This document provides descriptions of various networking devices including hubs, switches, routers, bridges, and repeaters. It explains that hubs connect multiple devices but do not filter data or determine the best path for data packets. Switches maintain a list of network addresses and transmit data packets to the correct port, allowing for faster transmission speeds than hubs. Routers route data packets based on IP addresses and connect local and wide area networks. Bridges divide large networks into smaller segments and connect different network types/architectures. Repeaters regenerate weak signals to extend transmission distances but do not amplify signals.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share files and resources. They include routers, hubs, switches, bridges, gateways, and network interface cards. Routers direct network traffic and route information between local area networks. Hubs connect devices physically but copy all data to every port. Switches intelligently send data only to the destination port, unlike hubs. Bridges connect networks using the same protocol, while gateways allow communication across different networks using protocols. Network interface cards provide the physical connection between a computer and the network.
Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data. There are two main types of transmission media: guided media (wired), which provide a conduit for transmission, and unguided media (wireless), which transmit via electromagnetic waves without a physical pathway. Common guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided media include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each type of transmission media has different characteristics that determine its suitable uses.
This document provides an overview of basic local area network (LAN) concepts including definitions, hardware, media, and sample implementations. It defines a LAN as a group of computers and devices sharing resources within a small geographic area. Common LAN hardware includes hubs, switches, bridges, and routers which connect devices and segment traffic at different OSI model layers. Wired media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables while common wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and WiMax. Sample configurations show home and business LAN setups connecting devices via these components.
The document discusses the network layer in computer networking. It describes how the network layer is responsible for routing packets from their source to destination. It covers different routing algorithms like distance vector routing and link state routing. It also compares connectionless and connection-oriented services, as well as datagram and virtual circuit subnets. Key aspects of routing algorithms like optimality, stability, and fairness are defined.
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including computer networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), common LAN topologies, LAN transmission methods, LAN infrastructure devices, common network cabling, Ethernet, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. It describes key aspects of each layer in the OSI model from application to network layer.
The document discusses network software and protocols. It defines network software as software used for design, implementation, operation and monitoring of computer networks. It notes that traditionally networks were hardware-based but with software-defined networking, software is separated from hardware. It then discusses protocol hierarchies, design issues for network layers, connection-oriented and connectionless services, service primitives, and the relationship between services and protocols.
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It has multiple network interfaces and uses information in routing tables to determine the best path to direct each packet. As a packet comes in one of its lines, the router reads the address and uses its routing information to determine the next network. This allows it to effectively direct traffic through multiple interconnected networks until packets reach their destination. Router technology has evolved alongside increases in network bandwidth, allowing networks to expand while also driving down costs over time.
Routers connect different computer networks and forward data packets between them by reading the address information in each packet to determine the ultimate destination. A router contains a routing table with information about connected networks and uses this to determine the best path for packets to travel through multiple networks to reach their destination. There are two main types of routers: core routers connect different cities while edge routers connect users and hosts to networks.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share files and resources. They include routers, hubs, switches, bridges, gateways, and network interface cards. Routers direct network traffic and route information between local area networks. Hubs connect devices physically but copy all data to every port. Switches intelligently send data only to the destination port, unlike hubs. Bridges connect networks using the same protocol, while gateways allow communication across different networks using protocols. Network interface cards provide the physical connection between a computer and the network.
Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data. There are two main types of transmission media: guided media (wired), which provide a conduit for transmission, and unguided media (wireless), which transmit via electromagnetic waves without a physical pathway. Common guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided media include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each type of transmission media has different characteristics that determine its suitable uses.
This document provides an overview of basic local area network (LAN) concepts including definitions, hardware, media, and sample implementations. It defines a LAN as a group of computers and devices sharing resources within a small geographic area. Common LAN hardware includes hubs, switches, bridges, and routers which connect devices and segment traffic at different OSI model layers. Wired media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables while common wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and WiMax. Sample configurations show home and business LAN setups connecting devices via these components.
The document discusses the network layer in computer networking. It describes how the network layer is responsible for routing packets from their source to destination. It covers different routing algorithms like distance vector routing and link state routing. It also compares connectionless and connection-oriented services, as well as datagram and virtual circuit subnets. Key aspects of routing algorithms like optimality, stability, and fairness are defined.
