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CINET:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  	
  
Network	
  Science	
  
S.M.Shamimul	
  Hasan	
  
On	
  behalf	
  of	
  	
  
CINET	
  team	
  
	
  
Technical	
  Report	
  #	
  15-­‐060	
  
Network	
  Dynamics	
  and	
  SimulaBon	
  Science	
  Lab	
  (NDSSL)	
  
Virginia	
  BioinformaBcs	
  InsBtute	
  
Virginia	
  Tech	
  
CINET	
  Team	
  
•  Virginia	
  Tech:	
  Keith	
  Bisset,	
  Abhijin	
  Adiga,	
  	
  Edward	
  Fox,	
  
Maleq	
  Khan,	
  Chris	
  Kuhlman,	
  Henning	
  Mortveit,	
  Madhav	
  
Marathe,	
  Samarth	
  Swarup,	
  Anil	
  VullikanB	
  
•  Indiana	
  University:	
  Geoff	
  Fox,	
  Judy	
  Qiu,	
  Stephen	
  Wu	
  
•  SUNY	
  Albany:	
  S.S.	
  Ravi	
  
•  Jackson	
  State	
  University:	
  Richard	
  Aló,	
  Chris	
  Cassidy	
  
•  University	
  of	
  Houston	
  Downtown:	
  Ongard	
  Sirisaengtaksin	
  	
  
•  Argonne	
  NaBonal	
  	
  Lab	
  and	
  U.	
  Chicago:	
  Pete	
  Beckman	
  	
  
•  VT	
  Students:	
  S.M.	
  Shamimul	
  Hasan,	
  Md	
  Hasanuzzaman,	
  S	
  M	
  
Arifuzzaman,	
  Maksudul	
  Alam,	
  Sherif	
  Abdelhamid,	
  Zalia	
  
Shams,	
  Tirtha	
  Bhaaacharjee	
  
•  Persistent	
  Systems:	
  Harsha,	
  Gaurav,	
  Tanmay,	
  Rakhi,	
  
Abhijeet,	
  Niranjan	
  and	
  Team	
  
CINET:	
  Team	
  (cont.)	
  
•  Several	
  evaluators	
  are	
  incorporaBng	
  CINET	
  into	
  
courses	
  
–  S.	
  S.	
  Ravi	
  at	
  the	
  University	
  at	
  Albany,	
  SUNY	
  
–  Edward	
  Fox	
  at	
  Virginia	
  Tech	
  
–  Anil	
  VullikanB	
  at	
  Virginia	
  Tech	
  
–  Henning	
  Mortveit	
  at	
  Virginia	
  Tech	
  
–  Aravind	
  Srinivasan	
  at	
  University	
  of	
  Maryland	
  
–  Albert	
  Esterline	
  (NCAT)	
  
•  Other	
  evaluators	
  planning	
  to	
  use	
  CINET	
  in	
  
research	
  
–  Zsuzsanna	
  Fagyal	
  at	
  UIUC	
  
–  Maa	
  Macauley	
  at	
  Clemson	
  University	
  
–  T.	
  M.	
  Murali	
  at	
  Virginia	
  Tech	
  
	
  
Network	
  
“Network	
  is	
  a	
  group	
  or	
  system	
  of	
  
interconnected	
  people	
  or	
  things”	
  
-­‐	
  Oxford	
  DicBonaries	
  	
  
	
  
“Network	
  science	
  is	
  the	
  study	
  of	
  
network	
  representaBons	
  of	
  
physical,	
  biological,	
  and	
  social	
  
phenomena”	
  
-­‐	
  NaBonal	
  Research	
  Council	
  
Network	
  Science	
  
•  Research	
  in	
  network	
  science	
  has	
  been	
  increasing	
  
very	
  rapidly	
  in	
  the	
  last	
  decade,	
  in	
  many	
  different	
  
scienBfic	
  fields.	
  
•  Networks	
  can	
  be	
  very	
  large:	
  ~108	
  nodes,	
  ~1010	
  
edges,	
  requiring	
  HPC	
  for	
  analysis	
  
•  There	
  is	
  a	
  need	
  for	
  middleware,	
  i.e.,	
  an	
  interface	
  
layer	
  
o  Domain	
  experts	
  don’t	
  need	
  to	
  become	
  experts	
  in	
  graph	
  theory,	
  data	
  
mining,	
  and	
  high-­‐performance	
  compuBng	
  
o  Provides	
  an	
  abstracBon	
  layer	
  that	
  allows	
  separaBon	
  of	
  innovaBon	
  
above	
  and	
  below	
  this	
  layer	
  
CINET:	
  Vision	
  
•  Self-­‐sustainable	
  
–  Users	
  can	
  contribute	
  new	
  networks,	
  data,	
  algorithms,	
  hardware,	
  and	
  
research	
  results	
  
•  Self-­‐manageable	
  
–  End	
  users	
  will	
  be	
  insulated	
  from	
  the	
  complexiBes	
  of	
  resource	
  allocaBon,	
  
scheduling,	
  cross-­‐plahorm	
  interacBons,	
  and	
  other	
  low-­‐level	
  concerns	
  
•  Repeatable	
  Science	
  
–  The	
  exact	
  version	
  of	
  a	
  model	
  that	
  produced	
  a	
  result	
  is	
  kept	
  
–  All	
  model	
  input	
  parameters	
  are	
  captured	
  
–  Any	
  system	
  configuraBon	
  informaBon	
  is	
  captured	
  
–  All	
  input	
  data	
  versions	
  are	
  kept	
  
–  The	
  enBre	
  set	
  of	
  configuraBon	
  informaBon	
  for	
  an	
  experiment	
  (mulBple	
  
runs)	
  should	
  be	
  accessible	
  by	
  providing	
  a	
  URL	
  
–  Encourage	
  users	
  of	
  the	
  system	
  to	
  include	
  pointers	
  to	
  results	
  in	
  published	
  
work	
  
System	
  Architecture	
  
•  Provides	
  over	
  150+	
  networks,	
  18	
  graph	
  generators	
  and	
  80+	
  
measures	
  
•  New	
  improved	
  UI	
  for	
  Granite	
  
•  Components	
  (apps)	
  that	
  allow	
  researchers	
  to	
  interact	
  with	
  CINET:	
  
VisualizaBon	
  of	
  networks,	
  Adding	
  networks,	
  Adding	
  structural	
  
analysis	
  tools	
  
•  Structural	
  analysis	
  using	
  Galib,	
  NetworkX	
  and	
  SNAP	
  
•  Version	
  1.0	
  of	
  a	
  Python-­‐based	
  DSL	
  	
  for	
  compuBng	
  complex	
  
workflows	
  
•  Resource	
  manager	
  1.0	
  completed:	
  allows	
  mulBple	
  computaBonal	
  
and	
  analyBcal	
  resources	
  to	
  be	
  used	
  and	
  selected	
  
•  Website	
  with	
  addiBonal	
  resources	
  (course	
  notes,	
  etc.).	
  
Version	
  2.0	
  
Digital	
  Library	
  
Digital	
  Library:	
  	
  
v Support	
  network	
  science	
  research	
  
v Manage	
  conBnuously	
  produced,	
  large-­‐scale	
  
scienBfic	
  output	
  
v Provide	
  simulaBon-­‐specific	
  services	
  to	
  support	
  
science	
  
v Manage	
  large	
  network	
  graphs	
  and	
  workflow	
  of	
  
content	
  collecBons	
  
	
  
Digital	
  Library	
  
Data:	
  
–  List	
  of	
  networks	
  &	
  metadata.	
  
–  List	
  of	
  measures	
  &	
  metadata.	
  
–  Parameters	
  for	
  measures.	
  
–  List	
  of	
  generators	
  &	
  metadata.	
  
–  Parameters	
  for	
  generators.	
  
Services:	
  
— MemoizaBon:	
  Record	
  details	
  of	
  every	
  experiment	
  run	
  
— IncenBvizaBon:	
  Report	
  how	
  many	
  Bmes	
  a	
  parBcular	
  
graph	
  was	
  used	
  
— Browsing	
  and	
  Searching:	
  graphs,	
  measures,	
  results	
  
TransacBonal	
  Data	
  
•  Following	
  data	
  is	
  stored	
  in	
  database	
  	
  
–  Users	
  
–  Details	
  Network	
  Analysis	
  run	
  by	
  users	
  including	
  parameters	
  set	
  for	
  
each	
  
–  Details	
  Generator	
  Analysis	
  run	
  by	
  users	
  including	
  parameters	
  set	
  for	
  
each	
  
•  Following	
  is	
  stored	
  in	
  file	
  system	
  
–  Output	
  files	
  of	
  Network	
  &	
  Generator	
  Analysis.	
  
