- Three-phase induction motors require control gear like starters to control and protect the motor.
- A basic direct-on-line (DOL) starter connects the motor directly to power. It consists of contactors, overload protection, and start/stop buttons.
- A reversing DOL starter uses two contactors to reverse the motor by swapping phases.
- Induction motors draw high starting current. A star-delta starter reduces this by starting in a lower current star configuration before switching to delta.
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
DOL Motor Starter is the least complex, least expensive and most basic Starting technique.Besides, it really gives the least temperature ascend inside the engine amid start-up of all the beginning techniques.
This document discusses different types of motor starters used for AC and DC motors. It describes the necessity of starters to limit inrush current and protect motors. The main types covered are DOL, star-delta, and autotransformer starters. It provides information on their wiring diagrams, motor starting characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, suitable motor sizes and applications. Current ratings for motors used with different starters are also included.
The document discusses direct on-line (DOL) starters for three-phase induction motors. It describes how a DOL starter works by directly connecting the motor to the power supply using a contactor, and lists some key components like fuses, isolators, contactors, and overload relays. It notes that DOL starters are simple and inexpensive but produce high starting currents. The document outlines the operation of a basic DOL starter and concludes by reviewing some features like high starting torque but also high current peaks and voltage dips.
This presentation provides an introduction to switchgear. It defines switchgear as equipment used for switching, controlling, and protecting electrical circuits and equipment, consisting of devices like switches, fuses, circuit breakers, and relays. Essential features of switchgear include reliability, discrimination between faulty and healthy sections, quick operation, and provisions for manual and instrument control. Common types of switchgear equipment discussed are switches, fuses, circuit breakers, and relays.
Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase Induction Motorelprocus
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism. Due to the rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of which current starts flowing in the rotor.
This document discusses different types of starters used for three phase induction motors. It describes stator resistance, auto transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, direct online (DOL), and soft starters. Stator resistance and auto transformer starters limit starting current by adding resistance or reducing voltage. Star-delta starters initially connect the motor in star configuration and then switch to delta. Rotor resistance starters add external resistance to the rotor circuit. DOL starters connect the motor directly to full supply voltage. Soft starters use SCRs to gradually increase voltage during starting.
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
DOL Motor Starter is the least complex, least expensive and most basic Starting technique.Besides, it really gives the least temperature ascend inside the engine amid start-up of all the beginning techniques.
This document discusses different types of motor starters used for AC and DC motors. It describes the necessity of starters to limit inrush current and protect motors. The main types covered are DOL, star-delta, and autotransformer starters. It provides information on their wiring diagrams, motor starting characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, suitable motor sizes and applications. Current ratings for motors used with different starters are also included.
The document discusses direct on-line (DOL) starters for three-phase induction motors. It describes how a DOL starter works by directly connecting the motor to the power supply using a contactor, and lists some key components like fuses, isolators, contactors, and overload relays. It notes that DOL starters are simple and inexpensive but produce high starting currents. The document outlines the operation of a basic DOL starter and concludes by reviewing some features like high starting torque but also high current peaks and voltage dips.
This presentation provides an introduction to switchgear. It defines switchgear as equipment used for switching, controlling, and protecting electrical circuits and equipment, consisting of devices like switches, fuses, circuit breakers, and relays. Essential features of switchgear include reliability, discrimination between faulty and healthy sections, quick operation, and provisions for manual and instrument control. Common types of switchgear equipment discussed are switches, fuses, circuit breakers, and relays.
Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase Induction Motorelprocus
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism. Due to the rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of which current starts flowing in the rotor.
This document discusses different types of starters used for three phase induction motors. It describes stator resistance, auto transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, direct online (DOL), and soft starters. Stator resistance and auto transformer starters limit starting current by adding resistance or reducing voltage. Star-delta starters initially connect the motor in star configuration and then switch to delta. Rotor resistance starters add external resistance to the rotor circuit. DOL starters connect the motor directly to full supply voltage. Soft starters use SCRs to gradually increase voltage during starting.
Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (Mccb) & air circuit breaker (acb)Hazem El-Henawy
This document discusses Merlin Gerin's offerings of MCCBs and ACBs. For MCCBs, it introduces the Easypact range up to 100A and the Compact NS range from 100A to 3200A. For ACBs, it presents the Masterpact NT up to 1600A and Masterpact NW up to 6300A. It describes the performance, components, accessories, and control options of these circuit breaker families. It emphasizes innovations like current sensors, connectors, and Micrologic control units that provide flexibility, discrimination, and intelligence across the product lines.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
This document provides an overview of the key components of a 132kV substation, including: circuit breakers, protective relays, lightning arresters, bus bars, switches, the control room, transformers, power line carrier communication (PLCC), and remote terminal units (RTU). It describes the basic functions of these components in powering homes and businesses safely and efficiently.
