R1 is configured to use SNMP version 2 to communicate with a management station at IP address 192.168.1.3. However, the administrator is unable to get any information from R1. The problem is likely due to an issue with the ACL configuration that was applied to limit access to the SNMP community. The ACL permits traffic from 192.168.10.3 but it is unclear if this is the correct IP address for the management station.
The document contains a list of websites related to CCNA exam questions and answers. It then provides the questions and answers for Chapter 2 of the CCNA 4 exam, covering topics such as PPP encapsulation, HSSI, LCP, NCP, authentication protocols, and troubleshooting serial interfaces.
The document provides answers to questions about CCNA 4 Chapter 2. It discusses configuring PPP encapsulation and authentication between two routers to establish a serial connection. It also covers concepts like TDM, HDLC, LCP, CHAP authentication, and using show commands to troubleshoot PPP issues.
There are 10 new questions on the CCNA 200-120 exam, focusing on topics like NAT, DHCP configuration, satellite internet characteristics, and subnetting. The document provides questions, answers, and explanations to help study for improved exam scores.
Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPTSatish Kumar
MINI PPT
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IPv6 is intended to succeed IPv4.
IPv6 implements a new addressing system that allows for far more addresses to be assigned than with Ipv4.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed by many service providers for establishing their backbone networks.
The Cisco implementation of IPv6 provider edge router over MPLS is called 6PE,and it enables IPv6 sites to communicate with each other over an MPLS IPv4 core network using MPLS label switched paths.
CISCO - CCNA 200-120
These notes will be the basis for more detailed revision.
These "CCNA 200-120" Revision Notes consist of concise summaries or outlines of topics covered, lists of essential information needed.
TakeDownCon Rocket City: Bending and Twisting Networks by Paul CogginEC-Council
This document provides technical summaries of various network attacks and exploitation techniques. It begins with an overview of the author's background and experience in network security. It then summarizes several methods, including exploiting SNMP configurations, manipulating routing tables through policy routing, using GRE and ERSPAN tunnels to enable remote packet capture, exploiting DLSw to tunnel traffic covertly, and exploiting lawful intercept functions to duplicate traffic. The goal is to educate about various risks while maintaining an instructional tone.
This document describes an ISP core routing topology project that was implemented to demonstrate how a company accesses its servers through the internet. The key features of the project include MPLS Layer 3 VPN, an IPv6 network with an IPv6 DNS server, various redundancy protocols like HSRP, VRRP and GLBP, dynamic routing protocols such as BGP, EIGRP and OSPF, and a Linux server providing services like DNS, Apache, FTP and SSH. MPLS is used to eliminate delays and provide a VPN connecting different company branches. The topology also features an IPv6 tunnel over an IPv4 network and dual stacking for IPv6/IPv4 communication.
MPLS SDN 2016 - Microloop avoidance with segment routingStephane Litkowski
The document discusses micro-loops in networks and how segment routing can be used to avoid them. Micro-loops are a natural phenomenon in hop-by-hop routed networks caused by transient disagreements between routers during convergence. Segment routing allows building a temporary loop-free path using a two-stage convergence - first using a precomputed loop-free label stack, then switching to the standard path once convergence is complete. This approach could help address issues caused by micro-loops like broken fast reroute and traffic loss.
The document contains a list of websites related to CCNA exam questions and answers. It then provides the questions and answers for Chapter 2 of the CCNA 4 exam, covering topics such as PPP encapsulation, HSSI, LCP, NCP, authentication protocols, and troubleshooting serial interfaces.
The document provides answers to questions about CCNA 4 Chapter 2. It discusses configuring PPP encapsulation and authentication between two routers to establish a serial connection. It also covers concepts like TDM, HDLC, LCP, CHAP authentication, and using show commands to troubleshoot PPP issues.
There are 10 new questions on the CCNA 200-120 exam, focusing on topics like NAT, DHCP configuration, satellite internet characteristics, and subnetting. The document provides questions, answers, and explanations to help study for improved exam scores.
Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPTSatish Kumar
MINI PPT
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IPv6 is intended to succeed IPv4.
IPv6 implements a new addressing system that allows for far more addresses to be assigned than with Ipv4.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed by many service providers for establishing their backbone networks.
The Cisco implementation of IPv6 provider edge router over MPLS is called 6PE,and it enables IPv6 sites to communicate with each other over an MPLS IPv4 core network using MPLS label switched paths.
CISCO - CCNA 200-120
These notes will be the basis for more detailed revision.
These "CCNA 200-120" Revision Notes consist of concise summaries or outlines of topics covered, lists of essential information needed.
TakeDownCon Rocket City: Bending and Twisting Networks by Paul CogginEC-Council
This document provides technical summaries of various network attacks and exploitation techniques. It begins with an overview of the author's background and experience in network security. It then summarizes several methods, including exploiting SNMP configurations, manipulating routing tables through policy routing, using GRE and ERSPAN tunnels to enable remote packet capture, exploiting DLSw to tunnel traffic covertly, and exploiting lawful intercept functions to duplicate traffic. The goal is to educate about various risks while maintaining an instructional tone.
This document describes an ISP core routing topology project that was implemented to demonstrate how a company accesses its servers through the internet. The key features of the project include MPLS Layer 3 VPN, an IPv6 network with an IPv6 DNS server, various redundancy protocols like HSRP, VRRP and GLBP, dynamic routing protocols such as BGP, EIGRP and OSPF, and a Linux server providing services like DNS, Apache, FTP and SSH. MPLS is used to eliminate delays and provide a VPN connecting different company branches. The topology also features an IPv6 tunnel over an IPv4 network and dual stacking for IPv6/IPv4 communication.