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including computer networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), common LAN topologies, LAN transmission methods, LAN infrastructure devices, common network cabling, Ethernet, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. It describes key aspects of each layer in the OSI model from application to network layer.
The document discusses network software and protocols. It defines network software as software used for design, implementation, operation and monitoring of computer networks. It notes that traditionally networks were hardware-based but with software-defined networking, software is separated from hardware. It then discusses protocol hierarchies, design issues for network layers, connection-oriented and connectionless services, service primitives, and the relationship between services and protocols.
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It has multiple network interfaces and uses information in routing tables to determine the best path to direct each packet. As a packet comes in one of its lines, the router reads the address and uses its routing information to determine the next network. This allows it to effectively direct traffic through multiple interconnected networks until packets reach their destination. Router technology has evolved alongside increases in network bandwidth, allowing networks to expand while also driving down costs over time.
Routers connect different computer networks and forward data packets between them by reading the address information in each packet to determine the ultimate destination. A router contains a routing table with information about connected networks and uses this to determine the best path for packets to travel through multiple networks to reach their destination. There are two main types of routers: core routers connect different cities while edge routers connect users and hosts to networks.
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use radio waves to connect devices in a building or campus wirelessly. They integrate with wired networks through access points that bridge wireless and wired traffic. WLANs operate similarly to wired LANs but have some differences like lower security, limited bandwidth, and variable performance depending on location within the network coverage area. Common devices that use WLANs include tablets, smartphones and laptops.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a standard routing protocol that exchanges routing information between gateways and hosts. It works by limiting routes to a maximum of 15 hops to prevent routing loops. There are three versions of RIP: RIP version 1 supports only classful routing; RIP version 2 adds support for VLSM and authentication; and RIPng extends RIP version 2 to support IPv6. RIP has limitations such as a small hop count limit and slow convergence times. It is commonly implemented in Cisco IOS, Junos, and open source routing software.
The document describes the seven-layer OSI model, with each layer responsible for certain network functions. The physical layer transmits raw bits over a transmission medium. The data link layer transmits frames between nodes. The network layer delivers packets from source to destination hosts via routing. The transport layer provides reliable process-to-process message delivery. The session layer establishes and manages communication sessions. The presentation layer handles translation and formatting. The application layer provides services to the user/application.
LAR utilizes location information to improve routing efficiency by reducing control overhead. It uses GPS to obtain geographical information. There are two zones in LAR - the ExpectedZone where the destination is expected to be, and the RequestZone which is the area where routing packets can propagate. PAR aims to minimize energy consumption per packet by calculating the sum of energy required at each hop. It also aims for maximum network connectivity and uniform distribution of power consumption across all nodes.
This document discusses different types of routing protocols. It describes static routing protocols where routes are manually configured by an administrator. It then covers dynamic routing protocols which automatically update routing tables. The main dynamic routing protocols covered are RIP, RIPv2, IGRP, and EIGRP. RIP is a distance vector protocol that exchanges full routing tables every 30 seconds. RIPv2, IGRP, and EIGRP are also discussed with their key characteristics.
This document discusses different types of computer network switching, including circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection between nodes for the duration of a call. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are routed independently through a network on a first-come, first-served basis without dedicated connections. Virtual circuit switching combines aspects of circuit switching and packet switching by establishing paths for packets through a three-phase process of setup, data transfer using local addressing, and teardown.
The network layer provides two main services: connectionless and connection-oriented. Connectionless service routes packets independently through routers using destination addresses and routing tables. Connection-oriented service establishes a virtual circuit between source and destination, routing all related traffic along the pre-determined path. The document also discusses store-and-forward packet switching, where packets are stored until fully received before being forwarded, and services provided to the transport layer like uniform addressing.
This document discusses various networking devices used to connect electronic devices and share resources in a computer network. It describes network interface cards (NICs) that provide the physical interface between a computer and cabling. It also covers repeaters that regenerate signals to extend distances, modems that modulate and demodulate signals for internet connections, hubs and switches that connect multiple devices either by broadcasting or selectively forwarding, bridges that segment networks while filtering traffic, and routers that intelligently connect different network types and choose optimal paths between them. The document provides details on the function and layer (physical, data link, network) of operation for each type of networking device.
