This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption". This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography. I have also explained about the various classes which .Net provides for encryption and decryption and some other terms like "AES" and "DES".
Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data.
Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and information by converting plaintext into ciphertext. The document provides an introduction to cryptography including its history from ancient times to the present. It discusses terminology like plaintext, encryption, ciphertext, decryption, and keys. Symmetric key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric key cryptography uses two different keys. Examples of symmetric methods are DES, 3DES, AES, and RC4, while RSA is a common asymmetric method. Applications of cryptography include ATMs, email passwords, e-payments, e-commerce, electronic voting, defense services, securing data, and access control.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with basic definitions related to cryptography and a brief history of its use from ancient times to modern ciphers. It then describes different types of ciphers like stream ciphers, block ciphers, and public key cryptosystems. It also covers cryptography methods like symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. Common types of attacks on cryptosystems like brute force, chosen ciphertext, and frequency analysis are also discussed.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the science of securing messages from attacks. It discusses basic cryptography terms like plain text, cipher text, encryption, decryption, and keys. It describes symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which uses different public and private keys. It also covers traditional cipher techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. The document concludes by listing some applications of cryptography like e-commerce, secure data, and access control.
A brief discussion of network security and an introduction to cryptography. We end the presentation with a discussion of the RSA algorithm, and show how it works with a basic example.
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption". This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography. I have also explained about the various classes which .Net provides for encryption and decryption and some other terms like "AES" and "DES".
Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data.
Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and information by converting plaintext into ciphertext. The document provides an introduction to cryptography including its history from ancient times to the present. It discusses terminology like plaintext, encryption, ciphertext, decryption, and keys. Symmetric key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption while asymmetric key cryptography uses two different keys. Examples of symmetric methods are DES, 3DES, AES, and RC4, while RSA is a common asymmetric method. Applications of cryptography include ATMs, email passwords, e-payments, e-commerce, electronic voting, defense services, securing data, and access control.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with basic definitions related to cryptography and a brief history of its use from ancient times to modern ciphers. It then describes different types of ciphers like stream ciphers, block ciphers, and public key cryptosystems. It also covers cryptography methods like symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. Common types of attacks on cryptosystems like brute force, chosen ciphertext, and frequency analysis are also discussed.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the science of securing messages from attacks. It discusses basic cryptography terms like plain text, cipher text, encryption, decryption, and keys. It describes symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which uses different public and private keys. It also covers traditional cipher techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. The document concludes by listing some applications of cryptography like e-commerce, secure data, and access control.
A brief discussion of network security and an introduction to cryptography. We end the presentation with a discussion of the RSA algorithm, and show how it works with a basic example.
An introduction to asymmetric cryptography with an in-depth look at RSA, Diffie-Hellman, the FREAK and LOGJAM attacks on TLS/SSL, and the "Mining your P's and Q's attack".
RSA is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm used for encrypting and decrypting messages. It uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption such that a message encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. The RSA algorithm involves three steps: key generation, encryption, and decryption. It addresses issues of key distribution and digital signatures.
Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can read it. There are two main types of encryption: symmetric key encryption which uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key encryption which uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt. While symmetric encryption is faster, asymmetric encryption is more secure since it does not require sharing the same key. Encryption is widely used to provide authentication, privacy, integrity, and accountability of data.
The document discusses cryptography concepts such as encryption algorithms, key management, digital signatures, and cryptanalysis attacks. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems as well as specific algorithms like DES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography. The document also examines requirements for secrecy, authenticity and properties of cryptographic systems.
Key management: Introduction, How public key distribution done, Diffie Hellman Key Exchage Algorithm,Digital Certificate. Key Management using Digital certificate is done etc. wireshark screenshot showing digital cetificate.
RC4 is a symmetric key stream cipher algorithm invented in 1987. It operates by combining a pseudo-random keystream with plaintext using XOR operations. The keystream is generated from an initial random permutation of bytes. RC4 has been used to encrypt network traffic but weaknesses have been found, including biases in the early output bytes that allow recovery of encryption keys. While simple and fast, RC4 is no longer considered secure for many applications.
This document provides an overview of cryptography including:
1. Cryptography is the process of encoding messages to protect information and ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and other security goals.