•  Mapping	
  exists	
  between	
  data	
  stored	
  in	
  
database	
  and	
  file	
  system	
  
Performance	
  Improvements	
  
•  Blackboard	
  is	
  used	
  ONLY	
  for	
  placing	
  job	
  
request	
  
•  Simpler	
  &	
  fewer	
  number	
  of	
  components	
  
•  Components	
  are	
  fully	
  distributed	
  –	
  Web-­‐app,	
  
blackboard,	
  brokers	
  exist	
  on	
  separate	
  VMs	
  
•  Brokers	
  are	
  no	
  more	
  required	
  to	
  poll	
  the	
  data	
  
but	
  directly	
  noBfied	
  by	
  blackboard	
  container.	
  
	
  
Resource	
  Manager	
  
•  Decides	
  what	
  is	
  the	
  best	
  resource	
  for	
  a	
  given	
  
job	
  request	
  
– Through	
  a	
  set	
  of	
  defined	
  rules	
  
•  Tracks	
  the	
  health	
  of	
  and	
  load	
  on	
  compute	
  
resources	
  
– And,	
  considers	
  this	
  knowledge	
  in	
  
determining	
  the	
  best	
  resource(s)	
  
Granite	
  
Structural	
  Analysis	
  of	
  Complex	
  
Networks	
  
Graph	
  Analysis	
  Resources	
  and	
  Challenges	
  
•  Resources	
  :	
  
–  StaBc	
  Analysis	
  tools:	
  Provide	
  efficient	
  implementaBons	
  of	
  
various	
  graph	
  measures	
  or	
  algorithms	
  (e.g.,	
  Galib,	
  
NetworkX).	
  	
  
–  Large	
  collecBon	
  of	
  Data	
  Sets	
  (of	
  networks)	
  
•  Challenge	
  1:	
  How	
  can	
  we	
  make	
  an	
  analyBc	
  engine	
  that	
  will	
  
–  Reduce	
  programming	
  overhead,	
  	
  
–  Reuse	
  	
  exisBng	
  resources	
  	
  
•  Challenge	
  2:	
  Provide	
  a	
  simple	
  computaBonal	
  interface	
  to	
  
Domain	
  Experts	
  to	
  use	
  available	
  resources	
  and	
  program	
  
interacBvely	
  
CINET	
  -­‐	
  Granite	
  
•  Granite	
  allows	
  users	
  to	
  run	
  various	
  network	
  measures	
  on	
  a	
  variety	
  
of	
  networks	
  
–  Measures	
  can	
  either	
  be	
  staBc	
  (e.g.,	
  degree	
  distribuBon,	
  cluster	
  
coefficient)	
  or	
  dynamic	
  (e.g.,	
  disease	
  diffusion)	
  
–  Network	
  size	
  can	
  range	
  from	
  Bny	
  (10s	
  of	
  nodes)	
  to	
  very	
  large	
  
(100s	
  of	
  millions	
  of	
  nodes)	
  
•  Granite	
  automaBcally	
  picks	
  best	
  implementaBon	
  of	
  specified	
  
measure	
  
•  Granite	
  automaBcally	
  picks	
  most	
  appropriate	
  compute	
  resource	
  
•  Granite	
  includes	
  modules	
  from	
  three	
  graph	
  algorithm	
  
libraries:	
  
–  Galib	
  (developed	
  at	
  NDSSL)	
  	
  
–  NetworkX	
  (developed	
  at	
  Los	
  Alamos	
  NaBonal	
  Lab)	
  	
  
–  SNAP	
  (developed	
  at	
  Stanford	
  University)	
  
Graph	
  Libraries	
  
CINET:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  	
  Network	
  
Science	
  
Graph	
  Centrality	
  Measures	
  in	
  CINET	
  
u  Degree	
  list	
  <Node-­‐ID,	
  Degree>	
  
u  Degree	
  statistics	
  	
  
u  Degree	
  distribution	
  
u  Average	
  neighbor	
  degree	
  
u  Hub-­‐authority	
  
u  Pagerank	
  
u  Clustering	
  coefficient	
  distribution	
  
u  Streaming-­‐based	
  CC	
  distribution	
  (apprx.)	
  
u  Betweenness	
  centrality	
  
u  Closeness	
  centrality	
  
u  Degree	
  centrality	
  
u  Eigenvalue	
  centrality	
  
u  k-­‐core	
  	
  
u  k-­‐crust	
  
u  k-­‐corona	
  
u  k-­‐clique	
  coefficient	
  	
  
u  Core	
  number	
  
u  Ro	
  distribution	
  
u  Coreness	
  of	
  nodes	
  <ID,	
  coreness>	
  
u  CC	
  list	
  	
  	
  	
  <Node-­‐ID,	
  CC>	
  
u  External-­‐memory	
  CC	
  algorithm	
  
(exact)	
  
u  Parallel	
  CC	
  algorithm	
  
u  Generate	
  degree	
  sequence	
  
u  Closeness	
  centrality	
  -­‐	
  weighted	
  
u  Ro	
  distribution	
  
u  Closeness	
  vitality	
  –	
  
unweighted	
  
u  Closeness	
  vitality	
  -­‐	
  weighted	
  
u  Communicability	
  centrality	
  
u  In-­‐degree	
  centrality	
  
u  Out-­‐degree	
  centrality	
  
Graph	
  Shortest	
  path	
  and	
  
ConnecBvity	
  Measures	
  in	
  CINET	
  
u  Number	
  of	
  connected	
  components	
  	
  
u  Component	
  graph	
  
u  Component	
  size	
  distribution	
   	
  	
  
u  Strongly	
  connected	
  component	
  
u  Weakly	
  connected	
  component	
  
u  Bi-­‐connected	
  component	
  
u  Check	
  bi-­‐connectivity	
  
u  BFS	
  tree	
  /	
  forest 	
  	
  
u  BFS	
  predecessor	
  list	
  
u  BFS	
  successor	
  list	
  
u  Partitioning	
  by	
  BFS	
  traversal	
  
u  DFS	
  predecessor	
  list	
  
u  DFS	
  Successor	
  list	
  
u  DFS:	
  nodes	
  in	
  post-­‐order	
  
visits	
  
u  DFS	
  Tree	
  
u  Articulation	
  point	
  
u  Bridge	
  edges	
  
u  Diameter	
  
u  Center	
  
u  Periphery	
  
u  Check	
  connectivity	
  u  Eccentricity	
  
u  Radius	
  
u  DFS:	
  nodes	
  in	
  pre-­‐order	
  visits	
   u  Check	
  if	
  graph	
  is	
  s	
  DAG	
  
u  Topological	
  sort	
  
Weighted	
  Shortest	
  Path	
  and	
  MoBf	
  counBng	
  
u  Minimum	
  spanning	
  tree	
  
u  Single	
  source	
  shortest	
  path	
  
Weighted	
  shortest	
  path	
  related	
  
u  Shortest	
  path	
  tree/forest	
  
u  Weighted	
  diameter	
  (exact	
  and	
  approx.)	
  
u  Average	
  pairwise	
  distance	
  (exact	
  and	
  approx.)	
  
u  Distribution	
  of	
  pair-­‐wise	
  distance	
  (exact	
  and	
  approx.)	
  
Subgraph	
  /	
  Motif	
  counting	
  
u  Count	
  triangle 	
   	
  	
  	
  
u  Clique	
  counts	
  (specialized)	
  
u  Graph	
  transitivity	
  
u  All	
  maximal	
  clique	
  
u  Clique	
  number	
  
u  Largest	
  clique	
  containing	
  a	
  node	
  
Flow	
  
u  Maximum	
  flow	
  	
  
u  Minimum	
  cut	
  
CINET:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  	
  Network	
  
Science	
  
Other	
  Measures	
  
u  Shuffle	
  edges	
  
u  Degree-­‐assortative	
  shuffle	
  
u  Age-­‐assortative	
  shuffle	
  
u  Compare	
  graphs	
  
u  Remove	
  nodes	
  
u  Remove	
  edges	
  
u  Remove	
  high	
  degree	
  nodes	
  	
  	
  (top	
  x%)	
  
u  Remove	
  high	
  degree	
  nodes	
  (degree	
  >=x)	
  