MPLS SDN 2016 - Microloop avoidance with segment routingStephane Litkowski
The document discusses micro-loops in networks and how segment routing can be used to avoid them. Micro-loops are a natural phenomenon in hop-by-hop routed networks caused by transient disagreements between routers during convergence. Segment routing allows building a temporary loop-free path using a two-stage convergence - first using a precomputed loop-free label stack, then switching to the standard path once convergence is complete. This approach could help address issues caused by micro-loops like broken fast reroute and traffic loss.
The document describes the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and its use in establishing serial connections over WAN links. It discusses PPP concepts like its layered architecture, frame structure, session establishment process, and support for multiple network layer protocols. The document also covers configuring PPP encapsulation on serial interfaces, verifying the PPP connection, troubleshooting encapsulation issues, and configuring PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP protocols.
The document discusses point-to-point protocol (PPP) which is used to establish serial connections over WAN links. PPP provides authentication, compression and multiplexing. It describes PPP encapsulation, link establishment in multiple phases, and configuration of authentication using PAP or CHAP. PPP is configured on Cisco router serial interfaces to connect to other devices over WAN links.
MPLS WC 2014 Segment Routing TI-LFA Fast ReRouteBruno Decraene
This document discusses Topology Independent LFA (TI-LFA), a fast reroute technique that provides 100% node and link protection using Segment Routing. It begins by outlining requirements for fast reroute, then introduces TI-LFA which computes the post-convergence path and encodes it as a loop-free Segment Routing path. The document analyzes applicability on Orange network topologies and presents simulation results showing TI-LFA achieves low stack depth and path compression. It concludes that TI-LFA is a scalable solution that meets requirements by providing optimal fast reroute paths without side effects.
This document contains questions and answers related to CCNA 1 Chapter 5. It includes 21 multiple choice questions about networking concepts like routing, default gateways, broadcast domains, and dynamic versus static routing. It also provides explanations and examples related to using network addresses to forward packets between different interfaces and networks.
Point-to-Point Protocol is data link layer protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes via a WAN or LAN Along with is Components and Characteristics
The document discusses virtual local area networks (VLANs) and provides instructions for configuring VLANs and inter-VLAN routing on a switch and router. It defines VLANs, their benefits, types of VLANs including data, default, native and management VLANs. It also covers trunking, 802.1Q tagging, dynamic trunking protocol (DTP), VLAN trunking protocol (VTP) and configuring inter-VLAN routing using a router on a stick. Basic configurations and verification steps are provided for hands-on lab applications to create VLANs, assign ports, enable trunking and test inter-VLAN routing.
Point to point protocol | PPP - Nitish JadiaNitish Jadia
This slide covers point to point protocol and takes most of the points straight from the RFC. This slide covers in-depth flags and headers used in PPP.
This document contains a Cisco CCNA exam with 18 sections and 338 questions. It covers topics like TCP/IP, IP addressing, Cisco IOS, routing, security, switching, VLANs, IPv6, and WAN technologies. Sample questions test knowledge of routing protocols, encapsulation and addressing at different OSI layers, and configuration of routers, switches, and other network devices.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a network layer VPN protocol that uses IP packets to encapsulate Layer 2 frames. L2TP extends the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) by allowing the Layer 2 and PPP endpoints to reside on different devices interconnected by a packet-switched network. L2TP establishes tunnels between an L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) and an L2TP Network Server (LNS) to transport individual PPP frames across the network. Control connections and sessions are set up between the LAC and LNS to establish L2TP tunnels for transporting PPP data.
A network administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues between a router and a non-Cisco device running Frame Relay. The exhibit shows the router configuration. The likely cause of the Layer 2 connectivity problem is that the ietf keyword is missing when enabling Frame Relay on the serial interface. Adding this keyword should repair the connectivity issue.
Router1 will forward the data packet out interface FastEthernet0/1. The document provides a Cisco CCNA exam questions and answers about networking fundamentals like TCP/IP, IP addressing, routing, switching, and WAN technologies. It contains 17 sections with multiple choice questions to help students study and prepare for the CCNA certification exam.
This document provides an overview of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) including how it is used to encapsulate TCP/IP and other network layer protocols over dial-up connections. PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to establish and configure connections, and the Network Control Protocol (NCP) to establish specific network layer protocols. The document discusses how to configure PPP encapsulation on an interface and assign IP addresses to remote users. It also covers PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP as well as other PPP features negotiated by LCP such as compression and Multilink PPP.
This document specifies extensions to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to carry additional routing information. The extensions include adding fields for authentication, route tagging, subnet masks, next hops, and using IP multicasting. The goal is to make RIP more useful and interoperable while it continues to be widely implemented for small networks.
This document summarizes the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) which is used to exchange routing information between gateways on IP networks. It describes how RIP uses distance vector algorithms based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm to calculate the best paths between networks. The document specifies the RIP protocol including message formats, timers, and processing rules. It also discusses limitations of RIP such as its hop count limit of 15 and potential instability issues with large or complex network configurations.
Flow-tools is a library and collection of programs used to analyze NetFlow data exported from routers. It includes flow-capture to collect NetFlow records and flow-stat to generate reports and statistics. Key information that can be extracted includes top talkers by IP/AS, traffic patterns between IP/AS pairs, and potential DoS/DDoS sources and targets. The tool provides network visibility without deep packet inspection and with minimal resources.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, VTP, STP, wireless networking, and inter-VLAN routing. Based on the provided exhibit and configuration snippets, it tests the reader's understanding of switch and router configuration as well as common network design implementations.