2. There are symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms that use the same or different keys for encryption and decryption. Examples include AES, RSA, and DES.
3. Other techniques discussed include digital signatures, visual cryptography, and ways to implement cryptography like error diffusion and halftone visual cryptography.
- DES (Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric block cipher algorithm that encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key. It was the first encryption standard adopted by the U.S. government for protecting sensitive unclassified federal government information.
- DES works by performing 16 rounds of complex substitutions and permutations on each data block, encrypting it using the key. It has various modes of operation like ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, and CTR that specify how it operates on data.
- In 1998, DES was broken using a brute force attack by the Electronic Frontier Foundation in just 3 days, showing the need for stronger algorithms like AES which replaced DES as the encryption standard
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It defines hashing as transforming a variable length string into a shorter, fixed length value. Cryptographic hash functions are designed to be one-way and resistant to tampering. They are important for security applications like digital signatures, message authentication and password verification. Commonly used hash functions include MD5 and SHA-1 which take arbitrary inputs and produce fixed-length outputs.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
Today in modern era of internet we share some sensitive data to information transmission. but need to ensure security. So we focus on Cryptography modern technique for secure transmission of information over network.
This document discusses network security and cryptography. It begins by defining a network and some common network threats. It then discusses network security goals like avoiding denial of service attacks. The document outlines different cryptography techniques like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography. Symmetric cryptography uses a shared key while asymmetric uses public and private keys. Specific algorithms like RSA and DES are described. The document proposes combining numerals and alphabets in encryption to increase security. It concludes cryptography can securely hide and transmit data through encryption and decryption.
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
This document provides an overview of information security and cryptography. It discusses objectives of security like avoiding data threats. It also covers topics like password auditing, data security, authentication, encryption, decryption, public and private key cryptography, digital signatures, and the RSA algorithm. It demonstrates an example of encrypting a message using RSA and decrypting the cipher text. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of information security.
This document discusses cryptography and its various aspects. Cryptography is the science of securing communication and information. It involves encryption to encode data into an unreadable format and decryption to decode it. There are different types of cryptography like symmetric key, public key, and hash functions. Symmetric key uses a single key for encryption and decryption while public key uses different keys. Hash functions create a unique digest from data but the data cannot be recovered from the digest. Cryptography provides security features like authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation. Keys are numerical values used in encryption algorithms. The document outlines advantages like privacy and disadvantages like the time needed for encryption and decryption.
This document discusses the OSI security architecture and its key concepts of security attacks, mechanisms, and services. It defines security attacks as any action compromising information security, security mechanisms as tools to detect, prevent or recover from attacks, and security services as services enhancing security. The document then discusses common types of security attacks like passive attacks involving unauthorized access and active attacks involving modifying information. It also outlines various cryptographic attacks against cryptosystems like ciphertext-only, known plaintext, chosen plaintext, and brute force attacks. Finally, it describes the main security services provided by cryptography as confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communications through techniques like encryption and decryption. It involves constructing algorithms to protect information from adversaries and ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. The main types are transposition ciphers, which rearrange letters, and substitution ciphers, which replace letters. Modern cryptography expanded with computers to encrypt any data and uses symmetric key cryptography, where senders and receivers share a key, and public key cryptography, where they have different keys. It has many applications including ATMs, email, remote access, and smart cards.
The presentation covers the following:
Basic Terms
Cryptography
The General Goals of Cryptography
Common Types of Attacks
Substitution Ciphers
Transposition Cipher
Steganography- “Concealed Writing”
Symmetric Secret Key Encryption
Types of Symmetric Algorithms
Common Symmetric Algorithms
Asymmetric Secret Key Encryption
Common Asymmetric Algorithms
Public Key Cryptography
Hashing Techniques
Hashing Algorithms
Digital Signatures
Transport Layer Security
Public key infrastructure (PKI)
This document provides information about the CS8792 CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY course. It discusses cryptography, the course outcomes, syllabus, and key concepts in cryptography including symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, data integrity algorithms, and authentication protocols. It also covers essential network and computer security requirements, legal and ethical issues, security policies, OSI security architecture including security attacks, mechanisms, and services.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the basic architecture and types of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, and hash functions. The document outlines the process of cryptography and different algorithm types, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions. It concludes by discussing different types of attacks on cryptography and thanking the audience.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the basic architecture and types of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, and hash functions. The document outlines the process of cryptography and different algorithm types, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions. It concludes by discussing different types of attacks on cryptography and thanking the audience.
