This document provides information about balance of payments and related concepts:
- It defines balance of payments as a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, including visible and invisible items as well as capital transfers.
- It explains the difference between balance of trade, which records only goods, and balance of payments, which includes goods, services, and capital transfers.
- It outlines the types of items included in balance of payments such as visible/invisible items and capital transfers.
this PPT contains explanation of balance of payments. current account, capital account,official reserve account, equilibrium of bop are explained here in it.autonomous and accommodating items, bop and bot difference.
The balance of payments document discusses key aspects of a country's balance of payments (BOP) account including:
- The BOP uses double-entry bookkeeping and has debit and credit sides to record international transactions. It can be balanced, in surplus, or in deficit.
- The BOP provides information to governments about international trade and capital flows so they can implement appropriate policies.
- It is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign countries over a period, usually a year. These transactions include exports/imports of goods and services, as well as capital account flows.
BOP Components: Current Account, Capital Account and Reserve Account; Disequilibrium of BOP; Factors Affecting BOP and Methods of Correcting BOP Disequilibrium
This document provides information about balance of payments (BOP) including:
- BOP is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and rest of world, including exports/imports of goods and services, as well as capital and financial flows.
- It has two main components - the current account which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account which covers financial flows. It also includes unilateral transfers.
- A country aims to maintain a balanced BOP through various monetary and non-monetary policy measures that can influence exchange rates, imports/exports, and capital flows.
The document summarizes key concepts related to a country's balance of payments (BOP). It defines the BOP as recording all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period, usually a year. It includes debit and credit transactions across both private and public sectors. The BOP has three accounts - current, financial, and capital. It also distinguishes the BOP, which includes all transactions, from the balance of trade, which only includes visible trade items. The document outlines how to calculate the BOP and explains the concepts of BOP equilibrium versus disequilibrium.
India's balance of payments witnessed improvements in 2009-10 as the global economic recovery was visible. Exports and imports both increased during the third quarter, with the trade deficit lower than the previous year. The current account deficit was marginally higher for April-December 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, due to a fall in invisibles surplus despite a lower trade deficit. Capital flows remained strong, led by FDI, portfolio investments, and trade credits. Foreign exchange reserves increased by $27.1 billion for the year, reaching $279.1 billion in March 2010. The turnaround in exports and continued capital inflows inflows buoyed India's external sector.
The document discusses the balance of payments of a country. It is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world, including payments made (outflows) and received (inflows). The balance of payments has two main accounts - the current account, which records trade in goods and services, income, and transfers; and the capital account, which covers capital flows from private and government sources like foreign direct investment. When the current and capital accounts are not balanced, it affects a country's official foreign reserves.
The Balance of Payments is an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a specific period, usually a year. It summarizes exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital. Sources of funds like exports are recorded as credits, while uses of funds like imports are recorded as debits. Overall the Balance of Payments must balance to zero. It includes the current account, which covers transactions like trade, and the capital account, which covers financial flows and investments.
this PPT contains explanation of balance of payments. current account, capital account,official reserve account, equilibrium of bop are explained here in it.autonomous and accommodating items, bop and bot difference.
The balance of payments document discusses key aspects of a country's balance of payments (BOP) account including:
- The BOP uses double-entry bookkeeping and has debit and credit sides to record international transactions. It can be balanced, in surplus, or in deficit.
- The BOP provides information to governments about international trade and capital flows so they can implement appropriate policies.
- It is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign countries over a period, usually a year. These transactions include exports/imports of goods and services, as well as capital account flows.
BOP Components: Current Account, Capital Account and Reserve Account; Disequilibrium of BOP; Factors Affecting BOP and Methods of Correcting BOP Disequilibrium
This document provides information about balance of payments (BOP) including:
- BOP is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and rest of world, including exports/imports of goods and services, as well as capital and financial flows.
- It has two main components - the current account which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account which covers financial flows. It also includes unilateral transfers.
- A country aims to maintain a balanced BOP through various monetary and non-monetary policy measures that can influence exchange rates, imports/exports, and capital flows.
The document summarizes key concepts related to a country's balance of payments (BOP). It defines the BOP as recording all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period, usually a year. It includes debit and credit transactions across both private and public sectors. The BOP has three accounts - current, financial, and capital. It also distinguishes the BOP, which includes all transactions, from the balance of trade, which only includes visible trade items. The document outlines how to calculate the BOP and explains the concepts of BOP equilibrium versus disequilibrium.
