This document summarizes a colloquium on digital signatures presented by Prashant Shekhar. It introduces digital signatures as a way to authenticate electronic documents through a mathematical scheme. It discusses how digital signatures work using public and private keys along with digital certificates from a certification authority. The document also outlines some applications of digital signatures like email, data storage, funds transfer, and software distribution. It concludes by noting advantages like authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation, as well as disadvantages such as expiration of certificates and costs of software.
This document summarizes a seminar on digital signatures. It defines a digital signature as an encrypted hash value of a message that is unique to the document and verifies the identity of the owner. Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents. The technology uses public and private key pairs, with the private key used to generate signatures and the public key used to verify signatures. Some challenges of digital signatures include the cost of certification authorities and ensuring private keys remain secure, but they enable secure e-commerce, e-governance and other applications.
The document discusses digital signatures, including how they work, their history, applications, and legal status in India. A digital signature uses public and private keys to authenticate a message sender's identity and verify that the message was not altered. It explains how digital signature certificates are issued by certified authorities and associate an individual's identity with their public and private keys. The document also addresses frequently asked questions about digital signatures, such as how they provide security, who issues them, how long they are valid for, and their legal standing.
Digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography to provide authentication, integrity and non-repudiation for electronic documents and communications. A digital signature is created using a private key and can be verified by anyone using the corresponding public key. This ensures the document was not altered and the sender cannot deny sending it. Private keys are protected using devices like smart cards or hardware tokens to keep them secure.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents and allow for secure e-governance and e-commerce using the internet. A digital signature is created using a private key to sign a message, and the signature can be verified using the corresponding public key. Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography and consist of key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens securely store private keys to generate digital signatures on documents. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and regulates certification authorities in India to issue digital signature certificates.
Digital Signature, Electronic Signature, How digital signature works, Confidentiality of digital signature, Authenticity of digital signature, Integrity of digital signature, standard of digital signature, Algorithm of digital signature, Mathematical base of digital signature, parameters of digital signature, key computation of digital signature, key generation of digital signature, verification of of digital signature
Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data.
Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient.
This document summarizes a colloquium on digital signatures presented by Prashant Shekhar. It introduces digital signatures as a way to authenticate electronic documents through a mathematical scheme. It discusses how digital signatures work using public and private keys along with digital certificates from a certification authority. The document also outlines some applications of digital signatures like email, data storage, funds transfer, and software distribution. It concludes by noting advantages like authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation, as well as disadvantages such as expiration of certificates and costs of software.
This document summarizes a seminar on digital signatures. It defines a digital signature as an encrypted hash value of a message that is unique to the document and verifies the identity of the owner. Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents. The technology uses public and private key pairs, with the private key used to generate signatures and the public key used to verify signatures. Some challenges of digital signatures include the cost of certification authorities and ensuring private keys remain secure, but they enable secure e-commerce, e-governance and other applications.
The document discusses digital signatures, including how they work, their history, applications, and legal status in India. A digital signature uses public and private keys to authenticate a message sender's identity and verify that the message was not altered. It explains how digital signature certificates are issued by certified authorities and associate an individual's identity with their public and private keys. The document also addresses frequently asked questions about digital signatures, such as how they provide security, who issues them, how long they are valid for, and their legal standing.
Digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography to provide authentication, integrity and non-repudiation for electronic documents and communications. A digital signature is created using a private key and can be verified by anyone using the corresponding public key. This ensures the document was not altered and the sender cannot deny sending it. Private keys are protected using devices like smart cards or hardware tokens to keep them secure.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents and allow for secure e-governance and e-commerce using the internet. A digital signature is created using a private key to sign a message, and the signature can be verified using the corresponding public key. Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography and consist of key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens securely store private keys to generate digital signatures on documents. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and regulates certification authorities in India to issue digital signature certificates.
Digital Signature, Electronic Signature, How digital signature works, Confidentiality of digital signature, Authenticity of digital signature, Integrity of digital signature, standard of digital signature, Algorithm of digital signature, Mathematical base of digital signature, parameters of digital signature, key computation of digital signature, key generation of digital signature, verification of of digital signature
Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data.
Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient.
This document summarizes key aspects of digital signatures and encryption. It explains that digital signatures use public/private key pairs to encrypt messages for authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. A certificate authority acts as a trusted third party by issuing digital certificates that contain a user's public key and identity information signed with the CA's private key. The document also compares features of paper signatures to digital signatures.
This document discusses digital signatures and how they provide security services like secrecy, authentication, non-repudiation and integrity. It explains that digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and a public key for verification. The digital signature is created by hashing the message and signing it with the private key. When received, the message hash is verified using the public key to authenticate that the signature was created by the private key owner and that the message has not been altered. Digital signatures thus authenticate messages and ensure non-repudiation by binding the signer to the message in a way that can be verified.
Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can read it. There are two main types of encryption: symmetric key encryption which uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key encryption which uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt. While symmetric encryption is faster, asymmetric encryption is more secure since it does not require sharing the same key. Encryption is widely used to provide authentication, privacy, integrity, and accountability of data.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
This document discusses cryptography and its various aspects. Cryptography is the science of securing communication and information. It involves encryption to encode data into an unreadable format and decryption to decode it. There are different types of cryptography like symmetric key, public key, and hash functions. Symmetric key uses a single key for encryption and decryption while public key uses different keys. Hash functions create a unique digest from data but the data cannot be recovered from the digest. Cryptography provides security features like authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation. Keys are numerical values used in encryption algorithms. The document outlines advantages like privacy and disadvantages like the time needed for encryption and decryption.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the science of securing messages from attacks. It discusses basic cryptography terms like plain text, cipher text, encryption, decryption, and keys. It describes symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which uses different public and private keys. It also covers traditional cipher techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. The document concludes by listing some applications of cryptography like e-commerce, secure data, and access control.
Digital signatures provide authentication and integrity for electronic documents and transactions. They use public key cryptography where a document is encrypted with the sender's private key and decrypted by the recipient's public key. A digital certificate issued by a certificate authority binds the signer's identity to their public key and is verified using the CA's digital signature. Common uses of digital signatures include software updates, financial transactions, and legally binding documents.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and information by converting plaintext into ciphertext. The document provides an introduction to cryptography including its history from ancient times to the present. It discusses terminology like plaintext, encryption, ciphertext, decryption, and keys. Symmetric key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric key cryptography uses two different keys. Examples of symmetric methods are DES, 3DES, AES, and RC4, while RSA is a common asymmetric method. Applications of cryptography include ATMs, email passwords, e-payments, e-commerce, electronic voting, defense services, securing data, and access control.
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, such that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (authentication and non-repudiation) and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. In some countries, including the United States, India, and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
Cryptography is the art and science of securing communication and information by encoding messages so that they are unintelligible to unauthorized parties. It involves techniques for encrypting and decrypting messages to ensure confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. The document defines key terminology related to cryptography such as encryption, decryption, plaintext, ciphertext, and cryptanalysis. It also discusses different types of cryptographic techniques including symmetric and asymmetric encryption as well as cryptographic applications and characteristics.
This document discusses data encryption and digital signatures. It defines encryption as disguising information so that only those with the key can access it. There are two main types of encryption - symmetric which uses the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric which uses different keys. Encryption methods include transposition, which rearranges bits or characters, and substitution, which replaces bits or characters. Popular algorithms discussed are DES, RSA, and digital signatures. Digital signatures authenticate the sender, ensure the message isn't altered, and can be used to sign documents and verify certificates from certificate authorities.
The document discusses cryptography concepts such as encryption algorithms, key management, digital signatures, and cryptanalysis attacks. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems as well as specific algorithms like DES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography. The document also examines requirements for secrecy, authenticity and properties of cryptographic systems.
This document provides an introduction to digital signatures, including an overview of encryption, hashing, digital signature creation and verification, and different digital signature schemes like RSA, ElGamal, and Schnorr. It also discusses the legal aspects and advantages/disadvantages of digital signatures.
Digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography to authenticate digital messages. They allow a recipient to verify the identity of the sender and confirm the message has not been altered. A digital signature scheme involves key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation and are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and other cases requiring detection of forgery or tampering. They offer advantages over traditional ink signatures like inability to forge or erase the signature.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents. They use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and public key for verification. The signer uses their private key to encrypt a hash of the message, creating a digital signature. The recipient can then decrypt the signature with the signer's public key to verify the message has not been altered. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens store private keys securely. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and monitors Certifying Authorities in India that issue digital signature certificates.
Today in modern era of internet we share some sensitive data to information transmission. but need to ensure security. So we focus on Cryptography modern technique for secure transmission of information over network.
This document discusses digital signatures, including their history, purpose, and how they work. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents by using public key cryptography. A digital signature is generated by encrypting a hash of a message with the sender's private key. Anyone can verify the signature using the sender's public key, ensuring the message came from that sender and was not altered. Challenges include keeping private keys secure and the processing time required, but digital signatures enable secure e-commerce and e-governance applications.
Disgital Signature Algorithm which is used Hash value of a message when encrypted with the private key of a person is his digital signature on that e-Document.
Digital Signature of a person therefore varies from document to document thus ensuring authenticity of each word of that document.
As the public key of the signer is known, anybody can verify the message and the digital signature.
This document summarizes key aspects of digital signatures and encryption. It explains that digital signatures use public/private key pairs to encrypt messages for authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. A certificate authority acts as a trusted third party by issuing digital certificates that contain a user's public key and identity information signed with the CA's private key. The document also compares features of paper signatures to digital signatures.
This document discusses digital signatures and how they provide security services like secrecy, authentication, non-repudiation and integrity. It explains that digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and a public key for verification. The digital signature is created by hashing the message and signing it with the private key. When received, the message hash is verified using the public key to authenticate that the signature was created by the private key owner and that the message has not been altered. Digital signatures thus authenticate messages and ensure non-repudiation by binding the signer to the message in a way that can be verified.
Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can read it. There are two main types of encryption: symmetric key encryption which uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key encryption which uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt. While symmetric encryption is faster, asymmetric encryption is more secure since it does not require sharing the same key. Encryption is widely used to provide authentication, privacy, integrity, and accountability of data.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
This document discusses cryptography and its various aspects. Cryptography is the science of securing communication and information. It involves encryption to encode data into an unreadable format and decryption to decode it. There are different types of cryptography like symmetric key, public key, and hash functions. Symmetric key uses a single key for encryption and decryption while public key uses different keys. Hash functions create a unique digest from data but the data cannot be recovered from the digest. Cryptography provides security features like authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation. Keys are numerical values used in encryption algorithms. The document outlines advantages like privacy and disadvantages like the time needed for encryption and decryption.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the science of securing messages from attacks. It discusses basic cryptography terms like plain text, cipher text, encryption, decryption, and keys. It describes symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which uses different public and private keys. It also covers traditional cipher techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. The document concludes by listing some applications of cryptography like e-commerce, secure data, and access control.
Digital signatures provide authentication and integrity for electronic documents and transactions. They use public key cryptography where a document is encrypted with the sender's private key and decrypted by the recipient's public key. A digital certificate issued by a certificate authority binds the signer's identity to their public key and is verified using the CA's digital signature. Common uses of digital signatures include software updates, financial transactions, and legally binding documents.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and information by converting plaintext into ciphertext. The document provides an introduction to cryptography including its history from ancient times to the present. It discusses terminology like plaintext, encryption, ciphertext, decryption, and keys. Symmetric key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric key cryptography uses two different keys. Examples of symmetric methods are DES, 3DES, AES, and RC4, while RSA is a common asymmetric method. Applications of cryptography include ATMs, email passwords, e-payments, e-commerce, electronic voting, defense services, securing data, and access control.
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, such that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (authentication and non-repudiation) and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering.
Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. In some countries, including the United States, India, and members of the European Union, electronic signatures have legal significance.
Cryptography is the art and science of securing communication and information by encoding messages so that they are unintelligible to unauthorized parties. It involves techniques for encrypting and decrypting messages to ensure confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. The document defines key terminology related to cryptography such as encryption, decryption, plaintext, ciphertext, and cryptanalysis. It also discusses different types of cryptographic techniques including symmetric and asymmetric encryption as well as cryptographic applications and characteristics.