u  Check	
  if	
  a	
  degree	
  sequence	
  is	
  
graphical	
  
u  Compare	
  graphs	
  
u  Isolated	
  nodes	
  
u  Vertex	
  cover	
  
u  Dominating	
  set	
  
u  Minimum	
  edge	
  dominating	
  set	
  
u  Check	
  graph	
  consistency	
  
u  Check	
  if	
  bipartite	
  graph	
  
u  Check	
  if	
  chordal	
  graph	
  
u  Maximal	
  independent	
  set	
  
u  Number	
  of	
  common	
  neighbors	
  
CINET:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  	
  Network	
  
Science	
  
Simple	
  GeneraBve	
  Models	
  of	
  
Networks	
  in	
  CINET	
  
u Random	
  graph	
  generators	
  
u  Erdos-­‐Renyi	
  random	
  graph	
  
u  G(n,	
  p)	
  graph	
  
u  G(n,	
  p)	
  component	
  
u  G(n,	
  m)	
  graph	
  
u  G(n,	
  r)	
  graph	
  
u  Watts-­‐Strogatz	
  small-­‐world	
  graph	
  
u  Waxman	
  random	
  graph	
  	
  
u  Chung-­‐Lu 	
   	
  	
  
u  Havel-­‐Hakimi	
  
u  Preferential	
  Attachment	
  
u  Small	
  world	
  
u  Circle	
  
u  Star	
  
u  Chain	
  
u  Lattice	
  
u Deterministic	
  graph	
  
generators	
  
u  Binary	
  tree	
  graph	
  
u  Star	
  
u  Wheel	
  
u  Grid	
  
u  Torus	
  
u  Hypercube	
  
u  Petersen	
  
Currently	
  Available	
  Networks	
  
•  150+	
  small	
  and	
  large	
  networks	
  
–  Sizes	
  vary	
  from	
  100	
  edges	
  to	
  110M	
  edges	
  
–  Social	
  contact	
  networks	
  	
  
•  Chicago,	
  Washington	
  DC,	
  Detroit,	
  New	
  York,	
  Seattle	
  
–  Multi-­‐modal	
  urban	
  transportation	
  networks	
  (e.g.,	
  subway,	
  cars,	
  
buses).	
  	
  
•  Portland,	
  OR	
  
–  Adolescent	
  friendship	
  networks	
  
•  High	
  school	
  in	
  New	
  River	
  Valley	
  
–  Blog	
  and	
  other	
  online	
  networks	
  
•  Slashdot,	
  Epinions	
  
–  Infrastructure	
  networks	
  
•  Ad	
  hoc	
  and	
  mesh,	
  phone	
  call,	
  electrical	
  power	
  
–  Biological	
  networks	
  
Networks	
  in	
  CINET	
  (cont.)	
  
Types	
  of	
  Networks	
  
u  Web	
  graph	
  	
  
u  Autonomous	
  System/Internet	
  	
  
u  Road/transport	
  networks	
  	
  
u  Collaboration	
  networks	
  	
  
u  Co-­‐appearance	
  networks	
  	
  
u  Social	
  networks	
  	
  
u  Biological	
  networks	
  	
  
u  Infrastructure(e.g.	
  power)	
  	
  
u  Others	
  
u  Stanford	
  SNAP	
  
u  Pajek	
  Dataset	
  
u  http://www-­‐personal.umich.edu/~mejn/netdata/	
  
u  Some	
  others	
  publicly	
  available	
  sources	
  
Original	
  Sources	
  
List	
  of	
  Networks	
  
Autonomous	
  System/Internet	
   Web	
  Graph	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010331	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010407	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010414	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010421	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010428	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010505	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010512	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010519	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐1	
  -­‐	
  010526	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010331	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010407	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010414	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010421	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010428	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010505	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010512	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010519	
  
u  Autonomous	
  systems	
  -­‐	
  Oregon-­‐2	
  -­‐	
  010526	
  
u  The	
  Internet	
  Topology	
  Zoo	
  -­‐	
  AboveNet	
  
u  The	
  Internet	
  Topology	
  Zoo	
  -­‐	
  AGIS	
  
u California	
  Web	
  Graph	
  
u EPA	
  Web	
  Graph	
  
u EuroSiS	
  web	
  mapping	
  study	
  
u Web	
  Graph	
  of	
  Berkeley	
  and	
  
Stanford	
  
Collaboration	
  Graph	
  
u Condense	
  Matter	
  collaboration	
  network	
  
u Condensed	
  Matter	
  collaborations	
  1999	
  
u Condensed	
  Matter	
  collaborations	
  2003	
  
u Condensed	
  Matter	
  collaborations	
  2005	
  
u CS	
  PhD	
  supervision	
  relation	
  graph	
  
u Erdos	
  Collaboration	
  Network	
  
u General	
  Relativity	
  and	
  Quantum	
  Cosmology	
  
collaboration	
  network	
  
u High-­‐Energy	
  Theory	
  Collaboration	
  Network	
  2001	
  
u High-­‐Energy	
  Theory	
  Collaboration	
  network	
  2003	
  
u Network	
  Science	
  Collaboration	
  
u Phenomenology	
  Collaboration	
  Network	
  
Social,	
  Proximity	
  and	
  	
  
Infrastructure	
  	
  Networks	
  
u Miami	
  Chung-­‐Lu	
  
u Miami	
  Contact	
  Network	
  
u Portland	
  Contact	
  Network	
  
u Primary	
  School	
  Cumulative	
  
Networks	
  1	
  
u Primary	
  School	
  Cumulative	
  
Networks	
  2	
  
u Seattle	
  Contact	
  Network	
  
u Slashdot	
  Social	
  Network	
  2008	
  
u Slashdot	
  Social	
  Network	
  2009	
  
u Youtube	
  Social	
  Network	
  
Road/Transport/Infrastructure	
  
Networks	
  
u Airlines	
  
u California	
  transportation	
  Network	
  
u Pennsylvania	
  transportation	
  
network	
  
u Texas	
  transportation	
  network	
  
u US	
  Air	
  Lines	
  
u US	
  Power	
  Grid	
  
u Western	
  States	
  Power	
  Grid	
  
u Dolphins'	
  Social	
  Network	
  in	
  NZ	
  
u Brightkite	
  Friendship	
  network	
  
u Enron	
  Email	
  Data	
  with	
  Manager-­‐Subordinate	
  
Relationship	
  Metadata	
  
u Enron	
  email	
  Network	
  
u Enron	
  Giant	
  Component	
  
u Epinions	
  Scoical	
  Network	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Brightkite	
  Network	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Epinions	
  Networks	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Gowalla	
  Network	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Max	
  Planck's	
  Facebook	
  
Network	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Slashdot0811	
  Network	
  
u Giant	
  Component	
  of	
  Slashdot0902	
  Network	
  
u Gowalla	
  friendship	
  network	
  
u Hypertext	
  2009	
  dynamic	
  contact	
  network	
  
u Hyves	
  Social	
  Network	
  
u Infectious	
  SocioPatterns	
  -­‐	
  2009-­‐04-­‐28	
  
u Infectious	
  SocioPatterns	
  -­‐	
  2009-­‐04-­‐29	
  
u Karate	
  network	
  
u LiveJournal	
  Social	
  Network	
  
u Max	
  Planck	
  -­‐	
  Flickr	
  Social	
  Network	
  
List	
  of	
  Networks	
  (Contd.)	
  
Biological	
  Networks	
  
Co-­‐appearance/co-­‐purchase	
  
Networks	
  
•  C.	
  Elegans	
  Neural	
  Network	
  
•  Yeast	
  PPI	
  network	
  
	
  
Games/Sports	
  Networks	
  
•  American	
  College	
  Football	
  
Network	
  
•  Soccer	
  WorldCup'98	
  
•  Les	
  Miserables	
  
•  Network	
  Gloassary	
  
•  PoliBcs	
  books	
  
•  Word	
  adjacencies	
  
Others/misc.	
  Networks	
  
•  Dynamic	
  Java	
  code	
  
•  Small	
  World	
  Network	
  
Making	
  Granite	
  Self-­‐Sustainable:	
  
Concept	
  of	
  Services	
  and	
  Apps	
  
User	
  Management	
  
•  User	
  can	
  request	
  account.	
  Account	
  is	
  operaBonal	
  
only	
  aser	
  Admin	
  acBvates	
  it.	
  
•  Admin	
  can	
  acBvate	
  or	
  deacBvate	
  accounts.	
  
•  User	
  can	
  change	
  password.	
  
•  All	
  the	
  enBBes	
  –	
  Networks,	
  Measures,	
  Generators,	
  
Analyses	
  –	
  have	
  owners.	
  	
