The document discusses the impacts of large dams on the environment and climate, using the Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand, India as a case study. It summarizes that the Tehri Dam provides benefits like hydroelectric power, flood control, irrigation, and tourism, but also resulted in mass displacement of people, deforestation, and impacts on biodiversity. Mitigation efforts were undertaken for afforestation, erosion control, and protecting displaced communities and the environment.
Dams can have significant ecological impacts:
1) They obstruct fish migration and disrupt populations.
2) Water quality is reduced as still water gathers pollution and alters temperatures affecting oxygen and chemical reactions.
3) Sediment builds up behind dams, raising water levels and putting pressure on dam walls which could eventually burst, flooding towns.
Impact of Building Dam on River Ecosystem and Its Preventive Measures╚»Śăńğĩť Βăńĩķ«╝
The document discusses the environmental impacts of dam construction on river ecosystems. It states that dams can result in physical, chemical, and biological changes to ecosystems upstream, in the reservoir, and downstream. Specific impacts mentioned include blocking fish migration, changes in sediment flow, flooding of natural habitats, and species changes from altered flooding patterns. The document also provides a case study on the impacts of the Farakka Barrage on the Ganges River in Bangladesh, such as reduced sediment and water flows. It notes some proposed solutions like building additional reservoirs and canals. The conclusion discusses how dams have both benefits and detriments and calls for further studying impacts and improving engineering to reduce negative effects.
This document discusses dams, their structure, types, functions, and environmental impacts. Dams are barriers constructed across waterways to impound water for uses like irrigation, flood control, and hydropower. They come in various materials and styles, including embankment, gravity, and arch dams. While dams provide benefits, they also harm ecosystems by blocking animal migration, altering downstream flows, and trapping sediments. When built, dams can displace people and damage cultural sites. Dam failures can occur due to earthquakes, flooding, erosion, or design flaws, sometimes with severe consequences. Overall, the document outlines the key aspects of dams and some of their tradeoffs environmentally and socially.
This document discusses dams and their environmental and social impacts. It begins by defining dams and explaining their purposes, which include irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and navigation. It then describes the main types of dams and discusses their environmental performance, noting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from habitat loss and changes to natural flow regimes. Socially, dams can displace large populations and disrupt livelihoods when people are resettled or downstream access to resources is reduced. Planning for dams often undercounts affected people and resettlement efforts are frequently inadequate.
This document discusses river basin management and flooding. It provides reasons for managing river basins, including for irrigation, water supply, navigation, tourism, hydroelectricity, and flood prevention. It then focuses on flooding, discussing both physical and human causes. It also discusses strategies for flood management, including hard engineering approaches like dams and levees, as well as softer approaches like land use regulation, warning systems, and insurance. Specific examples from the Tees Valley, Bangladesh, and Vaiont Dam disaster in Italy are also summarized.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Multipurpose ProjectsEbad Ur Rahman
Multipurpose projects have several advantages: they can reduce flooding, impound water for irrigation, human consumption, and power generation while also improving transportation. However, they also have disadvantages, including the inundation of land and forests, displacement of people, and disruption of infrastructure and aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, multipurpose projects face challenges of attracting private investment given their complexity, and require strong regulatory frameworks and coordination between different users and sectors to balance competing demands.
The document discusses landslide disaster resilience town planning with a focus on landslides. It begins with an introduction and overview of landslides, their causes and impacts. It then provides background on landslide risk in India, particularly in the Himalayan region. The document presents a case study of Uttarakhand state, analyzing vulnerability profiles, population at risk, and highly landslide-prone areas. It recommends direct and indirect remedial measures for landslides and emphasizes a systematic planning and management approach involving preparation, response, and post-disaster stages.
Dams can have significant ecological impacts:
1) They obstruct fish migration and disrupt populations.
2) Water quality is reduced as still water gathers pollution and alters temperatures affecting oxygen and chemical reactions.
3) Sediment builds up behind dams, raising water levels and putting pressure on dam walls which could eventually burst, flooding towns.