Ccnav5.org ccna 3-v50_practice_final_exam_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document provides a practice final exam for CCNA 3 v5.0 with 50 multiple choice questions covering topics such as OSPF, EIGRP, STP, wireless networking, and network device configuration and management. It tests knowledge of routing protocols, switching technologies, wireless security and authentication methods, and best practices for upgrading device firmware.
PLNOG 13: Jeff Tantsura: Programmable and Application aware IP/MPLS networkingPROIDEA
Jeff Tantsura – Head of Technology Strategy Routing at Ericsson & WG Chair of RTGWG at IETF. Jeff has over 20 years of experience in the design and implementation of complex internet products and solutions, as well as 7+ years in Product Management. Skill set includes an expert level of knowledge of IP/MPLS networking and SDN solutions as well as ability to monetize it. More than 10 patents/applications – mostly in IP Routing Fast Convergence area, some L2 (SPB/EVPN). Active contributor to the IETF (chairing Routing Area Working Group): authoring/co-authoring 20+ IETF documents: routing, MPLS, MULTICAST, L2VPN and PCE WG’s. Frequent speaker at internal and public events.
Topic of Presentation: Programmable and Application aware IP/MPLS networking
Language: English
Abstract: The session will cover the topic of controlling and managing IP / MPLS architecture using SDN. The concept of Segment Routing (SR) will be presented as this is currently a subject of IETF standardization. The Segment Routing protocol extends the existing set of IP / MPLS-oriented mechanisms to control network using the SDN controller. The concept of support for Segment Routing based on Open Daylight architecture will be shown. Jeff will present examples of Segment Routing applications such as: optimization of the network in near real-time, network applications optimized angle and multi-tenant environment, segment routing and packet optical networks. Jeff Tantsura (speaker) is the co-author of emerging standardization documents relating to Segment Routing.
The document provides an overview of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. It describes key OSPF concepts like link-state routing, shortest path first algorithm, areas, border routers, link-state advertisements, authentication, and route redistribution. It also covers OSPF configuration and design considerations for building large networks.
- Research has shown that LoRa experiences significant degradation in environments with heavy multipath interference like dense urban or indoor settings due to Rayleigh flat fading.
- Experimentation in an airport parking lot exhibiting Rayleigh flat fading validated this, showing Haystack XR2 encoding provided roughly 30 dB gain to packet error rate over default LoRaWAN encoding.
- This gain allows LoRa networks using Haystack XR2 to achieve much higher quality of service, efficiency, and channel density in challenging multipath environments.
The document appears to contain questions and answers from the CCNA 4 final exam. It includes questions about topics like Frame Relay configuration, PPP negotiation failure troubleshooting, ACL usage, VLAN performance testing, VPN technology selection and DHCP address pool configuration issues. The questions cover a wide range of Cisco networking technologies tested on the CCNA 4 certification exam.
The document describes the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and its use in establishing serial connections over WAN links. It discusses PPP concepts like its layered architecture, frame structure, session establishment process, and support for multiple network layer protocols. The document also covers configuring PPP encapsulation on serial interfaces, verifying the PPP connection, troubleshooting encapsulation issues, and configuring PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP protocols.
The document discusses point-to-point protocol (PPP) which is used to establish serial connections over WAN links. PPP provides authentication, compression and multiplexing. It describes PPP encapsulation, link establishment in multiple phases, and configuration of authentication using PAP or CHAP. PPP is configured on Cisco router serial interfaces to connect to other devices over WAN links.
MPLS WC 2014 Segment Routing TI-LFA Fast ReRouteBruno Decraene
This document discusses Topology Independent LFA (TI-LFA), a fast reroute technique that provides 100% node and link protection using Segment Routing. It begins by outlining requirements for fast reroute, then introduces TI-LFA which computes the post-convergence path and encodes it as a loop-free Segment Routing path. The document analyzes applicability on Orange network topologies and presents simulation results showing TI-LFA achieves low stack depth and path compression. It concludes that TI-LFA is a scalable solution that meets requirements by providing optimal fast reroute paths without side effects.
This document contains questions and answers related to CCNA 1 Chapter 5. It includes 21 multiple choice questions about networking concepts like routing, default gateways, broadcast domains, and dynamic versus static routing. It also provides explanations and examples related to using network addresses to forward packets between different interfaces and networks.
Point-to-Point Protocol is data link layer protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes via a WAN or LAN Along with is Components and Characteristics
The document discusses virtual local area networks (VLANs) and provides instructions for configuring VLANs and inter-VLAN routing on a switch and router. It defines VLANs, their benefits, types of VLANs including data, default, native and management VLANs. It also covers trunking, 802.1Q tagging, dynamic trunking protocol (DTP), VLAN trunking protocol (VTP) and configuring inter-VLAN routing using a router on a stick. Basic configurations and verification steps are provided for hands-on lab applications to create VLANs, assign ports, enable trunking and test inter-VLAN routing.
Point to point protocol | PPP - Nitish JadiaNitish Jadia
This slide covers point to point protocol and takes most of the points straight from the RFC. This slide covers in-depth flags and headers used in PPP.
This document contains a Cisco CCNA exam with 18 sections and 338 questions. It covers topics like TCP/IP, IP addressing, Cisco IOS, routing, security, switching, VLANs, IPv6, and WAN technologies. Sample questions test knowledge of routing protocols, encapsulation and addressing at different OSI layers, and configuration of routers, switches, and other network devices.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a network layer VPN protocol that uses IP packets to encapsulate Layer 2 frames. L2TP extends the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) by allowing the Layer 2 and PPP endpoints to reside on different devices interconnected by a packet-switched network. L2TP establishes tunnels between an L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) and an L2TP Network Server (LNS) to transport individual PPP frames across the network. Control connections and sessions are set up between the LAC and LNS to establish L2TP tunnels for transporting PPP data.