This document discusses different modes of data transmission including parallel transmission, serial transmission, asynchronous transmission, and synchronous transmission. Parallel transmission transmits all bits simultaneously but requires multiple wires, while serial transmission transmits bits one after the other on a single wire. Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits but does not require synchronization, while synchronous transmission transmits data in a continuous stream under a common clock and provides higher speeds without start/stop bits.
Introduction: Mobile Communications, Mobile Computing – Paradigm, Promises/Novel Applications and Impediments and Architecture; Mobile and Handheld Devices, Limitations of Mobile and Handheld Devices.
GSM – Services, System Architecture, Radio Interfaces, Protocols, Localization, Calling, Handover, Security, New Data Services, GPRS, CSHSD, DECT.
switching techniques in data communication and networkingHarshita Yadav
This document discusses different types of network switching: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It describes circuit switching as establishing a dedicated electrical path for communication between two ports. Packet switching breaks communication down into small packets that are routed through the network based on destination addresses. There are two approaches for packet switching - datagram and virtual circuit. Datagram packets can take different paths to the destination while virtual circuit establishes a pre-planned route. Message switching does not establish a dedicated path, and each message is treated independently with the destination address added. The document was submitted by several students to their professor.
This document provides an overview of various computer networking concepts and components. It begins with definitions of networking basics like communications and telecommunications. It then describes the essential parts of a basic network including a message, transmitter, medium, receiver and destination. The document outlines different network topologies like bus, ring, star, star-bus and mesh. It also discusses network types like peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The document provides details on common networking media and components including coaxial cable, twisted pair cables, optical fibers, wireless transmission, hubs, gateways, routers, bridges and switches. It concludes with a brief introduction to the IEEE 802 family of standards related to local and metropolitan area networks.
Ethernet is a widely used networking protocol for local area networks (LANs). It uses cables to connect multiple computers together to allow them to send data to each other. Common cable types are thick coaxial cable, thin coaxial cable, and twisted pair cables. Ethernet uses encoding schemes like Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding to transmit data over the cables. Ethernet has evolved over time to support higher speeds through standards like Fast Ethernet that supports 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet that supports 1 Gbps, while maintaining compatibility with previous versions.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
This Presentation consists of various Network Devices
Hub, Router, Repeater, Bridge, Brouter, Gateway, NIC etc. It is very helpful for B.tech, BCA, MCA, M.Tech students and for those who is interested in networking.
A hub is a networking device that connects multiple devices on a local area network (LAN). It receives data packets through one port and broadcasts them to all other ports so all connected devices can see the packets. Hubs operate in half duplex mode and have no bandwidth management or collision detection. Switches are more advanced devices that can connect more devices than hubs. Switches have buffers and port-to-MAC address tables that allow them to send frames to specific ports faster than hubs. Routers connect multiple networks like LANs and WANs. Routers use IP addresses to route packets between networks and can run routing protocols to dynamically learn routes.
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use radio waves to connect devices in a building or campus wirelessly. They integrate with wired networks through access points that bridge wireless and wired traffic. WLANs operate similarly to wired LANs but have some differences like lower security, limited bandwidth, and variable performance depending on location within the network coverage area. Common devices that use WLANs include tablets, smartphones and laptops.
This presentation is about the introduction to network switch layer technology. A network switch is a device tha is used to connect different segments over the network.This ppt includes introduction to switch,types of switches or layer specification,advantages and disadvantages of switch..
I hope it will be very helpful for the engineering students and the others who are interested to search in deep about network switch.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a standard routing protocol that exchanges routing information between gateways and hosts. It works by limiting routes to a maximum of 15 hops to prevent routing loops. There are three versions of RIP: RIP version 1 supports only classful routing; RIP version 2 adds support for VLSM and authentication; and RIPng extends RIP version 2 to support IPv6. RIP has limitations such as a small hop count limit and slow convergence times. It is commonly implemented in Cisco IOS, Junos, and open source routing software.
The document describes the seven-layer OSI model, with each layer responsible for certain network functions. The physical layer transmits raw bits over a transmission medium. The data link layer transmits frames between nodes. The network layer delivers packets from source to destination hosts via routing. The transport layer provides reliable process-to-process message delivery. The session layer establishes and manages communication sessions. The presentation layer handles translation and formatting. The application layer provides services to the user/application.