  
User	
  Management	
  
Add	
  Network	
  
•  User	
  can	
  add	
  network	
  by	
  uploading	
  network	
  file	
  
•  Uploaded	
  network	
  is	
  validated	
  
•  For	
  valid	
  networks,	
  edges	
  &	
  nodes	
  are	
  automaBcally	
  
calculated	
  
•  Networks	
  are	
  converted	
  into	
  .gph	
  &	
  .nx	
  format	
  –	
  
•  User	
  can	
  specify	
  metadata	
  for	
  the	
  uploaded	
  network	
  
•  User	
  can	
  specify	
  if	
  the	
  network	
  is	
  –	
  
–  Public	
  :	
  available	
  to	
  all	
  users	
  for	
  analysis.	
  
–  Private:	
  available	
  to	
  only	
  the	
  owner,	
  which	
  is	
  the	
  default	
  
opBon	
  
Add	
  Network	
  
VisualizaBon	
  
•  CINETViz	
  app	
  fully	
  integrated	
  in	
  Granite.	
  
•  User	
  can	
  submit	
  visualizaBon	
  job	
  for	
  a	
  network.	
  
•  VisualizaBon	
  process	
  is	
  scalable	
  &	
  abstracted	
  
from	
  backend	
  through	
  middleware	
  (blackboard	
  &	
  
brokers)	
  
•  Once	
  visualizaBon	
  job	
  is	
  completed,	
  user	
  can	
  
view	
  &	
  download	
  generated	
  visualizaBon.	
  
•  VisualizaBon	
  has	
  2	
  user	
  interfaces	
  in	
  Granite	
  	
  
–  Quick	
  view	
  while	
  selecBng	
  network	
  for	
  analysis	
  
–  Detailed	
  view	
  in	
  VisualizaBon	
  tab	
  
Features	
  –	
  VisualizaBon	
  
 	
  VisualizaBon	
  of	
  Networks	
  (Contd.)	
  
Karate Club NetworkMiami Graph
VisualizaBon	
  of	
  Networks	
  (Contd.)	
  
Amazon Co-purchase Network
CINET	
  website	
  
•  Central	
  locaBon	
  of	
  CINET	
  
•  Portal	
  for	
  course	
  materials	
  	
  
•  Web	
  address	
  
hJp://www.vbi.vt.edu/ndssl/cinet	
  
	
  
CINET:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  	
  Network	
  
Science	
  
Graph	
  Dynamical	
  Systems	
  Calculator	
  (GDSC)	
  
•  Provide	
  a	
  Web	
  ApplicaBon	
  to	
  
enable	
  users	
  to	
  compute	
  
dynamics	
  for	
  their	
  systems.	
  
•  Evaluate	
  arbitrary	
  (small)	
  
graphs,	
  a	
  range	
  of	
  vertex	
  
funcBons,	
  and	
  update	
  
schemes.	
  
•  GDSC	
  is	
  an	
  applicaBon	
  in	
  
CINET.	
  
Overview
Future	
  Work	
  
•  Add	
  graph	
  modificaBon	
  algorithms	
  
–  Remove	
  edges	
  
–  Swap	
  edges	
  
•  Add	
  data	
  model	
  to	
  manage	
  system	
  workflow	
  
•  Domain	
  specific	
  language	
  
•  Registry	
  Service	
  
 
Digital	
  Library	
  to	
  support	
  
ComputaBonal	
  Epidemiology	
  Datasets	
  
SyntheBc	
  InformaBon	
  Based	
  Epidemiological	
  
Laboratory	
  (SIBEL)	
  
The	
  Problem	
  
•  ComputaBonal	
  epidemiology	
  employs	
  computer	
  
models	
  and	
  informaBcs	
  tools	
  to	
  reason	
  about	
  the	
  
spaBo-­‐temporal	
  spread	
  of	
  diseases.	
  
•  Studies	
  are	
  conducted,	
  in	
  general,	
  through	
  the	
  
use	
  of	
  a	
  simulaBon	
  and	
  require	
  informaBon	
  on	
  
the	
  populaBon	
  structure,	
  agent	
  behavior,	
  disease	
  
transmission,	
  and	
  a	
  model	
  of	
  the	
  disease.	
  
•  The	
  heterogeneous	
  content	
  includes	
  metadata,	
  
text,	
  tables,	
  spreadsheets,	
  experimental	
  
descripBons,	
  and	
  large	
  result	
  files.	
  
NDSSL’s	
  networked	
  epidemiology	
  data	
  repository	
  
Category	
   Data	
   Size	
   Representation	
  
Synthetic	
  
Population	
  
Household,	
  
Person	
  
Activity	
  
566	
  GB	
   Relational	
  
Social	
  
Network	
  
and	
  Output	
  
Contact	
  
Network,	
  
Simulation	
  
Output	
  
1.84	
  TB	
   File	
  
Experiment	
   Experiment	
   240	
  GB	
   Relational	
  
The	
  Problem	
  (cont.)	
  
•  Data	
  access	
  and	
  digital	
  library	
  services	
  in	
  current	
  setups	
  are	
  
cumbersome	
  due	
  to	
  heterogeneity	
  and	
  fragmentaBon	
  
across	
  datasets.	
  
•  There	
  is	
  no	
  accepted	
  framework	
  that	
  allows	
  unified	
  access	
  
to	
  such	
  content.	
  
•  The	
  diversity	
  of	
  models,	
  data	
  sources,	
  data	
  
representaBons,	
  and	
  modaliBes	
  that	
  are	
  collected,	
  used,	
  
and	
  modified	
  moBvate	
  the	
  development	
  of	
  a	
  digital	
  library	
  
(DL)	
  framework	
  to	
  support	
  computaBonal	
  epidemiology.	
  
•  We	
  propose	
  a	
  data	
  mapping	
  framework	
  for	
  digital	
  library	
  
systems	
  for	
  computaBonal	
  epidemiology	
  datasets.	
  
•  The	
  proposed	
  framework	
  provides	
  a	
  unified	
  view	
  to	
  access	
  
and	
  query	
  complete	
  epidemiology	
  workflow	
  data.	
  
Unified	
  View	
  to	
  Access	
  and	
  Query	
  Complete	
  
Epidemiology	
  Workflow	
  Data	
  
Resource	
  DescripBon	
  Framework	
  (RDF)	
  
•  Directed	
  labeled	
  graphs	
  
•  Model	
  elements	
  
–  Resource:	
  These	
  are	
  the	
  things	
  being	
  described	
  by	
  
RDF	
  expressions.	
  	
  
–  Property:	
  Is	
  a	
  specific	
  aspect,	
  characterisBc,	
  aaribute	
  
or	
  	
  	
  relaBon	
  used	
  to	
  describe	
  a	
  resource	
  Value	
  
–  Statement:	
  A	
  statement	
  in	
  RDF	
  consists	
  of	
  
	
  resource	
  +	
  property	
  +	
  value	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  subject	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  predicate	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  object	
  	
  
RDF	
  Example	
  
•  For	
  the	
  statement	
  “Shamimul	
  Hasan	
  is	
  the	
  creator	
  of	
  the	
  
web	
  page	
  www.vt.edu/~shasan2.	
  	
  
•  We	
  have	
  RDF	
  statement	
  as	
  
•  Node	
  and	
  arc	
  diagram	
  as	
  
Subject(resource)	
   www.vt.edu/~shasan2	
  
Predicate(property)	
   creator	
  
Object(literal)	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   “Shamimul	
  Hasan”	
  
www.umr.edu/~shasan2 Shamimul Hasan
creator	
  
Framework	
  
•  Data	
  mapping	
  provides	
  us	
  the	
  flexibility	
  to	
  switch	
  between	
  various	
  
databases	
  and	
  execute	
  queries	
  on	
  them.	
  
Experimental	
  Study	
  
•  We	
  considered	
  a	
  real-­‐Bme	
  epidemiology	
  
simulaBon	
  study	
  conducted	
  in	
  the	
  Seaale	
  
area.	
  The	
  study	
  assumed	
  that	
  influenza	
  
transmits	
  in	
  various	
  regional	
  populaBons	
  
through	
  person-­‐person	
  contact.	
  
•  We	
  use	
  the	
  D2RQ	
  Mapping	
  Language	
  to	
  
convert	
  relaBonal	
  and	
  file	
  data	
  to	
  RDF	
  graphs,	
  
Virtuoso	
  Open-­‐Source	
  EdiBon	
  6.1.6	
  as	
  RDF	
  
data	
  engine,	
  and	
  the	
  SPARQL	
  query	
  language.	
  
Experimental	
  Study	
  (cont.)	
  
Databases	
   RDF	
  
Graph	
  Size	
  (GB)	
  
Number	
  
of	
  Triples	
  
RDF	
  Graph	
  
Generation	
  
Time	
  (Minutes)	
  
Seattle	
  
Synthetic	
  
Population	
  
177	
   661,848,662	
   317	
  
Output	
   3.10	
   12,979,996	
   6	
  
Experiment	
   0.01	
   66,654	
   0.37	
  
Experimental	
  Study	
  (cont.)	
  