An introduction to asymmetric cryptography with an in-depth look at RSA, Diffie-Hellman, the FREAK and LOGJAM attacks on TLS/SSL, and the "Mining your P's and Q's attack".
RSA is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm used for encrypting and decrypting messages. It uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption such that a message encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. The RSA algorithm involves three steps: key generation, encryption, and decryption. It addresses issues of key distribution and digital signatures.
Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can read it. There are two main types of encryption: symmetric key encryption which uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key encryption which uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt. While symmetric encryption is faster, asymmetric encryption is more secure since it does not require sharing the same key. Encryption is widely used to provide authentication, privacy, integrity, and accountability of data.
The document discusses cryptography concepts such as encryption algorithms, key management, digital signatures, and cryptanalysis attacks. It covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems as well as specific algorithms like DES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography. The document also examines requirements for secrecy, authenticity and properties of cryptographic systems.
Key management: Introduction, How public key distribution done, Diffie Hellman Key Exchage Algorithm,Digital Certificate. Key Management using Digital certificate is done etc. wireshark screenshot showing digital cetificate.
RC4 is a symmetric key stream cipher algorithm invented in 1987. It operates by combining a pseudo-random keystream with plaintext using XOR operations. The keystream is generated from an initial random permutation of bytes. RC4 has been used to encrypt network traffic but weaknesses have been found, including biases in the early output bytes that allow recovery of encryption keys. While simple and fast, RC4 is no longer considered secure for many applications.
This document provides an overview of cryptography including:
1. Cryptography is the process of encoding messages to protect information and ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication and other security goals.
2. There are symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms that use the same or different keys for encryption and decryption. Examples include AES, RSA, and DES.
3. Other techniques discussed include digital signatures, visual cryptography, and ways to implement cryptography like error diffusion and halftone visual cryptography.
- DES (Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric block cipher algorithm that encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key. It was the first encryption standard adopted by the U.S. government for protecting sensitive unclassified federal government information.
- DES works by performing 16 rounds of complex substitutions and permutations on each data block, encrypting it using the key. It has various modes of operation like ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, and CTR that specify how it operates on data.
- In 1998, DES was broken using a brute force attack by the Electronic Frontier Foundation in just 3 days, showing the need for stronger algorithms like AES which replaced DES as the encryption standard
This document discusses cryptographic hash functions. It defines hashing as transforming a variable length string into a shorter, fixed length value. Cryptographic hash functions are designed to be one-way and resistant to tampering. They are important for security applications like digital signatures, message authentication and password verification. Commonly used hash functions include MD5 and SHA-1 which take arbitrary inputs and produce fixed-length outputs.
The document provides an overview of digital signatures, including their history, theory, workings, and importance. Digital signatures were first proposed in 1976 and use public key cryptography to validate the authenticity and integrity of electronic documents and messages. They work by encrypting a hash of the message with the sender's private key, which can later be decrypted and verified by the recipient using the sender's public key. This allows the recipient to confirm the message has not been tampered with and was signed by the proper sender. Digital signatures provide security benefits like non-repudiation and are legally recognized in many countries and applications.
Today in modern era of internet we share some sensitive data to information transmission. but need to ensure security. So we focus on Cryptography modern technique for secure transmission of information over network.
This document discusses network security and cryptography. It begins by defining a network and some common network threats. It then discusses network security goals like avoiding denial of service attacks. The document outlines different cryptography techniques like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography. Symmetric cryptography uses a shared key while asymmetric uses public and private keys. Specific algorithms like RSA and DES are described. The document proposes combining numerals and alphabets in encryption to increase security. It concludes cryptography can securely hide and transmit data through encryption and decryption.
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
This document provides an overview of information security and cryptography. It discusses objectives of security like avoiding data threats. It also covers topics like password auditing, data security, authentication, encryption, decryption, public and private key cryptography, digital signatures, and the RSA algorithm. It demonstrates an example of encrypting a message using RSA and decrypting the cipher text. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of information security.