Impact of Building Dam on River Ecosystem and Its Preventive Measures╚»Śăńğĩť Βăńĩķ«╝
The document discusses the environmental impacts of dam construction on river ecosystems. It states that dams can result in physical, chemical, and biological changes to ecosystems upstream, in the reservoir, and downstream. Specific impacts mentioned include blocking fish migration, changes in sediment flow, flooding of natural habitats, and species changes from altered flooding patterns. The document also provides a case study on the impacts of the Farakka Barrage on the Ganges River in Bangladesh, such as reduced sediment and water flows. It notes some proposed solutions like building additional reservoirs and canals. The conclusion discusses how dams have both benefits and detriments and calls for further studying impacts and improving engineering to reduce negative effects.
This document discusses dams, their structure, types, functions, and environmental impacts. Dams are barriers constructed across waterways to impound water for uses like irrigation, flood control, and hydropower. They come in various materials and styles, including embankment, gravity, and arch dams. While dams provide benefits, they also harm ecosystems by blocking animal migration, altering downstream flows, and trapping sediments. When built, dams can displace people and damage cultural sites. Dam failures can occur due to earthquakes, flooding, erosion, or design flaws, sometimes with severe consequences. Overall, the document outlines the key aspects of dams and some of their tradeoffs environmentally and socially.
This document discusses dams and their environmental and social impacts. It begins by defining dams and explaining their purposes, which include irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and navigation. It then describes the main types of dams and discusses their environmental performance, noting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from habitat loss and changes to natural flow regimes. Socially, dams can displace large populations and disrupt livelihoods when people are resettled or downstream access to resources is reduced. Planning for dams often undercounts affected people and resettlement efforts are frequently inadequate.
This document discusses river basin management and flooding. It provides reasons for managing river basins, including for irrigation, water supply, navigation, tourism, hydroelectricity, and flood prevention. It then focuses on flooding, discussing both physical and human causes. It also discusses strategies for flood management, including hard engineering approaches like dams and levees, as well as softer approaches like land use regulation, warning systems, and insurance. Specific examples from the Tees Valley, Bangladesh, and Vaiont Dam disaster in Italy are also summarized.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Multipurpose ProjectsEbad Ur Rahman
Multipurpose projects have several advantages: they can reduce flooding, impound water for irrigation, human consumption, and power generation while also improving transportation. However, they also have disadvantages, including the inundation of land and forests, displacement of people, and disruption of infrastructure and aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, multipurpose projects face challenges of attracting private investment given their complexity, and require strong regulatory frameworks and coordination between different users and sectors to balance competing demands.
The document discusses landslide disaster resilience town planning with a focus on landslides. It begins with an introduction and overview of landslides, their causes and impacts. It then provides background on landslide risk in India, particularly in the Himalayan region. The document presents a case study of Uttarakhand state, analyzing vulnerability profiles, population at risk, and highly landslide-prone areas. It recommends direct and indirect remedial measures for landslides and emphasizes a systematic planning and management approach involving preparation, response, and post-disaster stages.
This document provides an outline for a course on river engineering. It discusses river characteristics, hydraulics, morphology, sediment transport mechanisms, bed load calculation methods, sediment sampling, river training works, erosion protection, discharge control, and flow forecasting. Ethiopian rivers are described as having high seasonal flow variability due to the country's highlands and marked seasonality of rainfall. Common sediment transport mechanisms include bed load, suspended load, and wash load. Methods for calculating bed load transport rates include equations developed by Nielsen and van Rijn.
This document provides an introduction to floods, including their definition, types, causes, and impacts. It discusses areal floods, flash floods, river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, and catastrophic floods. The major causes of floods are described as heavy rainfall, siltation of river beds, blockages in drains, landslides, and dam/reservoir construction. The document then focuses on floods in India, outlining major flood-prone areas and state-level vulnerability trends. Several significant flood events across India are highlighted, including the 1987 Bihar floods, 2005 Gujarat floods, 2005 Maharashtra floods, 2012 Assam floods, 2013 Uttarakhand floods, and 2014 Jammu & Kashmir
Saltwater intrusion occurs when saline water from the ocean moves into freshwater aquifers located near the coast. It is often caused by groundwater pumping or construction activities that provide pathways for saltwater. Saltwater intrusion impacts freshwater resources and can lead to the loss of vegetation. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation describes the interaction between fresh and saltwater, and estimates that for every foot of freshwater above sea level, there will be 40 feet below. Management strategies aim to maintain groundwater levels and include conservation, alternative water sources, recharge, and monitoring wells.