Queries	
   Bottom-­‐up	
  Approach	
  
(SPARQL	
  Query	
  
Runtime	
  in	
  Seconds)	
  
Top-­‐down	
  Approach	
  
(SPARQL	
  Query	
  
Runtime	
  in	
  Seconds)	
  
How	
  many	
  people	
  of	
  a	
  
particular	
  demographic	
  
are	
  sick?	
  
0.04	
   7.18	
  
Find	
  who	
  infected	
  
whom	
  
of	
  a	
  particular	
  
Demographic	
  
0.38	
   9.18	
  
How	
  many	
  people	
  get	
  
infected	
  on	
  a	
  particular	
  
simulation	
  day?	
  
0.03	
   5.76	
  
Reference	
  
•  Sherif	
  Hanie	
  El	
  Meligy	
  Abdelhamid,	
  Md.	
  Maksudul	
  Alam,	
  Richard	
  Aló,	
  Shaikh	
  Arifuzzaman,	
  Peter	
  H.	
  
Beckman,	
  Tirtha	
  Bhaaacharjee,	
  Md	
  Hasanuzzaman	
  Bhuiyan,	
  Keith	
  R.	
  Bisset,	
  Stephen	
  Eubank,	
  
Albert	
  C.	
  Esterline,	
  Edward	
  A.	
  Fox,	
  Geoffrey	
  Fox,	
  S.	
  M.	
  Shamimul	
  Hasan,	
  Harshal	
  Hayatnagarkar,	
  
Maleq	
  Khan,	
  Chris	
  J.	
  Kuhlman,	
  Madhav	
  V.	
  Marathe,	
  Natarajan	
  Meghanathan,	
  Henning	
  S.	
  Mortveit,	
  
Judy	
  Qiu,	
  S.	
  S.	
  Ravi,	
  Zalia	
  Shams,	
  Ongard	
  Sirisaengtaksin,	
  Samarth	
  Swarup,	
  Anil	
  Kumar	
  S.	
  VullikanB,	
  
Tak-­‐Lon	
  Wu:	
  CINET	
  2.0:	
  A	
  CyberInfrastructure	
  for	
  Network	
  Science.	
  eScience	
  2014:	
  324-­‐331	
  
•  S.	
  M.	
  Shamimul	
  Hasan,	
  Sandeep	
  Gupta,	
  Edward	
  A.	
  Fox,	
  Keith	
  R.	
  Bisset,	
  Madhav	
  V.	
  Marathe:	
  Data	
  
mapping	
  framework	
  in	
  a	
  digital	
  library	
  with	
  computaBonal	
  epidemiology	
  datasets.	
  JCDL	
  2014:	
  
449-­‐450	
  
•  S.	
  M.	
  Shamimul	
  Hasan,	
  Keith	
  R.	
  Bisset,	
  Edward	
  A.	
  Fox,	
  Kevin	
  Hall,	
  Jonathan	
  Leidig,	
  Madhav	
  V.	
  
Marathe:	
  An	
  Extensible	
  Digital	
  Library	
  Service	
  to	
  Support	
  Network	
  Science.	
  ICCS	
  2013:	
  419-­‐428	
  
•  Sherif	
  Elmeligy	
  Abdelhamid,	
  Richard	
  Aló,	
  S.	
  M.	
  Arifuzzaman,	
  Peter	
  H.	
  Beckman,	
  Md	
  Hasanuzzaman	
  
Bhuiyan,	
  Keith	
  R.	
  Bisset,	
  Edward	
  A.	
  Fox,	
  Geoffrey	
  Charles	
  Fox,	
  Kevin	
  Hall,	
  S.	
  M.	
  Shamimul	
  Hasan,	
  
Anurodh	
  Joshi,	
  Maleq	
  Khan,	
  Chris	
  J.	
  Kuhlman,	
  Spencer	
  J.	
  Lee,	
  Jonathan	
  Leidig,	
  Hemanth	
  
MakkapaB,	
  Madhav	
  V.	
  Marathe,	
  Henning	
  S.	
  Mortveit,	
  Judy	
  Qiu,	
  S.	
  S.	
  Ravi,	
  Zalia	
  Shams,	
  Ongard	
  
Sirisaengtaksin,	
  Rajesh	
  Subbiah,	
  Samarth	
  Swarup,	
  Nick	
  Trebon,	
  Anil	
  VullikanB,	
  Zhao	
  Zhao:	
  
•  CINET:	
  A	
  cyberinfrastructure	
  for	
  network	
  science.	
  eScience	
  2012:	
  1-­‐8	
  
•  Resource	
  DescripBon	
  Framework	
  (RDF)	
  developed	
  by	
  	
  World	
  Wide	
  Web	
  ConsorBum	
  (W3C)-­‐	
  hap://
bit.ly/1aXP5k2	
  
Student	
  AcBvity	
  
•  Please	
  Visit	
  Granite	
  website:	
  	
  
	
  hap://ndssl.vbi.vt.edu/apps/cinet/	
  
•  Launch	
  App	
  
•  Login	
  
–  Username:	
  demo 	
  	
  
–  Password:	
  demo1234	
  
•  Start	
  a	
  New	
  Analysis	
  with	
  “Karate”	
  network	
  
and	
  “PageRank”	
  measure.	
  
•  Check	
  analysis	
  report.	
  
Many	
  Thanks!	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
AddiBonal	
  Slides	
  	
  
Extensible	
  MemoizaBon	
  Service	
  
•  Query	
  a	
  set	
  of	
  digital	
  objects	
  that	
  exactly	
  match	
  a	
  metadata	
  
paaern	
  
•  UBlizaBon	
  
–  EducaBon	
  –	
  students	
  
–  Baseline	
  scenarios	
  
–  Comparisons,	
  body	
  base,	
  similar	
  regions	
  
	
  
Architecture	
  
Architecture	
  (Cont.)	
  
Architecture	
  (Cont.)	
  
•  Small	
  |G|	
  <	
  100,000	
  
–  Example:	
  RND-­‐G(n,p)	
  Random	
  Graph	
  1	
  (nodes:1,000,	
  
edges:	
  4,971)	
  
•  Medium	
  100,000	
  ≤|G|<10,000,000	
  
–  Example:	
  RND-­‐G(n,p)	
  Random	
  Graph	
  500	
  (nodes:	
  
500,000,	
  edges:	
  5.00E+06)	
  
•  Large	
  |G|≥10,000,000	
  
–  Example:	
  Seaale	
  contact	
  network	
  (nodes:	
  3,207,037,	
  and	
  
edges:	
  8.66E+07).	
  
	
  
	
  
Network	
  Category	
  
Performance	
  
§  Shadowfax	
  (Virginia	
  Tech)	
  
§  912	
  cores,	
  5	
  TB	
  RAM,	
  80	
  TB	
  storage,	
  7168	
  CUDA	
  cores	
  
§  100+	
  networks	
  
§  100+	
  measures	
  
Performance	
  

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CINET: A CyberInfrastructure for Network Science