1) The document discusses various types of electric motor controls including starting methods, protection devices, and operational controls. It focuses on starting methods such as across the line starting and reduced voltage starting. 2) Motor protection categories include overcurrent protection, overload protection, and other protections like low voltage, phase failure, and ground fault. Proper sizing of overcurrent devices is also covered. 3) Different types of motor starters and controllers are examined, including manual and magnetic starters as well as reduced voltage starters like primary resistance and wye-delta starters.
Training report-in-a-132-k-v-substationankesh kumar
This document provides a training report for a summer internship at the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited 132/33 kV substation in Chandauli, Barabanki, India.
The report includes an introduction to the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation and the purpose of the internship. It also provides a preface describing the learning experience and thanks to those involved.
The report then gives an acknowledgement and thanks to those who guided the internship. It provides a rough description of the Chandauli, Barabanki substation including incoming and outgoing voltages and feeders. It also includes definitions and descriptions of substations and the equipment within them.
This presentation provides an overview of power transformers. It discusses that power transformers are static machines that transform power from one circuit to another without changing frequency, and are used between generators and distribution circuits. It then describes the typical power ratings of small, medium, and large power transformers. The main components of power transformers are then outlined, including bushings, the core and winding, conservator tank, breather and silica gel, cooling tubes, tap changer, transformer oil, and Buchholz relay. The functions of these key components are explained at a high level.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
This document discusses different types of motor starters used for induction motors. It describes stator resistance, auto transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, direct online (DOL), and variable frequency drive (VFD) starters. Each type is explained in terms of its operating principle. Their advantages and disadvantages are also summarized. The document aims to educate about motor starters and the techniques used to safely start induction motors.
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
Tap changers are devices fitted to power transformers that allow for regulation of the output voltage. Voltage regulation is achieved by altering the number of turns in one winding of the transformer, which changes the transformer ratios. Tap changers offer variable control to keep the supply voltage within limits. They can be on load or off load tap changers. On load tap changers consist of a diverter switch and selector switch to transfer current between taps without interruption.
This document provides an overview of the EE2402 Protection & Switchgear course presented by C.Gokul. It includes the course syllabus, units covered, textbook references and introductory content on power system basics, components, faults, protection elements, relay terminology and essential qualities of protection systems. The key topics discussed are types of faults in power systems, importance of protective schemes, elements of a protection system including current transformers, voltage transformers, relays and circuit breakers. Neutral earthing methods with a focus on Peterson coil are also introduced.
An induction motor starter is necessary to control the starting current and torque of the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used depending on the size of the motor, including DOL, star-delta, primary resistance, and auto transformer starters. A soft starter uses electronics to gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor during starting and stopping, reducing mechanical and electrical stresses on the system.
This document provides an overview of control circuits and components for electrical machines, including DC motors and AC motors. It discusses various switch types, relays, timers, and interlocking circuits used in motor controls. For DC motors, it describes series relay starters, time acceleration starters, field failure protection, and plugging control. For AC motors, it covers DOL starters, star-delta starters, automatic transformer starters, reversing motor direction, and dynamic braking. The document is a technical report submitted by K. Venkatachalam on the topic of controlling electrical machines.
Types of starters of 3 phase induction motormpsrekha83
This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors. It describes direct online starters, star-delta starters, auto transformer starters, stator resistance starters, and rotor resistance starters. Direct online starters connect the motor directly to the power supply but can cause high starting currents. Star-delta starters start the motor in a low-torque star configuration before switching to delta. Auto transformer starters reduce the supply voltage during starting. Rotor resistance starters add external resistance to the rotor circuit to reduce starting current. Stator resistance starters add adjustable resistance in the stator windings.
Tap changers are devices fitted to power transformers that regulate output voltage levels by altering the transformer turn ratios (paragraph 1). On-load tap-changers (OLTCs) are commonly used in power grids and industries to continuously regulate voltage during operation (paragraph 2). OLTCs offer variable control to maintain supply voltage within specified limits by selecting different transformer taps, which correspond to different turn ratios and voltage outputs (paragraphs 3-5). Modern OLTCs are designed to change taps while energized since off-load tap changers interrupt power supply (paragraph 6).
