I pv4 and ipv6

AN OUTLINE OF IPv4 AND
IPv6
S.MANIMOZHI,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
BON SECOURS COLLEGE FOR
WOMEN,
THANAJVUR

SUBSTANCES
 Introduction
 Basic terms
 IP Protocol
 IP Address
 Subnet
 Internet Control Protocols
 The internet control message protocols
 The address resolution Protocol
 The reverse address resolution protocol
 The gateway routing Protocol
 The exterior gateway routing protocol
 Casting
 Classless Inter Domain Routing
 IPV6
 Differences between IPv4 and IPv6

Introduction
 The Internet together is done by network layer
protocol, Internet Protocol.
 Communication in the network as, transport layer
takes data streams and breaks them up into
datagrams. In the destination machine, they are
reassembled by the network layer into the original
destination.

Basic Terms
 Protocol  A language systems use to exchange
information.
 Attribute Quantities that involved in the
communication. ex: dest.add,message
 Value  Assigned value to the attributes. Define the
status of the value
 The connection start from one network to another
network in the way of 1.network id,2.host id

The IP Protocol
 Foundational protocol of the current internet.
 Defined by RFC 791 (1981)
 Defines a collection of attributes and actions to
facilitate inter-network communication
 Hosts are designated by 32 bit addresses .
 Dotted decimal notation
 Network consist of two parts
 Network Id indicates the ip address belongs to which
network
 Host Id  identifies the host within the network id.

IP Address
 It consists of 32 bit address.
 8 bit for network ID.
 24 bit for host ID.

Class full Address
 Five classes are used based on the information
security

Class A
 IP address starts from 0 to 127. totally 128 address
 0 and 127 not used as IP address.
 Network id 8 bit and host id 24 bit.
 In binary the addresses are in the form of
0000 0000
0000 0001
.... ….
…. ….
1111 1111

Class B
 IP address starts from 128 to 191. totally 2 30 address
0000 0000
0000 0001
.... ….
…. ….
1111 1111

Class C
 IP address starts from 192 to 223. totally 2 29
address
192.0.0.0 -192.255.255.255
 Class D: 224-239
 Class E: 240-255

Casting
 Casting is the process of sending message from one
host to another host.
 Casting type:
 Unicast : sending message from one host
to host in a different network
 Broadcast:
 Limited broadcast : send message to all hosts with in the
network
 Direct cast : send message to the network to
everyone in the some other network.

Subnet
 Separate big network in to small networks
 Advantage :
• security within sharing
• Don’t want big network because of headache
• Maintance
 Disadvantage:
• process requires high transaction when sending msgs.
 For Normal Communication : identify network id Host
Name process Id
 For subnet: Identify network id subnetidhost idprocess id
 Subnet works: divide the IP address based on host address. Not
network id

IPv4 Address
 Version  indicates the version of the protocol
 HL  How long the header
 Type of service  Allows the host to tell the subnet what kind of services it wants.
 Total length both header and data
 Identification field  Needed to allow the destination host to determine which datagram a
newly arrived fragment belongs to.
 DF Don’t Fragment Router need not to fragment the datagram.
 MF More Fragment . It is needed to know when all fragments of a datagram have arrived.
 Fragment Offset  Where in the current datagram this fragment belongs.
 Time To Live Limit the packet life time.

IPv6 Address
 Version  indicates the version of the protocol
 Priority  distinguish between packets whose sources can be flow controlled and those that
cannot. Value 0-7  slowing down in the event of congestion. 8-15  whose sending rate is
constant even if all packets are being lost.
 Flow label it is used to allow a source and destination to set up a psudoconnection with
particular properties and requirements.
 Payload Length  it tells how many bytes follow the 40 byte header.
 Next Header Field the header could be simplified is that there can be additional
extension headers.
 Hop limit it is used to keep packets from living forever.

IPv6 Technical Features
 Header format simplification
 Extended header
 Extended address space.
 Address auto configuration and renumbering
 Duplicate address discovery
 New protocol for neighboring nodeinteration
 Efficient routing
 Built in security
 Better support for prioritized delivery in QOS
 Route optimized mobility
 End to end connectivity

Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
IPv4 addresses are 32 bit length. IPv6 addresses are 128 bit length.
IPv4 addresses are binary numbers represented in decimals. IPv6 addresses are binary numbers represented in hexadecimals.
IPSec support is only optional. Inbuilt IPSec support.
Fragmentation is done by sender and forwarding routers. Fragmentation is done only by sender.
No packet flow identification.
Packet flow identification is available within the IPv6 header using the Flow
Label field.
Checksum field is available in IPv4 header No checksum field in IPv6 header.
Options fields are available in IPv4 header. No option fields, but IPv6 Extension headers are available.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is available to mapIPv4
addresses to MAC addresses.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is replaced with a function ofNeighbor
Discovery Protocol (NDP).
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to manage
multicast group membership.
IGMP is replaced with Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) messages.
Broadcast messages are available.
Broadcast messages are not available. Instead a link-local scope "All
nodes" multicast IPv6 address (FF02::1) is used for broadcast similar
functionality.
Manual configuration (Static) of IPv4 addresses or DHCP
(Dynamic configuration) is required to configure IPv4 addresses.

Issues in Co-Existence of IPv6 and IPv4
 Increased Operating Costs, Management Complexity
and Interoperability Problems
 End to End Node Connectivity
 Security Concerns

End to End Node Connectivity
 IPv6 is new E2E protocol for the commercial
internet.
 IPv6 packets Travel from source to destination
mostly unaltered by intermediate devices.
 With IPv6, every device can be a server and client
simultaneously.
 Many devices in the enterprise already cannot serve
information since they are behind NATs.

Increased Operating Costs, Management Complexity
and Interoperability Problems
 The resources required in managing networks
effectively and systems utilizing both IPv4 and IPv6
are likely to be greater than what

Security Concerns
 Many communication resources will likely be shared
by IPv4 and IPv6 protocols during the transition.
 Both IPv4 and IPv6 share the forward DNS tree
while the reverse DNS trees are separate.
 Interoperability will suffer if one administrator
controls the forward DNS zone and the IPv4 reverse
DNS zone while another administrator controls the
IPv6 reverse DNS zone.

I pv4 and ipv6

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