The document discusses floods, their causes, effects, and management. It notes that floods are among the most common and destructive natural hazards. The main causes of flooding include prolonged rainfall, snowmelt, volcanic eruptions, storms, dam failures, and development in floodplains. Floods can damage infrastructure and agriculture, spread disease, and cause loss of life. Management strategies aim to modify floods, susceptibility, or loss burden through structural measures like dams or non-structural measures like warning systems and zoning. India's major flood-prone states are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam. The devastating 2008 Kosi flood in Bihar displaced millions and caused widespread damage costing over $500 million.
Floods occur when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes river channels and basins to exceed their carrying capacity. They can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization and deforestation. Around 12% of India's land is flood-prone, particularly areas in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and peninsular river basins. Flash floods occur in mountainous areas from intense rainfall, while riverine floods result from precipitation over large areas. Floods cause damage to property and infrastructure, loss of life, and waterborne diseases. They also negatively impact agriculture and long-term economic development.
Global warming is causing rising sea levels which is leading to saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers. Saltwater intrusion occurs when salt water moves into fresh water sources underground. It is a problem near coastal areas and is caused by rising sea levels, high freshwater consumption, oil drilling, lack of rain, and excessive pumping of freshwater from aquifers. This contamination of freshwater aquifers affects human activities and wildlife. Solutions include building pools to redirect saltwater back to the ocean, reducing freshwater usage and waste near coastal areas, educating the public, and implementing protective government policies.
This document discusses groundwater pollution in India. It provides background on groundwater hydrology and outlines the major sources and types of groundwater pollution including agricultural, industrial, municipal, and geogenic sources. It examines the current status of groundwater pollution across India, noting various contaminants that exceed safety limits in many states. The document also discusses measures to control groundwater pollution including artificial recharge, treatment methods, and regulations. It concludes that scientific data and implementation of protection laws are needed to ensure safe drinking water.
The document summarizes environmental problems and management aspects of the Vembanad Kol wetland system in Kerala, India. It begins with background on wetlands and an introduction to the Vembanad Kol system. It then discusses the wetland's physical characteristics, ecological significance, economic potential, and history of interventions. Major problems are outlined such as the impacts of physical barriers, sand mining, tourism, industrialization, and more. Potential management strategies are proposed, including improving education and engagement, strengthening institutional oversight, and establishing more participatory governance. The wetland is at risk of vanishing within 50 years due to climate change exacerbating various threats if no action is taken.
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
Runoff is that portion of the rainfall or irrigation water which leaves a field either as surface or as subsurface flow. When rainfall intensity reaching the soil surface is less than the infiltration capacity, all the water is absorbed in to the soil. As rain continues, soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reduced, shallow depression begins to fill with water, then the overland flow starts as runoff.
Deltas- types, formation, case studiesNishay Patel
Deltas are landforms formed at river mouths where sediment is deposited as the river enters a sea or lake. They are fan-shaped areas that can span hundreds of kilometers. The Indus River Delta in Pakistan covers 40,000 square kilometers and has a complex network of distributaries. Deltas form as rivers slow down at their mouths, causing sediment to flocculate and settle, building up over time. Different types of deltas include bird's foot, arcuate, and cuspate shapes, depending on factors like tidal influence. Deltas provide fertile land and resources but are also at high risk of flooding and channel migration due to their unstable sediments.
This document discusses the major river systems of Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has three main rivers - the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River system, the Ganges-Padma system, and the Meghna River system. It provides details on the length, tributaries, drainage areas, and other characteristics of each river. It also briefly discusses the Chittagong region river system and mentions some of the main causes of frequent flooding in Bangladesh, including heavy rainfall, river management issues, and ice melting from the Himalayas.