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
The document discusses circuit breakers, including their technical aspects, types, fundamental characteristics, parts, and comparisons to other switching devices. It describes circuit breaker ratings like voltage, current, and short circuit levels. Common circuit breaker types include air magnetic, oil, air blast, vacuum, and SF6 gas. The document also outlines selection criteria for low and medium-high voltage switching devices and reviews circuit breaker control circuits, interlocks, and SF6 circuit breakers.
The document discusses protection schemes for transformers. It describes faults that can occur in transformers such as open circuits, overheating, and winding short circuits. It then discusses different protection systems for transformers including Buchholz relays, earth fault relays, overcurrent relays, and differential protection systems. Differential protection systems operate by comparing currents from current transformers on both sides of the transformer and tripping the circuit breaker if a difference is detected, indicating an internal fault. The combination of protection schemes provides comprehensive protection for transformers.
Three-phase induction motors require control gear like starters to safely start and stop the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used including direct-on-line starters, reversing starters, and star-delta starters. Star-delta starters help reduce high starting currents by initially connecting the motor in star configuration before switching to delta.
This document provides information about wiring diagrams for three-phase motors, including:
1. It defines common abbreviations used in wiring diagrams like L1, L2, L3 for the three phases and explains reverse-forward control using two contactors and a relay.
2. It provides details on a reverse-forward circuit that uses a forward and reverse contact on the relay to control the contactors and change the motor's direction of rotation.
3. It describes how to reverse a three-phase motor using contactors and a relay by connecting the relay contacts to the contactor coils and changing which phases are applied to the motor terminals.
Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (Mccb) & air circuit breaker (acb)Hazem El-Henawy
This document discusses Merlin Gerin's offerings of MCCBs and ACBs. For MCCBs, it introduces the Easypact range up to 100A and the Compact NS range from 100A to 3200A. For ACBs, it presents the Masterpact NT up to 1600A and Masterpact NW up to 6300A. It describes the performance, components, accessories, and control options of these circuit breaker families. It emphasizes innovations like current sensors, connectors, and Micrologic control units that provide flexibility, discrimination, and intelligence across the product lines.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
This document provides an overview of the key components of a 132kV substation, including: circuit breakers, protective relays, lightning arresters, bus bars, switches, the control room, transformers, power line carrier communication (PLCC), and remote terminal units (RTU). It describes the basic functions of these components in powering homes and businesses safely and efficiently.
1) The document discusses various types of electric motor controls including starting methods, protection devices, and operational controls. It focuses on starting methods such as across the line starting and reduced voltage starting. 2) Motor protection categories include overcurrent protection, overload protection, and other protections like low voltage, phase failure, and ground fault. Proper sizing of overcurrent devices is also covered. 3) Different types of motor starters and controllers are examined, including manual and magnetic starters as well as reduced voltage starters like primary resistance and wye-delta starters.
Training report-in-a-132-k-v-substationankesh kumar
This document provides a training report for a summer internship at the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited 132/33 kV substation in Chandauli, Barabanki, India.
The report includes an introduction to the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation and the purpose of the internship. It also provides a preface describing the learning experience and thanks to those involved.
The report then gives an acknowledgement and thanks to those who guided the internship. It provides a rough description of the Chandauli, Barabanki substation including incoming and outgoing voltages and feeders. It also includes definitions and descriptions of substations and the equipment within them.
This presentation provides an overview of power transformers. It discusses that power transformers are static machines that transform power from one circuit to another without changing frequency, and are used between generators and distribution circuits. It then describes the typical power ratings of small, medium, and large power transformers. The main components of power transformers are then outlined, including bushings, the core and winding, conservator tank, breather and silica gel, cooling tubes, tap changer, transformer oil, and Buchholz relay. The functions of these key components are explained at a high level.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
This document discusses different types of motor starters used for induction motors. It describes stator resistance, auto transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, direct online (DOL), and variable frequency drive (VFD) starters. Each type is explained in terms of its operating principle. Their advantages and disadvantages are also summarized. The document aims to educate about motor starters and the techniques used to safely start induction motors.
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
Tap changers are devices fitted to power transformers that allow for regulation of the output voltage. Voltage regulation is achieved by altering the number of turns in one winding of the transformer, which changes the transformer ratios. Tap changers offer variable control to keep the supply voltage within limits. They can be on load or off load tap changers. On load tap changers consist of a diverter switch and selector switch to transfer current between taps without interruption.