India's balance of payments witnessed improvements in 2009-10 as the global economic recovery was visible. Exports and imports both increased during the third quarter, with the trade deficit lower than the previous year. The current account deficit was marginally higher for April-December 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, due to a fall in invisibles surplus despite a lower trade deficit. Capital flows remained strong, led by FDI, portfolio investments, and trade credits. Foreign exchange reserves increased by $27.1 billion for the year, reaching $279.1 billion in March 2010. The turnaround in exports and continued capital inflows inflows buoyed India's external sector.
The document discusses the balance of payments of a country. It is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world, including payments made (outflows) and received (inflows). The balance of payments has two main accounts - the current account, which records trade in goods and services, income, and transfers; and the capital account, which covers capital flows from private and government sources like foreign direct investment. When the current and capital accounts are not balanced, it affects a country's official foreign reserves.
The Balance of Payments is an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a specific period, usually a year. It summarizes exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital. Sources of funds like exports are recorded as credits, while uses of funds like imports are recorded as debits. Overall the Balance of Payments must balance to zero. It includes the current account, which covers transactions like trade, and the capital account, which covers financial flows and investments.
The document defines and explains key aspects of a country's balance of payments. It notes that a balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a given period, usually one year. It has two main components - the current account, which records trade in goods and services as well as income, and the capital account, which covers financial flows. A country can experience a surplus, deficit, or equilibrium on its balance of payments depending on whether exports exceed imports. The document also discusses causes of disequilibrium and potential solutions.
A fantastic PPT on balance of payments. The PPT includes a complete of the meaning and various concepts of balance of payments. It also discusses about the type of transactions recorded in BOP and various types of accounts.
Balance of payments Presentation (complete)E Concepts
The presentation covers all important aspects of balance of payments majorly including;
Rules of Balance Of Payments
Balance of payments vs Balance of trade
Debit vs Credit transactions
Equilibrium vs disequilibrium in BOP
Measures to correct disequilibrium
The balance of payments (BOP) accounts summarize all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a specific period, usually one year. The BOP accounts record sources of funds like exports and investments as positive or surplus items, and uses of funds like imports and foreign investments as negative or deficit items. When all BOP transactions are totaled, they must equal zero with no overall surplus or deficit.
The document discusses the balance of payments and balance of trade. It defines balance of payments as the record of all monetary transactions between a country and other countries, including capital flows, exports, imports and other payments. It has three components - current account, capital account and financial account. The current account covers short-term transactions while the capital account covers long-term international capital flows. Balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports of goods, and is a component of the current account. It can be in surplus, deficit or balanced. The balance of payments provides a more complete picture of a country's economic status than just the balance of trade.
Balance of payment is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, presented in a double-entry bookkeeping format. It includes credits for exports, services provided to foreign countries, and financial inflows; and debits for imports, services received from other countries, and financial outflows. A country has a balance of payments surplus if its credits exceed debits and a deficit if debits exceed credits. Countries use both monetary policies like adjusting exchange rates and non-monetary policies like promoting exports or restricting imports to address balance of payments deficits.
The document defines and explains the key concepts of a country's balance of payments (BOP). It states that BOP is the systematic accounting of all economic transactions between a country's residents and the rest of the world over a period, usually a year. For accounting purposes, transactions are grouped under current transactions, capital transactions, reserves accounts, and errors and omissions. Current transactions include exports, imports and unilateral transfers, while capital transactions involve foreign investment, borrowing and lending, and banking transactions. The reserves account shows a country's foreign exchange holdings and the errors and omissions entry balances any reporting discrepancies.
The document discusses balance of payments (BOP), which is an accounting statement that records all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes current account transactions like trade in goods and services, transfers, and income as well as capital account transactions like borrowing/lending and investments. An adverse BOP means a country's imports exceed exports, which is negative for the economy. Causes of an adverse BOP include developmental activities, inflation, demand changes, and social factors. Corrective measures include deflation, monetary policy, trade policy, fiscal policy, currency devaluation, and exchange controls to boost exports and reduce imports.
The balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and residents of foreign countries over a period of time. It includes visible items like exports and imports of goods, and invisible items like services. The balance of payments provides a more comprehensive picture than just the balance of trade. It has two main components - the current account, which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account, which covers financial flows like investments and official transactions between governments. Autonomous items in the balance of payments refer to transactions undertaken for economic motives, while accommodating items balance out the account. Disequilibria can arise due to various economic, political, and social factors.
The balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and residents of foreign countries over a period of time. It includes visible items like exports and imports of goods, and invisible items like services. The balance of payments provides a more comprehensive picture than just the balance of trade. It has two main components - the current account, which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account, which covers financial flows like investments and official transactions between governments. Autonomous items in the balance of payments refer to transactions undertaken for economic motives, while accommodating items balance out the account. Disequilibria can arise due to various economic, political, and social factors.
The balance of payments accounts record all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world, including payments for exports and imports of goods and services, as well as financial capital transfers. It has three main components: the current account balance, which covers trade in physical and services goods; the capital account balance, which covers financial transactions; and the overall balance of payments. A deficit can occur in any of these accounts due to economic, political, social, and other factors that impact trade and capital flows.
This document provides an overview of a country's balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign countries over a period of time, usually annually. It notes that the balance of payments has two sides, credits and debits, with receipts recorded on the credit side and payments on the debit side. It also distinguishes between different types of transactions that affect the current account and capital account and discusses using balance of payments data to analyze a country's economic strength and identify needed policy measures.
The document summarizes India's balance of payments (BOP) over several years. It finds that:
1. India's trade balance has consistently been in deficit as imports have exceeded exports. Imports of petroleum products in particular have increased steadily.
2. The current account, which includes both visible and invisible items, recorded deficits from 1990-2001 but surpluses in 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Invisibles like services and remittances have helped cover trade deficits.
3. Capital account has remained positive due to large inflows of foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, and deposits from non-resident Indians. Foreign exchange reserves have fluctuated depending on current and capital accounts.
The balance of payments is a double-entry system that records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes exports and imports of both visible goods and invisible services, as well as capital inflows and outflows. The current account tracks trade in goods and services as well as income like interest and dividends, while the capital account covers investment flows and changes in foreign exchange reserves. India's balance of payments has fluctuated over time from surpluses to deficits due to factors like changes in imports, exports, capital flows, and exchange rates.
The balance of payments is a double-entry system that records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes exports and imports of both visible goods and invisible services, as well as capital inflows and outflows. The current account tracks trade in goods and services as well as income like interest and dividends, while the capital account covers investment flows and changes in foreign exchange reserves. India's balance of payments has fluctuated over time from surpluses to deficits due to factors like changes in imports, exports, capital flows, and exchange rates.
The balance of payments is used by countries to monitor all international monetary transactions within a given time period, usually quarterly. It includes the value of all imports and exports of goods, services, and financial capital inflows and outflows. The overall balance is calculated as the sum of the current account, which covers trade and income flows; the capital account, which covers physical asset transactions; the financial account, which covers investment flows; and any errors or omissions. An imbalance, or surplus/deficit, in the balance of payments can be addressed through policies aimed at increasing exports, reducing imports, controlling exchange rates, and improving competitiveness.
The Balance of Payments records a country's international transactions divided into the current account and capital account. The current account comprises trade in goods and services, income from foreign assets and payments on domestic assets owned by foreigners. If exports exceed imports it results in a trade surplus, but if imports exceed exports it results in a trade deficit. The capital account records transactions in real and financial assets between countries like FDI, portfolio investment and changes in official foreign exchange reserves. For the payments to balance, a current account deficit must be matched by an equal capital account surplus.
Balance Of Payment - International MarketingSachin7443
The document discusses the balance of payments of a country. It defines balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It is the difference between receipts from and payments to foreign countries. The balance of payments has a current account and a capital account. The current account includes imports/exports of goods and services and unilateral transfers. The capital account includes foreign investment, loans, and other financial flows. An overall balance of payments is calculated as the current account balance plus the capital account balance plus changes in official reserves. A deficit in the current account is referred to as a current account deficit. Causes and measures to correct a balance of payments deficit are also discussed.
This document provides information about a seminar presentation on the balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world. It discusses the key components of the balance of payments including the current account, capital account, and official reserve account. It also covers topics such as balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium, and causes of imbalance.
Vision and Goals: The primary aim of the 1st Defence Tech Meetup is to create a Defence Tech cluster in Portugal, bringing together key technology and defence players, accelerating Defence Tech startups, and making Portugal an attractive hub for innovation in this sector.
Historical Context and Industry Evolution: The presentation provides an overview of the evolution of the Portuguese military industry from the 1970s to the present, highlighting significant shifts such as the privatisation of military capabilities and Portugal's integration into international defence and space programs.
