The document discusses government programs and schemes for rural development in India. It outlines several key programs run by the Ministry of Rural Development, including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana rural roads program, and Aajeevika National Rural Livelihoods Mission. It also provides budget figures for the Ministry of Rural Development for 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, with most funds going to programs focused on employment, rural housing, and rural infrastructure development. The document concludes that the government is implementing many programs to reduce poverty, generate employment, and improve standards of living in rural areas through initiatives like building roads, housing, healthcare, and job programs.
Despite decades of planned development and poverty eradication programs at the national and state levels, poverty continues to persist in India. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) has been a subject of lively debate, which aims at the ‘right to work’ enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household who volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was approved by the Indian Parliament in September 2005. It was renamed as ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ on 2-10-2009. This Act started functioning from 2nd Feb.2006. Initially it was introduced in 200 districts of the country and later extended to all districts in the country. The main aim of this Act is to enhance the purchasing power of rural people. World Development Report 2014 termed it a "stellar example of rural development" and noted economist Amartya Sen also said it is a good Scheme for employment generation in rural areas, but it has to be reformed. This Paper is an attempt to present a review of the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - With Special Reference to Telangana State.
The document summarizes the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program launched by the Government of India. The key points are:
1) SGSY aims to bring families living below the poverty line above it by providing income-generating assets through bank credit and government subsidies.
2) It focuses on a group approach and forming self-help groups, as well as identifying clusters of economic activities.
3) Implementation involves organizing the rural poor into self-help groups, providing training and assets, and linking groups to credit and marketing support.
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) aims to guarantee 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It provides manual work such as water conservation and irrigation projects. Over 50 million rural households received employment in 2012-13, generating 230.5 crore person days of work. The scheme emphasizes increasing rural wages and financial inclusion. It has disproportionately benefited marginalized groups like women, SCs and STs. NREGA works focus on regenerating natural resources through activities like water conservation, afforestation and drought proofing.
This document discusses dimensions of agricultural extension and rural development. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people, especially the poor. Rural development is seen as multi-disciplinary, involving agriculture, social sciences, management and more. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards through sustainable utilization of natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure.
Poverty Alleviation Programmes; Area Development Programmes; Women Development Programmes; Agricultural Development Programmes Implemented By State Department Of Agriculture
NGOs play an important role in rural development by filling gaps left by governments and helping communities through activities like literacy programs, healthcare, marketing local products, and advocacy. They work at the grassroots level on specific issues and projects, but sometimes lack coordination, transparency, and long-term funding. Effective NGOs collaborate with governments and local institutions to advance community interests through community involvement, tailored development programs, and holding stakeholders accountable.
Despite decades of planned development and poverty eradication programs at the national and state levels, poverty continues to persist in India. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) has been a subject of lively debate, which aims at the ‘right to work’ enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household who volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was approved by the Indian Parliament in September 2005. It was renamed as ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ on 2-10-2009. This Act started functioning from 2nd Feb.2006. Initially it was introduced in 200 districts of the country and later extended to all districts in the country. The main aim of this Act is to enhance the purchasing power of rural people. World Development Report 2014 termed it a "stellar example of rural development" and noted economist Amartya Sen also said it is a good Scheme for employment generation in rural areas, but it has to be reformed. This Paper is an attempt to present a review of the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - With Special Reference to Telangana State.
The document summarizes the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program launched by the Government of India. The key points are:
1) SGSY aims to bring families living below the poverty line above it by providing income-generating assets through bank credit and government subsidies.
2) It focuses on a group approach and forming self-help groups, as well as identifying clusters of economic activities.
3) Implementation involves organizing the rural poor into self-help groups, providing training and assets, and linking groups to credit and marketing support.
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) aims to guarantee 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It provides manual work such as water conservation and irrigation projects. Over 50 million rural households received employment in 2012-13, generating 230.5 crore person days of work. The scheme emphasizes increasing rural wages and financial inclusion. It has disproportionately benefited marginalized groups like women, SCs and STs. NREGA works focus on regenerating natural resources through activities like water conservation, afforestation and drought proofing.
This document discusses dimensions of agricultural extension and rural development. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people, especially the poor. Rural development is seen as multi-disciplinary, involving agriculture, social sciences, management and more. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards through sustainable utilization of natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure.
Poverty Alleviation Programmes; Area Development Programmes; Women Development Programmes; Agricultural Development Programmes Implemented By State Department Of Agriculture
NGOs play an important role in rural development by filling gaps left by governments and helping communities through activities like literacy programs, healthcare, marketing local products, and advocacy. They work at the grassroots level on specific issues and projects, but sometimes lack coordination, transparency, and long-term funding. Effective NGOs collaborate with governments and local institutions to advance community interests through community involvement, tailored development programs, and holding stakeholders accountable.
The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture in India. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public and private entities to deliver a service, where both parties share risks and rewards. Common PPP models in India include Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) models for infrastructure projects. PPPs in agriculture are needed due to India's growing population and food demands, slow agricultural growth rate, and need for private sector investment in seeds, mechanization, and irrigation to boost the sector.