This document provides an overview of the EE2402 Protection & Switchgear course presented by C.Gokul. It includes the course syllabus, units covered, textbook references and introductory content on power system basics, components, faults, protection elements, relay terminology and essential qualities of protection systems. The key topics discussed are types of faults in power systems, importance of protective schemes, elements of a protection system including current transformers, voltage transformers, relays and circuit breakers. Neutral earthing methods with a focus on Peterson coil are also introduced.
An induction motor starter is necessary to control the starting current and torque of the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used depending on the size of the motor, including DOL, star-delta, primary resistance, and auto transformer starters. A soft starter uses electronics to gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor during starting and stopping, reducing mechanical and electrical stresses on the system.
This document provides an overview of control circuits and components for electrical machines, including DC motors and AC motors. It discusses various switch types, relays, timers, and interlocking circuits used in motor controls. For DC motors, it describes series relay starters, time acceleration starters, field failure protection, and plugging control. For AC motors, it covers DOL starters, star-delta starters, automatic transformer starters, reversing motor direction, and dynamic braking. The document is a technical report submitted by K. Venkatachalam on the topic of controlling electrical machines.
Types of starters of 3 phase induction motormpsrekha83
This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors. It describes direct online starters, star-delta starters, auto transformer starters, stator resistance starters, and rotor resistance starters. Direct online starters connect the motor directly to the power supply but can cause high starting currents. Star-delta starters start the motor in a low-torque star configuration before switching to delta. Auto transformer starters reduce the supply voltage during starting. Rotor resistance starters add external resistance to the rotor circuit to reduce starting current. Stator resistance starters add adjustable resistance in the stator windings.
Tap changers are devices fitted to power transformers that regulate output voltage levels by altering the transformer turn ratios (paragraph 1). On-load tap-changers (OLTCs) are commonly used in power grids and industries to continuously regulate voltage during operation (paragraph 2). OLTCs offer variable control to maintain supply voltage within specified limits by selecting different transformer taps, which correspond to different turn ratios and voltage outputs (paragraphs 3-5). Modern OLTCs are designed to change taps while energized since off-load tap changers interrupt power supply (paragraph 6).
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
The document discusses circuit breakers, including their technical aspects, types, fundamental characteristics, parts, and comparisons to other switching devices. It describes circuit breaker ratings like voltage, current, and short circuit levels. Common circuit breaker types include air magnetic, oil, air blast, vacuum, and SF6 gas. The document also outlines selection criteria for low and medium-high voltage switching devices and reviews circuit breaker control circuits, interlocks, and SF6 circuit breakers.
The document discusses protection schemes for transformers. It describes faults that can occur in transformers such as open circuits, overheating, and winding short circuits. It then discusses different protection systems for transformers including Buchholz relays, earth fault relays, overcurrent relays, and differential protection systems. Differential protection systems operate by comparing currents from current transformers on both sides of the transformer and tripping the circuit breaker if a difference is detected, indicating an internal fault. The combination of protection schemes provides comprehensive protection for transformers.
Three-phase induction motors require control gear like starters to safely start and stop the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used including direct-on-line starters, reversing starters, and star-delta starters. Star-delta starters help reduce high starting currents by initially connecting the motor in star configuration before switching to delta.
This document provides information about wiring diagrams for three-phase motors, including:
1. It defines common abbreviations used in wiring diagrams like L1, L2, L3 for the three phases and explains reverse-forward control using two contactors and a relay.
2. It provides details on a reverse-forward circuit that uses a forward and reverse contact on the relay to control the contactors and change the motor's direction of rotation.
3. It describes how to reverse a three-phase motor using contactors and a relay by connecting the relay contacts to the contactor coils and changing which phases are applied to the motor terminals.
This document summarizes the direct on-line (DOL) starter method for starting three-phase induction motors. It explains that a DOL starter directly connects the motor to the full supply voltage, resulting in starting currents that are 6-8 times the rated current. The DOL starter provides high starting torque but is only suitable for motors under 5KW due to large starting currents. The document then describes the components of a DOL starter, including fuses, isolator, contactor, and overload unit. It explains how these components work together to start and stop the motor while also providing overload protection. In conclusion, the DOL starter is noted as the simplest and most inexpensive starting method for low- and medium-power
The document discusses various control devices and starting methods for industrial motors. It describes disconnecting switches, manual circuit breakers, cam switches, pushbuttons, control relays, thermal relays, magnetic contactors, and proximity detectors that can be used for motor control. Starting methods covered include direct online, stator resistance, autotransformer, star-delta, and rotor resistance starting. Soft starting and reversing motor direction are also summarized. Diagrams are used to illustrate control systems and motor connections.
