DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY
Demography is defined as the scientific study of
human population which includes the study of
changes in population size.
It is focused on :
Changes on population size
The composition of population
The distribution of population

DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
FERTILITY
MORTALITY
MARRIAGE
MIGRATION
SOCIAL MOBILITY

DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
1) High Stationary Stage/ First stage
2) Early Expansion Stage/ Second Stage
3) Late Expansion Stage/ Third Stage
4) Low Stationary Stage/ Fourth Stage
5) Declining Stage/ Fifth Stage

1) High Stationary Stage/ First
stage
High Birth rate
High death rate
They Nullify each other’s effect
No change in size of population

Early Expansion Stage/ Second
Stage
Birth rate remains the same
Death rate decrease
Some increase in population

Late Expansion Stage/ Third
Stage
Birth rate increases
Death rate decreases
Tremendous increase in population

Low Stationary Stage/ Fourth
Stage
Low Birth rate
Low death rate
They Nullify each other’s effect
No change in size of population

Declining Stage/ Fifth Stage
Birth rate lower than death rate.
Negative growth in population

Factors influencing population size
 Age at marriage
 Duration of married life
 Family planning
 Environmental sanitation
 Education & Economic status
 Health care facility
 Nutrition
 Caste & religion
 Living standard
 Occupational health & safety
 Effective pharmaceutical

DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURMENT
The study & measurement of population using
measurement tools.
Two aspects of demographic measurement:
1. Population Static
2. Population dynamic

Demographic measurment tools
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Growth rate
• Dependency ratio
• Sex ratio
• Density
• Marietal status
• Socioeconomic status
• Population distribution
• Population size
• Life expactancy

Demographic Treands in World
• The world population crossed 1 billion nearly by the year
1800AD.
• 80% of population is in the developing of countries of
Asia, Latin America, Africa.
• Among Asian countries China has GR 0.53% & India has
GR 1.64%.
• World’s most populous country is China(21.08%),
India(16.87%), USA(4.63%), Indonesia(3.49%), Brazil
(2.8%)Pakistan(2.58%), Russia(2.42%).

AGE & SEX COMPOSITION :
 0-14Yrs :- Male > Female (1.3%)
 60+: - Female> Male (0.6%)

SEX RATIO:-
 Sex ratio of India is generally adverse to
woman.
 Highest in Kerala(1,084) & lowest in
Hariyana(877)

DEPENDENCY RATIO:
 The proportion of persons above 65 yrs of
age & children below 15 years old age are
considered to be dependent on economically
productive age group(15-64year).
 In 2005 - 59%
 2009- 55%
 2010- 54%
 2011- 54%
 2012- 53%

SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Census
Registration of Vital Statistics
Sample Registration System
Hospital / Medical Records
Popoulation Survey

CHN CONSIDERATIONS
• Documentation
• Analysis of Vital events
• Prediction for Health hazard
• Collection & interpretation of data to identify the
areas health services needed most.
• Planning & Implementation as per the information.

DEMOGRAPHY

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DEMOGRAPHY