The document discusses flood management in India. It outlines the significance of flood management, describing various types of floods and their causes. It notes that India is highly vulnerable to floods, which can have devastating effects. The document then covers India's flood management plan, including forecasting, mitigation efforts, and case studies. Structural measures like dams and non-structural measures like insurance and education are discussed.
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document discusses urban flooding causes and management. It notes that heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in September-October 2009 caused widespread flooding that displaced over 1.3 million people and killed 199. Flooding is caused by both natural factors like heavy rainfall and silted drainage systems, as well as human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and lack of proper drainage infrastructure. Flood management requires reducing exposure to floods through land use planning, improving drainage systems, and implementing preparedness, response and recovery measures at the national, state, district and local levels in accordance with the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; 1.1. DRAINAGE B...George Dumitrache
Introductory presentation of the drainage basin systems in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: the global hydrological cycle, store, flows, the drainage systems, precipitation, evapotranspiration, interception, infiltration, percolation, drainage patterns, the water balance.
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment seminar presentation on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India. It discusses what an EIA is, types of projects that require EIAs like thermal power plants, mining, and river valley projects. It then focuses on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project as a case study, outlining its projected benefits, environmental impacts, protests against the project, and current status along with environmental safeguard measures taken.
Constructed wetlands are man-made systems designed to emulate natural wetlands for wastewater treatment. They utilize natural processes to treat wastewater through the interaction of microorganisms, plants, and substrates. There are different types of constructed wetlands including surface flow systems, horizontal subsurface flow systems, and vertical flow systems. Surface flow systems have water flowing above the ground while subsurface systems have water flowing below the surface through porous media. Constructed wetlands provide a low-cost approach to wastewater treatment and can effectively remove pollutants such as organic matter, suspended solids, pathogens, and nutrients.
This document provides an outline for a course on river engineering. It discusses river characteristics, hydraulics, morphology, sediment transport mechanisms, bed load calculation methods, sediment sampling, river training works, erosion protection, discharge control, and flow forecasting. Ethiopian rivers are described as having high seasonal flow variability due to the country's highlands and marked seasonality of rainfall. Common sediment transport mechanisms include bed load, suspended load, and wash load. Methods for calculating bed load transport rates include equations developed by Nielsen and van Rijn.
This document provides an introduction to floods, including their definition, types, causes, and impacts. It discusses areal floods, flash floods, river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, and catastrophic floods. The major causes of floods are described as heavy rainfall, siltation of river beds, blockages in drains, landslides, and dam/reservoir construction. The document then focuses on floods in India, outlining major flood-prone areas and state-level vulnerability trends. Several significant flood events across India are highlighted, including the 1987 Bihar floods, 2005 Gujarat floods, 2005 Maharashtra floods, 2012 Assam floods, 2013 Uttarakhand floods, and 2014 Jammu & Kashmir
Saltwater intrusion occurs when saline water from the ocean moves into freshwater aquifers located near the coast. It is often caused by groundwater pumping or construction activities that provide pathways for saltwater. Saltwater intrusion impacts freshwater resources and can lead to the loss of vegetation. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation describes the interaction between fresh and saltwater, and estimates that for every foot of freshwater above sea level, there will be 40 feet below. Management strategies aim to maintain groundwater levels and include conservation, alternative water sources, recharge, and monitoring wells.
The document discusses floods, their causes, effects, and management. It notes that floods are among the most common and destructive natural hazards. The main causes of flooding include prolonged rainfall, snowmelt, volcanic eruptions, storms, dam failures, and development in floodplains. Floods can damage infrastructure and agriculture, spread disease, and cause loss of life. Management strategies aim to modify floods, susceptibility, or loss burden through structural measures like dams or non-structural measures like warning systems and zoning. India's major flood-prone states are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam. The devastating 2008 Kosi flood in Bihar displaced millions and caused widespread damage costing over $500 million.
Floods occur when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes river channels and basins to exceed their carrying capacity. They can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization and deforestation. Around 12% of India's land is flood-prone, particularly areas in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and peninsular river basins. Flash floods occur in mountainous areas from intense rainfall, while riverine floods result from precipitation over large areas. Floods cause damage to property and infrastructure, loss of life, and waterborne diseases. They also negatively impact agriculture and long-term economic development.