A network administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues between a router and a non-Cisco device running Frame Relay. The exhibit shows the router configuration. The likely cause of the Layer 2 connectivity problem is that the ietf keyword is missing when enabling Frame Relay on the serial interface. Adding this keyword should repair the connectivity issue.
Router1 will forward the data packet out interface FastEthernet0/1. The document provides a Cisco CCNA exam questions and answers about networking fundamentals like TCP/IP, IP addressing, routing, switching, and WAN technologies. It contains 17 sections with multiple choice questions to help students study and prepare for the CCNA certification exam.
This document provides an overview of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) including how it is used to encapsulate TCP/IP and other network layer protocols over dial-up connections. PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to establish and configure connections, and the Network Control Protocol (NCP) to establish specific network layer protocols. The document discusses how to configure PPP encapsulation on an interface and assign IP addresses to remote users. It also covers PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP as well as other PPP features negotiated by LCP such as compression and Multilink PPP.
This document specifies extensions to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to carry additional routing information. The extensions include adding fields for authentication, route tagging, subnet masks, next hops, and using IP multicasting. The goal is to make RIP more useful and interoperable while it continues to be widely implemented for small networks.
This document summarizes the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) which is used to exchange routing information between gateways on IP networks. It describes how RIP uses distance vector algorithms based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm to calculate the best paths between networks. The document specifies the RIP protocol including message formats, timers, and processing rules. It also discusses limitations of RIP such as its hop count limit of 15 and potential instability issues with large or complex network configurations.
Flow-tools is a library and collection of programs used to analyze NetFlow data exported from routers. It includes flow-capture to collect NetFlow records and flow-stat to generate reports and statistics. Key information that can be extracted includes top talkers by IP/AS, traffic patterns between IP/AS pairs, and potential DoS/DDoS sources and targets. The tool provides network visibility without deep packet inspection and with minimal resources.
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as VLANs, trunking, VTP, STP, wireless networking, and inter-VLAN routing. Based on the provided exhibit and configuration snippets, it tests the reader's understanding of switch and router configuration as well as common network design implementations.
Ccnav5.org ccna 3-v50_practice_final_exam_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document provides a practice final exam for CCNA 3 v5.0 with 50 multiple choice questions covering topics such as OSPF, EIGRP, STP, wireless networking, and network device configuration and management. It tests knowledge of routing protocols, switching technologies, wireless security and authentication methods, and best practices for upgrading device firmware.
PLNOG 13: Jeff Tantsura: Programmable and Application aware IP/MPLS networkingPROIDEA
Jeff Tantsura – Head of Technology Strategy Routing at Ericsson & WG Chair of RTGWG at IETF. Jeff has over 20 years of experience in the design and implementation of complex internet products and solutions, as well as 7+ years in Product Management. Skill set includes an expert level of knowledge of IP/MPLS networking and SDN solutions as well as ability to monetize it. More than 10 patents/applications – mostly in IP Routing Fast Convergence area, some L2 (SPB/EVPN). Active contributor to the IETF (chairing Routing Area Working Group): authoring/co-authoring 20+ IETF documents: routing, MPLS, MULTICAST, L2VPN and PCE WG’s. Frequent speaker at internal and public events.
Topic of Presentation: Programmable and Application aware IP/MPLS networking
Language: English
Abstract: The session will cover the topic of controlling and managing IP / MPLS architecture using SDN. The concept of Segment Routing (SR) will be presented as this is currently a subject of IETF standardization. The Segment Routing protocol extends the existing set of IP / MPLS-oriented mechanisms to control network using the SDN controller. The concept of support for Segment Routing based on Open Daylight architecture will be shown. Jeff will present examples of Segment Routing applications such as: optimization of the network in near real-time, network applications optimized angle and multi-tenant environment, segment routing and packet optical networks. Jeff Tantsura (speaker) is the co-author of emerging standardization documents relating to Segment Routing.
The document provides an overview of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. It describes key OSPF concepts like link-state routing, shortest path first algorithm, areas, border routers, link-state advertisements, authentication, and route redistribution. It also covers OSPF configuration and design considerations for building large networks.
- Research has shown that LoRa experiences significant degradation in environments with heavy multipath interference like dense urban or indoor settings due to Rayleigh flat fading.
- Experimentation in an airport parking lot exhibiting Rayleigh flat fading validated this, showing Haystack XR2 encoding provided roughly 30 dB gain to packet error rate over default LoRaWAN encoding.
- This gain allows LoRa networks using Haystack XR2 to achieve much higher quality of service, efficiency, and channel density in challenging multipath environments.
The document appears to contain questions and answers from the CCNA 4 final exam. It includes questions about topics like Frame Relay configuration, PPP negotiation failure troubleshooting, ACL usage, VLAN performance testing, VPN technology selection and DHCP address pool configuration issues. The questions cover a wide range of Cisco networking technologies tested on the CCNA 4 certification exam.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions from the CCNA 4 Chapter 8 exam. It covers topics like subnetting, broadcast domains, troubleshooting network layers, and documenting network devices. Key information that can be determined includes the OSI layers addressed in each question and common troubleshooting steps like starting at the physical layer.
CCNA 4 Answers, CCNA 1 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 1 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 2 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 3 Final Version 4.0 Answers, CCNA 4 Final Version 4.0 Answers
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_1_chapter_4_v5_0_exam_answers_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document provides the answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 Chapter 4 v5.0 from 2014. It includes 23 multiple choice questions and answers related to networking concepts like physical layer protocols, fiber optic cabling, Ethernet standards, wireless networks, and more. The questions assess knowledge of topics like frame encoding techniques, multimode fiber, OSI model layers, throughput calculations, cable interference factors, wireless network concerns, and data link layer functions.