The document discusses the importance of farmer organizations for empowering farmers, accessing services, and influencing policies. It provides examples of different types of farmer organizations in various Indian states and the roles they play in providing services to members like access to inputs, credit, marketing, and training. Farmer organizations are seen as important for strengthening farmer participation in extension activities and development programs.
The document provides an overview of the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program in India. Key points include:
1) SGSY was established in 1999 by combining several existing rural employment programs. Its goals are to reduce poverty and generate self-employment opportunities through micro-enterprises.
2) The program focuses on organizing the rural poor into self-help groups (SHGs) which receive training and funding to start small businesses. Infrastructure development and identifying key local industries are also priorities.
3) SHGs go through stages of formation, stabilization, obtaining microcredit, and developing micro-enterprises. They are expected to help empower women and
The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960 with Ford Foundation assistance to rapidly increase agricultural production in pilot districts. It aimed to concentrate financial, technical, and administrative resources to achieve a self-sustaining increase in productivity. The program was initially implemented in 140 blocks across 7 states and later expanded. Key activities included supplying credit, inputs, marketing support, infrastructure, and education. Implementation involved preparatory and operational phases with farm and village planning. The program was financed through contributions from Ford Foundation, GOI, and state governments and evaluated for effectiveness. Significant achievements included improved productivity benefiting farmers while limitations included a narrow scope and over-reliance on external resources.
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a family of approaches and methods to enable rural people to share, enhance & analyze their knowledge of life & conditions, to plan & to act. Also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).these slides will help you to understand the concept behind the PRA tools used in the extension surveys, to acquaint themselves with the knowlegde of village, town or area of interest.
This document discusses rural development in India through rural industrialization. It outlines several problems with rural development programs in India, including inadequate funding, resources, and training for implementation. Rural industrialization is presented as a strategy to promote rural development by encouraging small and cottage industries in rural areas to generate local employment and utilize local resources. The advantages of rural industrialization include low capital costs, catering to local demand to reduce transaction costs, and job creation. Issues that need to be addressed include formulating an rural industrial policy, promoting decentralization, ensuring appropriate technologies and industries, developing rural employment, organizational challenges, technology gaps, and promoting entrepreneurial skills.
Rural social structure,Social change and continuityRoshan Pant
Rural sociology studies various aspects of rural life and society. It examines rural social structures, institutions, and patterns of life. Some key points of the document include:
- Rural sociology analyzes rural communities, social organizations, reconstruction efforts, and the relationship between rural and urban areas. It aims to understand rural problems and make rural populations more self-sufficient.
- The methods used in rural sociology include structural-functional analysis of social institutions, regional approaches studying large geographical units, comparative analysis of different villages, participatory fieldwork, and social surveys.
- There is no clear distinction between rural and urban areas. Over time, as villages develop industries and infrastructure, the differences between rural and urban
The document summarizes the Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), the Indian government's rural housing program. IAY was launched in 1985 to provide shelter to rural families below the poverty line. It aims to fulfill the basic need of housing for the rural poor. The program allots each eligible family a financial grant of Rs. 45,000-75,000 for new home construction depending on the region. Priority is given to scheduled castes/tribes, widows, bonded laborers, and families affected by natural disasters. While IAY has helped construct millions of homes, the number of new homes has declined in recent years despite increased funding targets.
The document summarizes India's National Agriculture Policy from 2000. The policy aims to accelerate growth in the agriculture sector to over 4% annually, achieve equitable growth across regions and farmers, and maximize benefits from agricultural exports. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve the policy's goals, including national policies on cooperation, seeds, and extension. Food grain production reached a record 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 due to macro-management planning and regional strategies. Technology missions have also been launched to develop horticulture and coconut.
The document discusses the history and evolution of agricultural extension in India from the 1960s onwards. It describes early programs like the Package Programme launched in 1960 to increase food production and economic wellbeing. This was followed by the Area Approach program in 1964 targeting over 1000 blocks across India. Later programs included the Technology Assessment and Refinement Program to generate appropriate technologies for small farms, wasteland development initiatives starting in 1973, and the World Bank aided National Agricultural Technology Project from 1998 to improve research and dissemination.
Diversification of agriculture productionVaibhav verma
Diversification in agriculture involves allocating resources like land, capital and labor to new crops or non-farm activities. This helps reduce risk and respond to changing demands and policies. Factors leading to diversification include reducing risk, responding to consumer or policy changes, and adapting to external shocks like climate change. Diversification can involve shifting to higher-value crops or transforming the workforce to activities like livestock, fisheries or non-agriculture. This provides more income opportunities for rural farmers.
co-operatives are financial institutions. there are many cooperatives established in Nepal. this slide explain all the issues and different co operatives in Nepal and their performance.