LAR utilizes location information to improve routing efficiency by reducing control overhead. It uses GPS to obtain geographical information. There are two zones in LAR - the ExpectedZone where the destination is expected to be, and the RequestZone which is the area where routing packets can propagate. PAR aims to minimize energy consumption per packet by calculating the sum of energy required at each hop. It also aims for maximum network connectivity and uniform distribution of power consumption across all nodes.
This document discusses different types of routing protocols. It describes static routing protocols where routes are manually configured by an administrator. It then covers dynamic routing protocols which automatically update routing tables. The main dynamic routing protocols covered are RIP, RIPv2, IGRP, and EIGRP. RIP is a distance vector protocol that exchanges full routing tables every 30 seconds. RIPv2, IGRP, and EIGRP are also discussed with their key characteristics.
This document discusses different types of computer network switching, including circuit switching, packet switching, and virtual circuit switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection between nodes for the duration of a call. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are routed independently through a network on a first-come, first-served basis without dedicated connections. Virtual circuit switching combines aspects of circuit switching and packet switching by establishing paths for packets through a three-phase process of setup, data transfer using local addressing, and teardown.
The network layer provides two main services: connectionless and connection-oriented. Connectionless service routes packets independently through routers using destination addresses and routing tables. Connection-oriented service establishes a virtual circuit between source and destination, routing all related traffic along the pre-determined path. The document also discusses store-and-forward packet switching, where packets are stored until fully received before being forwarded, and services provided to the transport layer like uniform addressing.
This document discusses various networking devices used to connect electronic devices and share resources in a computer network. It describes network interface cards (NICs) that provide the physical interface between a computer and cabling. It also covers repeaters that regenerate signals to extend distances, modems that modulate and demodulate signals for internet connections, hubs and switches that connect multiple devices either by broadcasting or selectively forwarding, bridges that segment networks while filtering traffic, and routers that intelligently connect different network types and choose optimal paths between them. The document provides details on the function and layer (physical, data link, network) of operation for each type of networking device.
This document discusses different modes of data transmission including parallel transmission, serial transmission, asynchronous transmission, and synchronous transmission. Parallel transmission transmits all bits simultaneously but requires multiple wires, while serial transmission transmits bits one after the other on a single wire. Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits but does not require synchronization, while synchronous transmission transmits data in a continuous stream under a common clock and provides higher speeds without start/stop bits.
Introduction: Mobile Communications, Mobile Computing – Paradigm, Promises/Novel Applications and Impediments and Architecture; Mobile and Handheld Devices, Limitations of Mobile and Handheld Devices.
GSM – Services, System Architecture, Radio Interfaces, Protocols, Localization, Calling, Handover, Security, New Data Services, GPRS, CSHSD, DECT.
switching techniques in data communication and networkingHarshita Yadav
This document discusses different types of network switching: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It describes circuit switching as establishing a dedicated electrical path for communication between two ports. Packet switching breaks communication down into small packets that are routed through the network based on destination addresses. There are two approaches for packet switching - datagram and virtual circuit. Datagram packets can take different paths to the destination while virtual circuit establishes a pre-planned route. Message switching does not establish a dedicated path, and each message is treated independently with the destination address added. The document was submitted by several students to their professor.
This document provides an overview of various computer networking concepts and components. It begins with definitions of networking basics like communications and telecommunications. It then describes the essential parts of a basic network including a message, transmitter, medium, receiver and destination. The document outlines different network topologies like bus, ring, star, star-bus and mesh. It also discusses network types like peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The document provides details on common networking media and components including coaxial cable, twisted pair cables, optical fibers, wireless transmission, hubs, gateways, routers, bridges and switches. It concludes with a brief introduction to the IEEE 802 family of standards related to local and metropolitan area networks.
Ethernet is a widely used networking protocol for local area networks (LANs). It uses cables to connect multiple computers together to allow them to send data to each other. Common cable types are thick coaxial cable, thin coaxial cable, and twisted pair cables. Ethernet uses encoding schemes like Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding to transmit data over the cables. Ethernet has evolved over time to support higher speeds through standards like Fast Ethernet that supports 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet that supports 1 Gbps, while maintaining compatibility with previous versions.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
This Presentation consists of various Network Devices
Hub, Router, Repeater, Bridge, Brouter, Gateway, NIC etc. It is very helpful for B.tech, BCA, MCA, M.Tech students and for those who is interested in networking.