The document provides sample exam questions for CCNA Exploration 4.0 related to LAN switching and wireless networking. Specifically:
- The questions cover topics such as VLAN configuration, trunking, switch port security, the OSI model, hierarchical network design, and Ethernet switching functions.
- Multiple choice answers are provided for each question to test understanding of networking concepts and configuration.
So in summary, the document appears to be practice exam questions for a CCNA certification focusing on layer 2 switching and wireless LAN technologies.
This document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA certification. It includes answers for CCNA 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 exams, as well as practice exams. The website contains full explanations for each answer to help students learn and prepare for the CCNA exams.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_3_v5_final_exam_answers_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document provides the final exam answers for CCNA 3 v5 Scaling Networks from 2014. It includes 40 multiple choice questions related to networking topics like VLANs, trunking, routing, DHCP, wireless networking, and security. The questions are taken from the CCNA 3 v5 final exam and provide the correct answer choices for each question.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 7 - v.4 in english.igede tirtanata
This document contains 24 multiple choice questions about network control protocols, data transmission rates, differences between LANs and WANs, Cisco's implementation of HDLC, connectivity problems, output of debug commands, functions of PPP, demarcation points, congestion indicators, time-division multiplexing, types of WAN connections, data communications equipment, encapsulation processes, and functions of LCP and cell switching. It provides information to test knowledge of fundamental networking concepts related to protocols, interfaces, addressing, and virtual circuits.
This document contains 10 questions from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics such as possible causes for interface status issues, commands to check router memory and version, VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configuration, loopback address configuration, VTP modes, CDP usage, static and default routing configuration.
The document contains a practice exam for CCNA 1 with multiple choice questions about networking concepts. It covers topics like the OSI model, TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, routing, switching, and troubleshooting. An example question asks which layer of the OSI model would format data as shown in an exhibit. The correct answer is the data link layer.
The document provides the questions and answers to the CCNA 1 v5.0 ITN Practice Final Exam. It includes 33 multiple choice questions covering topics such as wireless connectivity recommendations, host configuration settings, IPv4 and IPv6 headers, IP addressing, OSI model layers, router functions, network devices, and wireless network security settings.
This document contains sample questions and explanations from the Cisco 640-802 exam. The questions cover topics related to network devices, interfaces, protocols, and configurations including:
- Possible causes for an interface status being down
- Checks and commands needed before upgrading router IOS
- VLAN and inter-VLAN routing configurations
- Loopback interface purpose and effects
- VTP modes and operations
- IOS image source configurations
- CDP uses
- Static route configuration
1. A Frame Relay switch may perform three actions when detecting excessive frame buildup: put a hold on accepting frames in excess of the CIR, drop frames from the queue that have the DE bit set, and set the BECN bit on all frames it places on the congested link.
2. The benefit of Frame Relay over leased lines or ISDN is that customers only pay for the bandwidth they purchase from the network provider.
3. For routers R1, R2, and R3 to ping each other successfully over Frame Relay, R2 and R3 would need the frame-relay map commands configuring the correct DLCIs to establish connectivity between all routers.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_3_v5_0_scaling_networks_final_exam_2013Đồng Quốc Vương
The document provides answers to questions about CCNA 3 v5.0 Scaling Networks exam. It includes questions about commands to upgrade an IOS image, EIGRP configuration and operation, OSPF neighbor states, and STP port roles.
This document provides the questions and answers to an exam on CCNA 2 Chapter 1. It tests knowledge of networking fundamentals like switching methods, network topologies, switch features, MAC address tables, and network segmentation. Some key points covered are the advantages of cut-through switching, benefits of a hierarchical network topology, functions of modular switches, and how switches forward frames when the MAC address table is empty.
And first-class of all, a threat to hone your competencies. It’s adequate if you experience in over your head. We all did sooner or later, this subsequent step is about pushing thru that worry and on the point of address something as hard because the 200-301. In case you get caught, reach out. In case you see others caught, assist them.
This document contains questions and answers related to CCNA exam topics like EIGRP, OSPF, wireless networking, and switching/routing configuration. Some key points:
- Questions cover EIGRP routing protocol configuration and troubleshooting, OSPF area types, wireless standards and security, and switching concepts like STP, VLANs, and port channels.
- Answers provide explanations for EIGRP neighbor states, OSPF route types, wireless frequency bands and modulation techniques, and best practices for switch configuration.
- Troubleshooting scenarios involve missing routes in EIGRP/OSPF, wireless performance issues, and verifying switch port channel configuration.
This document provides answers to exam questions for CCNA 3 Chapter 2 on spanning tree protocol. It answers 23 multiple choice questions covering topics like the purpose of STP, characteristics of layer 2 loops, components that make up a bridge ID, and advantages of different STP variants like PVST+ and MSTP. The summary provides high-level exam answers on key STP concepts without copying full questions or responses.
This document contains links to CCNA exam answers for CCNA 1 through CCNA 4 as well as the Introduction to Networks exam. It lists the chapter exams, final exams, practice exams, and pretests for each CCNA course with the version and passing percentage. This provides a one-stop location for students to access answers to Cisco certification exams.
The document provides instructions for configuring a network with multiple routers and switches. This includes configuring OSPF routing, VLANs, DHCP, NAT, and access control lists. The network involves three routers at sites 1 and 2 and HQ, with two switches at site 1 connecting VLANs for different departments. The tasks require configuring IP addresses, routing protocols, VLANs, DHCP server, NAT, and other settings according to the provided tables and guidelines.