MGNREGA An Overview include all the basic information related to MGNREGA like its introduction, timeline of MGNREGA, It's salient features, Stakeholders associated with MGNREGA. Also include the performance and impact of MGNREGA on different issues like on Agriculture, on socio-economic of tribal people, on wage rates in agriculture, on women empowerment etc.
To get full detailed description about the topic contact me on alkesh.patel.2711@gmail.com
This document discusses rural development, defining it as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities. It notes several key aspects of rural development including poverty reduction, basic infrastructure and services, employment generation, and transitioning rural communities from traditional to progressive ways of living. The document also outlines various approaches, objectives, policies, components, and strategies for rural development in India with a focus on economic, social, and human capital development.
The document summarizes several early rural development projects in India prior to independence in 1947. It describes projects started by individuals like Sir Daniel Hamilton's 1903 scheme of rural reconstruction in West Bengal. It also outlines government-led initiatives like the 1920 Gurgaon experiment in Punjab and the 1946 Firka Development Program in Madras. The objectives of these early efforts included increasing agricultural production, promoting education and sanitation, and improving economic and social conditions of rural communities.
This ppt is regarding the rural development scheme/program for development rural roads or connectivity of rural villages with all types of road to main roads or district roads by the government of India
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture in India. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public agencies and private sector entities that share skills, assets, risks, and rewards. PPPs are needed in Indian agriculture to address issues like slow growth, limited resources, and the need for new technologies. The benefits of PPPs include modernizing agriculture, benefiting small farmers, and bringing more efficiency. Examples provided include projects partnering the government with private companies on issues like improving maize farming and creating agricultural value chains. Challenges of PPPs include misaligned goals between sectors and high risks for private investors. Overall PPPs have potential to boost Indian agriculture if transparency and incentives
Dynamics of Rural Development Programmes in Uttar Pradeshinventionjournals
The Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state, majority of population live in rural areas. This situation comprises of widespread unemployment, low standard of living, inadequate productive skill and malnutrition. Rural development always has been an important issue in all discussions pertaining to economic development, especially of developing countries. The rural development programme is a key device for progress of rural area in Uttar Pradesh. This paper makes an attempt to measure actual performance and Government’s initiatives to accelerate the process of rural development through rural development programme in Uttar Pradesh.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture in India. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public and private entities to deliver a service, where both parties share risks and rewards. Common PPP models in India include Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) models for infrastructure projects. PPPs in agriculture are needed due to India's growing population and food demands, slow agricultural growth rate, and need for private sector investment in seeds, mechanization, and irrigation to boost the sector.
The document discusses the importance of farmer organizations for empowering farmers, accessing services, and influencing policies. It provides examples of different types of farmer organizations in various Indian states and the roles they play in providing services to members like access to inputs, credit, marketing, and training. Farmer organizations are seen as important for strengthening farmer participation in extension activities and development programs.
The document provides an overview of the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program in India. Key points include:
1) SGSY was established in 1999 by combining several existing rural employment programs. Its goals are to reduce poverty and generate self-employment opportunities through micro-enterprises.
2) The program focuses on organizing the rural poor into self-help groups (SHGs) which receive training and funding to start small businesses. Infrastructure development and identifying key local industries are also priorities.
3) SHGs go through stages of formation, stabilization, obtaining microcredit, and developing micro-enterprises. They are expected to help empower women and
The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960 with Ford Foundation assistance to rapidly increase agricultural production in pilot districts. It aimed to concentrate financial, technical, and administrative resources to achieve a self-sustaining increase in productivity. The program was initially implemented in 140 blocks across 7 states and later expanded. Key activities included supplying credit, inputs, marketing support, infrastructure, and education. Implementation involved preparatory and operational phases with farm and village planning. The program was financed through contributions from Ford Foundation, GOI, and state governments and evaluated for effectiveness. Significant achievements included improved productivity benefiting farmers while limitations included a narrow scope and over-reliance on external resources.
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a family of approaches and methods to enable rural people to share, enhance & analyze their knowledge of life & conditions, to plan & to act. Also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).these slides will help you to understand the concept behind the PRA tools used in the extension surveys, to acquaint themselves with the knowlegde of village, town or area of interest.
This document discusses rural development in India through rural industrialization. It outlines several problems with rural development programs in India, including inadequate funding, resources, and training for implementation. Rural industrialization is presented as a strategy to promote rural development by encouraging small and cottage industries in rural areas to generate local employment and utilize local resources. The advantages of rural industrialization include low capital costs, catering to local demand to reduce transaction costs, and job creation. Issues that need to be addressed include formulating an rural industrial policy, promoting decentralization, ensuring appropriate technologies and industries, developing rural employment, organizational challenges, technology gaps, and promoting entrepreneurial skills.
Rural social structure,Social change and continuityRoshan Pant
Rural sociology studies various aspects of rural life and society. It examines rural social structures, institutions, and patterns of life. Some key points of the document include:
- Rural sociology analyzes rural communities, social organizations, reconstruction efforts, and the relationship between rural and urban areas. It aims to understand rural problems and make rural populations more self-sufficient.