This document discusses data encryption and digital signatures. It defines encryption as disguising information so that only those with the key can access it. There are two main types of encryption - symmetric which uses the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric which uses different keys. Encryption methods include transposition, which rearranges bits or characters, and substitution, which replaces bits or characters. Popular algorithms discussed are DES, RSA, and digital signatures. Digital signatures authenticate the sender, ensure the message isn't altered, and can be used to sign documents and verify certificates from certificate authorities.
The document discusses cryptography concepts such as encryption algorithms, key management, digital signatures, and cryptanalysis attacks. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems as well as specific algorithms like DES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography. The document also examines requirements for secrecy, authenticity and properties of cryptographic systems.
This document provides an introduction to digital signatures, including an overview of encryption, hashing, digital signature creation and verification, and different digital signature schemes like RSA, ElGamal, and Schnorr. It also discusses the legal aspects and advantages/disadvantages of digital signatures.
Digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography to authenticate digital messages. They allow a recipient to verify the identity of the sender and confirm the message has not been altered. A digital signature scheme involves key generation, signing, and verification algorithms. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation and are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and other cases requiring detection of forgery or tampering. They offer advantages over traditional ink signatures like inability to forge or erase the signature.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents. They use asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and public key for verification. The signer uses their private key to encrypt a hash of the message, creating a digital signature. The recipient can then decrypt the signature with the signer's public key to verify the message has not been altered. Hardware tokens like smart cards and USB tokens store private keys securely. The Controller of Certifying Authorities licenses and monitors Certifying Authorities in India that issue digital signature certificates.
Today in modern era of internet we share some sensitive data to information transmission. but need to ensure security. So we focus on Cryptography modern technique for secure transmission of information over network.
This document discusses digital signatures, including their history, purpose, and how they work. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents by using public key cryptography. A digital signature is generated by encrypting a hash of a message with the sender's private key. Anyone can verify the signature using the sender's public key, ensuring the message came from that sender and was not altered. Challenges include keeping private keys secure and the processing time required, but digital signatures enable secure e-commerce and e-governance applications.
Disgital Signature Algorithm which is used Hash value of a message when encrypted with the private key of a person is his digital signature on that e-Document.
Digital Signature of a person therefore varies from document to document thus ensuring authenticity of each word of that document.
As the public key of the signer is known, anybody can verify the message and the digital signature.
Digital signature certificates provide security and authentication for electronic documents. When a digital signature is applied to a document, unique identification information is encrypted and embedded that allows the signature and document to be verified. This ensures the document content has not been altered and validates the signer's identity. Digital signature certificates come in classes for different use cases, with higher classes providing greater security for tasks involving sensitive information or large financial transactions. Proper implementation of digital signatures protects documents and identities from tampering or fraudulent actions.
This document provides an overview of digital signatures, including what they are, why they are used, how the technology works, and some challenges. A digital signature is a hash of a message encrypted with a private key, allowing the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages to be verified using the corresponding public key. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic communications and help enable the internet as a secure medium for transactions, though key security and certification costs present challenges. The document also reviews digital signature algorithms, applications, and drawbacks.
Seminar presentation on digital signature pptRavi Ranjan
This document discusses digital signatures. It begins by introducing digital signatures as an electronic equivalent to handwritten signatures for authenticating documents. It then explains that a digital signature is created by encrypting a document's hash value with the sender's private key. The digital signature and public key allow any recipient to verify the sender's identity and confirm the document has not been altered. The document outlines the basic requirements for digital signatures like private and public keys and digital certificates. It also describes how the technology works and some common applications as well as challenges and drawbacks of digital signatures.
This document discusses digital signatures. It begins by introducing digital signatures as an electronic equivalent to handwritten signatures for authenticating documents. It then explains that a digital signature is created by encrypting a document's hash value with the sender's private key. The digital signature and public key allow any recipient to verify the sender's identity and confirm the document has not been altered. The document outlines the basic requirements for digital signatures like private/public key pairs and digital certificates. It also describes how the technology works and some common applications as well as challenges like costs and ensuring private keys stay secure. In conclusion, it notes digital signatures may be difficult for the public to understand and trust due to involvement of organizations they may be wary of.
