Installingthenetwork 110505060419-phpapp02

Structured Cabling
• Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts
• Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring
• Transmits data that is built in structured form
• Need of structured cabling:
– Consistency – Standard cabling systems for Data, voice and
video
– Cost Reduction – Reduces the cost by reducing the number of
cables
– Troubleshooting – Isolates and fixes the problem
– Mobility – Network resources are portable
– Supports upgrading – Supports future applications

Design Considerations of Structured Cabling

Structured Cabling - II
• Design Considerations of structured cabling
– Entrance Facilities – Connects the building with the
outside world
– Equipment Room – Serves the users within the room
– Telecommunications Room – Accommodates the cabling
system equipment
– Backbone Cabling – Interconnects telecommunications
room, equipments room and entrance facilities

Structured Cabling - III
• Design Considerations of structured cabling
– Horizontal Cabling – Extends from the work area
telecommunications outlet to telecommunications closet
– Work Area – Components extend from the
telecommunications outlet to the stations equipment
– Cable Administration – Involves logical numbering scheme
that can be applied to all the cables, outlets, patch cables
and even control systems

Cable Distance – I
• Horizontal Cabling Distance
– horizontal cabling distance is 99 meters (TIA/EIA-568A)
– 6 meters of patch cable
– 90 meters horizontal (routed in the wall)
– 3 meters of station cable
– 99 meters total (rounded off to 100 meters)
• Backbone cable Distance
– Depends on type of cable being used and on its
location

Pulling Cables - I
• While dealing with structured cabling you have to pull
out the cables from some conduits and punch down the
free end of the cable
• Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used to
organize the cables
• Pull twine through the conduits

Pulling cables - II
Elements
required for
pulling cables

Scale and
Fish Tape Twine Conduits Patch Panel
Tape

Pulling Cable Tools

Fish Tape Twine Conduit

Scale &
Tape
Patch Panel

Cables
• Two or more wires bound together, in protective jacket
or sheath
• Different types of cables:
– Twisted pair cable
– Coaxial cable
– Optical fiber cable
– Shielded and Unshielded cable

Cable Connectors – I
• Part of cable which plugs into port or interface to
connect one device to another
• Connectors: Male and Female
– DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic and
computer equipment
– RJ45 Connectors – Used in networking to connect
computer to network card
– BNC Coaxial Connectors – Used with coaxial cables or used
with Ethernet system

Cable Connectors – II
– 210 Patch Plug – Uses internal pair isolation, pair-to-pair
compensation and layered contacts
– Token-Ring Data Connector – Used on end of a shielded
twisted pair cable
• Distinguishing Wires
– Color coding makes identification each wire or pair of
wires in the cable easier
– Tip and ring – Identifies plus wire and minus wire

Cabling Tools
• Used in networking to work with wires or devices or to
connect wires and devices to each other
• Different tools used are:
– Punchdown Tools
– RJ45 Crimping Tool
– Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool
– Pin Crimping Tool
– Cable stripper

Working with Cables
• Installation works in three stages:
– Running cable from central point to the room
– Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into jacks
– Wire cables from the central end to switchboard
• Color Coding
– Helps to classify different types of wires
– Patch cable and cross over cable can be differentiated on
the basis of colour coding

Working with Cables – II
• Tools and materials required for crimping cable:
– RJ45 Crimping Tool

– Wire stripper

– Wire cutter

– RJ-45 plugs

– Cat-5 UTP cables

Working with Cables – III
• Straight through Cable
– Same pin out connections at both ends
– Used to connect dissimilar devices

 Crossover Cable
 Modify pin out connections
at one end
 Used to connect similar types
of devices

Working with Cables – IV
• Weak Link
– Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which runs from
wall to desktop
• Information Outlet
– Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling that
cables receive
– Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly snake pit of
unused cables coiled on floor
• Station Cable
– Runs between information outlet
and network node e.g. PC

RJ45 Modular Outlet
• Device used to connect shielded or unshielded cables
• Acts as extension where wires are fixed on the either
side of modular connector