- The methods used in rural sociology include structural-functional analysis of social institutions, regional approaches studying large geographical units, comparative analysis of different villages, participatory fieldwork, and social surveys.
- There is no clear distinction between rural and urban areas. Over time, as villages develop industries and infrastructure, the differences between rural and urban
The document summarizes the Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), the Indian government's rural housing program. IAY was launched in 1985 to provide shelter to rural families below the poverty line. It aims to fulfill the basic need of housing for the rural poor. The program allots each eligible family a financial grant of Rs. 45,000-75,000 for new home construction depending on the region. Priority is given to scheduled castes/tribes, widows, bonded laborers, and families affected by natural disasters. While IAY has helped construct millions of homes, the number of new homes has declined in recent years despite increased funding targets.
The document summarizes India's National Agriculture Policy from 2000. The policy aims to accelerate growth in the agriculture sector to over 4% annually, achieve equitable growth across regions and farmers, and maximize benefits from agricultural exports. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve the policy's goals, including national policies on cooperation, seeds, and extension. Food grain production reached a record 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 due to macro-management planning and regional strategies. Technology missions have also been launched to develop horticulture and coconut.
The document discusses the history and evolution of agricultural extension in India from the 1960s onwards. It describes early programs like the Package Programme launched in 1960 to increase food production and economic wellbeing. This was followed by the Area Approach program in 1964 targeting over 1000 blocks across India. Later programs included the Technology Assessment and Refinement Program to generate appropriate technologies for small farms, wasteland development initiatives starting in 1973, and the World Bank aided National Agricultural Technology Project from 1998 to improve research and dissemination.
Diversification of agriculture productionVaibhav verma
Diversification in agriculture involves allocating resources like land, capital and labor to new crops or non-farm activities. This helps reduce risk and respond to changing demands and policies. Factors leading to diversification include reducing risk, responding to consumer or policy changes, and adapting to external shocks like climate change. Diversification can involve shifting to higher-value crops or transforming the workforce to activities like livestock, fisheries or non-agriculture. This provides more income opportunities for rural farmers.
co-operatives are financial institutions. there are many cooperatives established in Nepal. this slide explain all the issues and different co operatives in Nepal and their performance.
MGNREGA An Overview include all the basic information related to MGNREGA like its introduction, timeline of MGNREGA, It's salient features, Stakeholders associated with MGNREGA. Also include the performance and impact of MGNREGA on different issues like on Agriculture, on socio-economic of tribal people, on wage rates in agriculture, on women empowerment etc.
To get full detailed description about the topic contact me on alkesh.patel.2711@gmail.com
This document discusses rural development, defining it as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities. It notes several key aspects of rural development including poverty reduction, basic infrastructure and services, employment generation, and transitioning rural communities from traditional to progressive ways of living. The document also outlines various approaches, objectives, policies, components, and strategies for rural development in India with a focus on economic, social, and human capital development.
The document summarizes several early rural development projects in India prior to independence in 1947. It describes projects started by individuals like Sir Daniel Hamilton's 1903 scheme of rural reconstruction in West Bengal. It also outlines government-led initiatives like the 1920 Gurgaon experiment in Punjab and the 1946 Firka Development Program in Madras. The objectives of these early efforts included increasing agricultural production, promoting education and sanitation, and improving economic and social conditions of rural communities.
This ppt is regarding the rural development scheme/program for development rural roads or connectivity of rural villages with all types of road to main roads or district roads by the government of India
This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture in India. It defines PPPs as contractual agreements between public agencies and private sector entities that share skills, assets, risks, and rewards. PPPs are needed in Indian agriculture to address issues like slow growth, limited resources, and the need for new technologies. The benefits of PPPs include modernizing agriculture, benefiting small farmers, and bringing more efficiency. Examples provided include projects partnering the government with private companies on issues like improving maize farming and creating agricultural value chains. Challenges of PPPs include misaligned goals between sectors and high risks for private investors. Overall PPPs have potential to boost Indian agriculture if transparency and incentives
Dynamics of Rural Development Programmes in Uttar Pradeshinventionjournals
The Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state, majority of population live in rural areas. This situation comprises of widespread unemployment, low standard of living, inadequate productive skill and malnutrition. Rural development always has been an important issue in all discussions pertaining to economic development, especially of developing countries. The rural development programme is a key device for progress of rural area in Uttar Pradesh. This paper makes an attempt to measure actual performance and Government’s initiatives to accelerate the process of rural development through rural development programme in Uttar Pradesh.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was launched in 1978 with the aim of providing employment opportunities and improving living conditions for rural families below the poverty line. It provides subsidies and loans to target groups for self-employment opportunities. Beneficiaries include small farmers, laborers, artisans, and scheduled castes/tribes with annual incomes below Rs. 11,000. The program is implemented through District Rural Development Agencies at the district level and block staff at local levels, with oversight from state and central government bodies. It aims to empower the rural poor through livelihood generation and linking beneficiaries to other government schemes.