A hub is a networking device that connects multiple devices on a local area network (LAN). It receives data packets through one port and broadcasts them to all other ports so all connected devices can see the packets. Hubs operate in half duplex mode and have no bandwidth management or collision detection. Switches are more advanced devices that can connect more devices than hubs. Switches have buffers and port-to-MAC address tables that allow them to send frames to specific ports faster than hubs. Routers connect multiple networks like LANs and WANs. Routers use IP addresses to route packets between networks and can run routing protocols to dynamically learn routes.
Network devices like hubs, switches, and routers connect computers in a network and help manage traffic flow. Hubs broadcast all received data to all ports but have limited bandwidth. Switches can connect more devices than hubs and have features like VLANs. Routers connect different networks and use IP addresses to direct traffic. Other devices like firewalls, VPNs, and IDS/IPS provide network security functions.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share resources and include devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network interface cards. A repeater receives and retransmits signals to extend range without degradation and works at the physical layer. A hub is a multiport repeater that connects multiple wires in a star topology. A bridge connects two networks and works at the data link layer, maintaining a MAC address table to selectively forward data. A switch is an efficient, multi-port bridge that can check for errors and selectively forward packets to the correct port. A router routes packets based on IP addresses and connects LANs and WANs at the network layer.
The document discusses topics related to the network layer, including:
1) The network layer is responsible for routing packets between hosts and networks, addressing devices and networks, and internetworking between subnets with different addressing schemes or protocols.
2) Key functions of the network layer include routing, addressing, queueing and forwarding packets according to quality of service, and providing connection-oriented and connectionless mechanisms.
3) The document discusses various networking devices that operate at the network layer like routers, switches, bridges, repeaters, and gateways, and their functions in routing packets between networks and subnets.
Computer networking devices allow computers to communicate over a network. A network interface card (NIC) connects each computer to the network. Hubs connect multiple devices and broadcast all data to every port. Switches examine destination addresses and forward frames to the specific port, improving efficiency over hubs. Routers connect different networks and determine the best route to forward packets between networks.
Computer networking devices allow computers to communicate over a network. A network interface card (NIC) connects each computer to the network. Hubs connect multiple devices and broadcast all data to every port. Switches examine destination addresses and forward frames to the specific port, improving efficiency over hubs. Routers connect different networks and determine the best route to forward packets between networks.
Cisco Routing and Switching by yateendra sahu pptyateendrasahu
A network connects computing devices like computers, printers, and routers that can communicate with each other. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) that connect devices within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that connect LANs across a city, and wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs over a larger geographic area. Networks use devices like switches, routers, and bridges to direct data between connected devices and allow communication. Routers in particular send data packets between different networks by maintaining routing tables that contain addressing information.
Here is the short description about computer network components.
Explained here about networking components such as Hub, Switch, Repeater, Bridge and so on.
Network connecting devices and their securitylovizabasharat
Networking devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and gateways are used to connect electronic devices and share files and resources over a local area network (LAN). Hubs connect multiple devices but do not filter traffic. Switches are more intelligent and can identify devices to deliver messages only to the intended recipient. Routers connect different networks and choose congestion-free paths. Gateways connect incompatible networks by translating between protocols. Other devices like bridges, brouters, repeaters, modems, access points, and network interface cards (NICs) help devices connect either via wired or wireless connections. Network security devices such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS
This document discusses network topologies and networking devices. It provides an overview of the OSI model and its purpose in networking. It then defines common networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and their functions. Finally, it describes different network topologies such as bus, star, ring and mesh and their advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including network architecture, evolution of networking technologies, common network devices, transmission media, network topologies, wireless technologies, types of networks, standards organizations like IEEE, common network models, important network protocols, and types of servers. It covers fundamental topics in a comprehensive manner suitable for an introductory course on computer networks.
This document discusses various networking protocols and network connection types. It begins by defining protocols and their role in governing network communication. It then describes common protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, HTTP and others. It explains the differences between connection-oriented protocols like TCP that establish connections, and connectionless protocols like UDP that do not. Finally, it discusses common network devices like hubs, switches, routers, and their functions.