Starting method for 3 phase induction motorAhmed A.Hassan
The document discusses four common methods for starting 3-phase induction motors: rotor resistance starting for slip-ring motors, and direct-on-line starting, star-delta starting, and autotransformer starting for squirrel-cage motors. Rotor resistance starting allows adjusting the starting torque and current by adding external resistance to the rotor circuit. Direct-on-line starting applies full supply voltage but results in high starting current and moderate starting torque. Star-delta starting and autotransformer starting both initially apply reduced voltage to lower starting current and torque before switching to full voltage.
Starters of induction motor and protection equipmentsateesh kumar
This document discusses various electrical machine experiments conducted in an electrical workshop lab, including starting methods, protection, and dismantling/assembling of induction and DC machines. It lists experiments on direct online, forward/reverse, and star-delta starters for induction motors. Other experiments include inching circuits, interlocking groups of drives, and wiring undervoltage relays. Causes of motor failure like overloads and bearing failure are discussed. The document also covers electric shock dangers, precautions in the lab, protection from single phasing and under/over voltage, dielectric testing of transformer oil, and starting methods for slip ring and squirrel cage induction motors.
This presentation summarizes the operation of a star-delta starter circuit used to protect motors. It begins with an introduction of the presenters and topic. Then, it explains that a star-delta starter uses three contactors, a timer, and overload protection to initially connect the motor in a star configuration, providing lower starting current and torque. After a set time, it switches to a delta configuration to provide full voltage and torque. Key advantages are simple operation, lower cost than other starting methods, and good torque-current performance, while disadvantages include low starting torque and needing a six-terminal motor.
This document provides an overview of control circuits and components for electrical machines, including DC motors and AC motors. It discusses various switch types, relays, timers, and interlocking circuits used in motor controls. For DC motors, it describes series relay starters, time acceleration starters, field failure protection, and plugging control. For AC motors, it covers DOL starters, star-delta starters, automatic transformer starters, reversing motor direction, and dynamic braking. The document is intended to explain the basic control circuits and components used for operating electrical machines.
This ppt is for your education purpose.
I can explain the electrical starters in very best ways ,
you can understande the all electrical starters in very easy methods.
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CONTECT NO : - 9082557285
CREATED BY : - AYUSH .A. PITHAL
This document discusses different types of starters for DC motors and induction motors. For DC motors, it describes 3-point, 4-point, and 2-point starters. The 3-point and 4-point starters connect the armature, field, and supply. The 4-point adds a no-voltage coil terminal. The 2-point starter uses series resistance to reduce starting current. For induction motors, it discusses DOL, primary resistance, star-delta, autotransformer, and rotor resistance starters. The star-delta and autotransformer starters apply reduced voltage on start up to limit current. The rotor resistance starter connects external resistors to the rotor on start up. Assignment questions are provided to draw and explain examples of
Starting and speed control of induction motor.pptdatamboli
Induction motors can be started directly but this causes high starting currents. Methods to reduce starting current include adding resistance to the rotor circuit for wound rotor motors or using a starting circuit like an autotransformer or resistor bank starter. The starting current of a motor can be calculated from its rated power and code letter. Speed control methods for induction motors include changing the synchronous speed by varying frequency or voltage, or changing the slip by varying rotor resistance.
This document provides information about different types of DC motor starters and AC motor starters. It discusses two point, three point, and four point starters for DC motors. It explains how each type protects the motor from high starting currents and overloads. It also covers various AC motor starting methods like auto transformer starting, star-delta starting, and direct online starting. Star-delta and auto transformer starting reduce the starting current by initially applying a lower voltage to the motor. Direct online starting applies full voltage but is only suitable for small motors due to the large starting currents involved.
1. This document discusses changing the rotation direction of an asynchronous motor by changing the phase sequence of the motor's power supply using either a conventional controller circuit or a PLC system.
2. To reverse the direction of a 3-phase motor with 3 output cables, two of the phases need to be swapped in the connection. For a motor with 6 output cables, the phase sequence needs to be changed at both the top and bottom cable connections.