This document discusses cryptography and its various aspects. Cryptography is the science of securing communication and information. It involves encryption to encode data into an unreadable format and decryption to decode it. There are different types of cryptography like symmetric key, public key, and hash functions. Symmetric key uses a single key for encryption and decryption while public key uses different keys. Hash functions create a unique digest from data but the data cannot be recovered from the digest. Cryptography provides security features like authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation. Keys are numerical values used in encryption algorithms. The document outlines advantages like privacy and disadvantages like the time needed for encryption and decryption.
This document discusses the OSI security architecture and its key concepts of security attacks, mechanisms, and services. It defines security attacks as any action compromising information security, security mechanisms as tools to detect, prevent or recover from attacks, and security services as services enhancing security. The document then discusses common types of security attacks like passive attacks involving unauthorized access and active attacks involving modifying information. It also outlines various cryptographic attacks against cryptosystems like ciphertext-only, known plaintext, chosen plaintext, and brute force attacks. Finally, it describes the main security services provided by cryptography as confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation.
Cryptography is the practice of securing communications through techniques like encryption and decryption. It involves constructing algorithms to protect information from adversaries and ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. The main types are transposition ciphers, which rearrange letters, and substitution ciphers, which replace letters. Modern cryptography expanded with computers to encrypt any data and uses symmetric key cryptography, where senders and receivers share a key, and public key cryptography, where they have different keys. It has many applications including ATMs, email, remote access, and smart cards.
The presentation covers the following:
Basic Terms
Cryptography
The General Goals of Cryptography
Common Types of Attacks
Substitution Ciphers
Transposition Cipher
Steganography- “Concealed Writing”
Symmetric Secret Key Encryption
Types of Symmetric Algorithms
Common Symmetric Algorithms
Asymmetric Secret Key Encryption
Common Asymmetric Algorithms
Public Key Cryptography
Hashing Techniques
Hashing Algorithms
Digital Signatures
Transport Layer Security
Public key infrastructure (PKI)
This document provides information about the CS8792 CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY course. It discusses cryptography, the course outcomes, syllabus, and key concepts in cryptography including symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, data integrity algorithms, and authentication protocols. It also covers essential network and computer security requirements, legal and ethical issues, security policies, OSI security architecture including security attacks, mechanisms, and services.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the basic architecture and types of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, and hash functions. The document outlines the process of cryptography and different algorithm types, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions. It concludes by discussing different types of attacks on cryptography and thanking the audience.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the basic architecture and types of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, and hash functions. The document outlines the process of cryptography and different algorithm types, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions. It concludes by discussing different types of attacks on cryptography and thanking the audience.
Presentationon ON THE TOPIC CRYPTOGRAPHYBARATH800940
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the basic architecture and types of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, and hash functions. The document outlines the process of cryptography and different algorithm types, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions. It concludes by discussing different types of attacks on cryptography and thanking the audience.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It defines cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, including authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. The document outlines the basic architecture of cryptography, including secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, hash functions, and types of cryptographic attacks. It describes the processes of public/private key cryptography and different types of cryptographic algorithms.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. Cryptography is the practice of hiding information to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. There are two main types: secret key cryptography which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. Popular cryptographic algorithms include RSA and hash functions. Cryptography aims to provide security against common attacks such as ciphertext-only attacks.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins by defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information by converting intelligible data into unintelligible data. The main purposes of cryptography are authentication, privacy/confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. The document then discusses secret key cryptography, which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography, which uses separate public and private keys. It also mentions some common cryptographic algorithms and attacks, such as cipher text only attacks and known plaintext attacks. Finally, the conclusion states that different algorithms provide security services and that private or public key cryptography can be used depending on requirements for speed or secrecy.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with defining cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its purposes, which include authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. The document then covers the basic architecture of cryptography systems and the main types, including secret key cryptography and public key cryptography. It also outlines some common cryptographic algorithms like hashing and public/private key cryptography. Finally, it briefly discusses different types of attacks on cryptography and concludes with references.
Cryptography is the practice of hiding information to store or communicate it in a secure way. It allows for confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of messages. There are two main types: symmetric key cryptography which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography which uses different public and private keys. Popular symmetric algorithms include AES and DES, while RSA is an example of an asymmetric algorithm. The seminar discussed the components, processes, and applications of cryptography as well as examples of algorithms and common attacks.