The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was launched in 1978 with the aim of providing employment opportunities and improving living conditions for rural families below the poverty line. It provides subsidies and loans to target groups for self-employment opportunities. Beneficiaries include small farmers, laborers, artisans, and scheduled castes/tribes with annual income below Rs. 11,000. Implementation is done through District Rural Development Agencies at the district level and block staff at local levels, with oversight from state and central government bodies. The program funds projects in key areas like basic services, behavior change communication, safe drinking water, and building capacity of local governments.
The document discusses rural development in India. It outlines how the concept of rural development has changed over time, from a focus on agriculture to a more holistic approach addressing quality of life. Some key challenges include high rural poverty rates, especially among scheduled castes and tribes. The document then discusses various government programs and approaches over the decades to promote rural development, community development, empowering local governments, and more recent programs focusing on employment, infrastructure, housing, and social services.
Rural development aims to improve livelihoods in rural areas through comprehensive development. It focuses on improving quality of life and economic well-being for rural populations. Key indicators of rural development include social well-being, economic structure and performance, and population trends. Bangladesh has undertaken various rural development initiatives since the 1950s through programs targeting agriculture, education, infrastructure, and more. Current challenges to rural development in Bangladesh include rapid population growth, unemployment, lack of education, underdeveloped infrastructure, and shortage of entrepreneurs.
Rural development in India has changed focus over time from agricultural development to a more inclusive approach addressing quality of life factors like health, education, and gender equality. Key challenges include high rural poverty rates, undernutrition, and dependence on small-scale farming. Current programs aim to boost rural employment and infrastructure through initiatives like NREGA, Bharat Nirman, and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, as well as provide social services and assistance through schemes like the National Social Assistance Programme and Indira Awas Yojana. Decentralized planning through strengthened panchayati raj institutions also aims to better address local needs.
A Conceptual Model of Rural Development IndexAI Publications
Rural Areas are deprived of basic amenities such as access to drinking water, electricity, toilets and sewage systems giving rise to unhygienic conditions in the rural areas. Lack of healthcare facility in terms of infrastructure and staff has aggravated problems of health leading to infant mortality, death of pregnant mothers, decreased average life span in rural areas. Poor quality of teaching fraternity and non availability of infrastructure are major reason for illiteracy and unemployment. Non-agricultural income such as animal husbandry, sericulture and vocational trainings that supplement the agricultural income that needs to be focused. Mechanization should be the priority in enhancing agricultural yield followed by storage and transportation facility to the market in raising agricultural income. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides due to lack of knowledge among farmers contribute to water as well as air pollution deteriorating the environment. The disposable income spent on cultural aspects needs to be taken into consideration in assessing the status of the rural area. There is a need to assess rural areas from five dimensions such as economic, education, health, environment and disposable income in understanding present level of development in rural areas. Cause and effect diagram is established contributing to the development of specified domains. The conceptual index is a composition of Result Index and Cause Index. This distinction aids in examining the result index to measure the current level of rural development and cause index to evaluate the process of rural development for policy makers in identifying the areas of improvement in the overall development of the rural area.
Rural development aims to improve the livelihoods and economic well-being of rural populations. It traditionally focused on agriculture but now also emphasizes education, entrepreneurship, infrastructure and social development. The objectives of rural development are to increase productivity, employment, incomes, health and create new jobs while improving other services. Rural development is important for countries like Bangladesh where most people live in rural areas and the rural economy contributes significantly to GDP. Key elements of rural development in Bangladesh include poverty alleviation, equitable distribution of income/wealth, employment opportunities and local community participation.
This document discusses the changing nature of rural livelihoods in India. It notes that while India's economy has grown, poverty and hunger remain problems, especially in rural areas. Agriculture's share of GDP and employment has declined as industry and services have grown. There has been a shift from staple crops to more cash crops, which has contributed to food insecurity. Rural livelihoods now involve a variety of activities beyond just agriculture due to these economic changes.
The central government is the welfare government that is why its social welfare schemes are made to increase the welfare of the general public. Schemes of the Central Government have three categories. These categories are “Core of Core Schemes”, “Core Schemes” and Major Central Sector Schemes.
Administrative Reforms Important Committees and Commissions; Rural Development: Institutions,
agencies and programmes; Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment; Urban Local
Government: Municipal governance; 74th Constitutional Amendment; National Police Commission;
Investigative agencies; Reforms in Police.National Human Rights Commission; Disaster
management; Emerging issues and challenges to Indian administration
Inclusive Growth is more of a populist agenda.Saikat Dastidar
The document discusses India's progress toward inclusive growth through various government programs and initiatives. It summarizes the government's role in sectors like agriculture, education, employment, health, financial services, and rural infrastructure. Key programs highlighted include MGNREGA, NRHM, education schemes, and agricultural reforms. It also notes contributions from NGOs, private companies, and their public-private partnerships in furthering inclusive development. Overall, the document outlines India's extensive efforts to enhance social development and bring more people out of poverty through inclusive growth-focused policies and collaborations across different sectors.