3. The application is demonstrated by connecting a controller circuit, power circuit, and PLC to an asynchronous motor module and controlling the motor's rotation direction through the PLC ladder logic program.
This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors, including their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It describes stator resistance, auto-transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, and direct online starters. The star-delta starter connects the motor in a star configuration at start to reduce voltage and current by 1/3, then switches to delta for run. The direct online starter connects the motor directly to full voltage, providing maximum torque but also maximum starting current of 6-8 times full load current. Variable frequency drives control motor speed by varying supply frequency and voltage.
The document provides an overview of typical starting systems used in Toyota vehicles. It describes the components that make up automatic and manual transmission starting systems, including the starter motor, magnetic switch, over-running clutch, ignition switch contacts, park/neutral or clutch start switches. It explains how gear reduction and planetary reduction segment starter motors work to engage the flywheel ring gear and start the engine. Common diagnosis steps are outlined, such as visual inspection, current draw testing, and voltage drop testing to identify electrical or mechanical issues preventing the engine from cranking.
The starting system uses a starter motor to engage the engine's flywheel ring gear via a pinion gear, driving the engine at about 200 RPM until it starts. The typical starting system includes a starter motor, magnetic switch, over-running clutch, ignition switch contacts, and park/neutral or clutch start switches. Diagnosis of starting issues involves visual inspections, current draw tests, voltage drop tests, and operational tests to identify electrical or mechanical faults like a dead battery, melted fuse, or loose connections.
This document discusses several topics related to three-phase induction motors and their speed and direction control. It describes two methods for speed control using separate stator windings, and also discusses direct reversing and jogging control by interchanging motor leads. Interlocking methods like mechanical, push-button, and auxiliary contact interlocks are covered for reversing motor starters. Overload relays, their types and uses are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses contactor control circuits and their operation using start and stop pushbuttons.
Service industry internship (2016) report (plc traning)iqtadar ali gilani
This is report of my internship at SERVICE INDUSTRIES (GUJRAT). I got traning related of "PLC" specially (MITSUBISHI PLC). This report contains basics of "PLC" hardware & programming.
Starting system .pdfhtdu,yjfvbnyhrdgcvhfdYonChhannak
The starting system includes components that convert electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to turn the engine's crankshaft. It consists of the battery, starter motor, solenoid, ignition switch, and sometimes a starter relay. When the ignition key is turned to start, the solenoid closes the high-current circuit to power the starter motor. The starter motor then spins a drive gear that engages the flywheel to crank the engine until it starts.
Exclusive Summer Fashion Tips for Women in 2024's SummerWomens-Clothing
Unlock Your Best Summer Style with Our 2024 Fashion Guide for Women! 🌞👗 Dive into the latest trends with our must-have tips for women. From chic accessories and trendy tops to versatile shorts and comfy footwear, we’ve got you covered for a stylish season!
Clothing Startup Pitch Slides for Textile or Garments CompanyMDLATIFUZZAMAN2
PUSHAK a exporting garments company wants to enter the local market.This slide collection is a pitch for solving the issue.
Discover how PUSHAK Garments, a renowned exporting garments company, is set to revolutionize the local market with their exceptional quality and stylish collections. Our latest slide presentation dives deep into our strategic approach to capturing the local market's interest and delivering unparalleled fashion solutions.
In this comprehensive pitch, we highlight:
Market Analysis: An in-depth overview of the local market, including consumer behavior, current trends, and key opportunities.
Unique Selling Propositions: What sets PUSHAK Garments apart from competitors, including our commitment to quality, innovative designs, and customer-centric approach.
Strategic Plan: Our well-defined roadmap to market entry, detailing marketing strategies, distribution channels, and sales tactics.
Product Showcase: A sneak peek into our latest collections that blend international trends with local preferences, ensuring a perfect fit for every customer.
Sustainability Commitment: Our dedication to sustainable and ethical practices in the fashion industry, aligning with the growing demand for eco-friendly products.
Customer Engagement: Our strategies for building a loyal customer base through personalized services, loyalty programs, and exceptional customer support.
PUSHAK Garments is poised to make a significant impact in the local market, offering a diverse range of products that cater to various tastes and preferences. With our expertise in the export market, we bring a wealth of experience and a deep understanding of global fashion trends, ensuring that our local offerings are always ahead of the curve.