Cryptography is a method of protecting information through codes so that only intended recipients can access it. It provides confidentiality, integrity, accuracy, and authentication. There are two main categories: symmetric cryptography which uses the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric cryptography which uses different public and private keys. Encryption converts plain text into cipher text while decryption reverses the process. Cryptography has applications in defense, e-commerce, banking, and other areas where secure transmission of information is needed.
This document discusses computer security and network cryptography. It begins by explaining how organizations can use cryptosystems like symmetric and asymmetric encryption to protect data. Symmetric encryption is faster but requires secure key exchange, while asymmetric encryption uses public and private key pairs. The document then defines cryptography terminology and components like plaintext, ciphertext, encryption, decryption, and cryptanalysis. It describes techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. The rest of the document discusses encryption models, algorithms, and cryptanalysis methods like ciphertext-only and known-plaintext attacks.
This document provides an overview of cryptography. It begins with an introduction and then defines cryptography as the practice of hiding information. The document discusses the purposes of cryptography which include authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It then describes the different types of cryptography including secret key cryptography and public key cryptography. Secret key cryptography uses a single key for encryption and decryption while public key cryptography uses separate public and private keys. The document concludes with a brief discussion of how the type of cryptography used depends on the requirements for speed or secrecy.
This document provides an overview of steganography and its modules for a PowerPoint presentation. Steganography is the art of hiding communication by concealing messages within other information. It uses various techniques to hide information in digital images or audio files. The presentation covers the encryption and decryption modules used for steganography. Encryption hides data in a host file using an algorithm while decryption extracts the data using the reverse algorithm. The modules create an application for encrypting and decrypting data files within media files to perform steganography.
Cryptography is a technique used today hiding any confidential information from the attack of an intruder. Today data communication mainly depends upon digital data communication, where prior requirement is data security, so that data should reach to the intended user. The protection of multimedia data, sensitive information like credit cards, banking transactions and social security numbers is becoming very important. The protection of these confidential data from unauthorized access can be done with many encryption techniques. So for providing data security many cryptography techniques are employed, such as symmetric and asymmetric techniques. In this review paper different asymmetric cryptography techniques, such as RSA (Rivest Shamir and Adleman), Diffie-Hellman, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) are analyzed. Also in this paper, a survey on existing work which uses different techniques for image encryption is done and a general introduction about cryptography is also given. This study extends the performance parameters used in encryption processes and analyzing on their security issues.
This document presents information on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its importance for secure internet communications. It then defines cryptography as the practice of hiding information by converting it into unintelligible data and back again. The document outlines some of the main benefits of cryptography including confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation. It also notes some drawbacks such as reduced availability and additional costs. The document describes the main purposes of cryptography as authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It provides an overview of the architecture of cryptography and the main types: secret key cryptography and public key cryptography. It concludes by noting that different algorithms are used to provide security depending on requirements.
This document presents information on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its importance for secure internet communications. It then defines cryptography as the practice of hiding information and converting intelligible data into unintelligible data. The document outlines some of the main benefits of cryptography including confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation. It also lists some drawbacks such as reduced availability and increased costs. It describes the main purposes of cryptography as authentication, privacy, integrity, and non-repudiation. It provides an overview of the architecture of cryptography and the main types: secret key cryptography and public key cryptography. It concludes that different algorithms are used to provide security services and that private and public key cryptography are used
This document provides an introduction to cryptography. It defines cryptography as the practice of hiding information and discusses its importance for secure communication. The document outlines the basic components of cryptography including plaintext, encryption, ciphertext, decryption, and keys. It also describes different types of cryptographic algorithms like the Caesar cipher and symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of implementing cryptography for network security.
Cryptography involves converting plain text into cipher text to secure communication. There are two main types: private/symmetric key cryptography uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, while public/asymmetric key cryptography uses two keys - a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt. Private key cryptography is faster but requires secure key exchange, while public key allows communication without pre-shared keys and enables authentication and digital signatures.