Digital Signature in Indian Evidence act .pptx9jz8vgkshv
Digital signatures provide a secure way to authenticate digital documents and messages. They use asymmetric encryption and digital certificates to verify identity and ensure document integrity. A digital signature is created by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, and can be verified by decrypting the signature with the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the identity of the sender and that the message content was not altered after signature. Digital signatures have legal standing and provide benefits like authentication, non-repudiation, and ensuring documents have not been tampered with.
Digital Signatdsbuisduifhudosffdosfure.pptxMuthuvasanSR
Digital signatures provide a secure way to authenticate digital documents and messages. They use asymmetric encryption and digital certificates to verify identity and ensure document integrity. A digital signature is created by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, and can be verified by decrypting the signature with the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the identity of the sender and that the message content was not altered after signature.
The document discusses digital signatures, which provide authentication of electronic documents and messages. Digital signatures use public key cryptography, with each user having a unique private key and corresponding public key. To generate a digital signature, a document's hash value is encrypted with the sender's private key. Recipients can verify the signature by decrypting the hash with the sender's public key and comparing it to a newly generated hash of the received document. This allows confirmation of the sender's identity and ensures the document has not been altered. The document outlines the basic digital signature process and requirements for using digital signatures to authenticate electronic information.
This document discusses digital signatures, which provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents. A digital signature is a mathematical scheme that uses public key encryption to verify that a digital message was created by a known sender and was not altered in transit. The document outlines the basic requirements of private and public keys, and how the technology works. It compares digital and paper signatures, and lists some applications of digital signatures such as electronic mail, data storage, and software distribution.
The document discusses digital signatures and encryption. It defines encryption as converting data into cipher text. There are two main types of encryption - private key encryption where each computer has a secret key, and public key encryption which uses a combination of private and public keys. A digital signature mathematically validates the authenticity and integrity of a message to prevent tampering. It serves as an electronic equivalent of a handwritten signature. The document then discusses the history and applications of digital signatures, and how digital signature certificates work by associating an identity with a public/private key pair.
Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation for electronic documents by encrypting a hash value of the document's message with the sender's private key. Anyone can then verify the digital signature using the sender's public key to check that the message has not been altered. Digital signatures are created using public-private key pairs, with the private key used for signing and the public key used for verification. This allows digital signatures to function similarly to handwritten signatures for secure e-commerce and e-governance applications over the internet.
This document provides an overview of digital signatures, including how they work and their legal aspects. It discusses how encryption scrambles messages and digital signatures verify authorship and document integrity. Digital signatures use public/private key pairs, where the private key is unique to the signer. To create a digital signature, a hash of the message and private key is computed. Verification involves recomputing the hash with the public key and signature to validate authenticity. Digital signatures provide evidence of authorship, represent a legal ceremony of approval, and make documents more efficient to process.
The Ultimate Guide to Digital SignaturesTania Fuchs
The document discusses digital signatures, providing definitions and comparing them to electronic signatures. It explains that digital signatures use cryptography and public/private keys to uniquely bind a signer to a document, ensuring the integrity of the content. This allows organizations to automate workflows while maintaining transparency, accountability and compliance with regulations. Cloud-based electronic signature solutions are also discussed, noting they do not reliably prove signer identity and require proprietary validation, unlike standardized digital signatures. Reasons why organizations adopt digital signatures include increased efficiency, transparency of records, avoiding vendor lock-in, and the longevity of the underlying PKI technology standards.
The ultimate guide to digital signaturesCoSign by ARX
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, explaining what they are, how they work, and their benefits over electronic and wet ink signatures. Digital signatures create a unique "fingerprint" for both the signer and document content, ensuring signer identity and document integrity. They are based on international PKI standards and can be validated independently without proprietary software. Organizations use digital signatures to streamline processes, ensure compliance, and reduce costs associated with paper-based workflows.