This document provides the answers to a CCNA 1 final exam with 50 multiple choice questions. It covers topics such as networking tools, network devices, network models, cabling, Ethernet, IP addressing, IPv6 addressing, routing, and network security. Some key points covered are the functions of switches, routers, and default gateways. It also addresses subnetting, private IP addresses, IPv6 addressing formats, and network protocols like TCP/IP, ICMP, DHCP, and DNS.
The document contains a list of URLs and exam answers for CCNA certification courses. It provides the answers to multiple choice questions from exams for CCNA 1 through CCNA 4, as well as the answers to final exams, practice exams, and pre-tests for each course. The answers cover topics such as network protocols, the OSI model, IP addressing, switching, routing, WANs, and network security.
Flick Headers is an online soccer volleyball game. Players can choose from 33 teams with unlocked achievements. The game combines elements of soccer and volleyball, with each side having one player. An embedded Flash game is included on the page to play Flick Headers.
1. www.ccna5answers.com www.ccna5blog.com www.ccna-5.com
www.ccna5answers.com 1
CCNA 4 Final Exam Answer v5 & v5.02
2015 (100%)
1. Which two statements about DSL are true? (Choose two.)
o users are on a shared medium
o uses RF signal transmission
o local loop can be up to 3.5 miles (5.5km)
o physical and data link layers are defined by DOCSIS
o user connections are aggregated at a DSLAM located at the CO
2. Which two statements are true regarding a PPP connection between two
Cisco routers? (Choose two.)
o LCP tests the quality of the link.
o LCP manages compression on the link.
o Only a single NCP is allowed between the two routers.
o NCP terminates the link when data exchange is complete.
o With CHAP authentication,the routers exchange plain text passwords.
3. A network administrator is askedto design a system to allow
simultaneous access to the Internet for 250 users. The ISP can only supply
five public IP addresses for this network. What technology can the
administrator use to accomplish this task?
o classful subnetting
o variable length subnet masks
o classless interdomain routing
o port-based Network Address Translation
4. Referto the exhibit. An administrator is configuring NAT to provide
Internet access to the inside network. After the configuration is
completed, users are unable to access the Internet. What is the cause of
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the problem?
o The NAT pool is using an invalid address range.
o The inside and outside interfaces are backwards.
o The ACL is referencing the wrong network address.
o The NAT inside source command is referring to the wrong ACL.
5. What is the expected behavior of an ADSL service?
o The download rate is faster than the upload rate.
o The upload rate is faster than the download rate.
o The download and upload rates are the same.
o The user can select the upload and download rates based on need.
6. A network administrator is troubleshooting the dynamic NAT that is
configured on router R2. Which command can the administrator use to
see the total number of active NAT translations and the number of
addresses that are allocated from the NAT pool?
o R2# showip nat statistics
o R2# showip nat translations
o R2# showrunning-config
o R2# clear ip nat translation
7. Which type of traffic would most likely have problems when passing
through a NAT device?
o Telnet
o IPsec
o HTTP
o ICMP
o DNS
8. Referto the exhibit. The inside local IP address of PC-A is 192.168.0.200.
What will be the inside global address of packets from PC-A after they
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are translated by R1?
o 10.0.0.1
o 172.16.0.1
o 192.168.0.1
o 192.168.0.200
o 209.165.200.225
9. Referto the exhibit. What kind of NAT is being configured on R1?
o PAT
o dynamic NAT
o NAT overload
o port forwarding
10. What benefit does NAT64 provide?
o It allows sites to use private IPv6 addresses and translates themto global IPv6
addresses.
o It allows sites to connect multiple IPv4 hosts to the Internet via the use of a single
public IPv4 address.
o It allows sites to connect IPv6 hosts to an IPv4 network by translating the IPv6
addresses to IPv4 addresses.
o It allows sites to use private IPv4 addresses,and thus hides the internal addressing
structure from hosts on public IPv4 networks.
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11. What are three benefits of using Frame Relay for WAN connectivity?
(Choose three.)
o QoS support using the IP precedence field
o one physicalinterface that can be used for several circuits
o integrated encryption
o mature technology
o reasonable cost
o seamless direct connectivity to an Ethernet LAN
12. The DLCI number assigned to a Frame Relay circuit is to be manually
added on a point-to-point link. Which three subinterface commands could
be used to complete the configuration? (Choose three.)
o bandwidth kilobits
o encapsulation frame-relay
o frame-relay interface-dlci dlci
o frame-relay map ip ip-address dlci
o frame-relay map ip ip-address dlci broadcast
o ip address ip-address mask
o no shutdown
13. Which command can be used to check the information about congestion
on a Frame Relay link?
o showframe-relay pvc
o showframe-relay lmi
o showinterfaces
o showframe-relay map
14. A network administrator is configuring a PPP link with the commands:
R1(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
R1(config-if)# ppp quality 70
What is the effect of these commands?
o The PPP link will be closed down if the link quality drops below 70 percent.
o The NCP will send a message to the sending device if the link usage reaches 70
percent.
o The LCP establishment phase will not start until the bandwidth reaches 70 percent or
more.
o The PPP link will not be established if more than 30 percent of options cannot be
accepted.
15. Referto the exhibit. A network administrator has implemented the
configuration in the displayed output. What is missing from the
configuration that would be preventing OSPF routing updates from
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passing to the Frame Relay service provider?
o The passive-interface command has not been issued on interface serial 0/1/0.
o The broadcast keyword has not been issued.
o The directly connected neighbor should have been identified by using static mapping.
o The command to disable split horizon has not been issued.