  • 1. CINET:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for     Network  Science   S.M.Shamimul  Hasan   On  behalf  of     CINET  team     Technical  Report  #  15-­‐060   Network  Dynamics  and  SimulaBon  Science  Lab  (NDSSL)   Virginia  BioinformaBcs  InsBtute   Virginia  Tech  
  • 2. CINET  Team   •  Virginia  Tech:  Keith  Bisset,  Abhijin  Adiga,    Edward  Fox,   Maleq  Khan,  Chris  Kuhlman,  Henning  Mortveit,  Madhav   Marathe,  Samarth  Swarup,  Anil  VullikanB   •  Indiana  University:  Geoff  Fox,  Judy  Qiu,  Stephen  Wu   •  SUNY  Albany:  S.S.  Ravi   •  Jackson  State  University:  Richard  Aló,  Chris  Cassidy   •  University  of  Houston  Downtown:  Ongard  Sirisaengtaksin     •  Argonne  NaBonal    Lab  and  U.  Chicago:  Pete  Beckman     •  VT  Students:  S.M.  Shamimul  Hasan,  Md  Hasanuzzaman,  S  M   Arifuzzaman,  Maksudul  Alam,  Sherif  Abdelhamid,  Zalia   Shams,  Tirtha  Bhaaacharjee   •  Persistent  Systems:  Harsha,  Gaurav,  Tanmay,  Rakhi,   Abhijeet,  Niranjan  and  Team  
  • 3. CINET:  Team  (cont.)   •  Several  evaluators  are  incorporaBng  CINET  into   courses   –  S.  S.  Ravi  at  the  University  at  Albany,  SUNY   –  Edward  Fox  at  Virginia  Tech   –  Anil  VullikanB  at  Virginia  Tech   –  Henning  Mortveit  at  Virginia  Tech   –  Aravind  Srinivasan  at  University  of  Maryland   –  Albert  Esterline  (NCAT)   •  Other  evaluators  planning  to  use  CINET  in   research   –  Zsuzsanna  Fagyal  at  UIUC   –  Maa  Macauley  at  Clemson  University   –  T.  M.  Murali  at  Virginia  Tech    
  • 4. Network   “Network  is  a  group  or  system  of   interconnected  people  or  things”   -­‐  Oxford  DicBonaries       “Network  science  is  the  study  of   network  representaBons  of   physical,  biological,  and  social   phenomena”   -­‐  NaBonal  Research  Council  
  • 5. Network  Science   •  Research  in  network  science  has  been  increasing   very  rapidly  in  the  last  decade,  in  many  different   scienBfic  fields.   •  Networks  can  be  very  large:  ~108  nodes,  ~1010   edges,  requiring  HPC  for  analysis   •  There  is  a  need  for  middleware,  i.e.,  an  interface   layer   o  Domain  experts  don’t  need  to  become  experts  in  graph  theory,  data   mining,  and  high-­‐performance  compuBng   o  Provides  an  abstracBon  layer  that  allows  separaBon  of  innovaBon   above  and  below  this  layer  
  • 6. CINET:  Vision   •  Self-­‐sustainable   –  Users  can  contribute  new  networks,  data,  algorithms,  hardware,  and   research  results   •  Self-­‐manageable   –  End  users  will  be  insulated  from  the  complexiBes  of  resource  allocaBon,   scheduling,  cross-­‐plahorm  interacBons,  and  other  low-­‐level  concerns   •  Repeatable  Science   –  The  exact  version  of  a  model  that  produced  a  result  is  kept   –  All  model  input  parameters  are  captured   –  Any  system  configuraBon  informaBon  is  captured   –  All  input  data  versions  are  kept   –  The  enBre  set  of  configuraBon  informaBon  for  an  experiment  (mulBple   runs)  should  be  accessible  by  providing  a  URL   –  Encourage  users  of  the  system  to  include  pointers  to  results  in  published   work  
  • 8. •  Provides  over  150+  networks,  18  graph  generators  and  80+   measures   •  New  improved  UI  for  Granite   •  Components  (apps)  that  allow  researchers  to  interact  with  CINET:   VisualizaBon  of  networks,  Adding  networks,  Adding  structural   analysis  tools   •  Structural  analysis  using  Galib,  NetworkX  and  SNAP   •  Version  1.0  of  a  Python-­‐based  DSL    for  compuBng  complex   workflows   •  Resource  manager  1.0  completed:  allows  mulBple  computaBonal   and  analyBcal  resources  to  be  used  and  selected   •  Website  with  addiBonal  resources  (course  notes,  etc.).   Version  2.0  
  • 9. Digital  Library   Digital  Library:     v Support  network  science  research   v Manage  conBnuously  produced,  large-­‐scale   scienBfic  output   v Provide  simulaBon-­‐specific  services  to  support   science   v Manage  large  network  graphs  and  workflow  of   content  collecBons    
  • 10. Digital  Library   Data:   –  List  of  networks  &  metadata.   –  List  of  measures  &  metadata.   –  Parameters  for  measures.   –  List  of  generators  &  metadata.   –  Parameters  for  generators.   Services:   — MemoizaBon:  Record  details  of  every  experiment  run   — IncenBvizaBon:  Report  how  many  Bmes  a  parBcular   graph  was  used   — Browsing  and  Searching:  graphs,  measures,  results  
  • 11. TransacBonal  Data   •  Following  data  is  stored  in  database     –  Users   –  Details  Network  Analysis  run  by  users  including  parameters  set  for   each   –  Details  Generator  Analysis  run  by  users  including  parameters  set  for   each   •  Following  is  stored  in  file  system   –  Output  files  of  Network  &  Generator  Analysis.   •  Mapping  exists  between  data  stored  in   database  and  file  system  
  • 12. Performance  Improvements   •  Blackboard  is  used  ONLY  for  placing  job   request   •  Simpler  &  fewer  number  of  components   •  Components  are  fully  distributed  –  Web-­‐app,   blackboard,  brokers  exist  on  separate  VMs   •  Brokers  are  no  more  required  to  poll  the  data   but  directly  noBfied  by  blackboard  container.    
  • 13. Resource  Manager   •  Decides  what  is  the  best  resource  for  a  given   job  request   – Through  a  set  of  defined  rules   •  Tracks  the  health  of  and  load  on  compute   resources   – And,  considers  this  knowledge  in   determining  the  best  resource(s)  
  • 14. Granite   Structural  Analysis  of  Complex   Networks  
  • 15. Graph  Analysis  Resources  and  Challenges   •  Resources  :   –  StaBc  Analysis  tools:  Provide  efficient  implementaBons  of   various  graph  measures  or  algorithms  (e.g.,  Galib,   NetworkX).     –  Large  collecBon  of  Data  Sets  (of  networks)   •  Challenge  1:  How  can  we  make  an  analyBc  engine  that  will   –  Reduce  programming  overhead,     –  Reuse    exisBng  resources     •  Challenge  2:  Provide  a  simple  computaBonal  interface  to   Domain  Experts  to  use  available  resources  and  program   interacBvely  
  • 16. CINET  -­‐  Granite   •  Granite  allows  users  to  run  various  network  measures  on  a  variety   of  networks   –  Measures  can  either  be  staBc  (e.g.,  degree  distribuBon,  cluster   coefficient)  or  dynamic  (e.g.,  disease  diffusion)   –  Network  size  can  range  from  Bny  (10s  of  nodes)  to  very  large   (100s  of  millions  of  nodes)   •  Granite  automaBcally  picks  best  implementaBon  of  specified   measure   •  Granite  automaBcally  picks  most  appropriate  compute  resource  
  • 17. •  Granite  includes  modules  from  three  graph  algorithm   libraries:   –  Galib  (developed  at  NDSSL)     –  NetworkX  (developed  at  Los  Alamos  NaBonal  Lab)     –  SNAP  (developed  at  Stanford  University)   Graph  Libraries   CINET:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for    Network   Science  
  • 18. Graph  Centrality  Measures  in  CINET   u  Degree  list  <Node-­‐ID,  Degree>   u  Degree  statistics     u  Degree  distribution   u  Average  neighbor  degree   u  Hub-­‐authority   u  Pagerank   u  Clustering  coefficient  distribution   u  Streaming-­‐based  CC  distribution  (apprx.)   u  Betweenness  centrality   u  Closeness  centrality   u  Degree  centrality   u  Eigenvalue  centrality   u  k-­‐core     u  k-­‐crust   u  k-­‐corona   u  k-­‐clique  coefficient     u  Core  number   u  Ro  distribution   u  Coreness  of  nodes  <ID,  coreness>   u  CC  list        <Node-­‐ID,  CC>   u  External-­‐memory  CC  algorithm   (exact)   u  Parallel  CC  algorithm   u  Generate  degree  sequence   u  Closeness  centrality  -­‐  weighted   u  Ro  distribution   u  Closeness  vitality  –   unweighted   u  Closeness  vitality  -­‐  weighted   u  Communicability  centrality   u  In-­‐degree  centrality   u  Out-­‐degree  centrality  