Presentation on digital signatures & digital certificatesVivaka Nand
Digital signatures and digital certificates use public key cryptography to authenticate users and verify the integrity of digital documents. A digital signature is created by encrypting a document with a user's private key. Anyone can then decrypt the signature using the signer's public key to verify that the document came from the correct user and has not been altered. Digital certificates contain a user's public key and identification information, and are digitally signed by a Certificate Authority to validate the certificate. Common uses of digital signatures and certificates include encrypting messages, authenticating users, and facilitating secure online transactions.
Digital signatures use public and private key cryptography to provide the security of a handwritten signature for digital documents. The sender uses their private key to encrypt a hash of the message, creating a digital signature. The receiver can then use the sender's public key to decrypt the signature and verify that it matches a hash of the received message, proving it came from the sender and was not altered. Digital signatures authenticate the sender and ensure integrity of the message. They prevent repudiation of signatures but reliance on private keys means signatures are suspect if a private key is compromised.
5G technology will provide significantly faster wireless speeds up to 1 Gbps, lower latency, and better support for wireless connectivity between devices. It evolved from 1G to 5G networks with increasing speeds and capabilities. 5G uses new hardware like ultra wideband networks and smart antennas and software like a unified global standard and open transport protocol. Key benefits of 5G include high data bandwidth, global accessibility, and support for applications like wearable devices, media streaming, and virtual reality.
In computing ,a futex is a linux kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as posix mutexes or condition variables.
This document summarizes a seminar on distributed computing. It discusses how distributed computing works using lightweight software agents on client systems and dedicated servers to divide large processing tasks. It covers distributed computing management servers, application characteristics that are suitable like long-running tasks, types of distributed applications, and security and standardization challenges. Advantages include improved price/performance and reliability, while disadvantages include complexity, network problems, and security issues.
This document discusses autonomic computing, which refers to computer systems that can manage themselves with minimal human interaction. It defines key elements of autonomic computing like self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing, and self-protection. The document also outlines the autonomic computing architecture, which involves autonomic managers that monitor and control managed elements using sensors and effectors. It acknowledges autonomic computing as a grand challenge and concludes that while fully solving AI is not required, incremental progress can still provide valuable autonomous systems over time to address this challenge.
This document discusses asynchronous computer chips as an alternative to traditional synchronous chips. Synchronous chips rely on a central clock, which poses problems like slow speed, wasted energy distributing the clock globally, and high power consumption from the clocks themselves. Asynchronous chips do not use a central clock and instead rely on handshake signals between components to transfer data only when needed. They allow different parts to work at different speeds and immediately pass results. While asynchronous chips have advantages like lower power usage and less noise, challenges remain in interfacing them with synchronous devices and a lack of expertise and tools available. Overall, the document argues that asynchronous chips may help address future issues with clocked designs as chip complexity increases.
An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent eye following an enuleatin, evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
This document summarizes a seminar on 4G wireless systems. It discusses the limitations of 3G networks and the drivers for 4G, including fully converged services, ubiquitous access, diverse devices, and autonomous, software-defined networks. The document outlines research challenges in networks/services, software systems, and wireless access technologies to achieve the 4G visions. These include adaptive reconfigurability, spectral efficiency, all-pervasive coverage, and software-defined radios and networks. While the exact 2010 scenario may change, the key 4G elements of converged services, ubiquitous access, diverse devices, and software-driven networks will remain goals for research.
This document provides an overview of steganography through:
1) Defining steganography and distinguishing it from cryptography by explaining how steganography aims to hide messages within innocent-looking carriers so the message's existence remains concealed.
2) Tracing the evolution of steganography from ancient techniques like invisible ink to modern digital methods.
3) Explaining how steganography embeds messages in carriers like text, images, audio and video and provides an example of hiding text in the least significant bits of image pixel values.
4) Detailing the steps to hide an image using steganography software.
This document provides an overview of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) through a seminar presentation covering what VoIP is, why and when to use it, how it works, its architecture and components, advantages, disadvantages, alternatives, and the future of VoIP. Key points include that VoIP allows routing of voice conversations over the internet or IP networks, it can provide cheaper telecommunications through reduced phone and wiring costs, and integrates features like video conferencing. Quality concerns and dependency on network hardware are disadvantages.