A Survey on Cryptographic Techniques for Network Security.pdfYasmine Anino
This document summarizes and compares several cryptographic techniques for network security, including AES, 3DES, Blowfish, and DES. It provides an overview of each algorithm, including key sizes and block sizes. AES is identified as providing better performance and security compared to other algorithms like 3DES and DES. The document also reviews related literature on encrypting data for network security and enhancing encryption methods. It concludes that AES is a better encryption algorithm than alternatives like 3DES and DES due to its performance and security against attacks like brute force.
Encryption is a fundamental concept in cryptography that involves the process of converting plaintext (readable and understandable data) into ciphertext (encoded and unintelligible data) using a mathematical algorithm and an encryption key. The primary purpose of encryption is to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive information during transmission or storage.
In the encryption process:
1. **Plaintext:** This is the original, readable data that is to be protected. It could be a message, a file, or any form of digital information.
2. **Encryption Algorithm:** An encryption algorithm is a set of mathematical rules and procedures that transform the plaintext into ciphertext. Common encryption algorithms include Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), RSA, and Triple DES.
3. **Encryption Key:** The encryption key is a piece of information used by the encryption algorithm to perform the transformation. The key determines the specific pattern and method by which the plaintext is converted into ciphertext. The strength of the encryption often depends on the length and randomness of the key.
4. **Ciphertext:** This is the result of the encryption process—the transformed and encoded data that appears random and is indecipherable without the corresponding decryption key.
Encryption serves several important purposes in the field of cryptography:
- **Confidentiality:** The primary goal of encryption is to keep information confidential and secure from unauthorized access. Even if an unauthorized party intercepts the ciphertext, they should be unable to understand or decipher it without the correct decryption key.
- **Integrity:** Encryption helps ensure the integrity of data by providing a means to detect any unauthorized modifications. If the ciphertext is altered, the decryption process will produce incorrect results, alerting the recipient to potential tampering.
- **Authentication:** In some encryption scenarios, the use of digital signatures or authenticated encryption helps verify the origin and authenticity of the encrypted data.
- **Secure Communication:** Encryption is widely used to secure communication over networks, such as the internet. Protocols like HTTPS (HTTP Secure) use encryption to protect the confidentiality of data transmitted between a web browser and a web server.
- **Data-at-Rest Protection:** Encryption is applied to data stored on devices or servers, ensuring that even if physical access is gained, the data remains protected from unauthorized viewing.
In summary, encryption is a crucial tool in the field of cryptography, providing a means to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of sensitive information in various digital environments.
This document reviews and summarizes various cryptography techniques. It discusses how cryptography provides security for data transmission by converting plain text into cipher text using encryption and back using decryption. The two main types of cryptography discussed are symmetric key cryptography which uses a single secret key for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography which uses public/private key pairs. Specific techniques covered include DES, 3DES, AES, and RSA.
5G technology will provide significantly faster wireless speeds up to 1 Gbps, lower latency, and better support for wireless connectivity between devices. It evolved from 1G to 5G networks with increasing speeds and capabilities. 5G uses new hardware like ultra wideband networks and smart antennas and software like a unified global standard and open transport protocol. Key benefits of 5G include high data bandwidth, global accessibility, and support for applications like wearable devices, media streaming, and virtual reality.
In computing ,a futex is a linux kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as posix mutexes or condition variables.
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An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent eye following an enuleatin, evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
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Digital marketing has started to prove itself to be one of the most promising arenas of technical development. Any brand, whether it is dealing in lifestyle or beauty, hospitality or any other field, should seek the help of digital marketing at some point in their journey to become successful in the online world.
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Decentralized Justice in Gaming and EsportsFederico Ast
Discover how Kleros is transforming the landscape of dispute resolution in the gaming and eSports industry through the power of decentralized justice.
This presentation, delivered by Federico Ast, CEO of Kleros, explores the innovative application of blockchain technology, crowdsourcing, and incentivized mechanisms to create fair and efficient arbitration processes.
Key Highlights:
- Introduction to Decentralized Justice: Learn about the foundational principles of Kleros and how it combines blockchain with crowdsourcing to develop a novel justice system.
- Challenges in Traditional Arbitration: Understand the limitations of conventional arbitration methods, such as high costs and long resolution times, particularly for small claims in the gaming sector.
- How Kleros Works: A step-by-step guide on the functioning of Kleros, from the initiation of a smart contract to the final decision by a jury of peers.