  • 19. Graph  Shortest  path  and   ConnecBvity  Measures  in  CINET   u  Number  of  connected  components     u  Component  graph   u  Component  size  distribution       u  Strongly  connected  component   u  Weakly  connected  component   u  Bi-­‐connected  component   u  Check  bi-­‐connectivity   u  BFS  tree  /  forest     u  BFS  predecessor  list   u  BFS  successor  list   u  Partitioning  by  BFS  traversal   u  DFS  predecessor  list   u  DFS  Successor  list   u  DFS:  nodes  in  post-­‐order   visits   u  DFS  Tree   u  Articulation  point   u  Bridge  edges   u  Diameter   u  Center   u  Periphery   u  Check  connectivity  u  Eccentricity   u  Radius   u  DFS:  nodes  in  pre-­‐order  visits   u  Check  if  graph  is  s  DAG   u  Topological  sort  
  • 20. Weighted  Shortest  Path  and  MoBf  counBng   u  Minimum  spanning  tree   u  Single  source  shortest  path   Weighted  shortest  path  related   u  Shortest  path  tree/forest   u  Weighted  diameter  (exact  and  approx.)   u  Average  pairwise  distance  (exact  and  approx.)   u  Distribution  of  pair-­‐wise  distance  (exact  and  approx.)   Subgraph  /  Motif  counting   u  Count  triangle         u  Clique  counts  (specialized)   u  Graph  transitivity   u  All  maximal  clique   u  Clique  number   u  Largest  clique  containing  a  node   Flow   u  Maximum  flow     u  Minimum  cut   CINET:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for    Network   Science  
  • 21. Other  Measures   u  Shuffle  edges   u  Degree-­‐assortative  shuffle   u  Age-­‐assortative  shuffle   u  Compare  graphs   u  Remove  nodes   u  Remove  edges   u  Remove  high  degree  nodes      (top  x%)   u  Remove  high  degree  nodes  (degree  >=x)   u  Check  if  a  degree  sequence  is   graphical   u  Compare  graphs   u  Isolated  nodes   u  Vertex  cover   u  Dominating  set   u  Minimum  edge  dominating  set   u  Check  graph  consistency   u  Check  if  bipartite  graph   u  Check  if  chordal  graph   u  Maximal  independent  set   u  Number  of  common  neighbors   CINET:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for    Network   Science  
  • 22. Simple  GeneraBve  Models  of   Networks  in  CINET   u Random  graph  generators   u  Erdos-­‐Renyi  random  graph   u  G(n,  p)  graph   u  G(n,  p)  component   u  G(n,  m)  graph   u  G(n,  r)  graph   u  Watts-­‐Strogatz  small-­‐world  graph   u  Waxman  random  graph     u  Chung-­‐Lu       u  Havel-­‐Hakimi   u  Preferential  Attachment   u  Small  world   u  Circle   u  Star   u  Chain   u  Lattice   u Deterministic  graph   generators   u  Binary  tree  graph   u  Star   u  Wheel   u  Grid   u  Torus   u  Hypercube   u  Petersen  
  • 23. Currently  Available  Networks   •  150+  small  and  large  networks   –  Sizes  vary  from  100  edges  to  110M  edges   –  Social  contact  networks     •  Chicago,  Washington  DC,  Detroit,  New  York,  Seattle   –  Multi-­‐modal  urban  transportation  networks  (e.g.,  subway,  cars,   buses).     •  Portland,  OR   –  Adolescent  friendship  networks   •  High  school  in  New  River  Valley   –  Blog  and  other  online  networks   •  Slashdot,  Epinions   –  Infrastructure  networks   •  Ad  hoc  and  mesh,  phone  call,  electrical  power   –  Biological  networks  
  • 24. Networks  in  CINET  (cont.)   Types  of  Networks   u  Web  graph     u  Autonomous  System/Internet     u  Road/transport  networks     u  Collaboration  networks     u  Co-­‐appearance  networks     u  Social  networks     u  Biological  networks     u  Infrastructure(e.g.  power)     u  Others   u  Stanford  SNAP   u  Pajek  Dataset   u  http://www-­‐personal.umich.edu/~mejn/netdata/   u  Some  others  publicly  available  sources   Original  Sources  
  • 25. List  of  Networks   Autonomous  System/Internet   Web  Graph   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010331   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010407   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010414   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010421   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010428   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010505   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010512   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010519   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐1  -­‐  010526   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010331   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010407   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010414   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010421   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010428   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010505   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010512   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010519   u  Autonomous  systems  -­‐  Oregon-­‐2  -­‐  010526   u  The  Internet  Topology  Zoo  -­‐  AboveNet   u  The  Internet  Topology  Zoo  -­‐  AGIS   u California  Web  Graph   u EPA  Web  Graph   u EuroSiS  web  mapping  study   u Web  Graph  of  Berkeley  and   Stanford   Collaboration  Graph   u Condense  Matter  collaboration  network   u Condensed  Matter  collaborations  1999   u Condensed  Matter  collaborations  2003   u Condensed  Matter  collaborations  2005   u CS  PhD  supervision  relation  graph   u Erdos  Collaboration  Network   u General  Relativity  and  Quantum  Cosmology   collaboration  network   u High-­‐Energy  Theory  Collaboration  Network  2001   u High-­‐Energy  Theory  Collaboration  network  2003   u Network  Science  Collaboration   u Phenomenology  Collaboration  Network  
  • 26. Social,  Proximity  and     Infrastructure    Networks   u Miami  Chung-­‐Lu   u Miami  Contact  Network   u Portland  Contact  Network   u Primary  School  Cumulative   Networks  1   u Primary  School  Cumulative   Networks  2   u Seattle  Contact  Network   u Slashdot  Social  Network  2008   u Slashdot  Social  Network  2009   u Youtube  Social  Network   Road/Transport/Infrastructure   Networks   u Airlines   u California  transportation  Network   u Pennsylvania  transportation   network   u Texas  transportation  network   u US  Air  Lines   u US  Power  Grid   u Western  States  Power  Grid   u Dolphins'  Social  Network  in  NZ   u Brightkite  Friendship  network   u Enron  Email  Data  with  Manager-­‐Subordinate   Relationship  Metadata   u Enron  email  Network   u Enron  Giant  Component   u Epinions  Scoical  Network   u Giant  Component  of  Brightkite  Network   u Giant  Component  of  Epinions  Networks   u Giant  Component  of  Gowalla  Network   u Giant  Component  of  Max  Planck's  Facebook   Network   u Giant  Component  of  Slashdot0811  Network   u Giant  Component  of  Slashdot0902  Network   u Gowalla  friendship  network   u Hypertext  2009  dynamic  contact  network   u Hyves  Social  Network   u Infectious  SocioPatterns  -­‐  2009-­‐04-­‐28   u Infectious  SocioPatterns  -­‐  2009-­‐04-­‐29   u Karate  network   u LiveJournal  Social  Network   u Max  Planck  -­‐  Flickr  Social  Network  
  • 27. List  of  Networks  (Contd.)   Biological  Networks   Co-­‐appearance/co-­‐purchase   Networks   •  C.  Elegans  Neural  Network   •  Yeast  PPI  network     Games/Sports  Networks   •  American  College  Football   Network   •  Soccer  WorldCup'98   •  Les  Miserables   •  Network  Gloassary   •  PoliBcs  books   •  Word  adjacencies   Others/misc.  Networks   •  Dynamic  Java  code   •  Small  World  Network  
  • 28. Making  Granite  Self-­‐Sustainable:   Concept  of  Services  and  Apps  
  • 29. User  Management   •  User  can  request  account.  Account  is  operaBonal   only  aser  Admin  acBvates  it.   •  Admin  can  acBvate  or  deacBvate  accounts.   •  User  can  change  password.   •  All  the  enBBes  –  Networks,  Measures,  Generators,   Analyses  –  have  owners.    
  • 31. Add  Network   •  User  can  add  network  by  uploading  network  file   •  Uploaded  network  is  validated   •  For  valid  networks,  edges  &  nodes  are  automaBcally   calculated   •  Networks  are  converted  into  .gph  &  .nx  format  –   •  User  can  specify  metadata  for  the  uploaded  network   •  User  can  specify  if  the  network  is  –   –  Public  :  available  to  all  users  for  analysis.   –  Private:  available  to  only  the  owner,  which  is  the  default   opBon  