Global warming is causing rising sea levels which is leading to saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers. Saltwater intrusion occurs when salt water moves into fresh water sources underground. It is a problem near coastal areas and is caused by rising sea levels, high freshwater consumption, oil drilling, lack of rain, and excessive pumping of freshwater from aquifers. This contamination of freshwater aquifers affects human activities and wildlife. Solutions include building pools to redirect saltwater back to the ocean, reducing freshwater usage and waste near coastal areas, educating the public, and implementing protective government policies.
This document discusses groundwater pollution in India. It provides background on groundwater hydrology and outlines the major sources and types of groundwater pollution including agricultural, industrial, municipal, and geogenic sources. It examines the current status of groundwater pollution across India, noting various contaminants that exceed safety limits in many states. The document also discusses measures to control groundwater pollution including artificial recharge, treatment methods, and regulations. It concludes that scientific data and implementation of protection laws are needed to ensure safe drinking water.
The document summarizes environmental problems and management aspects of the Vembanad Kol wetland system in Kerala, India. It begins with background on wetlands and an introduction to the Vembanad Kol system. It then discusses the wetland's physical characteristics, ecological significance, economic potential, and history of interventions. Major problems are outlined such as the impacts of physical barriers, sand mining, tourism, industrialization, and more. Potential management strategies are proposed, including improving education and engagement, strengthening institutional oversight, and establishing more participatory governance. The wetland is at risk of vanishing within 50 years due to climate change exacerbating various threats if no action is taken.
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
Runoff is that portion of the rainfall or irrigation water which leaves a field either as surface or as subsurface flow. When rainfall intensity reaching the soil surface is less than the infiltration capacity, all the water is absorbed in to the soil. As rain continues, soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reduced, shallow depression begins to fill with water, then the overland flow starts as runoff.
Deltas- types, formation, case studiesNishay Patel
Deltas are landforms formed at river mouths where sediment is deposited as the river enters a sea or lake. They are fan-shaped areas that can span hundreds of kilometers. The Indus River Delta in Pakistan covers 40,000 square kilometers and has a complex network of distributaries. Deltas form as rivers slow down at their mouths, causing sediment to flocculate and settle, building up over time. Different types of deltas include bird's foot, arcuate, and cuspate shapes, depending on factors like tidal influence. Deltas provide fertile land and resources but are also at high risk of flooding and channel migration due to their unstable sediments.
This document discusses the major river systems of Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has three main rivers - the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River system, the Ganges-Padma system, and the Meghna River system. It provides details on the length, tributaries, drainage areas, and other characteristics of each river. It also briefly discusses the Chittagong region river system and mentions some of the main causes of frequent flooding in Bangladesh, including heavy rainfall, river management issues, and ice melting from the Himalayas.
The document discusses flood management in India. It outlines the significance of flood management, describing various types of floods and their causes. It notes that India is highly vulnerable to floods, which can have devastating effects. The document then covers India's flood management plan, including forecasting, mitigation efforts, and case studies. Structural measures like dams and non-structural measures like insurance and education are discussed.
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document discusses urban flooding causes and management. It notes that heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in September-October 2009 caused widespread flooding that displaced over 1.3 million people and killed 199. Flooding is caused by both natural factors like heavy rainfall and silted drainage systems, as well as human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and lack of proper drainage infrastructure. Flood management requires reducing exposure to floods through land use planning, improving drainage systems, and implementing preparedness, response and recovery measures at the national, state, district and local levels in accordance with the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS - HYDROLOGY AND FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; 1.1. DRAINAGE B...George Dumitrache
Introductory presentation of the drainage basin systems in the first chapter of Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, suitable for AS students, consisting in the following: the global hydrological cycle, store, flows, the drainage systems, precipitation, evapotranspiration, interception, infiltration, percolation, drainage patterns, the water balance.
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment seminar presentation on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project in India. It discusses what an EIA is, types of projects that require EIAs like thermal power plants, mining, and river valley projects. It then focuses on the Sardar Sarovar Dam project as a case study, outlining its projected benefits, environmental impacts, protests against the project, and current status along with environmental safeguard measures taken.