- Case Studies in eSports: Explore real-world scenarios where Kleros has been applied to resolve disputes in eSports, including issues like cheating, governance, player behavior, and contractual disagreements.
- Practical Implementation: Detailed walkthroughs of how disputes are handled in eSports tournaments, emphasizing speed, cost-efficiency, and fairness.
- Enhanced Transparency: The role of blockchain in providing an immutable and transparent record of proceedings, ensuring trust in the resolution process.
- Future Prospects: The potential expansion of decentralized justice mechanisms across various sectors within the gaming industry.
For more information, visit kleros.io or follow Federico Ast and Kleros on social media:
• Twitter: @federicoast
• Twitter: @kleros_io
The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly expanding, with over 75 billion connected devices expected by 2025. This growth demands robust security solutions, as IoT-related data breaches in 2022 averaged $9.44 million in costs. Additionally, 57% of IoT device owners have faced cybersecurity incidents or breaches in the past two years. For top-notch IoT security solutions, trust Lumiverse Solutions. Contact us at 9371099207.
2. Index
Introduction
What is Cryptography?
Purpose Of cryptography
Architecture of cryptography
Types of Cryptography
Process of cryptography
Types Of cryptography Algorithms
Attacks of cryptography
Conclusion
References
3. INTRODUCTION
The Internet or the global Internet is the internationally connected
network of computer networks with addresses that are
administrated by IANA (Internet address and Naming Authority).
There are many aspects to security and many applications,
ranging from secure commerce and payments to private
communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect
for secure communications is that of cryptography.
4. What is Cryptography?
Cryptography derived its name from a Greek word called
“krypto’s” which means “Hidden Secrets”.
Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. It
is the Art or Science of converting a plain intelligible data into an
unintelligible data and again retransforming that message into its
original form.
It provides Confidentiality, Integrity, and Accuracy.
5. PURPOSE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authentication: The process of proving one's identity. (The
primary forms of host-to-host authentication on the Internet
today are name-based or address-based, both of which are
notoriously weak.)
Privacy/confidentiality: Ensuring that no one can read the
message except the intended receiver.
Integrity: Assuring the receiver that the received message has
not been altered in any way from the original.
Non-repudiation: A mechanism to prove that the sender
really sent this message.
7. Types of Cryptography
Secret Key Cryptography
• Single key used to encrypt and decrypt.
• Key must be known by both parties.
• Assuming we live in a hostile environment (otherwise - why the
need for cryptography?), it may be hard to share a secret key.
8. Public Key Cryptography
One of the keys allocated to each person is called the "public
key", and is published in an open directory somewhere where
anyone can easily look it up, for example by email address.
Each entity has 2 keys:
Private Key (a secret)
Public key (well known).
9. Using Keys
Private keys are used for decrypting.
Public keys are used for encrypting.
12. Public/Private Key Cryptography
Asymmetric key cryptography overcomes the key management
problem by using different encryption and decryption key pairs.
Having knowledge of one key, say the encryption key, is not
sufficient enough to determine the other key - the decryption key.
The mathematical relationship between the public/private key
pair permits a general rule: any message encrypted with one key
of the pair can be successfully decrypted only with that key's
counterpart.
13. Hash functions
Is a type of one-way function this are fundamental for much of
cryptography.
A one way function - is a function that is easy to calculate but
hard to invert.
It is difficult to calculate the input to the function given its output.
The precise meanings of "easy" and "hard" can be specified
mathematically. With rare exceptions, almost the entire field of
public key cryptography rests on the existence of one-way
functions.
14. Attacks of cryptography
Cipher text only attack
The only data available is a target cipher text
Known plaintext attack
A target cipher text
Pairs of other cipher text and plaintext (say, previously broken
or guessing)
15. Attacks of cryptography…
Chosen plaintext attacks
A target cipher text
Can feed encryption algorithm with plaintexts and obtain
the matching cipher texts
Chosen cipher text attack
A target cipher text
Can feed decryption algorithm with cipher texts and obtain the
matching plaintext matching cipher texts
16. CONCLUSION
We use different types of algorithms to establish security
services in different service mechanisms.
We use either private key cryptography or public key
cryptography according to requirement.
If we want to send message quickly we use private key algorithm
and if we want to send messages secretly we use public key
algorithm.
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