This document discusses developing rural finance in India. It examines various rural financial programs implemented by institutions like NABARD, IFAD, and SHC. The paper investigates the impact of these programs on rural development and income distribution. Rural finance is important as it provides credit, savings, and insurance services to rural populations. However, access to formal financial services remains limited in rural areas of India. The paper aims to analyze existing rural finance models and their role in developing India's rural economy.
The document discusses localizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the local self government level of Gram Panchayats in India. It outlines 17 SDGs and their 169 targets covering social and economic development issues. The document emphasizes that while the SDGs are global and national targets, local community action is essential for their achievement. Gram Panchayats are well positioned to design and implement locally relevant policies aligned with local priorities to work towards the SDGs. The document also discusses how Gram Panchayat Development Plans can be aligned with and help achieve the SDGs through setting local targets and indicators.
Rural poverty persists in India due to limited access to resources like land, water, credit, and technology as well as low levels of education. Government programs have taken different approaches to promoting rural livelihoods and reducing poverty, such as supporting local governments and integrated development agencies. They focus on increasing incomes and building assets by improving natural resource management, supporting self-help groups, and expanding access to services and markets. However, widespread poverty remains a challenge, with over 200 million rural people below the poverty line.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEROHANRohan23
This document discusses several key rural development programs and schemes run by the Indian government. It begins with providing context on the importance of agriculture and rural development in India given that a majority of the population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture. It then summarizes the objectives and key aspects of various central government schemes related to rural employment guarantee, rural connectivity, education, health, livelihoods, social security, housing and rural infrastructure development. The overall aim of these schemes is to improve livelihood opportunities and quality of life in rural India.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is an agency of the Government of India responsible for urban poverty, housing, and employment programs. It is involved in national policy decisions and coordinates with Indian central ministries, state governments, and central sponsor programs. The Ministry was created in 2004 after splitting it from the Ministry of Urban Development. The government, in 2017, merged the urban development and housing and urban poverty alleviation ministries as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The Government of India has launched various programs since its independence, such as some of the five year plans, to alleviate poverty and address the widening income gap, both, amongst the upper and lower classes of society, and amongst the rural and urban parts of the country. For instance, the "Eighth Plan policy guidelines envisages integrated approach to alleviation of urban poverty and servicing the urban poor with basic facilities so that their quality of life improves. The scheme could not help in preventing growth of new slums.
While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance over the long-run still remains to be seen. The shortsightedness of the Indian government often leads it to launch populist programs that may not necessarily work well. Low-hanging fruit like increasing worker's minimum wage can go a long way in achieving the goal of poverty alleviation, but are yet to be taken up in spite of reminders from leading economists.
This document discusses urban bias and its role as a major impediment to rural development in developing nations. Urban bias refers to policies that disproportionately favor urban areas over rural areas, such as investment, tax, and pricing policies influenced by urban elites. This skewed allocation of resources stunts rural development and perpetuates disparities. While other factors like unemployment, low incomes, and sociocultural traditions also impact rural development, the document argues that urban bias is a primary cause of underdevelopment in rural areas due to discriminatory policies that promote urban growth at the expense of rural regions.
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Government Programmes and Schemes For Rural Development
1. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 1 | P a g e
Government Programmes and Schemes For Rural Development
Mr. Dignesh S. Panchasara
Department of Commerce and Business Management,
Faculty of Commerce,
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Dr. Umesh R. Dangarwala
Head of the Department,
Department of Commerce and Business Management,
Faculty of Commerce,
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Abstract: There are no universal approaches to develop rural areas. It is a choice influenced
by time, space and culture. Only the term Rural Development has worked, to improve the quality
of life of rural peoples. In this sense, it is a comprehensive and multidimensional concept, and
encompasses the development of agriculture and allied activities, village and cottage industries
and crafts, infrastructure, community services and facilities and human resources in rural areas.
As a phenomenon, rural development is the end-result of interactions between various physical,
technological, economic, social, cultural and institutional factors. As a strategy, it is designed to
improve the economic and social wellbeing of a specific group of people – the rural poor. As a
discipline, it is multi-disciplinary in nature, representing an intersection of agriculture, social,
behavioural, engineering and management sciences.
Rural development has been an important issue in all discussions pertaining to economic
development, especially of developing countries, throughout the world. Over 3.5 billion people
live in the Asia and Pacific region and some 63% of them in rural areas. Although millions of
rural people have escaped poverty as a result of rural development in many Asian countries, a
large majority of rural people continue to suffer from persistent poverty. The socio-economic
disparities between rural and urban areas are widening and creating tremendous pressure on
the social and economic fabric of many developing Asian economies.
Country like India is depending on agriculture, so it is very important to improve the rural and
agriculture sector. To improve the rural sector the ministry of rural development has been
working as a pioneer pillar.