  • 33. VisualizaBon   •  CINETViz  app  fully  integrated  in  Granite.   •  User  can  submit  visualizaBon  job  for  a  network.   •  VisualizaBon  process  is  scalable  &  abstracted   from  backend  through  middleware  (blackboard  &   brokers)   •  Once  visualizaBon  job  is  completed,  user  can   view  &  download  generated  visualizaBon.   •  VisualizaBon  has  2  user  interfaces  in  Granite     –  Quick  view  while  selecBng  network  for  analysis   –  Detailed  view  in  VisualizaBon  tab  
  • 35.    VisualizaBon  of  Networks  (Contd.)   Karate Club NetworkMiami Graph
  • 36. VisualizaBon  of  Networks  (Contd.)   Amazon Co-purchase Network
  • 37. CINET  website   •  Central  locaBon  of  CINET   •  Portal  for  course  materials     •  Web  address   hJp://www.vbi.vt.edu/ndssl/cinet     CINET:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for    Network   Science  
  • 38. Graph  Dynamical  Systems  Calculator  (GDSC)   •  Provide  a  Web  ApplicaBon  to   enable  users  to  compute   dynamics  for  their  systems.   •  Evaluate  arbitrary  (small)   graphs,  a  range  of  vertex   funcBons,  and  update   schemes.   •  GDSC  is  an  applicaBon  in   CINET.   Overview
  • 39. Future  Work   •  Add  graph  modificaBon  algorithms   –  Remove  edges   –  Swap  edges   •  Add  data  model  to  manage  system  workflow   •  Domain  specific  language   •  Registry  Service  
  • 40.   Digital  Library  to  support   ComputaBonal  Epidemiology  Datasets  
  • 41. SyntheBc  InformaBon  Based  Epidemiological   Laboratory  (SIBEL)  
  • 42. The  Problem   •  ComputaBonal  epidemiology  employs  computer   models  and  informaBcs  tools  to  reason  about  the   spaBo-­‐temporal  spread  of  diseases.   •  Studies  are  conducted,  in  general,  through  the   use  of  a  simulaBon  and  require  informaBon  on   the  populaBon  structure,  agent  behavior,  disease   transmission,  and  a  model  of  the  disease.   •  The  heterogeneous  content  includes  metadata,   text,  tables,  spreadsheets,  experimental   descripBons,  and  large  result  files.  
  • 43. NDSSL’s  networked  epidemiology  data  repository   Category   Data   Size   Representation   Synthetic   Population   Household,   Person   Activity   566  GB   Relational   Social   Network   and  Output   Contact   Network,   Simulation   Output   1.84  TB   File   Experiment   Experiment   240  GB   Relational  
  • 44. The  Problem  (cont.)   •  Data  access  and  digital  library  services  in  current  setups  are   cumbersome  due  to  heterogeneity  and  fragmentaBon   across  datasets.   •  There  is  no  accepted  framework  that  allows  unified  access   to  such  content.   •  The  diversity  of  models,  data  sources,  data   representaBons,  and  modaliBes  that  are  collected,  used,   and  modified  moBvate  the  development  of  a  digital  library   (DL)  framework  to  support  computaBonal  epidemiology.   •  We  propose  a  data  mapping  framework  for  digital  library   systems  for  computaBonal  epidemiology  datasets.   •  The  proposed  framework  provides  a  unified  view  to  access   and  query  complete  epidemiology  workflow  data.  
  • 45. Unified  View  to  Access  and  Query  Complete   Epidemiology  Workflow  Data  
  • 46. Resource  DescripBon  Framework  (RDF)   •  Directed  labeled  graphs   •  Model  elements   –  Resource:  These  are  the  things  being  described  by   RDF  expressions.     –  Property:  Is  a  specific  aspect,  characterisBc,  aaribute   or      relaBon  used  to  describe  a  resource  Value   –  Statement:  A  statement  in  RDF  consists  of    resource  +  property  +  value                                                                                                              subject            predicate          object    
  • 47. RDF  Example   •  For  the  statement  “Shamimul  Hasan  is  the  creator  of  the   web  page  www.vt.edu/~shasan2.     •  We  have  RDF  statement  as   •  Node  and  arc  diagram  as   Subject(resource)   www.vt.edu/~shasan2   Predicate(property)   creator   Object(literal)                 “Shamimul  Hasan”   www.umr.edu/~shasan2 Shamimul Hasan creator  
  • 48. Framework   •  Data  mapping  provides  us  the  flexibility  to  switch  between  various   databases  and  execute  queries  on  them.  
  • 49. Experimental  Study   •  We  considered  a  real-­‐Bme  epidemiology   simulaBon  study  conducted  in  the  Seaale   area.  The  study  assumed  that  influenza   transmits  in  various  regional  populaBons   through  person-­‐person  contact.   •  We  use  the  D2RQ  Mapping  Language  to   convert  relaBonal  and  file  data  to  RDF  graphs,   Virtuoso  Open-­‐Source  EdiBon  6.1.6  as  RDF   data  engine,  and  the  SPARQL  query  language.  
  • 50. Experimental  Study  (cont.)   Databases   RDF   Graph  Size  (GB)   Number   of  Triples   RDF  Graph   Generation   Time  (Minutes)   Seattle   Synthetic   Population   177   661,848,662   317   Output   3.10   12,979,996   6   Experiment   0.01   66,654   0.37  
  • 51. Experimental  Study  (cont.)   Queries   Bottom-­‐up  Approach   (SPARQL  Query   Runtime  in  Seconds)   Top-­‐down  Approach   (SPARQL  Query   Runtime  in  Seconds)   How  many  people  of  a   particular  demographic   are  sick?   0.04   7.18   Find  who  infected   whom   of  a  particular   Demographic   0.38   9.18   How  many  people  get   infected  on  a  particular   simulation  day?   0.03   5.76  
  • 52. Reference   •  Sherif  Hanie  El  Meligy  Abdelhamid,  Md.  Maksudul  Alam,  Richard  Aló,  Shaikh  Arifuzzaman,  Peter  H.   Beckman,  Tirtha  Bhaaacharjee,  Md  Hasanuzzaman  Bhuiyan,  Keith  R.  Bisset,  Stephen  Eubank,   Albert  C.  Esterline,  Edward  A.  Fox,  Geoffrey  Fox,  S.  M.  Shamimul  Hasan,  Harshal  Hayatnagarkar,   Maleq  Khan,  Chris  J.  Kuhlman,  Madhav  V.  Marathe,  Natarajan  Meghanathan,  Henning  S.  Mortveit,   Judy  Qiu,  S.  S.  Ravi,  Zalia  Shams,  Ongard  Sirisaengtaksin,  Samarth  Swarup,  Anil  Kumar  S.  VullikanB,   Tak-­‐Lon  Wu:  CINET  2.0:  A  CyberInfrastructure  for  Network  Science.  eScience  2014:  324-­‐331   •  S.  M.  Shamimul  Hasan,  Sandeep  Gupta,  Edward  A.  Fox,  Keith  R.  Bisset,  Madhav  V.  Marathe:  Data   mapping  framework  in  a  digital  library  with  computaBonal  epidemiology  datasets.  JCDL  2014:   449-­‐450   •  S.  M.  Shamimul  Hasan,  Keith  R.  Bisset,  Edward  A.  Fox,  Kevin  Hall,  Jonathan  Leidig,  Madhav  V.   Marathe:  An  Extensible  Digital  Library  Service  to  Support  Network  Science.  ICCS  2013:  419-­‐428   •  Sherif  Elmeligy  Abdelhamid,  Richard  Aló,  S.  M.  Arifuzzaman,  Peter  H.  Beckman,  Md  Hasanuzzaman   Bhuiyan,  Keith  R.  Bisset,  Edward  A.  Fox,  Geoffrey  Charles  Fox,  Kevin  Hall,  S.  M.  Shamimul  Hasan,   Anurodh  Joshi,  Maleq  Khan,  Chris  J.  Kuhlman,  Spencer  J.  Lee,  Jonathan  Leidig,  Hemanth   MakkapaB,  Madhav  V.  Marathe,  Henning  S.  Mortveit,  Judy  Qiu,  S.  S.  Ravi,  Zalia  Shams,  Ongard   Sirisaengtaksin,  Rajesh  Subbiah,  Samarth  Swarup,  Nick  Trebon,  Anil  VullikanB,  Zhao  Zhao:   •  CINET:  A  cyberinfrastructure  for  network  science.  eScience  2012:  1-­‐8   •  Resource  DescripBon  Framework  (RDF)  developed  by    World  Wide  Web  ConsorBum  (W3C)-­‐  hap:// bit.ly/1aXP5k2  
  • 53. Student  AcBvity   •  Please  Visit  Granite  website:      hap://ndssl.vbi.vt.edu/apps/cinet/   •  Launch  App   •  Login   –  Username:  demo     –  Password:  demo1234   •  Start  a  New  Analysis  with  “Karate”  network   and  “PageRank”  measure.   •  Check  analysis  report.  
  • 54. Many  Thanks!            
  • 56. Extensible  MemoizaBon  Service   •  Query  a  set  of  digital  objects  that  exactly  match  a  metadata   paaern   •  UBlizaBon   –  EducaBon  –  students   –  Baseline  scenarios   –  Comparisons,  body  base,  similar  regions    
  • 60. •  Small  |G|  <  100,000   –  Example:  RND-­‐G(n,p)  Random  Graph  1  (nodes:1,000,   edges:  4,971)   •  Medium  100,000  ≤|G|<10,000,000   –  Example:  RND-­‐G(n,p)  Random  Graph  500  (nodes:   500,000,  edges:  5.00E+06)   •  Large  |G|≥10,000,000   –  Example:  Seaale  contact  network  (nodes:  3,207,037,  and   edges:  8.66E+07).       Network  Category  
  • 61. Performance   §  Shadowfax  (Virginia  Tech)   §  912  cores,  5  TB  RAM,  80  TB  storage,  7168  CUDA  cores   §  100+  networks   §  100+  measures  
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