Grounding
• Two wires that come from the transformer are called the
hot wires usually RED in color and neutral wire in BLACK
• A large building requires more than one earth ground
and the earth ground between two buildings is different
in different situations
• Fiber optic cable is the best option to link buildings
• Power grounding problems are two types: open or high
resistance ground or an abnormal pulse or condition
between power conductors

Closet
• Main point in an organization where major networking cabling come
together
• Equipment in a wiring closet includes:
– Patch panels for vertical wiring
– Patch panels for horizontal wiring
– Wiring hubs
– Uninterruptible Power Supplies
• Types of wiring closets:
– Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF) – at least one IDF per floor for a
multi storey building
– Main Distribution Frame (MDF) – where the inside cable plant meets
the outside world’s connectivity. All IDFs throughout building are
connected to MDF in a star topology

Closet Details
• Typical equipment in a wiring closet are:
– Backbone wiring cross-connect device
– Horizontal wiring cross-connect device
– Patch cables
– Wiring hubs
– Backup power for wiring hubs
– Router and modems
– Access server
– Fire Sprinkler System
The layout for the equipments in a wiring closet are put on
the wall or in an equipment rack

Cross-Connect Devices - I
• Make easy to configure horizontal and backbone wiring
• Terminates cable or group of cables
• Adaptability is easy when the organization grows year
after year
• In data networks – Small cross-connect device will
terminate backbone cable and make it available for
connection to wiring hub
• In wiring hub – Larger cross-connect device will
terminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub

Cross-Connect Devices - II

66M Punch Down Patch Panel
Block

Cabinets and Racks
• Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall in
brackets, stand in racks or reside in full cabinets that
are racks with doors
• If small installation – Mount patch panels and wiring
hubs on wall

Cabinets and Racks - II

Full
Distribution Equipment Rack
Rack Cabinet

Cables
• Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to tie the
cables
• Ties come in many sizes and materials

Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
• Equip network file servers
with backup power
• Allow wiring hubs to go
without power during power
failure
• VA system is more accurate
than wattage rating
• As a quick rule of thumb
choose your UPS with VA
rating at least two times the
wattage rating consumption

Conduits
• Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between wiring closets
• If space left:
– Used to pull a new cable
– Used as replacement for a bad one
– For added capacity
– New conduit should have a piece of string used to pull the cable in
future
• Fish tape
– An equipment which is part of any installers toolbox
– Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push its way through the
conduit
– When pulling through conduit ensure the power is turned off for
those wires

Cable Trays
• Provide large cable system
• Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the cables
• Common in modern wiring closets and in building
infrastructure spaces such as basements, airshafts, and
ceiling
• Point to note when cables run inside ceilings and walls

Configuring Backbone Cable
• Backbone wiring is also known as vertical wiring
• TIA/EIA standard suggests that the backbone system should be a star
configuration
• Wiring closet that contain patch and cross-connect panels which
connect to horizontal wiring
• Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to cross-connect point or
(MDF)
• Locating the closet
– Different parameters to keep in mind when going for closet
• Backbone Cable
– Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable for the
backbone

Installation of Racks
• Explains how to place networking equipments and
accumulate different small equipment on the plate of
the rack
• Factors to be considered while installing the rack:
– Location to install the rack
– Installation holes marking
– Installation of the rack nuts
– Mount the different rails onto the rack
– Mount the different devices onto the rack
One U equals 1.75 inches

Managing Cables
• Cables:
– Should not run over desk
– Should not be entangled
• To manage cables:
– Free space on the desk where the cables will run
– Holes at top of desk
– Mount to protect cables

Wire Manager
• Used to mange wires that are common to one place
• Tools used to manage wires:
– Cable ties
– Conduits
– Twines
– Cable manager
– Labels
– Spiral wraps
– Unitags

Labeling Cables
• Used to identify path of the cables
• Distinct color and pattern of code of cable label helps
identify cables
• Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil
• Cables labeled using Label templates
• Administrator has to label the outlet at the work area
and fix the patch panel with the same number when
making network connection

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