The layout pattern of the interconnections between computers in a network is called network topology. ... Network topology is illustrated by showing these nodes and their connections using cables. There are a number of different types of network topologies, including point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid.
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It discusses common network topologies like star, bus, and ring. It also describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, bridges, routers and their functions. Finally, it covers different network media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and provides examples of local area network implementations in home and business settings.
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
Network hardware devices mediate data transfer within computer networks. Common basic networking devices include routers, bridges, switches, hubs, and repeaters. Routers connect similar networks, bridges connect similar network segments, switches manage bandwidth, hubs provide connection points, and repeaters extend network length. Hybrid devices include protocol converters, bridge routers, and digital media receivers. Other hardware like modems and network cards establish network or dial-up connections.
Similar to Hub, switch, router, bridge & and repeater (20)
Cse 318 Project Report on Goethe Institut Bangladesh Network DesignMaksudujjaman
1. The student designed a network for the Goethe-Institut in Dhaka to simulate their networking needs. The network included servers, PCs, wireless access points, switches, routers, IP phones, and other devices across three floors.
2. Physical and logical network diagrams were created showing the layout and connections between devices. Key features of the design included separate networks for each floor, wireless connectivity, remote device management, and security features.
3. A cost analysis was conducted calculating the total price of network devices, coming to a total of over 13 million BDT. Common network protocols like DNS, FTP, and SMTP were configured. The project taught the student about network concepts and skills in areas
The document describes a network design lab experiment involving a star topology network with 18 PCs, a mail server, a DNS server, and a printer connected to a switch. It provides the IP configurations for each device, including IP addresses, subnet masks, and the mail and DNS server IP addresses. The objectives of the lab were to configure the star topology network along with configuring the mail and DNS servers and establishing connections between devices.
The document describes a wireless network setup experiment for a computer networks laboratory course. The objectives are to create a star topology with wireless connections between devices like a switch, access point, PCs, laptops and smartphones. It provides the IP configurations with IP addresses and subnet masks for the devices involved in the wireless network, including several PCs, laptops and smartphones.
This document summarizes an experiment on configuring an FTP server. The objectives were to set up a star topology network with a connection between a switch and computers and server. The IP configurations assigned IP addresses, subnet masks, and identified the FTP server IP of 192.168.0.5 for five devices: PC0 to PC3 and the FTP server. The document provides details for an FTP server configuration experiment in a computer networks laboratory course.
Lab Room Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
The document outlines the objectives, topology design, and IP configurations for a computer networks lab experiment using Cisco Packet Tracer. The experiment aims to design a star topology lab room network connecting 4 PCs, a switch, DNS server, and mail server. Each device is assigned an IP address on the 192.168.0.0 subnet with a 255.255.255.0 netmask and 192.168.0.5 DNS server.
Mail Server Configuration with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document outlines an experiment to configure a mail server using Cisco Packet Tracer. The objectives are to allow devices to communicate via email and connect a switch to computers and a server. It provides the IP configurations for 4 PCs with IP addresses 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.4 and the same password and send/receive mail permissions for 4 users set up on the mail server.
DNS Server Configuration with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document summarizes a student's experiment configuring a DNS server using Cisco Packet Tracer. The objectives were to configure a DNS server, allow browsing of web pages, and connect various devices including switches, routers, and a server. IP configurations including IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers are provided for 6 PCs and the DNS server.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document describes an experiment to set up a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) using Cisco Packet Tracer. The objectives are to create a MAN connecting three local area networks, provide internet access, and connect printers. Each LAN uses a different IP scheme (10.10.10.0, 20.20.20.0, 30.30.30.0) with subnets of 255.255.255.0. Routers connect the LANs and computers are configured with default gateways to access the wider network.
Local Area Network (LAN) Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document summarizes a student's lab experiment on setting up a local area network (LAN) using Cisco Packet Tracer. The objectives were to setup a LAN to interconnect multiple computers within the same building to communicate and transfer data. The student configured IP addresses and subnet masks for 4 PCs (PC0 to PC3) connected to a switch to form the LAN with addresses between 200.195.120.1 to 200.195.120.4. The student submitted this report for a computer networks laboratory course at City University, Dhaka as part of their B.Sc. in computer science and engineering program.