Innovation and Defence Linkage: Emphasis on the historical linkage between innovation and defence, citing examples like the military genesis of Silicon Valley and the Cold War's technological dividends that fueled the digital economy, highlighting the potential for similar growth in Portugal.
Proposals for Growth: Recommendations include promoting dual-use technologies and open innovation, streamlining procurement processes, supporting and financing new ICT/BTID companies, and creating a Defence Startup Accelerator to spur innovation and economic growth.
Current and Future Technologies: Discussion on emerging defence technologies such as drone warfare, advancements in AI, and new military applications, along with the importance of integrating these innovations to enhance Portugal's defence capabilities and economic resilience.
8328958814KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA➑➌➋➑➒➎➑➑➊➍
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The document defines and explains key aspects of a country's balance of payments. It notes that a balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a given period, usually one year. It has two main components - the current account, which records trade in goods and services as well as income, and the capital account, which covers financial flows. A country can experience a surplus, deficit, or equilibrium on its balance of payments depending on whether exports exceed imports. The document also discusses causes of disequilibrium and potential solutions.
A fantastic PPT on balance of payments. The PPT includes a complete of the meaning and various concepts of balance of payments. It also discusses about the type of transactions recorded in BOP and various types of accounts.
Balance of payments Presentation (complete)E Concepts
The presentation covers all important aspects of balance of payments majorly including;
Rules of Balance Of Payments
Balance of payments vs Balance of trade
Debit vs Credit transactions
Equilibrium vs disequilibrium in BOP
Measures to correct disequilibrium
The balance of payments (BOP) accounts summarize all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a specific period, usually one year. The BOP accounts record sources of funds like exports and investments as positive or surplus items, and uses of funds like imports and foreign investments as negative or deficit items. When all BOP transactions are totaled, they must equal zero with no overall surplus or deficit.
The document discusses the balance of payments and balance of trade. It defines balance of payments as the record of all monetary transactions between a country and other countries, including capital flows, exports, imports and other payments. It has three components - current account, capital account and financial account. The current account covers short-term transactions while the capital account covers long-term international capital flows. Balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports of goods, and is a component of the current account. It can be in surplus, deficit or balanced. The balance of payments provides a more complete picture of a country's economic status than just the balance of trade.
Balance of payment is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, presented in a double-entry bookkeeping format. It includes credits for exports, services provided to foreign countries, and financial inflows; and debits for imports, services received from other countries, and financial outflows. A country has a balance of payments surplus if its credits exceed debits and a deficit if debits exceed credits. Countries use both monetary policies like adjusting exchange rates and non-monetary policies like promoting exports or restricting imports to address balance of payments deficits.
The document defines and explains the key concepts of a country's balance of payments (BOP). It states that BOP is the systematic accounting of all economic transactions between a country's residents and the rest of the world over a period, usually a year. For accounting purposes, transactions are grouped under current transactions, capital transactions, reserves accounts, and errors and omissions. Current transactions include exports, imports and unilateral transfers, while capital transactions involve foreign investment, borrowing and lending, and banking transactions. The reserves account shows a country's foreign exchange holdings and the errors and omissions entry balances any reporting discrepancies.
The document discusses balance of payments (BOP), which is an accounting statement that records all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes current account transactions like trade in goods and services, transfers, and income as well as capital account transactions like borrowing/lending and investments. An adverse BOP means a country's imports exceed exports, which is negative for the economy. Causes of an adverse BOP include developmental activities, inflation, demand changes, and social factors. Corrective measures include deflation, monetary policy, trade policy, fiscal policy, currency devaluation, and exchange controls to boost exports and reduce imports.
The balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and residents of foreign countries over a period of time. It includes visible items like exports and imports of goods, and invisible items like services. The balance of payments provides a more comprehensive picture than just the balance of trade. It has two main components - the current account, which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account, which covers financial flows like investments and official transactions between governments. Autonomous items in the balance of payments refer to transactions undertaken for economic motives, while accommodating items balance out the account. Disequilibria can arise due to various economic, political, and social factors.
The balance of payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and residents of foreign countries over a period of time. It includes visible items like exports and imports of goods, and invisible items like services. The balance of payments provides a more comprehensive picture than just the balance of trade. It has two main components - the current account, which covers trade in goods and services, and the capital account, which covers financial flows like investments and official transactions between governments. Autonomous items in the balance of payments refer to transactions undertaken for economic motives, while accommodating items balance out the account. Disequilibria can arise due to various economic, political, and social factors.