Keywords: Rural development, Agriculture development, Multidimensional Concept, ministry
of rural development.
Introduction:
Rural Development in India is one of the most important factors for the growth of the Indian economy. India
is primarily an agriculture based country. Agriculture contributes nearly one fifth of the gross domestic
product in India. In order to increase the growth of agriculture, the Government has planned several
programs pertaining to Rural Development in India. The Ministry of Rural Development in India is the apex
body for formulating policies, regulations and acts pertaining to the development of the rural sector.
Agriculture, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, and diary are the primary contributors to the rural business and
economy.
Rural development in India has witnessed several changes over the years in its emphasis, approaches,
strategies and programmes. It has assumed a new dimension and perspectives as a consequence. Just as
implementation is the touchstone for planning, people's participation is the centrepiece in rural development.
People's participation is one of the foremost prerequisites of development process both from procedural and
philosophical perspectives. For the development planners and administrators it is important to solicit the
participation of differentgroups of rural people, to make the plans participatory.
2. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 2 | P a g e
Aims and Objectives: Rural development aims at improving rural people’s livelihoods in an equitable and
sustainable manner, both socially and environmentally, through better access to assets (natural, physical,
human, technological and social capital), and services, and control over productive capital (in its financial or
economic and political forms) that enable them to improve their livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable
basis. The basic objectives of Rural Development Programmes have been alleviation of poverty and
unemployment through creation of basic social and economic infrastructure, provision of training to rural
unemployed youth and providing employment to marginal Farmers/Labourers to discourage seasonal and
permanent migration to urban areas.
Research Methodology:
Objectives of the study:
To understand the government programmes and schemes for rural development.
To study the budget of 2015-2016 of Ministry of Rural Development.
To study various schemes names and the benefits of the schemes.
Scope of the study:
This study provides the information of the government projects and schemes for rural
development and also helps to know the government initiatives to develop the rural areas.
Data sources:
In this research study only the secondary data has been collected from websites, newspapers,
journals and government reports.
Role and function of the Government:
The Government's policy and programmes have laid emphasis on poverty alleviation, generation of
employment and income opportunities and provision of infrastructure and basic facilities to meet the needs
of rural peoples. The introduction of Bharat Nirman, a project by the Government of India in collaboration
with the State Governments and the Panchayati Raj Institutions is a major step towards the improvement of
the rural sector. The Ministry of Rural Development in India is the apex body for formulating policies,
regulations and acts pertaining to the development of the rural sector. The National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005 was introduced by the Ministry of Rural Development, for improving the living
conditions and its sustenance in the rural sector of India. Agriculture, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, and
diary are the primary contributors to the rural business and economy. The Ministry of Rural Development in
India is engaged in legislations for the social and economic improvement of the rural populace.
The ministry consists of three departments viz.
Department of Rural Development,
Department of Land Resources and
Department of Drinking Water Supply.
3. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 3 | P a g e
Under the department of rural development, there are three autonomous bodies viz., Council for
Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology (CAPART), National Institute of Rural
Development (NIRD) and National Rural Road Development Agency (NRRDA). The objective of the
ministry can broadly be elaborated as to encourage, promote and assist voluntary action in the
implementation of projects for the enhancement of rural prosperity, strengthen and promote voluntary efforts
in rural development with focus on injecting new technological inputs, act as the national nodal point for
coordination of all efforts at generation and dissemination of technologies relevant to rural development in
its wide sense and assist and promote programmes aimed at conservation of the environment and natural
resources.
However, various ministries in the central government are engaged directly or indirectly for implementation
of many programmes and schemes for the development of rural areas like Ministries of Agriculture, Health
and Family Welfare, New and Renewable Energy, Science and Technology, Women and Child
Development and Tribal affairs etc. In addition, to strengthen the grass root level democracy, the
Government is constantly endeavouring to empower Panchayat Raj Institutions in terms of functions,
powers and finance. Gram Sabha, NGOs, Self Help Groups and Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) have been
accorded adequate roles to make participatory democracy meaningful and effective.
Programmesand Schemesof the Government for Rural Development:
The main objective of rural development has been to remove poverty of the people and fill the widest gap
between rich and poor. There are several programmes and schemes have been launched by the central and
state governments for the rural people. A few of them have been listed below.
Now recently in 2015, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) has been launched
by the honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The government plans to invest ₹756
billion (US$11 billion) for rural electrification under this scheme. The scheme will replace the
existing Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). The DDUGJY scheme will enable
to initiate much awaited reforms in the rural areas. It focuses on feeder separation (rural households
& agricultural) and strengthening of sub-transmission & distribution infrastructure including
metering at all levels in rural areas.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guaranty Act 2005 provides enhancement of
livelihood security, giving at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year
to every household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission(NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural
Development, Government of India in June 2011. NRLM has set out with an agenda to cover 7 Cr.
rural poor households, across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lacs Gram Panchayats and 6 lacs
villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and
support them for livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
4. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 4 | P a g e
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25thDecember 2000 as a fully
funded Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the
country. This involves construction of about 3.71lacs km. of roads for New Connectivity and 3.68
lacs km. under upgradation. This project has been constructed total 4,53,367 km roads all over in
India, the total amount has been spent Rs. 1,32,43,459.020 lacs by central government.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is gearing up to launch the latest social sector programme: to bridge
the gap between the cities and the villages on infrastructure. The Shyama Prasad Mukherji
Rurban (rural-urban) mission was announced last year to replace the UPA government’s PURA
(provision of urban amenities in rural areas) initiative. The original Rurban (Rural-Urban)
programme was launched in Gujarat in 2012 during Modi’s tenure as chief minister.