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Health Benefits of Dancing - Dance AmericaDance America
Health Benefits of Dancing
Physical Health Benefits of Dance
A. Cardiovascular Health
1. Improved Heart Health
2. Increased Stamina and Endurance
B. Strength and Flexibility
1. Toning of Muscles
2. Improved Flexibility and Range of Motion
C. Weight Management
1. Calories Burned During Dance
2. Potential for Weight Loss or Maintenance
Mental Health Benefits of Dance
A. Stress Reduction
1. Release of Endorphins
2. Emotional Expression and Catharsis
B. Cognitive Benefits
1. Improved Memory and Cognitive Function
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Press Release - Invisible Disease June 21, 2024Purdue Global
Invisible Disease
PRESS RELEASE: 21 June 2024 / Lenawee County
When I moved my family to Clinton Village in 2021, I had no idea how much our lives would change. I was drawn in by the cute Victorian homes, and the historical presence of the rural community. Little did I know that the reality of a family like mine moving into the community would have so many immediate negative repercussions. Despite my love of our new home and the idealism of a country lifestyle, only a few people wanted us to share in their same happiness. Life over the past couple of years has changed drastically.
We first came to Michigan to take care of my then nine-year-old son Ben. Ben was diagnosed with incurable brain cancer at the age of 2. He has had three reocurrences and one aneurysm during that time. In 2020, he had his last reocurrence which resulted in seven weeks of gamma knife radiation treatment to a little over a quarter of his brain in the front left parietal lobe. The remaining scar tissue affects various aspects of the brain. He also has 36 staples, bolts, and plates in his brain and parts that are keeping his skull together.
Ben looks like a regular boy. His disease is what we call invisible because to look at him, you would never know he has brain trauma. He is the epitome of a cancer warrior! I thought Clinton Village was perfect for us. The motto is exactly what I’ve always said about Raising Ben. “It takes a Village.”
My naivete was shattered because of the constant turmoil we’ve encountered with the Clinton school system, The Village Inc. and the local police. The problems started immediately after living in the village for only a few weeks. The police became a consistent presence at our front door, prompted by our neighbors who felt we needed formal reprimands for a variety of reasons which included having a dangerous carport, owning a loud pocket dirt bike, and complaints that our front and backyard lawns were apparently too long. These are just a few of the supposed violations that were cited by our neighbors and that compelled them to report us to The Village headquarters and/or the police department.
During this time, we as a family tried to be good neighbors, were always friendly, smiled, said hello, and continued to offer baked goods whenever possible. They weren’t having it!
The Clinton elementary school held an IEP meeting, upon my request, to help Ben in school when we arrived in 2021. Ben had a few minor needs that required attention such as additional breaks during class time to give his over-stimulated brain a rest, extra help on assignments, assistance from a paraprofessional a few hours a day for redirecting and fine motor skill attention, as well as ADHD and non grand mal seizures (Epilepsy). The control factor for the implementation of Ben’s IEP is ongoing. He needs brakes when he feels overwhelmed, and that time cannot be scheduled.
Imagine a child swimming underwater. The child needs to breathe, so he comes up f
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Tool, the iconic American rock band from Los Angeles, has redefined metal music with their genre-defying sound and profound lyrical themes. Since 1990, Maynard James Keenan, Adam Jones, Danny Carey, and Justin Chancellor have crafted a unique musical journey that blends alternative metal, art rock, and progressive rock. Known for their introspective lyrics and mesmerizing live performances, Tool continues to captivate global audiences and shape the landscape of contemporary rock music.
Quality and maintenance is the final and vital aspect of any construction or project wherein it is a mandate that the services rendered by the construction firm has to be of superior quality and meets the needs of the fully approving authority of the project.
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Dive into this presentation to explore the complete guide to the 7 Chakras and their effects, and discover the fascinating world of chakras. Learn how these seven energy centers influence your physical, emotional, and spiritual health, and find out how balancing them can improve your overall well-being and harmony.
2. Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
Aims
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
• To understand the control gear requirements of a cage rotor induction motor starter
• To understand the operation of various types of motor starters
3. Objectives
At the end of this lesson you should be able to:
• To be able to describe the control gear components of a DOL starter
• To be able to describe the operation of a DOL starter
• To be able to explain how a three-phase motor can be reversed
• To be able to describe the operation of a reversing DOL starter
• To be able to explain the starting problems with an induction motor
• To be able to describe the operation of a STAR-DELTA starter
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
4. Components of a DOL Starter
DOL = Direct On Line
= Direct connection of stator phases to the 3 phase supply
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
FUSES MCB
Designed to operate very quickly
Protect against short circuit currents to
earth or between phases
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
5. Components of a DOL Starter
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Isolator
Makes circuit dead allowing for maintenance
Should be door interlocked and lockable for safety
Isolator with integral fuses
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
6. Contactor
Coil
Coil terminals A1 & A2
Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6
Main pole
terminals 1,
3 & 5 Auxiliary contact
terminal 13
Auxiliary contact
terminal 14
Coil
Main poles
Auxiliary
contact
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
7. Components of a DOL Starter
Contactor
Coil
Coil terminals A1 & A2
Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6
Main pole
terminals 1,
3 & 5 Auxiliary contact
terminal 13
Auxiliary contact
terminal 14
When coil is energised it becomes a
magnet
Pole contacts closes
Auxiliary contact also closes
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
8. Components of a DOL Starter
Overload Unit (Thermal type)
Main pole terminals 1, 3 & 5
When motor overheats due to overload
conditions, main poles latch open
Auxiliary contacts also latch open and
when interlocked within control circuit
prevents motor restarting by itself when
cool.
Main pole terminals 2, 4 & 6
N/O
Auxiliary
contacts
97 & 98
N/C
Auxiliary
contacts
95 & 96
Reset
button
Red pushbutton can be used to reset
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
9. Components of a DOL Starter
Start and Stop pushbuttons
Start button is green and
flush mounted
Stop button is red and
protruding
N/O contact N/C contact
Emergency Stop button has a
red mushroom head which
latches in and must be turned
to release
Contacts at the
back of
switches can
be either N/O
or N/C
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
10. DOL Starter
Power Schematic Fuses
Isolator
Contacto
r
C1
Overload
Unit
OL1
Induction
Motor
Auxiliary
contact
(retainer)
Auxiliary
contact
(interlock)
Safety earth
3-phase
supply
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
11. DOL Starter
Control Circuit
Starting
•Press S2
•C1 coil energises
•Contact C1 retains
•S2 can be released
Stopping
•Press S1 breaks circuit
•C1 coil de-energises
•C1 retaining contact
drops out
Faults
•Overload causes OL1 to open
•C1 coil de-energises
•C1 retaining contact drops out
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
13. Reversing
DOL Starter
Control Circuit
Starting - Forward
•Press S2
•C2 coil energises
•Contact C2 retains
•S2 can be released
•Electrical interlock with
C3
Stopping
•Press S1 breaks circuit
•C2 or C3 coil de-energises
•C2 or C3 retaining contact drops
out
Starting - Reverse
Faults
•As for DOL
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
•Press S3
•C3 coil energises
•Contact C3 retains
•S3 can be released
•Electrical interlock with C2
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
14. Induction Motor Starting Problems
High Starting Current
Starting current
= 7 x full load current
As speed increases,
stator current reduces
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
15. Induction Motor Starting Problems
Solution:- Start off in STAR, then run in DELTA
Motor current follows STAR
curve. Change over to DELTA
curve after motor reaches 80%
of full synchronous speed
Change over can be done using a
timer or centrifugal switch
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
16. Induction Motor Starting Problems
Solution:- Start off in STAR, then run in DELTA
Lower starting torque in STAR
means that load must be
checked to ensure it can be
turned in STAR.
Motor torque follows STAR
curve. Change over to DELTA
curve after motor reaches 80%
of full synchronous speed
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
17. STAR-DELTA
Starter
Power Schematic
Induction
Motor
STAR
Contact
or C2
3-phase supply,
fuses, isolator
and motor earth
not shown
Mechanical interlock
DELTA
Contactor
C3
MAIN
Contactor C1 Overload
Unit OL1
STAR
U1
V1W1
U2
V2
W2
U2
U1
V1V2
W1
W2
DELTA
DELTA
Contactor
connects
U1 to W2
V1 to U2
W1 to V2
STAR
Contactor connects U2 to
V2 to W2
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
18. Control Circuit
Starting
•Press S2
•C1 coil energises
•Contact C1 retains
•S2 can be released
•Auxiliary contact C1 closes
•CR timer starts timing
•C2 coil energises - STAR
•CR timer finishes timing
•C2 coil de-energises
•C3 coil energises - DELTA
STAR-DELTA Starter
Stopping & Faults
•As for DOL
3 Phase Cage Rotor Starters and Control Gear
Three-Phase AC Machines
Resource 3
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