16. What is a characteristic of Frame Relay that allows customer data
transmissions to dynamically “burst” over their CIR for short periods of
time?
o The combination of LMI status messages and Inverse ARP messages enables the CIR
to be exceeded.
o The physical circuits of the Frame Relay network are shared between subscribers and
there may be times when unused bandwidth is available.
o Bursting is enabled by the configuration of multiple subinterfaces on one physical
interface.
o BECN and FECN messages notify the router that the CIR can be exceeded.
17. Which broadband technology would be best for a small office that
requires fast upstream connections?
o DSL
o fiber-to-the-home
o cable
o WiMax
18. What is the protocol that provides ISPs the ability to send PPP frames
over DSL networks?
o PPPoE
o CHAP
o ADSL
o LTE
19. Which technology requires the use of PPPoE to provide PPP connections
to customers?
o dialup analog modem
o dialup ISDN modem
o DSL
o T1
20. Why is it useful to categorize networks by size when discussing network
design?
o Knowing the number of connected devices will define how many multilayer switches
will be necessary at the core layer​.
o Knowing the number of connected devices will define how many additional layers
will be added to the three-tier hierarchical network design​.
o A high-level redundancy at the access layer may be better implemented if the number
of connected devices is known.​
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o The complexity of networking infrastructure will vary according to the number of
connected devices.
21. Why is it useful to categorize networks by size when discussing network
design?
o Knowing the number of connected devices will define how many multilayer switches
will be necessary at the core layer​.
o Knowing the number of connected devices will define how many additional layers
will be added to the three-tier hierarchical network design​.
o A high-level redundancy at the access layer may be better implemented if the number
of connected devices is known.​
o The complexity of networking infrastructure will vary according to the number of
connected devices.
22. A company connects to one ISP via multiple connections. What is the
name given to this type of connection?
o single-homed
o multihomed
o dual-multihomed
o dual-homed
23. What is one advantage to designing networks in building block fashion
for large companies?
o failure isolation
o increased network access time
o coarse security control
o fewer required physical resources
24. Which network module maintains the resources that employees, partners,
and customers rely on to effectively create, collaborate, and interact with
information?
o access-distribution
o services
o data center
o enterprise edge
25. A group of Windows PCs in a new subnet has been added to an Ethernet
network. When testing the connectivity, a technician finds that these PCs
can access local network resources but not the Internet resources. To
troubleshoot the problem, the technician wants to initially confirm the IP
address and DNS configurations on the PCs, and also verify connectivity
to the local router. Which three Windows CLI commands and utilities
will provide the necessary information? (Choose three.)
o arp -a
o ipconfig
o nslookup
o ping
o telnet
o tracert
o netsh interface ipv6 showneighbor
26. A team of engineers has identified a solution to a significant network
problem. The proposed solution is likely to affect critical network
infrastructure components. What should the team follow while
implementing the solution to avoid interfering with other processes and
infrastructure?
o change-controlprocedures
o one of the layered troubleshooting approaches
o knowledge base guidelines
o syslog messages and reports
27. Which troubleshooting tool would a network administrator use to check
the Layer 2 header of frames that are leaving a particular host?
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o protocol analyzer
o baselining tool
o knowledge base
o CiscoView
28. Which two specialized troubleshooting tools can monitor the amount of
traffic that passes through a switch? (Choose two.)
o TDR
o digital multimeter
o NAM
o portable network analyzer
o DTX cable analyzer
29. Referto the exhibit. Which two statements describe the results of entering
these commands? (Choose two.)
o R1 will send systemmessages of levels 0 (emergencies) to level 4 (warnings) to a
server.
o R1 will not send critical systemmessages to the server until the command debug all
is entered.
o R1 will reset all the warnings to clear the log.
o R1 will output the systemmessages to the local RAM.
o The syslog serverhas the IPv4 address 192.168.10.10.
30. Referto the exhibit. On the basis of the output, which two statements
about network connectivity are correct? (Choose two.)
o There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
o The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
o There are 4 hops between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
o The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 miliseconds.
o This host does not have a default gateway configured.
31. Which statement is a characteristic of SNMP MIBs?
o The MIB organizes variables in a flat manner.
o The SNMP agent uses the SNMP manager to access information within the MIB.​
o The NMS must have access to the MIB in order for SNMP to operate properly.
o The MIB structure for a given device includes only variables that are specific to that
device or vendor.​
32. Referto the exhibit. Router R1 was configured by a network
administrator to use SNMPversion 2. The following commands were
issued:
R1(config)# snmp-server community batonaug ro SNMP_ACL
R1(config)# snmp-server contact Wayne World
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R1(config)# snmp-server host 192.168.1.3 version 2c batonaug
R1(config)# ip access-list standard SNMP_ACL
R1(config-std-nacl)# permit 192.168.10.3
Why is the administrator not able to get any information from R1?
o The snmp-server enable traps command is missing.​
o The snmp-server community command needs to include the rw keyword.​
o There is a problem with the ACL configuration.
o The snmp-server location command is missing.​
33. What is used as the default event logging destination for Cisco routers
and switches?
o terminal line
o syslog server
o console line
o workstation
34. In the data gathering process, which type of device will listen for traffic,
but only gather traffic statistics?
o NMS
o syslog server
o NetFlow collector
o SNMP agent
35. Which SNMP message type informs the network management system
(NMS) immediately of certain specified events?
o GET request
o SET request
o GET response
o Trap
36. Which three flows associated with consumer applications are supported
by NetFlow collectors? (Choose three.)
o bandwidth regulation
o accounting
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o billing
o quality of service
o error correction
o network monitoring
37. Which algorithm is considered insecure for use in IPsec encryption?
o 3DES
o AES
o RSA
o SHA-1
38. Which statement describes a characteristic of dense wavelength division
multiplexing (DWDM)?​
o It supports the SONET standard,but not the SDH standard​.
o It enables bidirectional communications over one pair of copper cables.
o It can be used in long-range communications, like connections between ISPs.
o It assigns incoming electrical signals to specific frequencies.
