Data governance maturity levels range from 1 to 5, with level 1 being the initial stage and level 5 being optimized. Level 1 is characterized by undocumented and ad-hoc processes, while level 2 has some repeatable policies but may lack rigor. Level 3 involves defined and documented policies, an enterprise data governance function, and cataloged data assets. Level 4 provides enterprise-wide visibility of data and executive support for data governance. Level 5 focuses on continually improving data through practices from the prior levels.