The balance of payments accounts record all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world, including payments for exports and imports of goods and services, as well as financial capital transfers. It has three main components: the current account balance, which covers trade in physical and services goods; the capital account balance, which covers financial transactions; and the overall balance of payments. A deficit can occur in any of these accounts due to economic, political, social, and other factors that impact trade and capital flows.
This document provides an overview of a country's balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign countries over a period of time, usually annually. It notes that the balance of payments has two sides, credits and debits, with receipts recorded on the credit side and payments on the debit side. It also distinguishes between different types of transactions that affect the current account and capital account and discusses using balance of payments data to analyze a country's economic strength and identify needed policy measures.
The document summarizes India's balance of payments (BOP) over several years. It finds that:
1. India's trade balance has consistently been in deficit as imports have exceeded exports. Imports of petroleum products in particular have increased steadily.
2. The current account, which includes both visible and invisible items, recorded deficits from 1990-2001 but surpluses in 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Invisibles like services and remittances have helped cover trade deficits.
3. Capital account has remained positive due to large inflows of foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, and deposits from non-resident Indians. Foreign exchange reserves have fluctuated depending on current and capital accounts.
The balance of payments is a double-entry system that records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes exports and imports of both visible goods and invisible services, as well as capital inflows and outflows. The current account tracks trade in goods and services as well as income like interest and dividends, while the capital account covers investment flows and changes in foreign exchange reserves. India's balance of payments has fluctuated over time from surpluses to deficits due to factors like changes in imports, exports, capital flows, and exchange rates.
The balance of payments is a double-entry system that records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. It includes exports and imports of both visible goods and invisible services, as well as capital inflows and outflows. The current account tracks trade in goods and services as well as income like interest and dividends, while the capital account covers investment flows and changes in foreign exchange reserves. India's balance of payments has fluctuated over time from surpluses to deficits due to factors like changes in imports, exports, capital flows, and exchange rates.
The balance of payments is used by countries to monitor all international monetary transactions within a given time period, usually quarterly. It includes the value of all imports and exports of goods, services, and financial capital inflows and outflows. The overall balance is calculated as the sum of the current account, which covers trade and income flows; the capital account, which covers physical asset transactions; the financial account, which covers investment flows; and any errors or omissions. An imbalance, or surplus/deficit, in the balance of payments can be addressed through policies aimed at increasing exports, reducing imports, controlling exchange rates, and improving competitiveness.
The Balance of Payments records a country's international transactions divided into the current account and capital account. The current account comprises trade in goods and services, income from foreign assets and payments on domestic assets owned by foreigners. If exports exceed imports it results in a trade surplus, but if imports exceed exports it results in a trade deficit. The capital account records transactions in real and financial assets between countries like FDI, portfolio investment and changes in official foreign exchange reserves. For the payments to balance, a current account deficit must be matched by an equal capital account surplus.
Balance Of Payment - International MarketingSachin7443
The document discusses the balance of payments of a country. It defines balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It is the difference between receipts from and payments to foreign countries. The balance of payments has a current account and a capital account. The current account includes imports/exports of goods and services and unilateral transfers. The capital account includes foreign investment, loans, and other financial flows. An overall balance of payments is calculated as the current account balance plus the capital account balance plus changes in official reserves. A deficit in the current account is referred to as a current account deficit. Causes and measures to correct a balance of payments deficit are also discussed.
This document provides information about a seminar presentation on the balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world. It discusses the key components of the balance of payments including the current account, capital account, and official reserve account. It also covers topics such as balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium, and causes of imbalance.
Vision and Goals: The primary aim of the 1st Defence Tech Meetup is to create a Defence Tech cluster in Portugal, bringing together key technology and defence players, accelerating Defence Tech startups, and making Portugal an attractive hub for innovation in this sector.
Historical Context and Industry Evolution: The presentation provides an overview of the evolution of the Portuguese military industry from the 1970s to the present, highlighting significant shifts such as the privatisation of military capabilities and Portugal's integration into international defence and space programs.
Innovation and Defence Linkage: Emphasis on the historical linkage between innovation and defence, citing examples like the military genesis of Silicon Valley and the Cold War's technological dividends that fueled the digital economy, highlighting the potential for similar growth in Portugal.
Proposals for Growth: Recommendations include promoting dual-use technologies and open innovation, streamlining procurement processes, supporting and financing new ICT/BTID companies, and creating a Defence Startup Accelerator to spur innovation and economic growth.