39. Two corporations have just completed a merger. The network engineer has been asked
to connect the two corporate networks without the expense of leased lines. Which
solution would be the most cost effective method of providing a proper and secure
connection between the two corporate networks?
o Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client with SSL
o Cisco Secure Mobility Clientless SSL VPN
o Frame Relay
o remote access VPN using IPsec
o site-to-site VPN
40. Referto the exhibit. Which IP address is configured on the physical
interface of the CORP router?
o 10.1.1.1
o 10.1.1.2
o 209.165.202.133
o 209.165.202.134
41. What are three characteristics of the generic routing encapsulation
(GRE) protocol? (Choose three.)
o GRE tunnels support multicast traffic.
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o By default, GRE does not include any flow control mechanisms.
o Developed by the IETF, GRE is a secure tunneling protocol that was designed for
Cisco routers.
o GRE uses AES for encryption unless otherwise specified.
o GRE creates additional overhead for packets that are traveling through the VPN.
o GRE provides encapsulation for a single protocol type that is traveling through the
VPN.
42. Which WAN technology can serve as the underlying network to carry
multiple types of network traffic such as IP, ATM, Ethernet, and DSL?
o ISDN
o MPLS
o Frame Relay
o Ethernet WAN
43. Which two statements describe remote access VPNs? (Choose two.)
o Remote access VPNs are used to connect entire networks, such as a branch office to
headquarters.
o End users are not aware that VPNs exists.
o A leased line is required to implement remote access VPNs.
o Client software is usually required to be able to access the network.
o Remote access VPNs support the needs of telecommuters and mobile users.
44. Which circumstance would result in an enterprise deciding to implement
a corporate WAN?
o when its employees become distributed across many branch locations
o when the network will span multiple buildings
o when the number of employees exceeds the capacity of the LAN
o when the enterprise decides to secure its corporate LAN
45. An intercity bus company wants to offer constant Internet connectivity to
the users traveling on the buses. Which two types of WAN infrastructure
would meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
o private infrastructure
o public infrastructure
o dedicated
o circuit-switched
o cellular
46. Under which two categories of WAN connections does Frame Relay fit?
(Choose two.)
o public infrastructure
o private infrastructure
o dedicated
o Internet
o packet-switched
47. What term is used to identify the point where the customer network ends
and the service provider network begins?
o CSU/DSU
o the central office
o the local loop
o the demarcation point
48. Which two characteristics describe time-division multiplexing? (Choose
two.)
o Traffic is allocated bandwidth across a single wire based on preassigned time slots.
o Bandwidth is allocated to channels based on whether a station has data to transmit.
o Encoding technology provides high data throughput in a minimum RF spectrumby
supporting parallel data transmission.
o Depending on the configured Layer 2 protocol, data is transmitted across two or
more channels via the use of time slots.
o Data capacity across a single link increases as bits from multiple sources are
transmitted using interleaved slices of time.
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49. A branch office uses a leasedline to connect to the corporate network.
The lead network engineer confirms connectivity between users in the
branch office, but none of the users can access corporate headquarters.
System logs indicate that nothing has changed in the branch office
network. What should the engineer consider next to resolve this network
outage?
o The network technician for the branch office should troubleshoot the switched
infrastructure.
o The systemadministrator in the branch office should reconfigure the default gateway
on the user PCs.
o The server administrator in the branch office should reconfigure the DHCP server.
o The service provider for the branch office should troubleshoot the issue starting from
the point of demarcation.
50. Referto the exhibit. Which three steps are required to configure
Multilink PPP on the HQ router? (Choose three.)
o Assign the serial interfaces to the multilink bundle.
o Assign the Fast Ethernet interface to the multilink bundle.
o Enable PPP encapsulation on the multilink interface.
o Enable PPP encapsulation on the serial interfaces.
o Bind the multilink bundle to the Fast Ethernet interface.
o Create and configure the multilink interface.
51. Referto the exhibit. A network administrator discovers that host A is
having trouble with Internet connectivity, but the server farm has full
connectivity. In addition, host A has full connectivity to the server farm.
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What is a possible cause of this problem?
o The router has an incorrect gateway.
o Host A has an overlapping network address.
o Host A has an incorrect default gateway configured.
o Host A has an incorrect subnet mask.
o NAT is required for the host A network.
52. Referto the exhibit. H1 can only ping H2, H3, and the Fa0/0 interface of
router R1. H2 and H3 can ping H4 and H5. Why might H1 not be able to
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successfully ping H4 and H5?
o Router R1 does not have a route to the destination network.
o Switch S1 does not have an IP address configured.
o The link between router R1 and switch S2 has failed.
o Host H1 does not have a default gateway configured.
o Hosts H4 and H5 are members of a different VLAN than host H1.
53. What is required for a host to use an SSL VPN to connect to a remote
network device?
o VPN client software must be installed.
o A site-to-site VPN must be preconfigured.
o A web browser must be installed on the host.
o The host must be connected to a wired network.
54. What type of information is collected by Cisco NetFlow?
o interface errors
o CPU usage
o memory usage
o traffic statistics
55. Match the characteristic to the appropriate authentication protocol. (Not
all options are used.)