The Finance Minister announced in the budget speech of 2014-15 that “I also propose to set up a
“Start-up village Entrepreneurship Programme” for encouraging rural youth to take up local
entrepreneurship programs. I am providing an initial sum of 100 Cr. for this”. The proposed
Programme is to be implemented under National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). Start-up
village Entrepreneurship Programme will initially support creating and strengthening of 1,82,200
village enterprises in 125 blocks across 24 States in the country over a 5 year period from 2014-15 to
2018-19. Based on the success of this initial phase of 5 years, it will be taken up in all the blocks of
the country in sync with the roll out of N.R.L.M. This intervention has over the next 12 –15 years the
potential to reach out to and support 1.0 Cr. rural entrepreneurs and generate employment for more
than 2.0 Cr. persons
2005: National Rural Health Mission
Accessible, affordable, accountable, quality health services to the poorest of the poor on remotest
areas of the country.
Indira Awaas Yojana came in 1985-86 as a part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee
Programme (RLEGP). It was launched to provide uniformity in the policy for rural housing. Both
central and state contribute to the funds for the Yojana in the ratio of 75:25. In case of Sikkim and
North-Eastern states the funding is in the ratio of 90:10.To begins with family living below poverty
line used to get Rs 45,000 to construct a house in plain area and Rs 48,500 to construct house in hilly
and difficult area. The financial assistance has been increased to Rs 70,000 and Rs 75,000 with effect
from 1st April 2013. IAY beneficiaries can also avail loan of up to Rs 20,000 to construct a house at
an annual interest of 4%.Under Indira Awaas Yojana, 25.2 million houses have been constructed
since 1985. Rural housing is one out of six parts of Bharat Nirman Programme. Under Phase 1 of this
programme 60 lacs houses were expected to be constructed from 2005-06 to 2008-09 across the
country. By spending Rs 21720.39 Cr. 71.76 lacs houses were constructed in the same period, much
higher than the target. For the next five years starting from 2009-10 the target was doubled and kept
at 120 lacs houses. During the second phase, 85 lacs houses have been constructed in the last three
years.
5. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 5 | P a g e
Budgetof Ministryof Rural Development:
Here below the table shows the department wise Plan budget of ministry of rural development.
(Rs. in Cr.)
Sr. No. Name of the Department 2014-2015 2015-2016
1 Department of Rural Development 800043.00 71642.00
2 Department of Land and Resources 3750.00 1627.77
Total Amount 83793.00 73269.77
Source: rural.nic.in
Department of Rural Development
(Rs. in Cr.)
Sr. No. Name of the Department/Programmes 2014-2015 2015-2016
1 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 34000.00 34699.00
2 Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihood Mission 4000.00 2505.00
3 Rural Housing 16000.00 10025.00
4 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana 14391.00 14291.00
5 Grants to National Institute of Rural Development 50.00 50.00
6 Assistance to CAPART 10.00 10.00
7 Management support to RD Programmes and strengthening district
planning process
130.00 130.00
8 BPL Survey 577.00 350.00
9 National Social Assistance Programme 10635.00 9082.00
10 RURBAN Mission 100.00 300.00
11 Village Entrepreneurship 'Start-up' Programme 100.00 200.00
12 Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA) 50.00 0.00
Total Amount 800043.00 71642.00
Source: rural.nic.in
Department of Land and Resources
(Rs. in Cr.s)
Sr. No. Name of the Department/Programmes 2014-2015 2015-2016
1 Integrated Watershed Management Programme(IWMP) 3500.00 1530.00
2 National Land Records Modernisation Programme (NLRMP) 250.00 97.77
3 National Rehabilitation Policy 0.00 0.00
Total Amount 3750.00 1627.77
Source: rural.nic.in
Conclusion of the study:
The Department of Rural Development ministry is implementing a number of programmes in rural areas
through the state and central Governments for poverty reduction, employment generation, rural
infrastructure, better quality health services, and better homes to improve standard of living of rural peoples.
6. Government Programmes And Schemes For Rural Development 6 | P a g e
Reference:
Abhishek Chauhan (2014). Need of Rural Development in India for
Nation Building. Asian Mirror- International Journal of Research,
Volume I, IssueI, Page 1-8.
D. Gangopadhyay, A.K. Mukhopadhyay &PushpaSingh (2008)
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