Hybrid Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document describes an experiment to set up a hybrid computer network topology in Cisco Packet Tracer. The hybrid topology combines a star backbone with two bus and two ring sub-topologies. It connects 12 computers with IP addresses in the 192.168.0.0/24 subnet range to hubs, switches, and each other to form the hybrid configuration. The objectives are to create the hybrid network and establish connections between devices like computers, hubs, and switches.
Ring Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
Maksudujjaman submitted a lab report for their Computer Networks course. The report details an experiment setting up a ring topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and other switches, and assigning IP addresses of 192.168.0.1-4 with a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask to the four computers. The objective was to create a ring-shaped network connecting computers through a single cable and switches.
Bus Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document is a lab report submitted by Maksudujjaman for the Computer Networks Laboratory course at City University, Dhaka. It details an experiment on setting up a bus topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and to each other, and configuring IP addresses from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.8 for 8 PCs on the network. The objective was to create a bus topology network and configure the IP settings.
Star Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
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Hub, switch, router, bridge & and repeater
1. Pranab Bandhu Nath
(Senior Lecturer)
Department of CSE
City University, Dhaka.
Name : Maksudujjaman
ID : 1915002517
Batch : 50
th
Semester : Summer’21
Program : B.Sc. in CSE
Submitted By :
CITY UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
CSE 317 Computer Networks, Summer’21
Supervised By :
This note contains detailed description about Hub, Switch, Router, Bridge and Repeater
Course Code: CSE 317
Course Title : Computer Networks
ABSTACT:
2. Hub, Switch, Router, Bridge and Repeater
Hub:
A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for
example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data
packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, the collision domain of all hosts connected through
Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out the best path for data packets which leads
to inefficiencies and wastage.
Types of Hub-
o Active Hub:
These are the hubs that have their own power supply and can clean, boost, and relay the signal along
with the network. It serves both as a repeater as well as a wiring center. These are used to extend the
maximum distance between nodes.
o Passive Hub :
These are the hubs that collect wiring from nodes and power supply from the active hub. These hubs
relay signals onto the network without cleaning and boosting them and can’t be used to extend the
distance between nodes.
o Intelligent Hub :
It works like active hubs and includes remote management capabilities. They also provide flexible
data rates to network devices. It also enables an administrator to monitor the traffic passing through
the hub and to configure each port in the hub.
3. Switch:
Switch is a network device that connects other devices to Ethernet networks through twisted pair cables. It
uses packet switching technique to receive, store and forward data packets on the network. The switch maintains
a list of network addresses of all the devices connected to it.
On receiving a packet, it checks the destination address and transmits the packet to the correct port. Before
forwarding, the packets are checked for collision and other network errors. The data is transmitted in full duplex
mode
Data transmission speed in switches can be double that of other network devices like hubs used for networking.
This is because switch shares its maximum speed with all the devices connected to it. This helps in maintaining
network speed even during high traffic. In fact, higher data speeds are achieved on networks through use of
multiple switches.
Router:
A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. The router is mainly a
Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating
routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast domains
of hosts connected through it.
4. Brouter:
It is also known as bridging router is a device which combines features of both bridge and router. It can work
either at data link layer or at network layer. Working as router, it is capable of routing packets across networks
and working as bridge, it is capable of filtering local area network traffic.
Bridge:
Bridge is used to divide a large network into smaller segments. Basic functions of the Bridge are the following:
o Breaking a large network into smaller segments.
o Connecting different media types. Such as connects UTP with the fiber optic.
o Connecting different network architectures. Such as connects Ethernet with the Token ring.
5. A Bridge can connect two different types of media or network architecture, but it cannot connect two different
types of network layer protocol such as TCP/IP or IPX. Bridge requires the same network layer protocol in all
segments.
There are three types of Bridge:
Local Bridge: This Bridge connects two LAN segments directly. In Ethernet Implementation, it is known as the
Transparent Bridge. In Token Ring network, it is called the Source-Routed Bridge.
Remote Bridge: This Bridge connects with another Bridge over the WAN link.
Wireless Bridge: This Bridge connects with another Bridge without using wires. It uses radio signals for the
connectivity.
Repeater:
A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the
signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the
same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the
signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2 port
device.
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