Constructed wetlands are man-made systems designed to emulate natural wetlands for wastewater treatment. They utilize natural processes to treat wastewater through the interaction of microorganisms, plants, and substrates. There are different types of constructed wetlands including surface flow systems, horizontal subsurface flow systems, and vertical flow systems. Surface flow systems have water flowing above the ground while subsurface systems have water flowing below the surface through porous media. Constructed wetlands provide a low-cost approach to wastewater treatment and can effectively remove pollutants such as organic matter, suspended solids, pathogens, and nutrients.
Detailed description of Environmental Impact Assessment - Historical Background - Objectives - Assessment procedure - Necessity in Water resources projects - Environmental discourse on DAM construction - Case study
This presentation was given at the 2019 Catchment Management Notwork meeting, which was held on the 11 October in Tullamore. All our local authorities and other bodies responsible for implementing the Water Framework Directive in Ireland attended to share knowledge and learn from each other.
Three presentations from Session 34 of the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy, co-hosted by IWRP, the GIZ-MRC Network for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong countries, the Natural Heritage Institute and Deltares. The Mekong region is undergoing significant change in water resources development for multiple purposes, including hydropower, agriculture, fisheries production and navigation. This also requires the management of the river and its life- and livelihood-giving ecosystems for long term sustainability. Without coordinated development and effective river basin management, the Mekong Basin is exposed to many risks to water resources and associated ecosystems, including floods and drought, deterioration of water quality, reduction of sedimentation loads and extinction of many aquatic species. This session provided an opportunity to recognize these challenges in river basin management and identify development and management needs to tackle these issues.
Dams provide many benefits like improving quality of life through irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and more. However, they can also negatively impact the environment and human populations. Key impacts include displacing many people worldwide and inadequate compensation, harming terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by blocking animal migrations and altering natural river flows, and emitting greenhouse gases from reservoirs. While dams provide irrigation and hydropower, their construction often undercounts displaced people and fails to fully resettle them, compromising livelihoods. Cultural heritage sites can also be damaged or lost. Mitigation efforts are often insufficient to address these social and environmental impacts.
Geosynthetics have helped address some of the world's biggest challenges over the past 50 years in three key ways:
1) They have increased agricultural efficiency and food production to help feed the growing global population.
2) They have improved water infrastructure by preventing leaks in canals and preserving water quality and supply.
3) They have mitigated natural disasters by preventing coastal and slope erosion and strengthening flood defenses.
The document discusses various topics related to aquatic ecosystems:
- Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3.7 km, with the deepest part being the Mariana Trench at 11,000 meters.
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established rules governing the ocean and created new institutions.
- Wetlands provide important ecosystem services but 87% have been lost, threatening dependent species. The Ramsar Convention promotes wetland conservation.
- Aquatic food webs include plankton, benthos, nekton, fish, and humans that consume from all levels. Climate change poses threats like rising sea levels, warming, and
ARMF 2014 Employment of Proactive Mitigation Strategies in Combination with R...Janna Ellis Kepley
Proactive mitigation strategies like Everglades restoration are needed to counteract sea level rise in Florida in the long run. Reactive barriers will still be necessary in the short term to protect against coastal damage from storms and flooding. A combination of proactive and reactive strategies is recommended, including continuing Everglades restoration projects and updating infrastructure, while also maintaining some reactive barriers. Everglades restoration provides significant economic benefits compared to costs and helps mitigate effects of sea level rise like saltwater intrusion.
The International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) led this session on using green infrastructure as nature based solutions to create resilience and sustainability in development of Mekong countries. The session gave an overview of the different types of green infrastructure and their potentials for resilience, citing examples in Myanmar and the Mekong.