The document discusses Zigbee technology, including its history, device types, how it works, uses and future. Zigbee is a wireless technology standard designed for control and sensor networks. It was created by the Zigbee Alliance based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low-power wireless networks. Zigbee networks consist of coordinator, router and end devices and can operate using star, tree or mesh topologies to connect small, low-power digital radios. Common applications of Zigbee include home automation, lighting and appliance control.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on WiMAX technology. It describes WiMAX as a wireless broadband technology based on the IEEE 802.16 standard that can provide internet access within a range of up to 31 miles. Key points covered include the basic components of a WiMAX system including towers and receivers, how WiMAX connections work, advantages over other technologies like speed and lack of wired infrastructure, and future applications like integrated laptop access. Issues discussed are the challenges of network deployment and lower costs compared to 3G mobile networks.
The document discusses Wibree, a wireless technology introduced by Nokia that allows for connectivity between mobile devices/PCs and small battery-powered devices. Wibree uses very low power (10x less than Bluetooth) and is optimized for applications requiring years of battery life on small batteries. It operates at 2.4GHz, supports star and star-bus network topologies, and will be implemented via standalone Wibree chips or chips with dual Wibree/Bluetooth functionality. Potential applications include wireless keyboards, toys, health/fitness sensors, and other small devices.
2. Introduction
History
What is Digital Signature
Why Digital Signature
Basic Requirements
How the Technology Works
Approaches
3. Purpose of Digital Signature
Algorithm of Digital Signature
Challenges and Opportunities
Application
Drawbacks
Conclusion
4. The authenticity of many legal, financial, and other
documents is determined by the presence or absence of
an authorized handwritten signature.
Various methods have been devised to solve this
problem, but the use of ‘digital signature’ is definitely
the best solution amongst them.
A digital signature is nothing but an attachment to any
piece of electronic information, which represents the
content of the document and the identity of the
originator of that document uniquely.
5. Use of signatures is recorded in the Talmud (fourth
century), complete with security procedures to prevent
the alteration of documents after they are signed.
The practice of authenticating documents by affixing
handwritten signatures began to be used within the
Roman Empire in the year AD 439, during the rule of
Valentinian III.
It is from this Roman usage of signatures that the
practice obtained its significance in Western legal
tradition.
6. Hash value of a message when encrypted
with the private key of a person is his
digital signature on that e-Document.
Digital Signature of a person therefore
varies from document to document thus
ensuring authenticity of each word of
that document.
As the public key of the signer is known,
anybody can verify the message and the
digital signature.
7. • To provide Authenticity, Integrity and
Non-repudiation to electronic documents
• To use the Internet as the safe and
secure medium for e-Commerce and e-
Governance
8. Private Key
The private key is one which is accessible only to the
signer. It is used to generate the digital signature which
is then attached to the message.
Public Key
The public key is made available to all those who
receive the signed messages from the sender. It is used
for verification of the received message.
9. Digital Signature Certificate
• A subscriber of the private key and public key
pair makes the public key available to all those
who are intended to receive the signed messages
from the subscriber.
• But in case of any dispute between the two sides,
there must be some entity with the receiver which
will allow the receiver of the message to prove that
the message was indeed sent by the subscriber of
the key pair. This can be done with the Digital
Signature Certificate.
15. Institutional overhead:
The cost of establishing and utilizing
certification authorities, repositories, and other
important services, as well as assuring quality
in the performance of their functions.
Subscriber and Relying Party Costs:
A digital signer will require software, and will
probably have to pay a certification authority
some price to issue a certificate. Hardware to
secure the subscriber's private key may also be
advisable.
16. Electronic Mail
Data storage
Electronic funds transfer
Software Distribution
17. The private key must be kept in a secured
manner.
The process of generation and verification of
digital signature requires considerable amount
of time.
For using the digital signature the user has to
obtain private and public key, the receiver has
to obtain the digital signature certificate also.
18. Digital signatures are difficult to understand.
Digital signatures will be championed by many
players that the public distrusts, including
national security agencies, law enforcement
agencies, and consumer marketing companies.
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