Current and Future Technologies: Discussion on emerging defence technologies such as drone warfare, advancements in AI, and new military applications, along with the importance of integrating these innovations to enhance Portugal's defence capabilities and economic resilience.
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2. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
• It is an account of all economic transactions
between the normal residents of a country and the
rest of the World during a given period of time.
• It is a record of inflow and outflow of foreign
currency.
• It includes both visible and invisible items.
3.
4. BALANCE OF TRADE
It is an account of visible imports and visible
exports of a country during a given period of time.
Favourable Balance of Trade:
Value of Exports > Value of Imports
Unfavourable Balance of Trade:
Value of Exports < Value of Imports
5. BALANCE OF TRADE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
It records the imports and exports
of goods (Visible items).
It records the imports and exports
of goods and services Visible and
invisible items).
It does not record capital transfers It records capital transfers
There can be surplus or deficit in
Balance of Trade
It is always balanced.
It is a part of current account of
balance of payments.
It includes current account and
capital account.
6. Items included in Balance of Payments
Visible items Invisible items Capital Transfers Unilateral
(Goods) Payments
Receipts and Government Income from
Payments for Expenditure foreign investment
Services on Embassies
7. Visible items
• Goods that are imported and exported are called
visible items.
• They are recorded at the port and are made of
some materials.
8. Invisible Items
• Receipts and payments for the services.
• Income from foreign investment.
• Government expenditure on Embassies.
9. Capital Receipts
• Capital receipts such as borrowing and income from
the sale of assets.
• Capital expenditure such as repayment of loan and
purchase of assets abroad.
Unilateral transactions
They are onside transactions such as Gifts and
Donations.
11. CURRENT ACCOUNT OF BOP
• It records imports and export of goods, services and
unilateral payments.
• Visible and invisible items are included.
• It may show surplus or deficit.
• Transactions that earn foreign exchange such as
export of goods and services, transfer payments to
other countries and income receipts are recorded
along the credit side.
• Transactions that lead to payment of foreign
exchange such as import of goods and services,
transfer payments from abroad and income
payments are recorded in the debit side
12. • CAPITAL ACCOUNT
• It records capital transfers.
• Loans and investments between a country and the
rest of the World are recorded.
• Transactions that can cause change in assets and
liabilities are recorded in the capital account.
• Transactions that cause inflow of foreign exchange
are recorded in the credit side.
• Transactions that cause outflow of foreign exchange
are recorded in the debit side.
14. AUTONOMOUS TRANSACTIONS
• Transactions that are carried out to earn profit are
called autonomous transactions.
• They are not influenced by other transactions.
• Export and import of goods and services are
autonomous transactions.
15. ACCOMODATING TRANSACTIONS
• Transactions that are carried out to overcome
deficit or surplus in the Balance of Payments
Account are called Accommodating Transactions.
• They are dependent on the autonomous
transactions.
Examples:
• Taking money from the foreign exchange reserve
• Borrowing from IMF or World Bank
16. OFFICIAL RESERVE TRANSACTIONS
• If there is deficit in autonomous transactions, the
Central Bank may release foreign exchange from the
Reserve. It will be credited in Capital Account.
• If there is surplus in autonomous transactions, the
Central Bank may keep that surplus in Reserve. It
will be debited in Capital Account.
• These transactions are called official reserve
transactions.
17. EFFECT OF ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ PROGRAMME ON BOP
• Making in India campaign is aimed at attracting
foreigners and NRIs to make investments in India.
• It encourages production in India.
• This will lead to increase in the production of goods
and services.
• Import will and export will increase.
• It will have a positive effect on the BOP.
18. • Find out whether the following items should be
entered in the credit side or debit side of Current
Account or Capital Account.
1. Investment from Abroad:
It should be credited in the Capital Account.
It is a capital transfer. So, it should be entered in
Capital Account. It leads to inflow of foreign capital.
So, it should be credited.
2. Transfer of funds to relatives abroad:
It is entered in the debit side of current account as it
is outflow of domestic currency without getting
anything in return, i.e., unilateral transfer.
19. 3. Profits received from investments abroad:
It is entered in the credit side of Current Account.
It does not cause any liability but leads to inflow
of foreign exchange.
4. Import of machines
It is entered in the debit side of current account. It
is a visible import and leads to outflow of foreign
exchange.
5. ‘Borrowings from abroad’
It is credited in the capital account. It leads to inflow
of foreign exchange and causes liability.
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