The document provides an overview of hydrology presented to Sir Hassan Rehman by Group #2. It discusses key topics of the presentation including the definition of hydrology, its scope and applications in civil engineering. It also examines various hydrological hazards such as floods, heavy rain, acidic rain and their effects. The presentation outlines steps to control hydrological hazards and discusses structures involved in hazard control as well as those affected by hazards. It concludes by asking if there are any questions.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of sand mining and provides mitigation measures. It notes that sand mining is becoming an issue as demand increases, and can cause considerable environmental damage by disturbing habitats and ecosystems. It then lists several specific impacts of sand mining, such as reducing bird habitats, degrading water quality, lowering groundwater levels, and destroying riparian vegetation. The document proposes 10 mitigation measures that can be taken, such as selecting mining areas to minimize damage, limiting mining during certain seasons, and restoring mined areas with replanting. It also discusses illegal sand mining occurring in India and steps taken in Kerala to address it, such as a complaint cell and raids to seize vehicles involved in illegal mining.
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
onkar khamgal ppt on domestic waste wtpONKARKHAMGAL
This document summarizes a seminar on advanced domestic wastewater treatment plants. It begins with an introduction that defines domestic wastewater and wastewater in general. It then outlines the objectives of wastewater treatment plants, which include reducing organic content and pollution. The document describes the various stages of wastewater treatment - primary, secondary, and tertiary. It provides details on the processes involved in each treatment stage, such as screening, sedimentation, and filtration. Cost analysis shows that while more expensive initially, advanced treatment techniques provide long-term benefits like lower maintenance and energy costs. In conclusion, wastewater treatment plants are important for protecting the environment and human health.
Sustainable development on natural disaster problem (flood) Mohd Ayman
Floods are an overflow of water that covers normally dry land. Flooding has been a global issue over the past decade, displacing people and destroying assets. Floods impact communities through social, economic, and environmental consequences. Immediate effects include loss of life, property damage, and health issues, while longer term impacts disrupt infrastructure and services. Suggested solutions include better flood warning systems, modifying structures, constructing buildings above flood levels, protecting wetlands, and improving flood defenses. Challenges to implementing solutions include population growth, climate change effects like sea level rise, and deforestation.
Adaptation to global change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
GFW Office Hours: How to Use Planet Imagery on Global Forest Watch_June 11, 2024Global Forest Watch
Earlier this year, we hosted a webinar on Deforestation Exposed: Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Investigate Forest Clearing.
If you missed this webinar or have any questions about Norway’s International Climate & Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and Planet’s high-resolution mosaics, please join our expert-led office hours for an overview of how to use Planet’s satellite imagery on GFW, including how to access and analyze the data.
Emerging Earth Observation methods for monitoring sustainable food productionCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniela Requena Suarez, Helmholtz GeoResearch Center Potsdam (GFZ) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
During this webinar, leading experts present the benefits of including setting sector-specific targets in countries’ next generation NDCs and layout specific examples for how to approach targets for key sectors like energy, transport, buildings, food, agriculture and land use. These sectors collectively emit about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.
Floristic diversity in a unique ecosystem of Burkina Faso: The case of the Ko...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this study is to provide a better knowledge of the flora of a classified forest relic and its capacity to preserve biodiversity. A forest inventory on 28 plots for woody species and 11 plots for herbaceous species was carried out in the Kou Classified Forest (KCF). The results show that the flora of the KCF is rich in 207 species belonging to 62 families and 165 genera. It includes 121 woody species and 85 herbaceous species. The most represented family is the Fabaceae 38 taxa. The diversity indices show that the woody and herbaceous flora is diverse, with respectively 13.61 and 7.85 for Margalef’s absolute species richness, 3.36 and 3.80 for Shannon-Weaver’s diversity index (H’), 0.93 and 0.97 for Simpson’s dominance (D’); 0.74 and 0.92 for Piélou’s equitability index (E). A total of 36 special-status species and 87.86% rare species (rarity index >80%) were recorded. Structural parameters such as basal area (15.73 ± 2.86 m2/ha), density (456 ± 51 ft/ha), average herbaceous cover (22% ± 4%) and Weibull’s form factor (C=0.7) show good ecological health and stability of the vegetation with a high regeneration potential of 1280 seedlings/ha and a regeneration rate of 236.37%. This ecosystem is of major importance in the conservation of phytodiversity in Burkina Faso.
Travis Hills of MN Promotes Practices That Help Farms and Ecosystems Thrive, ...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of MN implements cutting-edge technology to enhance water efficiency by recycling clean water for irrigation. He advocates for responsible water management practices, reducing freshwater dependency in agricultural settings. Travis' initiatives support sustainable farming practices and ecosystem health, aligning with environmental sustainability goals.
