling deadlocks such as deadlock prevention, avoidance, and detection and recovery. The key aspects covered are the lock compatibility matrix, differences between shared and exclusive locks, requirements for serializability under two-phase locking, and the four conditions required for a deadlock.

Education

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Formal verification

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Formal verification involves using mathematical techniques to prove that computer programs satisfy certain properties. There are three main techniques: input-output assertions use predicates associated with code points to show relations will hold; weakest preconditions work backwards from desired outputs to find necessary inputs; and structural induction proves properties by showing they hold for base cases and are preserved as the structure increases in size. The document provides examples and explanations of each technique.

Transaction management

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System testing

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software maintenance

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This document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Approximately 40-70% of software costs are for maintenance over the 5-10 year lifespan of a product. Maintenance includes correcting errors, enhancing capabilities, removing obsolete features, and optimizing performance. The goals of maintenance are to fix bugs, enhance functionality, update the software, and adapt it to environmental changes. The majority of maintenance work is perfective and adaptive in nature. The document outlines best practices for development and management to improve maintainability.

exception handling

rajshreemuthiah

This document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines errors and exceptions, and describes the exception handling mechanism which involves try, catch, and throw blocks. The try block contains code that might cause an exception. When an exception occurs, it is thrown using throw. The catch block catches any exceptions thrown in the try block and handles them. Exceptions can be of different types (synchronous or asynchronous) and caught using multiple catch blocks or a generic catch-all. Exceptions can also be re-thrown to outer try/catch blocks using throw without arguments.

e governance

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E-governance refers to the use of technology by the government to improve efficiency and services for citizens. It aims to make governance smart, moral, accountable, responsive and transparent. E-governance uses information and communication technologies like the internet and mobile networks to enhance the quality and range of information and services provided to citizens in a cost-effective manner. The major benefits of e-governance include being cost-effective, increasing speed, efficiency and convenience for citizens while reducing the use of hard copies. However, there are also challenges to implementing e-governance such as budget constraints, lack of IT literacy and electricity in rural areas, as well as lack of integration between government departments and languages.

recovery management

rajshreemuthiah

This document discusses recovery management and concurrency controls in databases. It defines recovery management as the process of restoring a database to its most recent consistent state after a failure. There are three states in recovery: pre-condition (consistent), condition (failure occurs), and post-condition (restore to pre-failure state). The types of failures are transaction, system, and media failures. Concurrency control manages simultaneous transactions to maintain consistency and prevent issues like lost updates, temporary updates, and incorrect summaries that can occur from concurrent execution.

Implementing polymorphism

rajshreemuthiah

The document discusses polymorphism and interfaces in object-oriented programming. It defines polymorphism as an object being able to take on multiple forms and provides the example of a parent class reference referring to a child class object. Interfaces are described as allowing polymorphism to be defined declaratively separate from implementation. The key points are that interfaces define methods but do not implement them, classes implementing interfaces must implement the interface methods, and interfaces can extend other interfaces similar to class inheritance.

Buffer managements

rajshreemuthiah

The document discusses the role and functions of database buffers and buffer managers. It states that a database buffer is a temporary storage area in memory used to hold copies of database blocks from disk. The buffer manager is responsible for bringing pages from disk into the buffer pool in memory as needed. It manages the buffer pool, which divides main memory into pages called frames to cache data and minimize disk access. The buffer manager controls data access between memory and disk to improve database performance.

os linux

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B.Kohila MSc(IT) presents on operating systems and Linux. She discusses her 13 years of experience using Linux distributions from single-floppy disk versions to current distributions like Ubuntu. She explains computer system architectures, what an operating system is, and provides a brief introduction to Linux, covering its origins in 1991 and growth to include many millions of lines of code. Finally, she discusses where Linux is headed, including enterprise servers, embedded devices, and improvements for end users.

Ipv4

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This document discusses IPv4 addressing and the key components of an IPv4 address. It explains that an IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely identifies a device connected to the internet. It also describes how an IPv4 address is comprised of four octets separated by periods, with each octet representing an 8-bit number between 0-255. The document further discusses binary and decimal conversion of IP addresses and how subnet masks are used to identify networks and allow communication between hosts on the same network. It concludes by summarizing the different addressing modes of unicast, broadcast and multicast.

Ejbandjsp 200119145750

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This document discusses Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) and Java Server Pages (JSP). It defines EJB as the server-side component architecture for Java Platform, Enterprise Edition. EJB allows for rapid development of distributed, transactional, secure and portable applications. JSP simplifies development of dynamic web sites by allowing HTML pages with embedded Java code. The document outlines the key elements of EJBs, how EJBs and JSPs are accessed, their architectures, life cycles and advantages/disadvantages.

Allocation and free space management

rajshreemuthiah

1. File allocation methods include contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. Contiguous allocation stores files in contiguous blocks but can lead to fragmentation. Linked allocation stores non-contiguous blocks through pointers but has overhead. Indexed allocation uses index blocks to point to data blocks. 2. File systems manage free space through data structures like bit vectors, linked lists, and space maps. Bit vectors require extra space but allow contiguous allocation. Linked lists have no wasted space but non-contiguous allocation. Space maps divide devices into metaslabs for efficient free space management. 3. Performance depends on allocation algorithms, metadata handling, buffer caching, and write policies. Techniques like read-ahead and free-behind optimize sequential access,

Javanetworkingbasicssocketsoverview

rajshreemuthiah

The document discusses the InetAddress and Socket classes in Java for working with TCP and UDP networking. It provides details on: - Constructors and methods for InetAddress to look up host addresses and names through DNS lookups. - Constructors and methods for Socket to create TCP sockets and streams for network communication between hosts. - Differences between TCP and UDP, with UDP using datagrams instead of streams and not requiring a connection between hosts. - Constructors and methods for DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket to send and receive datagrams over UDP.

Fuxnet [EN] .pdf

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Multi thread

1. Multi thread Programming By C.Rajeswari II-MSc (IT) Nadar saraswathi college of arts and science, Theni.

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Multi thread

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