3. INTRODUCTION
A dam is essentially an artificial wall constructed across a river which converts a
running water ecosystem into a lake type ecosystem.
Dams are also known to cause environmental impacts which ranges from effects on
flora and fauna and natural flow of water. Dams are also known to be prone to
earthquakes and other natural disasters.
4. • PURPOSE OF STUDY: To bring out the positive and
negative impacts of large dams in their real perspectives.
• CASE STUDY: Tehri Dam, Uttarakhand, India
• METHODOLOGY: Analysis of financial, technical,
environmental and social data and weigh the same
impartially
OUTLINE
5. CASE STUDY: TEHRI DAM
• LOCATION: On Bhagirathi river, near Tehri in Uttarakhand,
India (30°22´40˝N, 78°28´50˝E)
• CONSTRUCTION BEGIN: 1978
• OPENING: 2006
• COST: US$ 1 Billion (approx.)
• OWNER: THDC India Ltd.
6. SITE SELECTION
1. Presence of s-shaped narrow gorge followed in upstream by a
considerable broad valley
2. Extensive terrace of the valley
3. Uniform geo-mechanical characteristics of disposed strata
4. Absence of any major tectonically active feature
5. Location at downstream of confluence of Bhagirathi and Bhilangana
rivers
8. DAM AND SPILLWAYS
Type of dam: Embankment, earth
and rock-fill
Impounds: Bhagirathi river
Height: 260.5m (855 feet)
Length: 575m (1886 feet)
Width(crest): 20m(66 ft)
Width(base): 1128m (3701 ft)
Spillway type: Gate controlled
Spillway capacity: 15,540 m3/s
(549,000 cu. ft/s)
9. RESERVOIR
Total capacity: 4.0 km3 (3,200,000 acre-feet)
Surface: 52 km2 (20 sq. m)
POWER STATION
Turbines: Vertical Francis turbines
Installed capacity: 1000 MW (1,300,000 hp)
Maximum planned: 2,400 MW
10. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
1. U/S slope=2.5:1 and D/S slope=2.0:1
2. Crest=20m, which increases to 25m at its contact with abutments
3. Free board=9.5m above FRL
4. The D/S filter is capable of preventing migration of finest particles
(clay flocks) in the event of its cracking
5. Compaction of dam shell material=2.36 tons/m3
6. The dam embankment is founded directly on bedrock, after removal of
all loose, semi compact overburden
7. Provision of access galleries at three different levels
12. SOCIALASPECT
1. MASS DISPLACEMENT: 109 villages (full or partial) and the
Tehri town population were displaced.
Mitigation: Rehabilitation and Resettlement Program, for rural and
urban population
2. PUBLIC HEALTH: Comprehensive study of water-borne
diseases made and dust pollution level at construction site monitored.
15. MITIGATIONS
1. Compensatory afforestation to counter deforestation
2. Undertaking of Catchment Area Treatment and creating green-belt to
prevent soil erosion
3. Common Area Development Plan to prevent water-logging
4. Counter-measures undertaken to protect biodiversity
5. Water Quality Monitoring to control BOD and dissolved oxygen levels
16. ECONOMIC ASPECT
1. Hydro Power
2. Road network
3. Prevention of flood
4. Industry
5. Tourism
6. Irrigation
7. Drinking water supply
21. MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY: Water from the Tehri Dam is supplied to
the Municipalities in Delhi NCR, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal
IRRIGATION: Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal shares water from the dam for
irrigation.
FLOOD CONTROL: The presence of the Tehri Dam reduced the effect of
the catastrophic flood of June 2013 and protected Hrishikesh from disaster.
TOURISM: The Tehri Dam has become a major source of employment
generation as tourist attraction in Uttaranchal.
22. CONCLUSION
“ Dams are the temples of modern India.”
-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
First Prime Minister of Independent India
23. THANK YOU
PRESENTATION BY:
PRASAD MUKHERJEE, B. TECH (CIVIL ENGINEERING)
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, JAIPUR
(Rajasthan)
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
